ragamuffinn.adj.

Brit.

/ˈraɡəˌmʌfɪn/, U.S.

/ˈræɡəˌməfən/

Forms:

α. Middle English ragamoffyn, Middle English ragamuffyn, 1500s rag of muffin, 1500s– raggamuffin, 1600s raggemuffin, 1600s rag-muffin, 1600s– rag-a-muffin (now rare), 1600s– ragamuffin, 1800s rag-o-muffin (Scottish); N.E.D. (1903) also records forms Middle English ragamofin, late Middle English ragmofin.

β. 1600s raggedemuffin, 1800s ragg'dmuffin (regional).

γ. 1600s–1700s raggamuffian, 1600s– ragamuffian, 1700s rag of muffian.

Origin: Of uncertain origin.

Etymology: Origin uncertain and disputed. Compare ragman n.², raggmall n.The first part of this word is perhaps ultimately connected with rag n.² and related adjectives (with sense A. 1 compare ragged adj.¹ 1a and a1325 at raggy adj.¹, both showing earlier use in descriptions of the Devil; with sense A. 2 compare earlier use as a surname, probably also with reference to ragged personal appearance). Association with them certainly appears to have influenced the subsequent development of the word (compare β. forms). It may also be related to ragman n.², attested from a similar date with a similar range of senses, and to later raggmall n., although the nature of any such relationship is uncertain. The identity of -muffin is much disputed: for a summary, see A. Liberman in A. Curzan & K. Emmons Stud. Hist. Eng. Lang. (2004) II 97-100. It has been suggested that it represents Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French malfé , maufé devil, demon, evil spirit, objectionable person, evildoer (13th cent.), although this would leave the final -n unexplained and would not account well for the vocalism of the English forms. A similar suggestion is Anglo-Norman malfelon , maufelon devil, scoundrel (13th cent.; < mal- mal- prefix + felon felon n.¹), for which -au- would likewise be expected in English. Apparently attested earlier as a surname, as e.g. Richard Ragamoffyn (1340), Isabella Ragamuffyn (1344). The forms rag of muffin , rag of muffian in versions of Shakespeare's Henry IV occur in a pun on muffin n.

A. n.

†1. The name of a demon. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > deity > a devil > [noun] > specific names of

Ruffinc1225

ragamuffinc1400

Tutivillusc1475

Modo1603

legiona1616

c1400 (?a1387) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Huntington HM 137) (1873) C. xxi. 283 (MED) Ac rys vp ragamoffyn [v.r. ragamuffyn] and reche me alle þe barres That Belial þe beel-syre beot with þy damme.

2. A person (originally and chiefly a man or boy) of a ragged, dirty, and (frequently) disreputable appearance.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > dirty person > [noun] > man or boy

ragamuffin1586

slattern1845

the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > worthlessness > worthless person > [noun] > ragged

raggmall1581

ragamuffin1586

bash-rag1603

tatterdemalion1608

ragabash?1609

flabergullion1611

tatter1637

sansculotte1812

ragged robin1826

society > society and the community > social class > the common people > low rank or condition > other people of low rank or condition > [noun] > ragamuffin

raggmall1581

ragamuffin1586

bash-rag1603

tatterdemalion1608

ragabash?1609

flabergullion1611

tatter1637

Sir Rag1764

sansculotte1812

shab-rag1828

ragamuff1863

takhaar1899

1586 G. Pettie & B. Yong tr. S. Guazzo Ciuile Conuersat. (rev. ed.) iv. f. 187^v Others there are..who care not how like slouens and raggamuffins they goe.

1593 G. Harvey Pierces Supererogation 141 Although he truly intitle himselfe, Pierce Penniles, and be elsewhere stiled the Gentleman Raggamuffin.

1607 T. Dekker & J. Webster West-ward Hoe v. sig. H^v What set of Villaines are you, you perpetuall Ragamuffins?

1622 T. Scott Newes from Pernassus 48 It is no marvaile if I be spoyled to clothe so many Raggedemuffins.

1672 H. Herbert Narr. in Camden Misc. (1990) XXX. 314 The brook did swell up to such a height that she had like to have drowned her daddy and all his ragamuffins.

1704 J. Swift Full Acct. Battel between Bks. in Tale of Tub 252 Rogues and Raggamuffins, that follow the Camp for nothing but the Plunder.

