单词 | bent |
释义 | bentn.1 I. Senses relating to varieties of grass, especially reed-grasses. 1. A name given to grass of a reedy or rush-like habit, or which has persistent stiff or rigid stems; also to various grass-like reeds, rushes, sedges, and other plants.Britten and Holland Plant-n. give a long list of grasses and other plants, to which the name, either simply or with attribute, is locally applied: by the seashore it very generally means the Sea Reed Grass, Psamma or Ammophila arenaria, but also Carex arenaria, Elymus arenaria, Triticum junceum, according to locality; on northern moorlands often Juncus squarrosus, but also Nardus stricta, etc.; in some pastoral and hay districts Cynosurus cristatus (‘Hendon Bent’), Agrostis vulgaris; in other localities, Phalaris arundinacea, Scirpas lacustris, or other marsh-grasses, bulrushes, reeds, or sedges: in Chester and Wiltshire, the name is even given to the common heath and ling, perhaps because they grow on bents: cf. ‘heath.’ a. singular ‘bent’; plural ‘bents’. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > a grass or grasses > reedy or aquatic grasses > [noun] > bent grass, rush, or sedge sedgec1000 flaga1387 sniddlea1400 bentc1425 helm1640 marram1640 beach-grass1681 spreta1700 bent-grass1777 marsh grass1785 sea-grass1791 sedge-grass1847 sand grass1856 the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > a grass or grasses > [noun] > part of > old stalk(s) of grass windlestrawa1000 bennet1669 bent1834 c1425 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 644 Hoc gramen, a bent. 1547 A. Borde Breuiary of Helthe i. f. Cxiiiiv Vse no olde rysshes nor bents in the house. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 216 Rushes or bents. 1625 F. Bacon Ess. (new ed.) xlvi. 270 The dust of a Bent. 1785 W. Cowper Task v. 22 The bents, And coarser grass, upspearing o'er the rest. 1834 R. Mudie Feathered Tribes Brit. Islands I. 292 The nest is formed of bents, or other plants growing near the sea. a1847 M. M. Sherwood Visit Grandpa 21 His foot caught in a bent, and he fell. 1864 F. Palgrave Hist. Normandy & Eng. IV. 61 The bents and sedges where the ox could not feed were excluded from the ox gang. [Cf. sense 5]. b. collectively. Cf. grass n.1 1a. Π 1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Fi/2 Bent, smal rushes, Iuneus. 1579 T. North tr. Plutarch Liues 473 He..couered him with a great deale of reede and bent. 1777 J. Lightfoot Flora Scotica I. 107 [Arundo arenaria] Sea Reed-Grass. Anglis. Bent. Scotis. Muran. Gaulis. 1791 ‘T. Newte’ Prospects & Observ. Tour 152 It had been the custom to pull up the bent, a long spiry grass, near the shore. a1797 E. Burke Thoughts on Scarcity (1800) 34 The rye-grass, or coarse bent, suffered more than the clover. 1848 W. Gardiner Flora Forfar. 194 It [Ammophila arundina] is termed Bent, and..is valuable in binding the loose sand. 1882 Hist. Berwickshire Naturalists' Club 9 iii. 463 There is a considerable ascent over ground rough with bent (Nardus stricta). ΘΠ the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > an assemblage or collection > [noun] > bundle > of straw, reeds, etc. wasea1400 bent1597 1597 J. Gerard Herball i. 8 Pannicke grasse..is called..in English a Bent, or Feather-top grasse. 2. a. The stiff flower-stalk of grasses. (In this sense bennet prevails in the southern counties.) ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > a grass or grasses > [noun] > part of bladec1450 grass root1474 bent1577 chat1601 grasstop1659 knee1678 locusta1707 straw1776 spikelet1793 strap1793 sheath-scale1796 spiket1796 stragule1821 scutellum1832 scobina1839 rachilla1842 chaff-scale1856 coleorhiza1866 hypoblast1882 lemma1906 1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry i. f. 45 The time of cutting of it [sc. grass], is when the Bent beginneth to fade and waxe stiffe, and before it wyther. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 273 It hath certain little husks or cods hanging by small bents. 1752 E. Lisle Observ. Husb. 308 The grass will not grow afresh, unless the dying bennets be cut off. (Gloss.) Bennets, bents, Spiry grass running to seed. 1881 R. Jefferies Wood Magic 1 Then he drew forth a bennet from its sheath. b. ‘Applied usually to the old stalks of various grasses.’ Britten and Holland. Π 1827 J. Keble Christian Year II. lx. 76 Through wither'd bents. 1848 C. Kingsley Saint's Trag. ii. viii. 106 Mow the dry bents down. 1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. I. 135 Bents, a common country name for the dried stalks or culms of various grasses occurring in pastures. c. The stalks and seeding heads of two species of Plantain ( Plantago major and lanceolata); in East Yorkshire, the dry stalks of Hypochaeris radicata. Britten and Holland. