请输入您要查询的英文单词:

 

单词 bent
释义

bentn.1

Brit. /bɛnt/, U.S. /bɛnt/
Forms: Also bennet.
Etymology: A word of difficult history. In the sense of ‘stiff-grass’ or ‘grass-stalk’ (in which alone the variant bennet occurs), it appears to be the representative of Old English beonet-, found as a frequent element in proper names, as Beonet-léah Bentley (see Index to Cod. Dipl. ævi Saxon.). These names do not show the meaning; but beonet < earlier *binut (with eo as u- umlaut of i), in Old Saxon binet (Schade), is phonetically identical with Old High German binuȥ, Middle High German bineȥ, binȥ (strong masculine), modern German binse ‘rush, reed, stout grass growing in wet places’ < West Germanic *binut, of unknown etymology. But distinct instances of this sense are not found before the 15th cent., while the sense of ‘grassy field or surface’ is common in northern writers from the earliest appearance of northern literature. Whether this is the same word is uncertain: it is possible enough that the plural bents was used for a place where ‘bents’ grew (compare local names like Totley Bents near Sheffield) and that this led to the use of the singular bent as ‘open grassy place.’ They are here united provisionally.
I. Senses relating to varieties of grass, especially reed-grasses.
1. A name given to grass of a reedy or rush-like habit, or which has persistent stiff or rigid stems; also to various grass-like reeds, rushes, sedges, and other plants.Britten and Holland Plant-n. give a long list of grasses and other plants, to which the name, either simply or with attribute, is locally applied: by the seashore it very generally means the Sea Reed Grass, Psamma or Ammophila arenaria, but also Carex arenaria, Elymus arenaria, Triticum junceum, according to locality; on northern moorlands often Juncus squarrosus, but also Nardus stricta, etc.; in some pastoral and hay districts Cynosurus cristatus (‘Hendon Bent’), Agrostis vulgaris; in other localities, Phalaris arundinacea, Scirpas lacustris, or other marsh-grasses, bulrushes, reeds, or sedges: in Chester and Wiltshire, the name is even given to the common heath and ling, perhaps because they grow on bents: cf. ‘heath.’
a. singular ‘bent’; plural ‘bents’.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > a grass or grasses > reedy or aquatic grasses > [noun] > bent grass, rush, or sedge
sedgec1000
flaga1387
sniddlea1400
bentc1425
helm1640
marram1640
beach-grass1681
spreta1700
bent-grass1777
marsh grass1785
sea-grass1791
sedge-grass1847
sand grass1856
the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > a grass or grasses > [noun] > part of > old stalk(s) of grass
windlestrawa1000
bennet1669
bent1834
c1425 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 644 Hoc gramen, a bent.
1547 A. Borde Breuiary of Helthe i. f. Cxiiiiv Vse no olde rysshes nor bents in the house.
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 216 Rushes or bents.
1625 F. Bacon Ess. (new ed.) xlvi. 270 The dust of a Bent.
1785 W. Cowper Task v. 22 The bents, And coarser grass, upspearing o'er the rest.
1834 R. Mudie Feathered Tribes Brit. Islands I. 292 The nest is formed of bents, or other plants growing near the sea.
a1847 M. M. Sherwood Visit Grandpa 21 His foot caught in a bent, and he fell.
1864 F. Palgrave Hist. Normandy & Eng. IV. 61 The bents and sedges where the ox could not feed were excluded from the ox gang. [Cf. sense 5].
b. collectively. Cf. grass n.1 1a.
Π
1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Fi/2 Bent, smal rushes, Iuneus.
1579 T. North tr. Plutarch Liues 473 He..couered him with a great deale of reede and bent.
1777 J. Lightfoot Flora Scotica I. 107 [Arundo arenaria] Sea Reed-Grass. Anglis. Bent. Scotis. Muran. Gaulis.
1791 ‘T. Newte’ Prospects & Observ. Tour 152 It had been the custom to pull up the bent, a long spiry grass, near the shore.
a1797 E. Burke Thoughts on Scarcity (1800) 34 The rye-grass, or coarse bent, suffered more than the clover.
1848 W. Gardiner Flora Forfar. 194 It [Ammophila arundina] is termed Bent, and..is valuable in binding the loose sand.
1882 Hist. Berwickshire Naturalists' Club 9 iii. 463 There is a considerable ascent over ground rough with bent (Nardus stricta).
c. in plural. A bundle of reed-grass. Obsolete.
ΘΠ
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > an assemblage or collection > [noun] > bundle > of straw, reeds, etc.
wasea1400
bent1597
1597 J. Gerard Herball i. 8 Pannicke grasse..is called..in English a Bent, or Feather-top grasse.
2.
a. The stiff flower-stalk of grasses. (In this sense bennet prevails in the southern counties.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > a grass or grasses > [noun] > part of
bladec1450
grass root1474
bent1577
chat1601
grasstop1659
knee1678
locusta1707
straw1776
spikelet1793
strap1793
sheath-scale1796
spiket1796
stragule1821
scutellum1832
scobina1839
rachilla1842
chaff-scale1856
coleorhiza1866
hypoblast1882
lemma1906
1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry i. f. 45 The time of cutting of it [sc. grass], is when the Bent beginneth to fade and waxe stiffe, and before it wyther.
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 273 It hath certain little husks or cods hanging by small bents.
1752 E. Lisle Observ. Husb. 308 The grass will not grow afresh, unless the dying bennets be cut off. (Gloss.) Bennets, bents, Spiry grass running to seed.
1881 R. Jefferies Wood Magic 1 Then he drew forth a bennet from its sheath.
b. ‘Applied usually to the old stalks of various grasses.’ Britten and Holland.
Π
1827 J. Keble Christian Year II. lx. 76 Through wither'd bents.
1848 C. Kingsley Saint's Trag. ii. viii. 106 Mow the dry bents down.
1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. I. 135 Bents, a common country name for the dried stalks or culms of various grasses occurring in pastures.
c. The stalks and seeding heads of two species of Plantain ( Plantago major and lanceolata); in East Yorkshire, the dry stalks of Hypochaeris radicata. Britten and Holland.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Plantaginaceae > [noun] > parts of
bent1612
cock's head1787
benting1802
kemp1825
1612 G. Chapman Widdowes Teares iv. sig. G4 As a Mower sweepes off t'heads of Bents.
1655 T. Moffett & C. Bennet Healths Improvem. xi. 90 [Birds] that feed upon good corn, bents, or wholesome seeds.
3. In English Botany, the name of the genus Agrostis. More fully bent-grass n. at Compounds 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > a grass or grasses > [noun] > bent or agrostis
Agrostis1597
corn-grass1597
marsh bent1764
bent1796
fiorin1809
wind-grass1847
1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) I. 186 Many species of Bent (Agrostis), particularly the Rhode Island Bent (Agrostis interrupta).
1829 J. C. Loudon Encycl. Plants 56 A[grostis] vulgaris..is the most common and earliest of the bents.