1764 ‘G. Psalmanazar’ Memoirs 152 I soon persuaded half a dozen of my fellow ragamuffians to follow me.

1841 C. Dickens Barnaby Rudge xxxv. 140 A set of ragamuffins comes a shouting after us ‘Gordon for ever!’

1894 A. Jessopp Random Roaming ii. 32 A caretaker..to warn off ragamuffins.

1925 V. Woolf Mrs. Dalloway 112 If it had been some Honourable Edith or Lady Violet, perhaps; but not that ragamuffin Sally without a penny to her name.

1962 ‘C. S. Forester’ Hornblower & Hotspur xxiii. 272 But he was smartly dressed, so that Hornblower felt something of a ragamuffin in his presence.

2001 D. Marcus Oughtobiography i. 7 In the streets of Cork, I had had to ignore young ragamuffins who, crunching a corner of their coat or gansey in their fist, would wave it in front of me calling me ‘Pig's ear, wah, wah.’

†3. British regional. The long-tailed tit, Aegithalos caudatus. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > arboreal families > [noun] > family Aegithalidae > genus Aegithalos (long-tailed titmouse)

poke bag1663

pudding-poke1684

bottle tom1802

bottle tit1817

bumbarrel1817

feather-poke1831

mufflin1837

jack-in-a-bottle1838

pettichaps1851

poke pudding1851

Long Tom1853

muffler1868

hedge-jug1881

ragamuffin1885

1885 C. Swainson Provinc. Names Brit. Birds 31 Long-tailed mufflin. From the resemblance that the tufted feathers surrounding the face present to a muffler... Whence also are derived Mumruffin... Ragamuffin.

4. Frequently in form raggamuffin. = ragga n. 1, 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > pop music > [noun] > Jamaican

bluebeat1964

ska1964

rocksteady1967

reggae1968

dub1973

skank1974

roots reggae1976

skanking1976

roots1979

dance hall1982

ragamuffin1986

ragga1990

bashment1996

1986 ‘Junior Delgado’ (title of song) Raggamuffin year.

1989 Face Jan. 23/1 ‘It's not ragamuffin,’ says Rob Smith, ‘but it's got a reggae feel to it.’

1991 Source Dec. 60/2 As raggamuffin lyrics over hip-hop beats become more common, the Fu-Shnickens are right on top of the trend.

1993 Independent 11 June 24/1 It has given an identity to second- and third-generation black Britons who feel no desire to assimilate into the mainstream: raggamuffins pepper their talk with thick Jamaican slang, even if their parents were born in Birmingham.

2001 Ottawa Sun (Electronic ed.) 22 June Raggamuffin reggae bash with Bingie Barker every Thurs.

B. adj. (attributive).

Ragged, dirty; disreputable, good-for-nothing.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > worthlessness > [adjective]

forcouthc888

goodlesseOE

undoughtya1225

voidc1380

bare1399

stark naught1528

worthilessa1542

queer1567

worthless1573

hilding1577

baggage1580

arrant1581

offal1588

lorel1590

losel1601

ragamuffin1602

loselled1606

loselly1611

valuelessa1616

ragamuffa1626

good-for-nothing1706

ne'er-do-well1773

rotten1813

neat1824

scamping1832

good-for-naught1835

no good1838

scampish1847

ne'er-do-wellish1890

no good1904

upter1919

never-do-well1933

society > morality > moral evil > evil nature or character > lack of magnanimity or noble-mindedness > [adjective] > worthless

forcouthc888

worthless1576

hilding1577

baggage1580

lorel1590

losel1601

ragamuffin1602

loselled1606

loselly1611

offala1626

ragamuffa1626

vagabond1630

good-for-nought1663

good-for-nothing1706

ne'er-do-well1773

ragabash1818

neat1824

scamping1832

scampish1847

wutless1853

trashy1862

ne'er-do-wellish1890

suck-egg1892

never-do-well1933

punk-ass1971

society > society and the community > social class > the common people > low rank or condition > other people of low rank or condition > [adjective] > ragamuffin

rejagged1522

shag-ragc1590

ragamuffin1602

ragamuffa1626

trampish1861

tramp-like1904

tatty1933

1602 B. Jonson Poetaster i. ii. sig. B Here be the Emperours captaines, you Raggamuffin Rascal; and not your Comrades.

1668 J. Evelyn tr. R. Fréart Idea Perfection Painting 105 He rather chose to resemble a ragamuffin Vagabond, than a Philosopher.