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Plantaginaceae > [noun] > parts of bent1612 cock's head1787 benting1802 kemp1825 1612 G. Chapman Widdowes Teares iv. sig. G4 As a Mower sweepes off t'heads of Bents. 1655 T. Moffett & C. Bennet Healths Improvem. xi. 90 [Birds] that feed upon good corn, bents, or wholesome seeds. 3. In English Botany, the name of the genus Agrostis. More fully bent-grass n. at Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > a grass or grasses > [noun] > bent or agrostis Agrostis1597 corn-grass1597 marsh bent1764 bent1796 fiorin1809 wind-grass1847 1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) I. 186 Many species of Bent (Agrostis), particularly the Rhode Island Bent (Agrostis interrupta). 1829 J. C. Loudon Encycl. Plants 56 A[grostis] vulgaris..is the most common and earliest of the bents. 4. star bent n. (also stool bent) Juncus squarrosus, Psamma arenaria. sweet bent n. Luzula campestris. way bent n. Hordeum murinum. white bent n. (also wire bent) Nardus stricta. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > a grass or grasses > [noun] > hordeum grasses wild rye?a1500 way bent1597 rye grass1633 squirrel-tail grass1777 squirrel-tail1796 mouse barley1800 the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > a grass or grasses > [noun] > mat-grass white bent1620 wire bent1756 mat-grass1777 nardus1777 nard1866 small matweed1866 1597 J. Gerard Herball i. 67 Wilde Barly, called..after old English writers, Way Bennet. 1620 G. Markham Farwell to Husbandry xv. 138 These mats should rather be made of dry white bents, then of flags and bul-rush. II. Senses relating to where such grasses are found. 5. a. A place covered with grass, as opposed to a wood; a bare field, a grassy plain, unenclosed pasture-land, a heath. Of northern origin. In Middle English the stock poetic word for ‘the field’ (of battle), Latin campus, due partly at least to its alliteration with battle, bicker, bide, brush, busk, bleed, bold, bale, etc. Used by some modern poets. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > fertile land or place > land with vegetation > [noun] > grassland wong971 greenc1225 clowrec1350 bentc1360 swarth?a1400 flaughtc1400 grassa1500 sward?1507 greenswarda1522 sward-earth1541 swarf1599 over-swarth1649 lawn1674 sod1729 swath1776 spine1786 swad1877 turfage1899 padang1909 c1360 Song of Merci in Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 118 Lyouns raumpyng vppon bente. c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) l. 1675 As best, byte on þe bent of braken & erbes. 1420 Siege Rouen in Archæol. XXI. 51 Buschys, brerys, and bowys they brent, They made hyt bare as evyr was bent. 1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) I. 152 Thre litill battellis buskit on the bent. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy iv. 1192 Bothe batels on bent brusshet to-gedur. a1552 J. Leland De Rebus Brit. Collectanea (1715) I. i. 232 They mette at a bent by Bourne at a bridge ende a litle from Ludlowe. 1552 D. Lindsay Dreme 919 We saw a boustius berne cum ouir ye bent. c1560 Hunting Cheviot in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1889) III. vi. 307 Bomen byckarte vppone the bent with ther browd aros cleare. 1664 Floddan Field ix. 84 [Three lords] Upon the bent did breathlesse bide. 1808 W. Scott Marmion iv. xxv. 213 Since Marmion..saw that martial scene Upon the bent so brown. 1858 C. Kingsley Ode N.E. Wind 32 On by holt and headland, Over heath and bent. b. to flee, go, take to the bent: to escape to the moors or the open country, e.g. to avoid danger, creditors, etc. ΘΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > go away [verb (intransitive)] > run away or flee > to the moors to flee, go, take to the bent1724 1724 A. Ramsay Henryson's Lyon & Mous in Ever Green I. 196 And he start up annone, And thankit them; syn to the Bent is gane [?a1500 on his way is gone]. 1725 A. Ramsay Gentle Shepherd i. ii Wi' gloomin' brow, the laird seeks in his rent; It's no to gie; your merchant's to the bent. 1817 W. Scott Rob Roy II. xii. 259 Take the bent, Mr. Rashleigh. Make ae pair o' legs worth twa pair o' hands. 