rachen.

Brit.

/ratʃ/, U.S.

/rætʃ/

Forms:

α. Old English ræcc, Middle English racche, Middle English rach, Middle English rachch, Middle English recche, Middle English rech, Middle English rochis (plural, transmission error), Middle English– rache; Scottish pre-1700 racch, pre-1700 raich, pre-1700 raych, pre-1700 rech, pre-1700 1800s rach, pre-1700 1800s– rache.

β. Middle English ratche, late Middle English retche, 1500s 1700s– ratch (now English regional (northern)); Scottish pre-1700 ratche (plural), pre-1700 ratche, pre-1700 1700s–1800s ratch.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Cognate with Old Icelandic rakki , Norwegian rakke , Old Swedish rakke (Swedish racka ), Old Danish rakkæ (Danish rakke ) dog, and further with the derivatives Dutch rekel , Middle Low German rēkel dog, further etymology uncertain and disputed: perhaps further related to rake v.¹ Compare German regional (Switzerland) Rache hunting dog. Compare ratch v.³It has alternatively been suggested that the word may have an underlying sense of ‘long, narrow dog’ and instead be further related to rack v.¹ Perhaps compare also English regional (north-west.) rake, name given to a sheepdog:1895 T. Ellwood Lakeland & Iceland 46 Rake. Commonly used as name of a sheepdog, from Icel[andic] reka to drive or reki, driver. Possibly, however = Icel[andic] rakki, a cur. Also attested early in place names, as Ræccesford (11th cent.; now Rochford, Worcestershire).

Now historical.

1. A hunting dog which pursues its prey by scent. In later use chiefly Scottish (cf. quot. 1576).

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > dogs used for specific purposes > [noun] > sporting or hunting dog > that follows prey by scent or sight

racheeOE

ratchet1563

gaze-hound1570

roader1817

eOE Cleopatra Gloss. in J. J. Quinn Minor Lat.-Old Eng. Glossaries in MS Cotton Cleopatra A.III (Ph.D. diss., Stanford Univ.) (1956) 51 Molosus, roþhund. Unfer, grighund. Bruccus, ræcc.

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 13505 Rihht he toc natanaæl. Wiþþ hise ȝæpe wordess Rihht alls an hunnte takeþþ der. Wiþþ hise ȝæpe racchess.

a1300 in R. Morris Old Eng. Misc. (1872) 92 (MED) Ne geyneþ vs..robes of russet..Ne þe ronke racches.

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) v. 4388 (MED) Usure I sih..Which after gold makth chace and suite With his brocours, that renne aboute Lich unto racches.

c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) 1907 (MED) Þe lorde..Rased hym ful radly out of þe rach mouþes.

c1475 Antichrist & Disciples in J. H. Todd Three Treat. J. Wycklyffe (1851) p. cxliii (MED) Þei hunten out þe wilde deer..þe hare in here closed parkes wiþ..racches &..houndes.

a1529 J. Skelton Magnyfycence (?1530) sig. Biiii Here is a leysshe of ratches to renne an hare.

1561 Q. Kennedy Oratioune (1812) 20 Thar pestilent precheouris..circumuenande the simple peple, cersande thair pray like the deuillis rachis.

c1570 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xviii. 23 Throw out this Realme lyke Ratches se ȝe range And seik thair blude.

1576 A. Fleming tr. J. Caius Of Eng. Dogges 7 Albeit some of this sort in English be called Brache, in Scottishe Rache, the cause hereof resteth in the shee sex and not in the generall kinde.

1633 W. Guild Hvmble Addresse 16 Where such as these then are coupled together, lyke Ratches for a Game of Hunting, what importeth such a smoothering Vnion, but the fore-sayde sadde Sequeles?

1677 N. Cox Gentleman's Recreation (ed. 2) i. 28 (heading) Of dogs for hunting. Of the hound Rache and Sluth-hound.

1727 A. Ramsay New Misc. Scots Sangs 157 With cockit Gun and Ratches tenty, To drive the Deer out of their Den.

1735 Sportsman's Dict. II. at Slouth-hound A dog so called in Scotland, some what larger than a rache.

1829 W. Scott Lett. Demonol. iv. 131 Three raches, or hounds of scent, followed her closely.

1875 J. Veitch Tweed 56 By her side seven raches running free.

1931 Publ. Mod. Lang. Assoc. 46 171 The hounds loosed are raches or running hounds. The method of procedure was to use raches who hunt by scent to rouse and rout out the game.