1730 J. Ralph Fashionable Lady iii. xviii. 91 Such an aukward unpolite Monster, as you are, with all your Raggamuffin Airs, can never give a fine Lady any Pain.

1773 R. Graves Spiritual Quixote II. viii. xxiii. 262 Mr. Aldworth..turned over the rest of this ragamuffin assembly to the care of his Butler.

1812 H. Smith & J. Smith Rejected Addr. 53 Many a raggamuffin clan, With trowel and with hod.

1858 R. S. Surtees Ask Mamma xxiv. 92 Look at a shooter,—what a ragamuffin dress his is.

1931 W. Faulkner Sanctuary xvi. 136 After a while one or two ragamuffin boys..would halt at the fence.

1951 N. Monsarrat Cruel Sea (1953) iii. ix. 238 Ericson sat on, enthroned like some wretched ragamuffin chief on the bridge of his useless ship.

1998 T. Lust Pass Polenta 66 Cuisine des femmes?.. It's what mothers cooked to quiet the empty stomachs of their ragamuffin broods.

Derivatives

† ragamuffiness n. Obsolete a female ragamuffin.Apparently an isolated use.

ΚΠ

1868 A. Helps Realmah xvii, in Macmillan's Mag. Nov. 30/2 Six or eight young ragamuffinesses..began to dance.

† ragamuffinism n. Obsolete (a) the state or quality of being a ragamuffin; (b) = ragamuffinry n. 2.

ΚΠ

1653 T. Urquhart tr. F. Rabelais 2nd Bk. Wks. vii. 41 The ragamuffianisme of the pensionary maimed souldiers.

1859 D. Masson Brit. Novelists ii. 95 He..knew the very face of the mob and ragamuffinism in its haunts.

1874 Appleton's Jrnl. 1 Aug. 132/2 The hopeless ragamuffinism of the children.

† ragamuffinize v. Obsolete (transitive) to render disreputable.

