radiometern.¹

Brit.

/ˌreɪdɪˈɒmᵻtə/, U.S.

/ˌreɪdiˈɑmədər/

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: radius n., -o- connective, -meter comb. form².

Etymology: < radius n. + -o- connective + -meter comb. form². In sense 1 perhaps after French radiomètre (1690); compare earlier radius n. 2. In sense 2 probably formed independently. Compare radiometer n.²

†1. An instrument for measuring angles: = cross-staff n. 2a, Jacob's staff n. 2a. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > navigational aids > [noun] > cross-staff

Jacob's staff1559

cross-staff1594

David's staff1623

back-staff1627

fore-staff1669

radiometer1728

jackstaff1886

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Radiometer, a Name some Writers give to the Radius Astronomicus, or Jacob's Staff.

1802 C. James New Mil. Dict. Radiometer. This instrument is sometimes called Jacob's staff... It is used by some to take the sun's altitude, and by others to ascertain elevations at sea.

2. Physical Anthropology and Dentistry. An instrument used to measure angles or dimensions of the skull.

ΚΠ

1906 Rep. Brit. Assoc. Advancem. Sci. 1905 200 Radii (Gray's auricular radiometer). These radii may be considered to pass from the mid-point of the bi-auricular diameter to the various points indicated in the medium longitudinal arc of the cranium.

1927 Internat. Jrnl. Orthodontia, Oral Surg. & Radiogr. 13 588 In a general way the arch represents one-half of the auriculoincisal radius, measured with a radiometer or with a prosopometer. Radiometer designed by the author.

1973 W. W. Howells Cranial Variation in Man (Appendix B) 162/2 It [sc. the large Aichel caliper] is converted into a radiometer, for reading distances from the trans-meatal axis, by having the ends fitted with shoes carrying bullet-shaped points.

2000 Amer. Antiq. 65 300/2 A more complete set of craniofacial measurements from the first generation cast, for which a radiometer and sliding, spreading, and coordinate calipers were used.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

radiometern.²

Brit.

/ˌreɪdɪˈɒmᵻtə/, U.S.

/ˌreɪdiˈɑmədər/

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: radio- comb. form², -meter comb. form².

Etymology: < radio- comb. form² + -meter comb. form². Compare French radiomètre (1876 in sense 1a (after English), 1905 or earlier in sense 1b). In sense 2 after French radiomètre X (1905 or earlier, in the source reviewed in quot. 1905).

a. An instrument comprising four lightweight metal vanes, black on one side and white on the other, mounted on a spindle inside a partially evacuated glass bulb, so that the vanes rotate when illuminated with sunlight. Also Crookes radiometer, Crookes's radiometer.Invented by Sir William Crookes to illustrate the transformation of radiant energy into mechanical energy, but now chiefly used for amusement. It has also been used to measure the intensity of sound by means of its radiation pressure.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > [noun] > instrument for measuring

radiometer1875

spectroradiometer1923

planchet1947

the world > matter > physics > energy or power of doing work > [noun] > change from one to another > instrument illustrating

radiometer1875

the world > matter > physics > mechanics > dynamics > thermodynamics > [noun] > instrument illustrating principle

radiometer1875

Crookes radiometer1884

the world > matter > physics > science of sound > [noun] > instrument measuring intensity

radiometer1905

Rayleigh disc1913

sound meter1928

1875 W. Crookes in Proc. Royal Soc. 23 377 The luminous rays..repel the black surface more energetically than they do the white surface. Taking advantage of this fact, the author has constructed an instrument which he calls a radiometer.

1885 Encycl. Brit. XIX. 249/1 In Crookes's radiometer the free path is very long.

1893 R. S. Ball Story of Sun 256 Highly rarefied gas like that contained in one of Mr. Crookes's radiometers.

1905 R. W. Wood in Physical Rev. 20 113 It occurred to me that a mill-wheel or radiometer driven by these [sound] waves would be useful for purposes of demonstration in treating of radiation pressure.

1930 R. H. Baker Astron. x. 396 Abbot,..working with the 100-inch reflector, made use of delicate radiometers, having vanes of blackened bits of fly-wings, to measure the energy in different parts of the spectrum.

1966 McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. (rev. ed.) XI. 317/2 The Crookes radiometer survives in jewelers' windows as a ‘perpetual motion’ device.

2001 Brit. Jrnl. Hist. Sci. 34 73 His [sc. Crookes's] trials of different designs resulted in the ‘radiometer’ or ‘light mill’ for the measurement of radiation.

b. Any device used to measure the energy or power of electromagnetic radiation, now esp. infrared.