4. star bent n. (also stool bent) Juncus squarrosus, Psamma arenaria. sweet bent n. Luzula campestris. way bent n. Hordeum murinum. white bent n. (also wire bent) Nardus stricta.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > a grass or grasses > [noun] > hordeum grasses
wild rye?a1500
way bent1597
rye grass1633
squirrel-tail grass1777
squirrel-tail1796
mouse barley1800
the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > a grass or grasses > [noun] > mat-grass
white bent1620
wire bent1756
mat-grass1777
nardus1777
nard1866
small matweed1866
1597 J. Gerard Herball i. 67 Wilde Barly, called..after old English writers, Way Bennet.
1620 G. Markham Farwell to Husbandry xv. 138 These mats should rather be made of dry white bents, then of flags and bul-rush.
II. Senses relating to where such grasses are found.
5.
a. A place covered with grass, as opposed to a wood; a bare field, a grassy plain, unenclosed pasture-land, a heath. Of northern origin. In Middle English the stock poetic word for ‘the field’ (of battle), Latin campus, due partly at least to its alliteration with battle, bicker, bide, brush, busk, bleed, bold, bale, etc. Used by some modern poets.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > landscape > fertile land or place > land with vegetation > [noun] > grassland
wong971
greenc1225
clowrec1350
bentc1360
swarth?a1400
flaughtc1400
grassa1500
sward?1507
greenswarda1522
sward-earth1541
swarf1599
over-swarth1649
lawn1674
sod1729
swath1776
spine1786
swad1877
turfage1899
padang1909
c1360 Song of Merci in Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 118 Lyouns raumpyng vppon bente.
c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) l. 1675 As best, byte on þe bent of braken & erbes.
1420 Siege Rouen in Archæol. XXI. 51 Buschys, brerys, and bowys they brent, They made hyt bare as evyr was bent.
1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) I. 152 Thre litill battellis buskit on the bent.
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy iv. 1192 Bothe batels on bent brusshet to-gedur.
a1552 J. Leland De Rebus Brit. Collectanea (1715) I. i. 232 They mette at a bent by Bourne at a bridge ende a litle from Ludlowe.
1552 D. Lindsay Dreme 919 We saw a boustius berne cum ouir ye bent.
c1560 Hunting Cheviot in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1889) III. vi. 307 Bomen byckarte vppone the bent with ther browd aros cleare.
1664 Floddan Field ix. 84 [Three lords] Upon the bent did breathlesse bide.
1808 W. Scott Marmion iv. xxv. 213 Since Marmion..saw that martial scene Upon the bent so brown.
1858 C. Kingsley Ode N.E. Wind 32 On by holt and headland, Over heath and bent.
b. to flee, go, take to the bent: to escape to the moors or the open country, e.g. to avoid danger, creditors, etc.
ΘΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > go away [verb (intransitive)] > run away or flee > to the moors
to flee, go, take to the bent1724
1724 A. Ramsay Henryson's Lyon & Mous in Ever Green I. 196 And he start up annone, And thankit them; syn to the Bent is gane [?a1500 on his way is gone].
1725 A. Ramsay Gentle Shepherd i. ii Wi' gloomin' brow, the laird seeks in his rent; It's no to gie; your merchant's to the bent.
1817 W. Scott Rob Roy II. xii. 259 Take the bent, Mr. Rashleigh. Make ae pair o' legs worth twa pair o' hands.
6. ? A hillside, rising ground, slope, brae. (Perhaps because these were the localities naturally left in permanent pasture; but the sense is doubtful.) Only in southern writers. (Cf. bent n.2)
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > rising ground or eminence > [noun]
link931
rise1240
motea1300
bentc1405
mote-hill1475
territory1477
height1487
rising1548
raising1572
linch1591
mount1591
swelling1630
up1637
vertex1641
advance1655
ascendant1655
eminency1662
ascent1663
eminence1670
swell1764
elevation1799
embreastment1799
upwith1819
lift1825
salita1910
turtle-back1913
upwarp1917
upslope1920
whaleback1928
c1405 (c1385) G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 1123 And downward on an hil vnder a bente Ther stood the temple of Mars Armypotente.
c1560 (a1500) Squyr Lowe Degre (Copland) 65 In to that arber wolde he go, And vnder a bente he layde hym lowe.
1600 E. Fairfax tr. T. Tasso Godfrey of Bulloigne xx. ix. 365 To the left wing, spred vnderneath the bent Of the steepe hill.
1870 W. Morris Earthly Paradise I. i. 320 Worn out, he fell beneath a woody bent.
1876 W. Morris Story of Sigurd i. 19 They came to the topmost of a certain grassy bent.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.
bent-mat n.
ΘΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > floor-covering > [noun] > mat > types of
tatami1614
bent-mat1615
bass-mat1727
bump1835
bast mat1837
parawai1847
brocade-matting1902
hooked mat1917
sit-mat1924
1615 G. Markham Eng. House-wife (1668) ii. vii. 163 Bent Mats, where one bent or straw is laid by another, and so woven together with a good strong pack-thread.
bent-rope n.
bent-stalk n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > a grass or grasses > reedy or aquatic grasses > [noun] > parts of
reed spearc1430
flag-root1707
bent-stalk1821
blackheads1850
1821 J. Clare Village Minstrel II. 144 Slender bent-stalks topt with feathery down.
C2.
bent-grass n. = bent n.1 (sense 1), esp. in English Bot. the genus Agrostis.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > a grass or grasses > reedy or aquatic grasses > [noun] > bent grass, rush, or sedge
sedgec1000
flaga1387
sniddlea1400
bentc1425
helm1640
marram1640
beach-grass1681
spreta1700
bent-grass1777
marsh grass1785
sea-grass1791
sedge-grass1847
sand grass1856
1777 J. Lightfoot Flora Scotica I. 93 [Agrostis canina] Brown Bent-Grass. Anglis.
1854 H. Miller My Schools & Schoolmasters (1858) 458 Tufts of the bent-grass (Arundo arenaria, common here, as in all sandy wastes).
1884 Weekly Times 19 Sept. 5/2 Planting bent grass along the sea-shore to check the drifting by the Sands.
bent-land n. land covered with stiff grass, reeds, etc.
ΘΠ
the world > the earth > land > landscape > fertile land or place > land with vegetation > [noun] > grassland > types of
links1487
sward1513
machair1692
scurf1708
sweet-veld1785
stone-turf1797
sour veld1801
undergrass1838
bent-land1883
undersward1883
turf-line1935
1883 Birmingh. Weekly Post 1/5 A ‘Golf Club’ which..wields its clubs on the sandy bentlands near Bawdsey Ferry, close by.
bent-star n. [ < Old Norse störr, genitive starar, Swedish starr ‘bent-grass, carex’] the Sea Bent or Sea Reed Grass ( Psamma arenaria): cf. sense 4.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > a grass or grasses > reedy or aquatic grasses > [noun] > sea bent or sea reed grass
sea-reedc1550
sea-bent1562
sea matweed1597
sea reed-grass1777
sand-reed1805
bent-star1822
sea matgrass1840
sand-sedge1842
sand-oat1881
1822 J. Platts Bk. Curiosities 523 Known to the Highlanders by the name of muran, and to the English by that of bent-star.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