6. ? A hillside, rising ground, slope, brae. (Perhaps because these were the localities naturally left in permanent pasture; but the sense is doubtful.) Only in southern writers. (Cf. bent n.2) ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > rising ground or eminence > [noun] link931 rise1240 motea1300 bentc1405 mote-hill1475 territory1477 height1487 rising1548 raising1572 linch1591 mount1591 swelling1630 up1637 vertex1641 advance1655 ascendant1655 eminency1662 ascent1663 eminence1670 swell1764 elevation1799 embreastment1799 upwith1819 lift1825 salita1910 turtle-back1913 upwarp1917 upslope1920 whaleback1928 c1405 (c1385) G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 1123 And downward on an hil vnder a bente Ther stood the temple of Mars Armypotente. c1560 (a1500) Squyr Lowe Degre (Copland) 65 In to that arber wolde he go, And vnder a bente he layde hym lowe. 1600 E. Fairfax tr. T. Tasso Godfrey of Bulloigne xx. ix. 365 To the left wing, spred vnderneath the bent Of the steepe hill. 1870 W. Morris Earthly Paradise I. i. 320 Worn out, he fell beneath a woody bent. 1876 W. Morris Story of Sigurd i. 19 They came to the topmost of a certain grassy bent. Compounds C1. General attributive. bent-mat n. ΘΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > floor-covering > [noun] > mat > types of tatami1614 bent-mat1615 bass-mat1727 bump1835 bast mat1837 parawai1847 brocade-matting1902 hooked mat1917 sit-mat1924 1615 G. Markham Eng. House-wife (1668) ii. vii. 163 Bent Mats, where one bent or straw is laid by another, and so woven together with a good strong pack-thread. bent-rope n. bent-stalk n. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > a grass or grasses > reedy or aquatic grasses > [noun] > parts of reed spearc1430 flag-root1707 bent-stalk1821 blackheads1850 1821 J. Clare Village Minstrel II. 144 Slender bent-stalks topt with feathery down. C2. bent-grass n. = bent n.1 (sense 1), esp. in English Bot. the genus Agrostis. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > a grass or grasses > reedy or aquatic grasses > [noun] > bent grass, rush, or sedge sedgec1000 flaga1387 sniddlea1400 bentc1425 helm1640 marram1640 beach-grass1681 spreta1700 bent-grass1777 marsh grass1785 sea-grass1791 sedge-grass1847 sand grass1856 1777 J. Lightfoot Flora Scotica I. 93 [Agrostis canina] Brown Bent-Grass. Anglis. 1854 H. Miller My Schools & Schoolmasters (1858) 458 Tufts of the bent-grass (Arundo arenaria, common here, as in all sandy wastes). 1884 Weekly Times 19 Sept. 5/2 Planting bent grass along the sea-shore to check the drifting by the Sands. bent-land n. land covered with stiff grass, reeds, etc. ΘΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > fertile land or place > land with vegetation > [noun] > grassland > types of links1487 sward1513 machair1692 scurf1708 sweet-veld1785 stone-turf1797 sour veld1801 undergrass1838 bent-land1883 undersward1883 turf-line1935 1883 Birmingh. Weekly Post 1/5 A ‘Golf Club’ which..wields its clubs on the sandy bentlands near Bawdsey Ferry, close by. bent-star n. [ < Old Norse störr, genitive starar, Swedish starr ‘bent-grass, carex’] the Sea Bent or Sea Reed Grass ( Psamma arenaria): cf. sense 4. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > a grass or grasses > reedy or aquatic grasses > [noun] > sea bent or sea reed grass sea-reedc1550 sea-bent1562 sea matweed1597 sea reed-grass1777 sand-reed1805 bent-star1822 sea matgrass1840 sand-sedge1842 sand-oat1881 1822 J. Platts Bk. Curiosities 523 Known to the Highlanders by the name of muran, and to the English by that of bent-star. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online March 2022). bentn.2 1. A curved position or form; curvature, bending degree of curvature. Also figurative. (Now rare.) ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > curvature > [noun] curvation?a1425 curvity?a1425 curvaturea1460 bent1541 bend1597 curvedness1598 flexure1628 incurvation1647 compassedness1652 deflexure1656 flexion1656 curvilinearity1756 deflection1821 wind1825 inflection1837 1541 T. Elyot Image of Gouernance xxvii. f. 60 For the Theatre was a place made in the fourme of a bowe that hath a great bente. 1610 J. Guillim Display of Heraldrie ii. v. 49 I find the Bend drawne somewhat Archwise or after the resemblance of the Bent of a Bow. 1756 W. Borlase in Philos. Trans. 1755 (Royal Soc.) 49 375 I attribute it to..the bent of the western land. 1860 Heads & Hats 20 With trifling modification of brim and bent and height of crown, we retain the thing [hat] in all its offensive characteristics! ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > curvature > [noun] > a curve > curved part crooka1398 bowing1519 bending?1523 roundinga1582 bent1587 bendc1600 1587 L. Mascall First Bk. Cattell iii. (Hogges) 275 Hard vnto the bent of the staple. 1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 402 Ouerthwart the bent of the [horse's] knee. 1653 I. Walton Compl. Angler 111 Make these fast at the bent of the hook. View more context for this quotation ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > curvature > [noun] > a curve > curved thing bow1387 bent1521 boula1522 1521 Will of Helynnor Pylbarowgh (P.R.O.: PROB. 11/20) f. 105v Gown whiche I ware every daye with a bent of velvett to the skyrte. 1588 W. Averell Meruailous Combat of Contrarieties sig. B Their bents of Whale bone to beare out their bummes. 1607 T. Middleton Michaelmas Terme i. sig. B4 Wires, & tyres, bents and bums, felts and falls. 