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rachitome
rachitome n. 
/ˈrækᵻˌtoʊm/ [in sense (a) after French rachitome (1830 or earlier: see quot. 1830)] (a) Surgery any of several instruments used to open the vertebral canal (now historical); (b) Palaeontology (usually in form rhachitome) a labyrinthodont (fossil amphibian) of the suborder Rhachitomi (cf. rachitomous adj.).
Brit. /ˈreɪkᵻtəʊm/
, /ˈreɪkᵻtəʊm/U.S. /ˈreɪkᵻˌtoʊm/
, /ˈreɪkᵻˌtoʊm//ˈrækᵻˌtoʊm/ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > amphibians > [noun] > extinct types of > labyrinthodont or rachitome
labyrinthodon1841
labyrinthodont1841
Cheirotherium1855
rachitome1857
rachiotome1859
toad-lizard1899
1830 London Med. Gaz. 5 837/2 M. Yarral, a French surgeon, has lately invented a kind of double saw, for the express purpose of removing the posterior part of the vertebral column... It is called rachitome double, and is to be had of M. Charriere, surgical instrument maker, Paris.
1854 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (ed. 11) 752/1 Rachitomus, an instrument for opening the vertical [sic] column.]
1857 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (rev. ed.) 785/1 Rachitome,..an anatomical instrument for opening the medullæ spinalis.
1877 R. J. Dunglison Practitioner's Ready Ref. Bk. 312 An ordinary dissecting case plus a saw, rachitome, hammer, needles and thread.
1947 Bull. Mus. Compar. Zoöl. Harvard 99 103 In the skull roof [of Edops], a primitive character is the presence of a distinct intertemporal element, lost in characteristic rhachitomes.
1948 Jrnl. Paleontol. 22 360/2 It is possible that Latiscopus might be a rachitome but since none have previously been found in the Dockum it is more likely that it is a stereospondyl.
1986 A. S. Romer & T. S. Parsons Vertebr. Body (ed. 6) iii. 65 (caption) The surviving group..may have a common origin, in the late Paleozoic, from primitive rhachitomes, but this is still open to debate.
1997 J. M. Edmonson Amer. Surg. Instruments 24 (caption) A rachitome, or double saw, used in postmortem examination of vertebrae, circa 1835.
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