bentn.2

Brit. /bɛnt/, U.S. /bɛnt/
Forms: Also 1500s bente.
Etymology: < bend v.; probably on analogy of words from Latin or French: compare descend, descent, extend, extent; French pendre, pente, rendre, rente. There appears to be no sufficient analogy for its formation from the past participle.Bent of a hill occurs too early to belong to this word, but it was perhaps afterwards confused with it. See bent n.1 6.
1. A curved position or form; curvature, bending degree of curvature. Also figurative. (Now rare.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > curvature > [noun]
curvation?a1425
curvity?a1425
curvaturea1460
bent1541
bend1597
curvedness1598
flexure1628
incurvation1647
compassedness1652
deflexure1656
flexion1656
curvilinearity1756
deflection1821
wind1825
inflection1837
1541 T. Elyot Image of Gouernance xxvii. f. 60 For the Theatre was a place made in the fourme of a bowe that hath a great bente.
1610 J. Guillim Display of Heraldrie ii. v. 49 I find the Bend drawne somewhat Archwise or after the resemblance of the Bent of a Bow.
1756 W. Borlase in Philos. Trans. 1755 (Royal Soc.) 49 375 I attribute it to..the bent of the western land.
1860 Heads & Hats 20 With trifling modification of brim and bent and height of crown, we retain the thing [hat] in all its offensive characteristics!
2. A curved part, a bend, a crook. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > curvature > [noun] > a curve > curved part
crooka1398
bowing1519
bending?1523
roundinga1582
bent1587
bendc1600
1587 L. Mascall First Bk. Cattell iii. (Hogges) 275 Hard vnto the bent of the staple.
1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 402 Ouerthwart the bent of the [horse's] knee.
1653 I. Walton Compl. Angler 111 Make these fast at the bent of the hook. View more context for this quotation
3. A piece bent into a curve; a bow. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > curvature > [noun] > a curve > curved thing
bow1387
bent1521
boula1522
1521 Will of Helynnor Pylbarowgh (P.R.O.: PROB. 11/20) f. 105v Gown whiche I ware every daye with a bent of velvett to the skyrte.
1588 W. Averell Meruailous Combat of Contrarieties sig. B Their bents of Whale bone to beare out their bummes.
1607 T. Middleton Michaelmas Terme i. sig. B4 Wires, & tyres, bents and bums, felts and falls.
1677 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Oxford-shire 84 Clay thus pretily dispersed in the form of a bent.
4. Flexure, bending, crooking. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > curvature > [noun] > action or process
crookc1330
bowinga1398
bending1398
embowing1430
inflection1531
bent1567
curving1594
flexure1600
curbing1601
crooking1607
incurvation1608
1567 Triall of Treasure sig. B It is I that doe guyde the bente of your bowe.
1589 R. Greene Menaphon sig. I2 With reuerence and lowlie bent of knee.
1642 D. Rogers Naaman To Rdr. sig. B2 Rather then shee will come to the bent of Gods bow.
5. Inclination, bowing, stooping, nodding. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > [noun] > bending down
stooping1398
inclining?a1425
bent1584
bending1597
bowing1617
deflection1665
1584 T. Lodge Delect. Hist. Forbonius & Prisceria 22 b With..a seemely bent, as requiting his curtesie.
1598 G. Chapman tr. Homer Seauen Bks. Iliades ii. 95 To vow, and bind it with the bent Of his high forehead.
1713 Countess of Winchilsea Misc. Poems 231 In vain the shrubs, with lowly bent, Sought their Destruction to prevent.
6.
a. The condition of being deflected, inclined, or turned in some direction; a turn, twist, inclination; direction given by bending; cast (of the eye), etc. Usually figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > tendency > [noun]
kinda1200
disposingc1380
disposition1393
aptc1400
hieldc1400
remotiona1425
inclination?a1439
incliningc1450
taste1477
intendment1509
benta1535
swing1538
approclivity1546
aptness1548
swinge1548
drift1549
set1567
addiction1570
disposedness1583
swaya1586
leaning1587
intention1594
inflection1597
inclinableness1608
appetite1626
vogue1626
tendency1628
tendence1632
aptitude1633
gravitation1644
propension1644
biasing1645
conducement1646
flexure1652
propendency1660
tend1663
vergencya1665
pend1674
to have a way of1748
polarity1767
appetency1802
drive1885
overleaning1896
a1535 T. More Dialoge of Comfort (1553) ii. xix. sig. M.iiv For a lytle comforte is bente inough thereto for them.
1597 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie v. xxii. 41 The wilfull bent of their obstinate harts against it.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) ii. i. 209 I can giue his humour the true bent . View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) i. i. 13 They weare their faces to the bent Of the Kings lookes. View more context for this quotation
1664 J. Nalton in C. H. Spurgeon Treasury of David (1872) III. Ps. lxxvii. 10 The bent of it [a magnet] will be toward the North Pole.
