racismn.

Brit.

/ˈreɪsɪz(ə)m/, U.S.

/ˈreɪˌsɪz(ə)m/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; perhaps modelled on a French lexical item. Etymons: race n.⁶, -ism suffix.

Etymology: < race n.⁶ + -ism suffix, perhaps after French racisme (1897 or earlier). Compare racialism n. and racist n.

Prejudice, antagonism, or discrimination by an individual, institution, or society, against a person or people on the basis of their nationality or (now usually) their membership of a particular racial or ethnic group, typically one that is a minority or marginalized. Also: beliefs that members of a particular racial or ethnic group possess innate characteristics or qualities, or that some racial or ethnic groups are superior to others; an ideology based on such beliefs. Cf. racialism n.institutional racism n., reverse racism n., scientific racism n., structural racism n., systemic racism n., white racism n., etc.: see the first element.The use of the word racism to refer to a specific ideology was particularly prominent during the 1930s in discussions of National Socialism (see e.g. quot. 1933).

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social attitudes > racial attitudes > [noun] > racism

racialism1880

racism1903

ethnocentrism1906

ethnocentricity1937

structural racism1964

systemic racism1968

1903 Proc. 20th Ann. Meeting Lake Mohonk Conf. Friends of Indian 1902 134 Segregating any class or race of people..kills the progress of the segregated people... Association of races and classes is necessary in order to destroy racism and classism.

1933 Economist 26 Aug. 397/1 Torn with internal dissension between the racism of the Nazis, the Fascism of the Heimwehr, and the Socialism of the Social-Democrats.

1934 Foreign Affairs 12 425 The Christian churches are in revolt against the doctrine of racism.

1977 M. Walker National Front vi. 155 A strike of the Asian workers against racism in the factory.

1984 Washington Post 23 Aug. b1/3 Members of the group were refused service at a 7-Eleven store..an incident the spokesman called ‘an example of how overt racism still permeates areas like the South’.

1991 Times Educ. Suppl. 15 Mar. 26/1 I'm aware of the racism in their mainstream school, where black children are expected to underachieve.

1991 M. E. Wertsch Military Brats x. 331 An Air Force colonel's son told of the unbridled racism toward Iranians he observed among military brats in Tehran.

2000 Afro-Amer. Red Star (Electronic ed.) 24 Nov. a2 The racism inherent in the political system in this country.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	racism
释义	racismn. Brit. /ˈreɪsɪz(ə)m/, U.S. /ˈreɪˌsɪz(ə)m/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; perhaps modelled on a French lexical item. Etymons: race n.⁶, -ism suffix. Etymology: < race n.⁶ + -ism suffix, perhaps after French racisme (1897 or earlier). Compare racialism n. and racist n. Prejudice, antagonism, or discrimination by an individual, institution, or society, against a person or people on the basis of their nationality or (now usually) their membership of a particular racial or ethnic group, typically one that is a minority or marginalized. Also: beliefs that members of a particular racial or ethnic group possess innate characteristics or qualities, or that some racial or ethnic groups are superior to others; an ideology based on such beliefs. Cf. racialism n.institutional racism n., reverse racism n., scientific racism n., structural racism n., systemic racism n., white racism n., etc.: see the first element.The use of the word racism to refer to a specific ideology was particularly prominent during the 1930s in discussions of National Socialism (see e.g. quot. 1933). ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social attitudes > racial attitudes > [noun] > racism racialism1880 racism1903 ethnocentrism1906 ethnocentricity1937 structural racism1964 systemic racism1968 1903 Proc. 20th Ann. Meeting Lake Mohonk Conf. Friends of Indian 1902 134 Segregating any class or race of people..kills the progress of the segregated people... Association of races and classes is necessary in order to destroy racism and classism. 1933 Economist 26 Aug. 397/1 Torn with internal dissension between the racism of the Nazis, the Fascism of the Heimwehr, and the Socialism of the Social-Democrats. 1934 Foreign Affairs 12 425 The Christian churches are in revolt against the doctrine of racism. 1977 M. Walker National Front vi. 155 A strike of the Asian workers against racism in the factory. 1984 Washington Post 23 Aug. b1/3 Members of the group were refused service at a 7-Eleven store..an incident the spokesman called ‘an example of how overt racism still permeates areas like the South’. 1991 Times Educ. Suppl. 15 Mar. 26/1 I'm aware of the racism in their mainstream school, where black children are expected to underachieve. 1991 M. E. Wertsch Military Brats x. 331 An Air Force colonel's son told of the unbridled racism toward Iranians he observed among military brats in Tehran. 2000 Afro-Amer. Red Star (Electronic ed.) 24 Nov. a2 The racism inherent in the political system in this country. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1903
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