ΚΠ

1832 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 31 668 You will not object..to ragamuffinize that House a little.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	ragamuffin
释义	ragamuffinn.adj. Brit. /ˈraɡəˌmʌfɪn/, U.S. /ˈræɡəˌməfən/ Forms: α. Middle English ragamoffyn, Middle English ragamuffyn, 1500s rag of muffin, 1500s– raggamuffin, 1600s raggemuffin, 1600s rag-muffin, 1600s– rag-a-muffin (now rare), 1600s– ragamuffin, 1800s rag-o-muffin (Scottish); N.E.D. (1903) also records forms Middle English ragamofin, late Middle English ragmofin. β. 1600s raggedemuffin, 1800s ragg'dmuffin (regional). γ. 1600s–1700s raggamuffian, 1600s– ragamuffian, 1700s rag of muffian. Origin: Of uncertain origin. Etymology: Origin uncertain and disputed. Compare ragman n.², raggmall n.The first part of this word is perhaps ultimately connected with rag n.² and related adjectives (with sense A. 1 compare ragged adj.¹ 1a and a1325 at raggy adj.¹, both showing earlier use in descriptions of the Devil; with sense A. 2 compare earlier use as a surname, probably also with reference to ragged personal appearance). Association with them certainly appears to have influenced the subsequent development of the word (compare β. forms). It may also be related to ragman n.², attested from a similar date with a similar range of senses, and to later raggmall n., although the nature of any such relationship is uncertain. The identity of -muffin is much disputed: for a summary, see A. Liberman in A. Curzan & K. Emmons Stud. Hist. Eng. Lang. (2004) II 97-100. It has been suggested that it represents Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French malfé , maufé devil, demon, evil spirit, objectionable person, evildoer (13th cent.), although this would leave the final -n unexplained and would not account well for the vocalism of the English forms. A similar suggestion is Anglo-Norman malfelon , maufelon devil, scoundrel (13th cent.; < mal- mal- prefix + felon felon n.¹), for which -au- would likewise be expected in English. Apparently attested earlier as a surname, as e.g. Richard Ragamoffyn (1340), Isabella Ragamuffyn (1344). The forms rag of muffin , rag of muffian in versions of Shakespeare's Henry IV occur in a pun on muffin n. A. n. †1. The name of a demon. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > deity > a devil > [noun] > specific names of Ruffinc1225 ragamuffinc1400 Tutivillusc1475 Modo1603 legiona1616 c1400 (?a1387) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Huntington HM 137) (1873) C. xxi. 283 (MED) Ac rys vp ragamoffyn [v.r. ragamuffyn] and reche me alle þe barres That Belial þe beel-syre beot with þy damme. 2. A person (originally and chiefly a man or boy) of a ragged, dirty, and (frequently) disreputable appearance. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > dirty person > [noun] > man or boy ragamuffin1586 slattern1845 the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > worthlessness > worthless person > [noun] > ragged raggmall1581 ragamuffin1586 bash-rag1603 tatterdemalion1608 ragabash?1609 flabergullion1611 tatter1637 sansculotte1812 ragged robin1826 society > society and the community > social class > the common people > low rank or condition > other people of low rank or condition > [noun] > ragamuffin raggmall1581 ragamuffin1586 bash-rag1603 tatterdemalion1608 ragabash?1609 flabergullion1611 tatter1637 Sir Rag1764 sansculotte1812 shab-rag1828 ragamuff1863 takhaar1899 1586 G. Pettie & B. Yong tr. S. Guazzo Ciuile Conuersat. (rev. ed.) iv. f. 187^v Others there are..who care not how like slouens and raggamuffins they goe. 1593 G. Harvey Pierces Supererogation 141 Although he truly intitle himselfe, Pierce Penniles, and be elsewhere stiled the Gentleman Raggamuffin. 1607 T. Dekker & J. Webster West-ward Hoe v. sig. H^v What set of Villaines are you, you perpetuall Ragamuffins? 1622 T. Scott Newes from Pernassus 48 It is no marvaile if I be spoyled to clothe so many Raggedemuffins. 1672 H. Herbert Narr. in Camden Misc. (1990) XXX. 314 The brook did swell up to such a height that she had like to have drowned her daddy and all his ragamuffins. 1704 J. Swift Full Acct. Battel between Bks. in Tale of Tub 252 Rogues and Raggamuffins, that follow the Camp for nothing but the Plunder. 1764 ‘G. Psalmanazar’ Memoirs 152 I soon persuaded half a dozen of my fellow ragamuffians to follow me. 1841 C. Dickens Barnaby Rudge xxxv. 140 A set of ragamuffins comes a shouting after us ‘Gordon for ever!’ 1894 A. Jessopp Random Roaming ii. 32 A caretaker..to warn off ragamuffins. 1925 V. Woolf Mrs. Dalloway 112 If it had been some Honourable Edith or Lady Violet, perhaps; but not that ragamuffin Sally without a penny to her name. 1962 ‘C. S. Forester’ Hornblower & Hotspur xxiii. 272 But he was smartly dressed, so that Hornblower felt something of a ragamuffin in his presence. 2001 D. Marcus Oughtobiography i. 7 In the streets of Cork, I had had to ignore young ragamuffins who, crunching a corner of their coat or gansey in their fist, would wave it in front of me calling me ‘Pig's ear, wah, wah.’ †3. British regional. The long-tailed tit, Aegithalos caudatus. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > arboreal families > [noun] > family Aegithalidae > genus Aegithalos (long-tailed titmouse) poke bag1663 pudding-poke1684 bottle tom1802 bottle tit1817 bumbarrel1817 feather-poke1831 mufflin1837 jack-in-a-bottle1838 pettichaps1851 poke pudding1851 Long Tom1853 muffler1868 hedge-jug1881 ragamuffin1885 1885 C. Swainson Provinc. Names Brit. Birds 31 Long-tailed mufflin. From the resemblance that the tufted feathers surrounding the face present to a muffler... Whence also are derived Mumruffin... Ragamuffin. 4. Frequently in form raggamuffin. = ragga n. 1, 2. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > pop music > [noun] > Jamaican bluebeat1964 ska1964 rocksteady1967 reggae1968 dub1973 skank1974 roots reggae1976 skanking1976 roots1979 dance hall1982 ragamuffin1986 ragga1990 bashment1996 1986 ‘Junior Delgado’ (title of song) Raggamuffin year. 1989 Face Jan. 23/1 ‘It's not ragamuffin,’ says Rob Smith, ‘but it's got a reggae feel to it.’ 1991 Source Dec. 60/2 As raggamuffin lyrics over hip-hop beats become more common, the Fu-Shnickens are right on top of the trend. 1993 Independent 11 June 24/1 It has given an identity to second- and third-generation black Britons who feel no desire to assimilate into the mainstream: raggamuffins pepper their talk with thick Jamaican slang, even if their parents were born in Birmingham. 2001 Ottawa Sun (Electronic ed.) 22 June Raggamuffin reggae bash with Bingie Barker every Thurs. B. adj. (attributive). Ragged, dirty; disreputable, good-for-nothing. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > worthlessness > [adjective] forcouthc888 goodlesseOE undoughtya1225 voidc1380 bare1399 stark naught1528 worthilessa1542 queer1567 worthless1573 hilding1577 baggage1580 arrant1581 offal1588 lorel1590 losel1601 ragamuffin1602 loselled1606 loselly1611 valuelessa1616 ragamuffa1626 good-for-nothing1706 ne'er-do-well1773 rotten1813 neat1824 scamping1832 good-for-naught1835 no good1838 scampish1847 ne'er-do-wellish1890 no good1904 upter1919 never-do-well1933 society > morality > moral evil > evil nature or character > lack of magnanimity or noble-mindedness > [adjective] > worthless forcouthc888 worthless1576 hilding1577 baggage1580 lorel1590 losel1601 ragamuffin1602 loselled1606 loselly1611 offala1626 ragamuffa1626 vagabond1630 good-for-nought1663 good-for-nothing1706 ne'er-do-well1773 ragabash1818 neat1824 scamping1832 scampish1847 wutless1853 trashy1862 ne'er-do-wellish1890 suck-egg1892 never-do-well1933 punk-ass1971 society > society and the community > social class > the common people > low rank or condition > other people of low rank or condition > [adjective] > ragamuffin rejagged1522 shag-ragc1590 ragamuffin1602 ragamuffa1626 trampish1861 tramp-like1904 tatty1933 1602 B. Jonson Poetaster i. ii. sig. B Here be the Emperours captaines, you Raggamuffin Rascal; and not your Comrades. 1668 J. Evelyn tr. R. Fréart Idea Perfection Painting 105 He rather chose to resemble a ragamuffin Vagabond, than a Philosopher. 1730 J. Ralph Fashionable Lady iii. xviii. 91 Such an aukward unpolite Monster, as you are, with all your Raggamuffin Airs, can never give a fine Lady any Pain. 1773 R. Graves Spiritual Quixote II. viii. xxiii. 262 Mr. Aldworth..turned over the rest of this ragamuffin assembly to the care of his Butler. 1812 H. Smith & J. Smith Rejected Addr. 53 Many a raggamuffin clan, With trowel and with hod. 1858 R. S. Surtees Ask Mamma xxiv. 92 Look at a shooter,—what a ragamuffin dress his is. 1931 W. Faulkner Sanctuary xvi. 136 After a while one or two ragamuffin boys..would halt at the fence. 1951 N. Monsarrat Cruel Sea (1953) iii. ix. 238 Ericson sat on, enthroned like some wretched ragamuffin chief on the bridge of his useless ship. 1998 T. Lust Pass Polenta 66 Cuisine des femmes?.. It's what mothers cooked to quiet the empty stomachs of their ragamuffin broods. Derivatives † ragamuffiness n. Obsolete a female ragamuffin.Apparently an isolated use. ΚΠ 1868 A. Helps Realmah xvii, in Macmillan's Mag. Nov. 30/2 Six or eight young ragamuffinesses..began to dance. † ragamuffinism n. Obsolete (a) the state or quality of being a ragamuffin; (b) = ragamuffinry n. 2. ΚΠ 1653 T. Urquhart tr. F. Rabelais 2nd Bk. Wks. vii. 41 The ragamuffianisme of the pensionary maimed souldiers. 1859 D. Masson Brit. Novelists ii. 95 He..knew the very face of the mob and ragamuffinism in its haunts. 1874 Appleton's Jrnl. 1 Aug. 132/2 The hopeless ragamuffinism of the children. † ragamuffinize v. Obsolete (transitive) to render disreputable. ΚΠ 1832 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 31 668 You will not object..to ragamuffinize that House a little. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.c1400
随便看	ungrammatical ungrammaticalities ungrammaticality ungrammatically ungrammaticalness ungrantable ungranted ungranulated ungrapple ungrappler ungrasp ungraspable ungrasped ungrasping ungrassed ungrate ungrateful ungratefully ungratefulness ungratefulnesses ungrately ungratified ungratifying ungratitude ungrave