1693 J. Dryden tr. Persius Satires v. 53 in Wks. (1882–92) My reason took the bent of thy command.
a1704 J. Locke Thoughts on Conduct of Understanding (1754) §19 The exercising the understanding..teacheth the mind suppleness, to apply itself more dexterously to bents and turns of the matter, in all its researches.
1713 R. Steele in Guardian 28 Mar. 1/1 To cross the Bent of a young Lady's Genius.
1820 W. Irving Sketch Bk. I. 328 To follow the bent of her own taste.
1875 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) II. 281 To counteract wholly the bent of natural character.
b. esp. Mental inclination or tendency; disposition; propensity, bias. The usual modern sense.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > disposition or character > [noun]
heartOE
erda1000
moodOE
i-mindOE
i-cundeOE
costc1175
lundc1175
evena1200
kinda1225
custc1275
couragec1300
the manner ofc1300
qualityc1300
talentc1330
attemperancec1374
complexionc1386
dispositiona1387
propertyc1390
naturea1393
assay1393
inclinationa1398
gentlenessa1400
proprietya1400
habitudec1400
makingc1400
conditionc1405
habitc1405
conceitc1425
affecta1460
ingeny1477
engine1488
stomach?1510
mind?a1513
ingine1533
affection1534
vein1536
humour?1563
natural1564
facultyc1565
concept1566
frame1567
temperature1583
geniusa1586
bent1587
constitution1589
composition1597
character1600
tune1600
qualification1602
infusion1604
spirits1604
dispose1609
selfness1611
disposure1613
composurea1616
racea1616
tempera1616
crasisc1616
directiona1639
grain1641
turn1647
complexure1648
genie1653
make1674
personality1710
tonea1751
bearing1795
liver1800
make-up1821
temperament1821
naturalness1850
selfhood1854
Wesen1854
naturel1856
sit1857
fibre1864
character structure1873
mentality1895
mindset1909
psyche1910
where it's (he's, she's) at1967
1587 J. Hooker Chron. Ireland 155/1 in Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) II He saw the bent and disposition of the earle.
1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning i. sig. E3v The whole inclination and bent of those times. View more context for this quotation
1692 R. South 12 Serm. I. 485 Bents, and Propensities, and Inclinations, will not do the Business.
1763 H. Walpole Vertue's Anecd. Painting III. i. 47 He knew he did not like to be a carpenter, but had not discovered his own bent.
1840 Arnold in Life & Corr. (1844) II. ix. 200 If your bent seems to be to the work of a Missionary.
c. †Phrase. to bring any one to, or have him at, one's bent. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > control > [verb (transitive)] > have complete control over
windc1374
to bring (a person) above the thumb1469
to have to mastery1480
to have at one's beck1530
to turn and wind1557
to bring any one to, or have him at, one's bent1575
to turn over the thumb1603
to lead in a stringc1616
to hold at school1647
to wind (a person, etc.) round one's (little) finger1698
to twirl (a person) round one's finger1748
to twist (a person) round one's finger1780
to play with ——1827
to have (one) on toast1886
to have (got) by the balls1918
to have the wood onc1926
society > authority > subjection > subjecting or subjugation > subject [verb (transitive)] > make obedient > to one's will
to bring any one to, or have him at, one's bent1575
to wrap (also wind, twist, turn, etc.) (a person) round one's finger1713
1575 G. Gascoigne Noble Arte Venerie xliii. 136 Such toyles and toyes, as hunters vse, to bring me to their bents.
1658 J. Bramhall Consecration Protestant Bishops Justified iv. 59 That by this meanes they should..bring the Queene to their bent.
1660 Scutum Regale: Royal Buckler 286 They would have had the King buckled to their bent.
d. Tendency of motion, course, ‘set’ of a current.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > tendency > [noun] > course or direction
current1607
generalitiesa1628
bent1649
duct1650
turn1690
run1699
movement1789
swim1869
trend1884
1649 J. Milton Tenure of Kings 35 The whole bent of thir actions had..bin against the King.
1817 W. Wordsworth Lament Mary Q. Scots A sister Queen, against the bent Of law and holiest sympathy, Detains me.
1855 M. Arnold Sonn. to G. Cruikshank Man can control To pain, to death, the bent of his own days.
7. That towards which an action, etc. is directed; aim, purpose, intention. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > intention > [noun] > intention or purpose > end, purpose, or object
willeOE
errand?c1225
purposec1300
endc1305
emprisec1330
intentc1340
use1340
conclusionc1374
studya1382
pointc1385
causec1386
gamea1393
term?c1400
businessc1405
finec1405
intentionc1410
object?a1425
obtent?a1475
drift1526
intend1526
respect1528
flight1530
finality?1541
stop1551
scope1559
butt?1571
bent1579
aiming point1587
pursuitc1592
aim1595
devotion1597
meaning1605
maina1610
attempt1610