1677 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Oxford-shire 84 Clay thus pretily dispersed in the form of a bent. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > curvature > [noun] > action or process crookc1330 bowinga1398 bending1398 embowing1430 inflection1531 bent1567 curving1594 flexure1600 curbing1601 crooking1607 incurvation1608 1567 Triall of Treasure sig. B It is I that doe guyde the bente of your bowe. 1589 R. Greene Menaphon sig. I2 With reuerence and lowlie bent of knee. 1642 D. Rogers Naaman To Rdr. sig. B2 Rather then shee will come to the bent of Gods bow. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > [noun] > bending down stooping1398 inclining?a1425 bent1584 bending1597 bowing1617 deflection1665 1584 T. Lodge Delect. Hist. Forbonius & Prisceria 22 b With..a seemely bent, as requiting his curtesie. 1598 G. Chapman tr. Homer Seauen Bks. Iliades ii. 95 To vow, and bind it with the bent Of his high forehead. 1713 Countess of Winchilsea Misc. Poems 231 In vain the shrubs, with lowly bent, Sought their Destruction to prevent. 6. a. The condition of being deflected, inclined, or turned in some direction; a turn, twist, inclination; direction given by bending; cast (of the eye), etc. Usually figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > tendency > [noun] kinda1200 disposingc1380 disposition1393 aptc1400 hieldc1400 remotiona1425 inclination?a1439 incliningc1450 taste1477 intendment1509 benta1535 swing1538 approclivity1546 aptness1548 swinge1548 drift1549 set1567 addiction1570 disposedness1583 swaya1586 leaning1587 intention1594 inflection1597 inclinableness1608 appetite1626 vogue1626 tendency1628 tendence1632 aptitude1633 gravitation1644 propension1644 biasing1645 conducement1646 flexure1652 propendency1660 tend1663 vergencya1665 pend1674 to have a way of1748 polarity1767 appetency1802 drive1885 overleaning1896 a1535 T. More Dialoge of Comfort (1553) ii. xix. sig. M.iiv For a lytle comforte is bente inough thereto for them. 1597 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie v. xxii. 41 The wilfull bent of their obstinate harts against it. a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) ii. i. 209 I can giue his humour the true bent . View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) i. i. 13 They weare their faces to the bent Of the Kings lookes. View more context for this quotation 1664 J. Nalton in C. H. Spurgeon Treasury of David (1872) III. Ps. lxxvii. 10 The bent of it [a magnet] will be toward the North Pole. 1693 J. Dryden tr. Persius Satires v. 53 in Wks. (1882–92) My reason took the bent of thy command. a1704 J. Locke Thoughts on Conduct of Understanding (1754) §19 The exercising the understanding..teacheth the mind suppleness, to apply itself more dexterously to bents and turns of the matter, in all its researches. 1713 R. Steele in Guardian 28 Mar. 1/1 To cross the Bent of a young Lady's Genius. 1820 W. Irving Sketch Bk. I. 328 To follow the bent of her own taste. 1875 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) II. 281 To counteract wholly the bent of natural character. b. esp. Mental inclination or tendency; disposition; propensity, bias. The usual modern sense. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > disposition or character > [noun] heartOE erda1000 moodOE i-mindOE i-cundeOE costc1175 lundc1175 evena1200 kinda1225 custc1275 couragec1300 the manner ofc1300 qualityc1300 talentc1330 attemperancec1374 complexionc1386 dispositiona1387 propertyc1390 naturea1393 assay1393 inclinationa1398 gentlenessa1400 proprietya1400 habitudec1400 makingc1400 conditionc1405 habitc1405 conceitc1425 affecta1460 ingeny1477 engine1488 stomach?1510 mind?a1513 ingine1533 affection1534 vein1536 humour?1563 natural1564 facultyc1565 concept1566 frame1567 temperature1583 geniusa1586 bent1587 constitution1589 composition1597 character1600 tune1600 qualification1602 infusion1604 spirits1604 dispose1609 selfness1611 disposure1613 composurea1616 racea1616 tempera1616 crasisc1616 directiona1639 grain1641 turn1647 complexure1648 genie1653 make1674 personality1710 tonea1751 bearing1795 liver1800 make-up1821 temperament1821 naturalness1850 selfhood1854 Wesen1854 naturel1856 sit1857 fibre1864 character structure1873 mentality1895 mindset1909 psyche1910 where it's (he's, she's) at1967 1587 J. Hooker Chron. Ireland 155/1 in Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) II He saw the bent and disposition of the earle. 1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning i. sig. E3v The whole inclination and bent of those times. View more context for this quotation 1692 R. South 12 Serm. I. 485 Bents, and Propensities, and Inclinations, will not do the Business. 