1998 Times (Nexis) 8 Apr. (Features section) A hound of great lineage whose ancestors were variously named St Hubert hounds, limers, raches, sleuth or talbot hounds.

†2. In extended use. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

c1450 in R. H. Robbins Hist. Poems 14th & 15th Cent. (1959) 186 (MED) Beaumownt, þat gentill rache, Hath brought Iack napis in an evill cache.

1571 G. Buchanan Admonitioun Trew Lordis sig. B. 5^v For not content of it, that thay thame selfis may steill, brybe & reif, yai set out ratches on euerie syde.

a1614 J. Melville Autobiogr. & Diary (1842) 428 Craftie men..Wha houndit furthe these ratches under night.

Compounds

† rache couple n. Obsolete a lead which holds two hunting dogs together.

ΚΠ

1539–40 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1907) VII. 280 For dog chenȝeis, rache cuppelis, and mending of the knock.

1542 Acts & Decreets I. f. 141 Rach cuppillis of siluer and silk colleris.

rache hound n. a hunting dog; esp. (Heraldry) (in form ratch hound) a representation of such a dog.

ΚΠ

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement f. lviii Rache hounde.

1680 G. Mackenzie Sci. Herauldry i. xix. 57 A Ratch hound current, betwixt three hunting-horns Sable.

a1767 W. Macfarlane Geneal. Coll. (1900) II. 306 Three Wolves Heads erased Supported by two Ratch hounds.