design1615
purport1616
terminusa1617
intendment1635
pretence1649
ettle1790
big (also great) idea1846
objective1878
objective1882
the name of the game1910
the object of the exercise1958
thrust1968
1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. Ded. For, not marking the compasse of his bent, he will iudge of the length of his cast.
1594 R. Carew tr. J. Huarte Exam. Mens Wits x. 141 The oratour..it behooueth..to vse rules..to the end the hearers may not smell out his fetch and bent.
1803 T. R. Malthus Ess. Princ. Population (new ed.) iv. xi. 591 The principal bent of this work.
8. Force with which a bow bent or a spring wound up tends to spring back; hence, impetus, concentrated energy. French élan. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > manner of action > vigour or energy > [noun] > concentrated energy
bent1581
bottled lightning1899
1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius 454 He rusheth upon Haddon with all the bent of his Eloquence.
1690 J. Norris Christian Blessedness 107 Such a desire as carries in it, the full bent and stress of the Soul.
1745 E. Young Complaint: Night the Eighth 40 False Joys, indeed, are born from Want of Thought; From Thought's full Bent, and Energy, the True.
9. Extent to which a bow may be bent or a spring wound up, degree of tension; hence degree of endurance, capacity for taking in or receiving; limit of capacity, etc. Now only in the Shakespearean phrase: to the top of one's bent, or the like.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > decision > constancy or steadfastness > [noun] > capacity for moral effort or endurance
thildc950
strengthOE
dureec1330
rankc1400
tolerance1412
adamant1445
toleration1531
validity1578
durance1579
bent1604
strongness1650
duress1651
strength1667
durableness1740
stamina1803
willpower1842
backbone1843
thewness1860
sand1867
upbearing1885
wiriness1892
gut1893
sisu1926
1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet iii. ii. 372 They foole me to the top of my bent . View more context for this quotation
1605 M. Drayton Poems sig. Cc3v Beyond the bent of his vnknowing sight.
1641 J. Milton Of Reformation 1 Suffering to the lowest bent of weaknesse, in the Flesh, and presently triumphing to the highest pitch of glory, in the Spirit.
1871 S. Smiles Character vi. 178 He flattered French vanity to the top of its bent.
1871 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues I. 687 When you have allowed me to add μηχανὴ (contrivance) to τέχνη (art) I shall be at the top of my bent.
10. Technical uses, of various origin. Building, Carpentry, etc.: a section of a framework or framed building. (Originally U.S.).
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > card or cards > [noun] > folded card
bent1674
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > framework of building > [noun] > members of
pan1284
balka1300
lacec1330
pautre1360
dorman1374
rib1378
montant1438
dormant?1454
transom1487
ground-pillar?a1500
barge-couple1562
spar foot1579
frankpost1587
tracing1601
sleeper1607
bressumer1611
master-beam1611
muntin1611
discharge1620
dormer1623
mounting post1629
tassel1632
baufrey1640
pier1663
storey post1663
breastplate?1667
mudsill1685
template1700
brow-post1706
brow-stone1761
runner1772
stretching beam1776
pole plate1787
sabliere1800
frame stud1803
bent1815
mounting1819
bond-timber1823
storey rod1823
wall-hold1833
wall-strap1833
truss-block1883
sleeper-beam1937
shell1952
society > occupation and work > equipment > building and constructing equipment > fastenings > [noun] > lock > part of lock > other parts of lock
pin1678
reliever1801
locking plate1868
clawa1877
bent1881
1674 Cotton in Singer Researches Hist. Playing Cards 343 First, for cutting be sure of a good putt-card, they use the bent, the slick, and the breef; the bent is a card bended in play which you cut.
1815 Niles' Reg. 9 200/2 On each of them [sc. the floats] were raised two bents or frames.
1815 Niles' Reg. 9 200/2 This made sixteen bents, on which the grand and enormous structure was raised.
1824 T. Hogg Conc. & Pract. Treat. Carnation (ed. 3) 23 Veins of rust or oxyde of iron..in soil..[are] called by farmers, till or fox bent.
a1877 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. I. Bent, one section of the frame of a building, which is put together on the ground..and then raised.
1881 W. W. Greener Gun & its Devel. 245 A very old smooth file, worn almost to a burnisher, is used to finish the bents and bearings of the lock.
1881 W. W. Greener Gun & its Devel. 263 The sear may then be lifted off, if the tumbler is not in bent.
1898 Engin. Mag. 16 91 The cradle is composed of forty-three inverted bents, twelve feet apart.
1952 Archit. Rev. 111 179 At the top of the boom may be seen the steel cables, attached to the [timber] bent.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