1763 H. Walpole Vertue's Anecd. Painting III. i. 47 He knew he did not like to be a carpenter, but had not discovered his own bent. 1840 Arnold in Life & Corr. (1844) II. ix. 200 If your bent seems to be to the work of a Missionary. c. †Phrase. to bring any one to, or have him at, one's bent. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > authority > control > [verb (transitive)] > have complete control over windc1374 to bring (a person) above the thumb1469 to have to mastery1480 to have at one's beck1530 to turn and wind1557 to bring any one to, or have him at, one's bent1575 to turn over the thumb1603 to lead in a stringc1616 to hold at school1647 to wind (a person, etc.) round one's (little) finger1698 to twirl (a person) round one's finger1748 to twist (a person) round one's finger1780 to play with ——1827 to have (one) on toast1886 to have (got) by the balls1918 to have the wood onc1926 society > authority > subjection > subjecting or subjugation > subject [verb (transitive)] > make obedient > to one's will to bring any one to, or have him at, one's bent1575 to wrap (also wind, twist, turn, etc.) (a person) round one's finger1713 1575 G. Gascoigne Noble Arte Venerie xliii. 136 Such toyles and toyes, as hunters vse, to bring me to their bents. 1658 J. Bramhall Consecration Protestant Bishops Justified iv. 59 That by this meanes they should..bring the Queene to their bent. 1660 Scutum Regale: Royal Buckler 286 They would have had the King buckled to their bent. d. Tendency of motion, course, ‘set’ of a current. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > tendency > [noun] > course or direction current1607 generalitiesa1628 bent1649 duct1650 turn1690 run1699 movement1789 swim1869 trend1884 1649 J. Milton Tenure of Kings 35 The whole bent of thir actions had..bin against the King. 1817 W. Wordsworth Lament Mary Q. Scots A sister Queen, against the bent Of law and holiest sympathy, Detains me. 1855 M. Arnold Sonn. to G. Cruikshank Man can control To pain, to death, the bent of his own days. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > intention > [noun] > intention or purpose > end, purpose, or object willeOE errand?c1225 purposec1300 endc1305 emprisec1330 intentc1340 use1340 conclusionc1374 studya1382 pointc1385 causec1386 gamea1393 term?c1400 businessc1405 finec1405 intentionc1410 object?a1425 obtent?a1475 drift1526 intend1526 respect1528 flight1530 finality?1541 stop1551 scope1559 butt?1571 bent1579 aiming point1587 pursuitc1592 aim1595 devotion1597 meaning1605 maina1610 attempt1610 design1615 purport1616 terminusa1617 intendment1635 pretence1649 ettle1790 big (also great) idea1846 objective1878 objective1882 the name of the game1910 the object of the exercise1958 thrust1968 1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. Ded. For, not marking the compasse of his bent, he will iudge of the length of his cast. 1594 R. Carew tr. J. Huarte Exam. Mens Wits x. 141 The oratour..it behooueth..to vse rules..to the end the hearers may not smell out his fetch and bent. 1803 T. R. Malthus Ess. Princ. Population (new ed.) iv. xi. 591 The principal bent of this work. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > vigour or energy > [noun] > concentrated energy bent1581 bottled lightning1899 1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius 454 He rusheth upon Haddon with all the bent of his Eloquence. 1690 J. Norris Christian Blessedness 107 Such a desire as carries in it, the full bent and stress of the Soul. 1745 E. Young Complaint: Night the Eighth 40 False Joys, indeed, are born from Want of Thought; From Thought's full Bent, and Energy, the True. 9. Extent to which a bow may be bent or a spring wound up, degree of tension; hence degree of endurance, capacity for taking in or receiving; limit of capacity, etc. Now only in the Shakespearean phrase: to the top of one's bent, or the like. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > decision > constancy or steadfastness > [noun] > capacity for moral effort or endurance thildc950 strengthOE dureec1330 rankc1400 tolerance1412 adamant1445 toleration1531 validity1578 durance1579 bent1604 strongness1650 duress1651 strength1667 durableness1740 stamina1803 willpower1842 backbone1843 thewness1860 sand1867 upbearing1885 wiriness1892 gut1893 sisu1926 1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet iii. ii. 372 They foole me to the top of my bent . View more context for this quotation 1605 M. Drayton Poems sig. Cc3v Beyond the bent of his vnknowing sight. 1641 J. Milton Of Reformation 1 Suffering to the lowest bent of weaknesse, in the Flesh, and presently triumphing to the highest pitch of glory, in the Spirit. 1871 S. Smiles Character vi. 178 He flattered French vanity to the top of its bent. 1871 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues I. 687 When you have allowed me to add μηχανὴ (contrivance) to τέχνη (art) I shall be at the top of my bent. 10. Technical uses, of various origin. Building, Carpentry, etc.: a section of a framework or framed building. (Originally U.S.). ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > card or cards > [noun] > folded card bent1674 society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > framework of building > [noun] > members of pan1284 balka1300 lacec1330 pautre1360 dorman1374 rib1378 montant1438 dormant?1454 transom1487 ground-pillar?a1500 barge-couple1562 spar foot1579 frankpost1587 tracing1601 sleeper1607 bressumer1611 master-beam1611 muntin1611 discharge1620 dormer1623 mounting post1629 tassel1632 baufrey1640 pier1663 storey post1663 breastplate?1667 mudsill1685 template1700 brow-post1706 brow-stone1761 runner1772 stretching beam1776 pole plate1787 sabliere1800 frame stud1803 bent1815 mounting1819 bond-timber1823 storey rod1823 wall-hold1833 wall-strap1833 truss-block1883 sleeper-beam1937 shell1952 society > occupation and work > equipment > building and constructing equipment > fastenings > [noun] > lock > part of lock > other parts of lock pin1678 reliever1801 locking plate1868 clawa1877 bent1881 1674 Cotton in Singer Researches Hist. Playing Cards 343 First, for cutting be sure of a good putt-card, they use the bent, the slick, and the breef; the bent is a card bended in play which you cut. 1815 Niles' Reg. 9 200/2 On each of them [sc. the floats] were raised two bents or frames. 1815 Niles' Reg. 9 200/2 This made sixteen bents, on which the grand and enormous structure was raised. 1824 T. Hogg Conc. & Pract. Treat. Carnation (ed. 3) 23 Veins of rust or oxyde of iron..in soil..[are] called by farmers, till or fox bent. a1877 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. I. Bent, one section of the frame of a building, which is put together on the ground..and then raised. 1881 W. W. Greener Gun & its Devel. 245 A very old smooth file, worn almost to a burnisher, is used to finish the bents and bearings of the lock. 1881 W. W. Greener Gun & its Devel. 263 The sear may then be lifted off, if the tumbler is not in bent. 1898 Engin. Mag. 16 91 The cradle is composed of forty-three inverted bents, twelve feet apart. 1952 Archit. Rev. 111 179 At the top of the boom may be seen the steel cables, attached to the [timber] bent. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online June 2022). bentadj. 1. a. Constrained into a curve, as a strung bow; curved, crooked, deflected from the straight line. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > curvature > [adjective] crooked?c1225 roundc1300 ybentc1330 bentc1374 cambera1387 curvate?a1425 curve?a1425 curved?a1425 bowingc1440 crumped1480 bowed1483 bended1495 bowlanda1522 compass?1523 curbed?1541 compassed1551 compassing1576 curvated1598 orbed1598 curving1609 ridgill-backed1611 incurved1623 inflected1646 incurvate1647 curvous1661 incurvated1665 swayed1688 bending1697 circumflex1707 curval1730 sweeping1772 bendy1800 curvatureda1810 curvative1846 hooped1852 swept1903 c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde iii. 575 The Bente Mone with her hornys pale. 1483 Cath. Angl. 28 Bent as a bowe, extensus. ?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. iiv A bende pese of yron. 1656 tr. T. Hobbes Elements Philos. iv. xxviii. 355 The particles of the bended Body, whilest it is held bent. 1828 R. Knox tr. H. Cloquet Syst. Human Anat. 138 The two bones..constitute a bent and horizontal lever. 1879 F. W. Farrar Life & Work St. Paul I. viii. xxviii. 556 That bent and weary Jew. b. bent brow: an arched eyebrow (obsolete); a wrinkled or knit brow. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > hair > eyebrow > [noun] overbrowOE breec1275 bryn1330 bent browc1380 superciliuma1398 brow1398 eyebrowa1450 winbrow?1473 beetle1532 eye-bree1543 bow1729 arch-brow1741 bush1859 the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > forehead > [noun] > as seat of expression > contracted or contraction bent brow1633 gather1893 knit1895 c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 1074 A wel schape man was hee. With Browes bente & eȝen stoute. c1400 Rom. Rose 861 Bent were hir browis two, Hir yen greye, & glad also. 1633 Earl of Strafford Let. 15 Jan. (1739) I. 179 This bent and ill favoured Brow of mine. 1853 E. Bulwer-Lytton My Novel I. ii. vii. 189 The sad gaze of the Parson, the bent brow of the Squire. c. Forming part of the name of various modifications of tools or apparatus which have the blade, or other part bent to adapt them to special purposes: as bent-gauge, bent-gouge, bent-graver, bent-rasp, which have a bent or curved blade; bent-lever n. a lever of the first kind, whose arms form an angle with each other, as a bell-crank lever. bent-lever balance n. a balance having a short bent arm bearing a scale, and a long weighted arm the leverage of which increases as it ascends, ending in an index pointing to divisions in a graduated arc. d. In the names of articles, work, etc., in which the materials are bent to shape, as bent iron work n. the making of ornamental ironwork as a home occupation, by bending strips of iron to form the various parts of the design; also, the ornamental ironwork thus made. bent-panel n. one that is bent to shape instead of framed; in quot. attributive. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > artistic work in metal > [noun] > other decorative metalwork link-work1530 frost1702 rullion1707 bent iron work1902 wriggled work1906 tole1946 wriggle-work1960 society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > cart, carriage, or wagon > cart or wagon for conveying goods > [noun] > types of > cart (usually two-wheeled) > drawn by dogs > part of bent-panel1909 1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products Bent-timber Manufacturer, a shaper of timber by steam and pressure. 1902 P. N. Hasluck (title) Bent Iron Work. 1909 Stratford-on-Avon Herald 7 May 4/3 For sale, excellent Bent-panel dog cart. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > undertaking > preparation > [adjective] > prepared or ready i-radc888 yarec888 i-redec1000 i-redya1175 boundc1175 graith?c1225 aready1250 alreadyc1275 readyc1275 armedc1300 prestc1300 bentc1330 ripec1330 purveyed1435 mature?1440 apt1474 habile1485 in (a) case to (also for)1523 provided1533 in procinct1540 weeping-ripe1548 furnished1553 fit1569 preta1600 expedite1604 predy1613 procinct1618 foreprepared1642 presto1644 apparated1663 (ready) in one's gears1664 fallow1850 standby1893 organized1926 (to be) all set1949 the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > appetite > hunger > [adjective] > hungry hungryc950 hungering971 hollow1362 eagera1475 empty?1490 ahungrya1500 sharp-set1540 greedlya1546 anhungry1578 starveling1578 belly-pinched1608 mad-hungry1608 jejunea1620 sharp-bent1675 sharp1678 nithered1691 peckish1714 stomach-tight1718 yap1768 yaupish1789 picksome1847 c1330 Arth. & Merl. 1486 To dragouns ther layen y-bent. c1500 Rob. Hood (Ritson) i. ii. 57 Robin howt with a swerd bent, A bokeler en hes honde [therto]. 1633 P. Fletcher Purple Island xi. v. 147 Stood at the Castles gate, now ready bent To sally out. 1675 W. Wycherley Country-wife v. 91 Ceremony and expectation are unsufferable to those that are sharp bent; people always eat with the best stomach at an ordinary. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > decision > resolution or determination > [adjective] stallc1275 unflichinga1340 adviseda1393 affirmed1440 constant1481 resolved1518 resolute1522 well-settled?1532 ratified1533 unbashed1536 bent1548 well-resolved1565 unabashed1571 determinate1587 undaunted1587 peremptory1589 confirmed1594 decretal1608 pight1608 intent1610 definitivea1616 unshrinkinga1616 naylessa1618 pitched1642 decisive1658 martyrly1659 certain1667 fell1667 decretory1674 martyrial1678 decretorian1679 invariable1696 unflinching1728 hell-bent1731 decided1767 determined1773 iron-headed1787 adamantine1788 unwincing1802 stick-at-nothing1805 adamant1816 hard-set1818 rock-like1833 bound1844 do-or-die1851 unbased1860 focused1888 capable de tout1899 purposive1903 go-for-broke1946 hard rock1947 take-no-shit1992 1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Matt. xxvi. 116 With bent myndes had conspired the death. a1568 R. Ascham Scholemaster (1570) i. f. 29 The bent enemie against God and good order. 1645 S. Rutherford Tryal & Trivmph of Faith (1845) 66 With a bent affection. 1663 Marquis of Worcester Cent. Names & Scantlings Inventions 2nd. Ded. (ad fin.) My Lords and Gentlemen, Your most passionately-bent Fellow-Subject. 1737 L. Clarke Compl. Hist. Bible I. ix. 579 Being bent to have his Revenge on the Inhabitants of Ptolemais. 4. Directed in a course, on one's way, bound. ΘΚΠ society > travel > aspects of travel > travel in specific course or direction > [adjective] boundc1400 bent1697 destinedc1790 city-bound1844 space-bound1955 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics i, in tr. Virgil Wks. 58 Nor must the Ploughman less observe the Skies..Than Saylors homeward bent . View more context for this quotation 5. figurative (cf. crooked adj. 3). In various slang uses: a. Dishonest, ‘crooked’, criminal. Also as n. originally U.S. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > wrongdoing > crookedness > [adjective] crooked?c1225 sinister?1455 indirect1570 undirect1594 involved1612 obliquous1614 unstraight1650 back-handed1800 tortuous1801 twistical1805 louche1819 hooky-crooky1833 underhand1842 twisty1857 underhanded1864 bent1914 society > morality > moral evil > lack of principle or integrity > [adjective] > dishonest manOE unjustc1400 bribing1530 unhonest1545 makeshift1592 sinistrous1600 horse-fair1606 under-honest1609 dishonest1611 one-eyed1833 shystering1860 cross1882 crook1911 bent1914 fly-by-night1914 crookish1927 shyster1943 shonky1970 1914 L. E. Jackson & C. R. Hellyer Vocab. Criminal Slang 17 Bent, crooked; larcenous. Example: His kisser shows that he's bent. 1948 Sunday Pictorial 29 Aug. 6/5 A ‘bent screw’..a crooked warder who is prepared to traffic with a prisoner. 1958 Times 14 Feb. 3/5 What made the witness think the two officers were offering a bribe? Mitchell replied, ‘I had known for years that certain members of the Brighton police force were what we call bent.’ 1958 Times 14 Feb. 3/5 There were plenty of ways in which bents could help. 1963 Times 2 Feb. 9/6 Successful crime preventing does not make criminals give up; they simply change their methods, or as Mr. Brown said: ‘They stay bent but alter their tactics.’ b. Illegal; stolen. Originally U.S. ΘΚΠ society > law > rule of law > illegality > [adjective] unleefula1382 unlawfula1387 wrongfulc1386 unleesomec1400 unlisible?c1425 wrong1480 unlegitimate1602 illicit1606 illegal1626 non licet1628 adulterine1640 unlegal1640 illegitimate1645 illegitime1669 wrongous1671 contraband1686 illicitous1693 sly1829 unprocedural1929 bent1930 bust-out1934 bandulu1980 1930 E. H. Lavine Third Degree (1931) iv. 39 For having sold a stolen or bent car to a complainant. 1955 P. Wildeblood Against Law 151 He had got a short sentence for receiving stolen goods, which he swore he had not known to be ‘bent’. c. Of things: out of order, spoiled. Of persons: eccentric, perverted; spec. homosexual (also as n.). (In quot. 1958 ‘faithless’.) ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > disadvantage > uselessness > [adjective] > unserviceable > by having ceased to function broken-down1816 napoo1915 spitchered1920 kaput1924 bent1957 1930 J. Brophy & E. Partridge Songs & Slang Brit. Soldier: 1914–1918 (ed. 2) 210 Bent, spoiled, ruined, e.g. ‘a good man bent’ or even ‘good tea bent’. 1942 L. V. Berrey & M. Van den Bark Amer. Thes. Slang §143/4 Eccentric. Balmy, bats, bent, [etc.]. 1942 L. V. Berrey & M. Van den Bark Amer. Thes. Slang §152/5 Insane; crazy... bent. 1956 I. Asimov Nine Tomorrows (1963) iii. 87 He's gone crazy... He was always a little bent. Now he's broken. 1957 C. F. Rawnsley & R. Wright Night Fighter v. 75 Whenever a set became unserviceable in the air the code word used to notify ground control was to say that the weapon was ‘bent’. 1957 A. Wilson Bit off Map & Other Stories 29 ‘I shouldn't think you did know any Teddy boys, but if you did, I know what they'd call you—a f— bent, see.’..Mr. Fleet..reddened with fury; his reputation as a womaniser was known to everyone. 1958 F. Norman Bang to Rights iii. 72 My bird's gone bent... She went case with some geezer now she's liveing [sic] with him. 1959 C. MacInnes Absolute Beginners 64 No one..cares..if you're boy, or girl, or bent, or versatile, or what you are. 1960 F. Raphael Limits of Love i. v. 70 ‘Great thing about gay people...’ ‘Gay?’ Tessa said. ‘Bent, queer, you know. Homosexual.’ Draft additions December 2005 slang (originally and chiefly U.S.). Intoxicated with alcohol or narcotics. Cf. bend v. 23, bender n. 5b. ΚΠ 1833 A. Greene Life Dr Duckworth II. 176 He was seldom downright drunk; but was often..confoundedly bent. 1927 New Republic 9 Mar. 71/2 The following is a partial list of words denoting drunkenness now in common use in the United States..bent. 1968 N. C. Heard Howard St. 161 He was bent, barely able, it seemed, to keep his head up. 1984 E. L. Abel Dict. Drug Abuse Terms 16 Bent, under the influence of a drug. 2000 T. Robbins Fierce Invalids 174 Usually, he only went on like this when he was bent or stoned, and that morning he'd had but one beer with breakfast. [Short for bent out of shape (see to bend (a person) out of shape at bend v. Additions)] U.S. slang. Angry, annoyed, or upset; worked up. Also with out. ΚΠ 1967 Current Slang (Univ. S. Dakota) 2 ii. 5 Bent, angry or extremely displeased. 1970 D. Quammen To walk Line xii. 92 Ain't all them honkies gon' be a little bent out when they see my black ass? 2004 C. Dokey How not to spend your Senior Year 134 Well you don't have to get all bent about it. Draft additions December 2005 Music. Of a note, etc.: altered in pitch or tone, deliberately distorted. Cf. bend v. Additions. ΚΠ 1950 Syracuse (N.Y.) Herald-Jrnl. 30 Mar. 35/1 Frank [Sinatra]..served his customers personality as well as bent notes. 1965 Down Beat 9 Sept. 28 His..solo work..contains some judiciously placed bent tones. 1993 Wire Feb. 57/2 The notes produced by the musicians are so ‘bent’ as to be almost Oriental. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1c1360n.21521adj.c1330 |
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