1851 J. P. Elven Bk. Family Crests (ed. 6) II. 286/1 The head of a ratch-hound erased.

1992 P. Williamson Keeper of Dream xvi. 266 The prince's face was shaped like a rache hound's.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	rache
释义	rachen. Brit. /ratʃ/, U.S. /rætʃ/ Forms: α. Old English ræcc, Middle English racche, Middle English rach, Middle English rachch, Middle English recche, Middle English rech, Middle English rochis (plural, transmission error), Middle English– rache; Scottish pre-1700 racch, pre-1700 raich, pre-1700 raych, pre-1700 rech, pre-1700 1800s rach, pre-1700 1800s– rache. β. Middle English ratche, late Middle English retche, 1500s 1700s– ratch (now English regional (northern)); Scottish pre-1700 ratche (plural), pre-1700 ratche, pre-1700 1700s–1800s ratch. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with Old Icelandic rakki , Norwegian rakke , Old Swedish rakke (Swedish racka ), Old Danish rakkæ (Danish rakke ) dog, and further with the derivatives Dutch rekel , Middle Low German rēkel dog, further etymology uncertain and disputed: perhaps further related to rake v.¹ Compare German regional (Switzerland) Rache hunting dog. Compare ratch v.³It has alternatively been suggested that the word may have an underlying sense of ‘long, narrow dog’ and instead be further related to rack v.¹ Perhaps compare also English regional (north-west.) rake, name given to a sheepdog:1895 T. Ellwood Lakeland & Iceland 46 Rake. Commonly used as name of a sheepdog, from Icel[andic] reka to drive or reki, driver. Possibly, however = Icel[andic] rakki, a cur. Also attested early in place names, as Ræccesford (11th cent.; now Rochford, Worcestershire). Now historical. 1. A hunting dog which pursues its prey by scent. In later use chiefly Scottish (cf. quot. 1576). ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > dogs used for specific purposes > [noun] > sporting or hunting dog > that follows prey by scent or sight racheeOE ratchet1563 gaze-hound1570 roader1817 eOE Cleopatra Gloss. in J. J. Quinn Minor Lat.-Old Eng. Glossaries in MS Cotton Cleopatra A.III (Ph.D. diss., Stanford Univ.) (1956) 51 Molosus, roþhund. Unfer, grighund. Bruccus, ræcc. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 13505 Rihht he toc natanaæl. Wiþþ hise ȝæpe wordess Rihht alls an hunnte takeþþ der. Wiþþ hise ȝæpe racchess. a1300 in R. Morris Old Eng. Misc. (1872) 92 (MED) Ne geyneþ vs..robes of russet..Ne þe ronke racches. a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) v. 4388 (MED) Usure I sih..Which after gold makth chace and suite With his brocours, that renne aboute Lich unto racches. c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) 1907 (MED) Þe lorde..Rased hym ful radly out of þe rach mouþes. c1475 Antichrist & Disciples in J. H. Todd Three Treat. J. Wycklyffe (1851) p. cxliii (MED) Þei hunten out þe wilde deer..þe hare in here closed parkes wiþ..racches &..houndes. a1529 J. Skelton Magnyfycence (?1530) sig. Biiii Here is a leysshe of ratches to renne an hare. 1561 Q. Kennedy Oratioune (1812) 20 Thar pestilent precheouris..circumuenande the simple peple, cersande thair pray like the deuillis rachis. c1570 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xviii. 23 Throw out this Realme lyke Ratches se ȝe range And seik thair blude. 1576 A. Fleming tr. J. Caius Of Eng. Dogges 7 Albeit some of this sort in English be called Brache, in Scottishe Rache, the cause hereof resteth in the shee sex and not in the generall kinde. 1633 W. Guild Hvmble Addresse 16 Where such as these then are coupled together, lyke Ratches for a Game of Hunting, what importeth such a smoothering Vnion, but the fore-sayde sadde Sequeles? 1677 N. Cox Gentleman's Recreation (ed. 2) i. 28 (heading) Of dogs for hunting. Of the hound Rache and Sluth-hound. 1727 A. Ramsay New Misc. Scots Sangs 157 With cockit Gun and Ratches tenty, To drive the Deer out of their Den. 1735 Sportsman's Dict. II. at Slouth-hound A dog so called in Scotland, some what larger than a rache. 1829 W. Scott Lett. Demonol. iv. 131 Three raches, or hounds of scent, followed her closely. 1875 J. Veitch Tweed 56 By her side seven raches running free. 1931 Publ. Mod. Lang. Assoc. 46 171 The hounds loosed are raches or running hounds. The method of procedure was to use raches who hunt by scent to rouse and rout out the game. 1998 Times (Nexis) 8 Apr. (Features section) A hound of great lineage whose ancestors were variously named St Hubert hounds, limers, raches, sleuth or talbot hounds. †2. In extended use. Obsolete. ΚΠ c1450 in R. H. Robbins Hist. Poems 14th & 15th Cent. (1959) 186 (MED) Beaumownt, þat gentill rache, Hath brought Iack napis in an evill cache. 1571 G. Buchanan Admonitioun Trew Lordis sig. B. 5^v For not content of it, that thay thame selfis may steill, brybe & reif, yai set out ratches on euerie syde. a1614 J. Melville Autobiogr. & Diary (1842) 428 Craftie men..Wha houndit furthe these ratches under night. Compounds † rache couple n. Obsolete a lead which holds two hunting dogs together. ΚΠ 1539–40 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1907) VII. 280 For dog chenȝeis, rache cuppelis, and mending of the knock. 1542 Acts & Decreets I. f. 141 Rach cuppillis of siluer and silk colleris. rache hound n. a hunting dog; esp. (Heraldry) (in form ratch hound) a representation of such a dog. ΚΠ 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement f. lviii Rache hounde. 1680 G. Mackenzie Sci. Herauldry i. xix. 57 A Ratch hound current, betwixt three hunting-horns Sable. a1767 W. Macfarlane Geneal. Coll. (1900) II. 306 Three Wolves Heads erased Supported by two Ratch hounds. 1851 J. P. Elven Bk. Family Crests (ed. 6) II. 286/1 The head of a ratch-hound erased. 1992 P. Williamson Keeper of Dream xvi. 266 The prince's face was shaped like a rache hound's. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † rachev. Origin: Either (i) a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Or (ii) a borrowing from French. Etymons: arache v.; French racher. Etymology: Either aphetic < arache v. or < Anglo-Norman racher (13th cent. or earlier; aphetic < arracher arache v.). Compare race v.¹ and later rash v.² Obsolete. rare. transitive. To pull off. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > impelling or driving > pushing and pulling > push and pull [verb (transitive)] > pull > away > away, out, or off violently rend?c1225 rendc1225 rasea1387 renta1398 renda1400 racea1413 rachec1425 rivec1440 rash1485 rush1485 ranch1579 c1425 (c1400) Laud Troy-bk. 5689 Thei bare him doun..His hed was bare, his helme was rached. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online June 2021). < n.eOEv.c1425
随便看	cisted cistella cistercian cistercianism cistern cistern-barometer cistern-bottom cistern-cock cistern-filter cistern-pump cistern-water cistern-well cistern-wheel cistern-work cisterna cisterna chyli cisternae cisternal cisternbarometer cisternbottom cisterncock cisternesse cisternfilter cisternpump cisterns

rachen.

Compounds

† rachev.