bentadj.

Brit. /bɛnt/, U.S. /bɛnt/
Forms: Also 1500s bend(e
Etymology: < bend v.
1.
a. Constrained into a curve, as a strung bow; curved, crooked, deflected from the straight line.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > curvature > [adjective]
crooked?c1225
roundc1300
ybentc1330
bentc1374
cambera1387
curvate?a1425
curve?a1425
curved?a1425
bowingc1440
crumped1480
bowed1483
bended1495
bowlanda1522
compass?1523
curbed?1541
compassed1551
compassing1576
curvated1598
orbed1598
curving1609
ridgill-backed1611
incurved1623
inflected1646
incurvate1647
curvous1661
incurvated1665
swayed1688
bending1697
circumflex1707
curval1730
sweeping1772
bendy1800
curvatureda1810
curvative1846
hooped1852
swept1903
c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde iii. 575 The Bente Mone with her hornys pale.
1483 Cath. Angl. 28 Bent as a bowe, extensus.
?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. iiv A bende pese of yron.
1656 tr. T. Hobbes Elements Philos. iv. xxviii. 355 The particles of the bended Body, whilest it is held bent.
1828 R. Knox tr. H. Cloquet Syst. Human Anat. 138 The two bones..constitute a bent and horizontal lever.
1879 F. W. Farrar Life & Work St. Paul I. viii. xxviii. 556 That bent and weary Jew.
b. bent brow: an arched eyebrow (obsolete); a wrinkled or knit brow.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > hair > eyebrow > [noun]
overbrowOE
breec1275
bryn1330
bent browc1380
superciliuma1398
brow1398
eyebrowa1450
winbrow?1473
beetle1532
eye-bree1543
bow1729
arch-brow1741
bush1859
the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > forehead > [noun] > as seat of expression > contracted or contraction
bent brow1633
gather1893
knit1895
c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 1074 A wel schape man was hee. With Browes bente & eȝen stoute.
c1400 Rom. Rose 861 Bent were hir browis two, Hir yen greye, & glad also.
1633 Earl of Strafford Let. 15 Jan. (1739) I. 179 This bent and ill favoured Brow of mine.
1853 E. Bulwer-Lytton My Novel I. ii. vii. 189 The sad gaze of the Parson, the bent brow of the Squire.
c. Forming part of the name of various modifications of tools or apparatus which have the blade, or other part bent to adapt them to special purposes: as bent-gauge, bent-gouge, bent-graver, bent-rasp, which have a bent or curved blade; bent-lever n. a lever of the first kind, whose arms form an angle with each other, as a bell-crank lever. bent-lever balance n. a balance having a short bent arm bearing a scale, and a long weighted arm the leverage of which increases as it ascends, ending in an index pointing to divisions in a graduated arc.
d. In the names of articles, work, etc., in which the materials are bent to shape, as bent iron work n. the making of ornamental ironwork as a home occupation, by bending strips of iron to form the various parts of the design; also, the ornamental ironwork thus made. bent-panel n. one that is bent to shape instead of framed; in quot. attributive.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > artistic work in metal > [noun] > other decorative metalwork
link-work1530
frost1702
rullion1707
bent iron work1902
wriggled work1906
tole1946
wriggle-work1960
society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > cart, carriage, or wagon > cart or wagon for conveying goods > [noun] > types of > cart (usually two-wheeled) > drawn by dogs > part of
bent-panel1909
1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products Bent-timber Manufacturer, a shaper of timber by steam and pressure.
1902 P. N. Hasluck (title) Bent Iron Work.
1909 Stratford-on-Avon Herald 7 May 4/3 For sale, excellent Bent-panel dog cart.
2. Braced, nerved, or wound up for action; couched for a spring; levelled or aimed as a weapon. †sharp-bent: sharp-set, hungry. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > undertaking > preparation > [adjective] > prepared or ready
i-radc888
yarec888
i-redec1000
i-redya1175
boundc1175
graith?c1225
aready1250
alreadyc1275
readyc1275
armedc1300
prestc1300
bentc1330
ripec1330
purveyed1435
mature?1440
apt1474
habile1485
in (a) case to (also for)1523
provided1533
in procinct1540
weeping-ripe1548
furnished1553
fit1569
preta1600
expedite1604
predy1613
procinct1618
foreprepared1642
presto1644
apparated1663
(ready) in one's gears1664
fallow1850
standby1893
organized1926
(to be) all set1949
the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > appetite > hunger > [adjective] > hungry
hungryc950
hungering971
hollow1362
eagera1475
empty?1490
ahungrya1500
sharp-set1540
greedlya1546
anhungry1578
starveling1578
belly-pinched1608
mad-hungry1608
jejunea1620
sharp-bent1675
sharp1678
nithered1691
peckish1714
stomach-tight1718
yap1768
yaupish1789
picksome1847
c1330 Arth. & Merl. 1486 To dragouns ther layen y-bent.
c1500 Rob. Hood (Ritson) i. ii. 57 Robin howt with a swerd bent, A bokeler en hes honde [therto].
1633 P. Fletcher Purple Island xi. v. 147 Stood at the Castles gate, now ready bent To sally out.
1675 W. Wycherley Country-wife v. 91 Ceremony and expectation are unsufferable to those that are sharp bent; people always eat with the best stomach at an ordinary.
3. Determined, resolute, devoted, inclined, set.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > decision > resolution or determination > [adjective]
stallc1275
unflichinga1340
adviseda1393
affirmed1440
constant1481
resolved1518
resolute1522
well-settled?1532
ratified1533
unbashed1536
bent1548
well-resolved1565
unabashed1571
determinate1587
undaunted1587
peremptory1589
confirmed1594
decretal1608
pight1608
intent1610
definitivea1616
unshrinkinga1616
naylessa1618
pitched1642
decisive1658
martyrly1659
certain1667
fell1667
decretory1674
martyrial1678
decretorian1679
invariable1696
unflinching1728
hell-bent1731
decided1767
determined1773
iron-headed1787
adamantine1788
unwincing1802
stick-at-nothing1805
adamant1816
hard-set1818
rock-like1833
bound1844
do-or-die1851
unbased1860
focused1888
capable de tout1899
purposive1903
go-for-broke1946
hard rock1947
take-no-shit1992
1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Matt. xxvi. 116 With bent myndes had conspired the death.
a1568 R. Ascham Scholemaster (1570) i. f. 29 The bent enemie against God and good order.
1645 S. Rutherford Tryal & Trivmph of Faith (1845) 66 With a bent affection.
1663 Marquis of Worcester Cent. Names & Scantlings Inventions 2nd. Ded. (ad fin.) My Lords and Gentlemen, Your most passionately-bent Fellow-Subject.
1737 L. Clarke Compl. Hist. Bible I. ix. 579 Being bent to have his Revenge on the Inhabitants of Ptolemais.
4. Directed in a course, on one's way, bound.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > aspects of travel > travel in specific course or direction > [adjective]
boundc1400
bent1697
destinedc1790
city-bound1844
space-bound1955
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics i, in tr. Virgil Wks. 58 Nor must the Ploughman less observe the Skies..Than Saylors homeward bent . View more context for this quotation
5. figurative (cf. crooked adj. 3). In various slang uses:
a. Dishonest, ‘crooked’, criminal. Also as n. originally U.S.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > wrongdoing > crookedness > [adjective]
crooked?c1225
sinister?1455
indirect1570
undirect1594
involved1612
obliquous1614
unstraight1650
back-handed1800
tortuous1801
twistical1805
louche1819
hooky-crooky1833
underhand1842
twisty1857
underhanded1864
bent1914
society > morality > moral evil > lack of principle or integrity > [adjective] > dishonest
manOE
unjustc1400
bribing1530
unhonest1545
makeshift1592
sinistrous1600
horse-fair1606
under-honest1609
dishonest1611
one-eyed1833
shystering1860
cross1882
crook1911
bent1914
fly-by-night1914
crookish1927
shyster1943
shonky1970
1914 L. E. Jackson & C. R. Hellyer Vocab. Criminal Slang 17 Bent, crooked; larcenous. Example: His kisser shows that he's bent.
1948 Sunday Pictorial 29 Aug. 6/5 A ‘bent screw’..a crooked warder who is prepared to traffic with a prisoner.
1958 Times 14 Feb. 3/5 What made the witness think the two officers were offering a bribe? Mitchell replied, ‘I had known for years that certain members of the Brighton police force were what we call bent.’
1958 Times 14 Feb. 3/5 There were plenty of ways in which bents could help.
1963 Times 2 Feb. 9/6 Successful crime preventing does not make criminals give up; they simply change their methods, or as Mr. Brown said: ‘They stay bent but alter their tactics.’
b. Illegal; stolen. Originally U.S.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > rule of law > illegality > [adjective]
unleefula1382
unlawfula1387
wrongfulc1386
unleesomec1400
unlisible?c1425
wrong1480
unlegitimate1602
illicit1606
illegal1626
non licet1628
adulterine1640
unlegal1640
illegitimate1645
illegitime1669
wrongous1671
contraband1686
illicitous1693
sly1829
unprocedural1929
bent1930
bust-out1934
bandulu1980
1930 E. H. Lavine Third Degree (1931) iv. 39 For having sold a stolen or bent car to a complainant.
1955 P. Wildeblood Against Law 151 He had got a short sentence for receiving stolen goods, which he swore he had not known to be ‘bent’.
c. Of things: out of order, spoiled. Of persons: eccentric, perverted; spec. homosexual (also as n.). (In quot. 1958 ‘faithless’.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > disadvantage > uselessness > [adjective] > unserviceable > by having ceased to function
broken-down1816
napoo1915
spitchered1920
kaput1924
bent1957
1930 J. Brophy & E. Partridge Songs & Slang Brit. Soldier: 1914–1918 (ed. 2) 210 Bent, spoiled, ruined, e.g. ‘a good man bent’ or even ‘good tea bent’.
1942 L. V. Berrey & M. Van den Bark Amer. Thes. Slang §143/4 Eccentric. Balmy, bats, bent, [etc.].
1942 L. V. Berrey & M. Van den Bark Amer. Thes. Slang §152/5 Insane; crazy... bent.
1956 I. Asimov Nine Tomorrows (1963) iii. 87 He's gone crazy... He was always a little bent. Now he's broken.
1957 C. F. Rawnsley & R. Wright Night Fighter v. 75 Whenever a set became unserviceable in the air the code word used to notify ground control was to say that the weapon was ‘bent’.
1957 A. Wilson Bit off Map & Other Stories 29 ‘I shouldn't think you did know any Teddy boys, but if you did, I know what they'd call you—a f— bent, see.’..Mr. Fleet..reddened with fury; his reputation as a womaniser was known to everyone.
1958 F. Norman Bang to Rights iii. 72 My bird's gone bent... She went case with some geezer now she's liveing [sic] with him.
1959 C. MacInnes Absolute Beginners 64 No one..cares..if you're boy, or girl, or bent, or versatile, or what you are.
1960 F. Raphael Limits of Love i. v. 70 ‘Great thing about gay people...’ ‘Gay?’ Tessa said. ‘Bent, queer, you know. Homosexual.’

Draft additions December 2005

slang (originally and chiefly U.S.). Intoxicated with alcohol or narcotics. Cf. bend v. 23, bender n. 5b.
ΚΠ
1833 A. Greene Life Dr Duckworth II. 176 He was seldom downright drunk; but was often..confoundedly bent.
1927 New Republic 9 Mar. 71/2 The following is a partial list of words denoting drunkenness now in common use in the United States..bent.
1968 N. C. Heard Howard St. 161 He was bent, barely able, it seemed, to keep his head up.
1984 E. L. Abel Dict. Drug Abuse Terms 16 Bent, under the influence of a drug.
2000 T. Robbins Fierce Invalids 174 Usually, he only went on like this when he was bent or stoned, and that morning he'd had but one beer with breakfast.
[Short for bent out of shape (see to bend (a person) out of shape at bend v. Additions)] U.S. slang. Angry, annoyed, or upset; worked up. Also with out.
ΚΠ
1967 Current Slang (Univ. S. Dakota) 2 ii. 5 Bent, angry or extremely displeased.
1970 D. Quammen To walk Line xii. 92 Ain't all them honkies gon' be a little bent out when they see my black ass?
2004 C. Dokey How not to spend your Senior Year 134 Well you don't have to get all bent about it.

Draft additions December 2005

Music. Of a note, etc.: altered in pitch or tone, deliberately distorted. Cf. bend v. Additions.
ΚΠ
1950 Syracuse (N.Y.) Herald-Jrnl. 30 Mar. 35/1 Frank [Sinatra]..served his customers personality as well as bent notes.
1965 Down Beat 9 Sept. 28 His..solo work..contains some judiciously placed bent tones.
1993 Wire Feb. 57/2 The notes produced by the musicians are so ‘bent’ as to be almost Oriental.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
<
n.1c1360n.21521adj.c1330
随便看

 

英语词典包含1132095条英英释义在线翻译词条,基本涵盖了全部常用单词的英英翻译及用法,是英语学习的有利工具。

 

Copyright © 2004-2022 Newdu.com All Rights Reserved
更新时间:2024/12/24 21:14:03