ΚΠ

1905 Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. 19 371 The radiometer and spectroscope have given us valuable data regarding the condition and stages of the so-called fixed stars.

1930 Ecology 11 61 The radiometer..consists of a constantan-silver thermopile, a portable microammeter, and a small resistance box.

1953 Brit. Jrnl. Psychol. 44 280 The heat intensity required to produce pain was measured with a radiometer.

1963 G. L. Pickard Descriptive Physical Oceanogr. vi. 92 The downward directed component of the long-wave radiation term..is determined by means of a radiometer.

1969 Times 19 Feb. 13/6 An infra-red radiometer will map the temperature across the surface of Mars.

1977 R.A.F. News 11 May 11/1 Radiometers to measure infra-red and solar radiation.

2002 Times 21 Feb. i. 10/6 (caption) Microwave radiometer (MWR) can measure the total amount of water vapour in clouds lying within a 12-mile footprint beneath the satellite.

2. Any of various instruments used to determine the amount of X-radiation administered to a patient (typically by means of a colour change in crystals exposed to the X-rays); a radiation dosimeter. Also (in quot. 1994): a radiation badge. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > treatment by radiation > [noun] > by X-rays > apparatus measuring X-rays

radiometer1905

quantimeter1906

qualimeter1911

1904 Sci. Abstr. A. 7 362 A ‘chromo-radiometer’ has been invented by Holzknecht, which consists of two parts—a measurer and a comparative scale.]

1905 Lancet 24 June 1715/2 His [sc. Sabouraud's] radiometer is based upon the fact that the platino-cyanide of barium of the spectroscopic screen becomes darkened under the action of the x rays.

1912 Med. Ann. 73 The..method of using Holzknecht's new radiometer for the more exact measurement of the x-ray dose.

1917 Amer. Jrnl. Nursing 18 88 The Sabouraud and Noire radiometer: This is a little tablet or pastille covered with barium platino-cyanid... Different shades of the pastille correspond to different doses.

1934 H. Davies Pract. X-ray Therapy iii. 31 (caption) Holzknecht radiometer, showing both halves of the pastille in position.

1994 D. Wojahn Late Empire 75 Step in, zip up. The mask, the skullcap, the rubber gloves reaching up to the elbows, the pike, the radiometer.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	radiometer
释义	radiometern.¹ Brit. /ˌreɪdɪˈɒmᵻtə/, U.S. /ˌreɪdiˈɑmədər/ Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: radius n., -o- connective, -meter comb. form². Etymology: < radius n. + -o- connective + -meter comb. form². In sense 1 perhaps after French radiomètre (1690); compare earlier radius n. 2. In sense 2 probably formed independently. Compare radiometer n.² †1. An instrument for measuring angles: = cross-staff n. 2a, Jacob's staff n. 2a. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > navigational aids > [noun] > cross-staff Jacob's staff1559 cross-staff1594 David's staff1623 back-staff1627 fore-staff1669 radiometer1728 jackstaff1886 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Radiometer, a Name some Writers give to the Radius Astronomicus, or Jacob's Staff. 1802 C. James New Mil. Dict. Radiometer. This instrument is sometimes called Jacob's staff... It is used by some to take the sun's altitude, and by others to ascertain elevations at sea. 2. Physical Anthropology and Dentistry. An instrument used to measure angles or dimensions of the skull. ΚΠ 1906 Rep. Brit. Assoc. Advancem. Sci. 1905 200 Radii (Gray's auricular radiometer). These radii may be considered to pass from the mid-point of the bi-auricular diameter to the various points indicated in the medium longitudinal arc of the cranium. 1927 Internat. Jrnl. Orthodontia, Oral Surg. & Radiogr. 13 588 In a general way the arch represents one-half of the auriculoincisal radius, measured with a radiometer or with a prosopometer. Radiometer designed by the author. 1973 W. W. Howells Cranial Variation in Man (Appendix B) 162/2 It [sc. the large Aichel caliper] is converted into a radiometer, for reading distances from the trans-meatal axis, by having the ends fitted with shoes carrying bullet-shaped points. 2000 Amer. Antiq. 65 300/2 A more complete set of craniofacial measurements from the first generation cast, for which a radiometer and sliding, spreading, and coordinate calipers were used. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). radiometern.² Brit. /ˌreɪdɪˈɒmᵻtə/, U.S. /ˌreɪdiˈɑmədər/ Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: radio- comb. form², -meter comb. form². Etymology: < radio- comb. form² + -meter comb. form². Compare French radiomètre (1876 in sense 1a (after English), 1905 or earlier in sense 1b). In sense 2 after French radiomètre X (1905 or earlier, in the source reviewed in quot. 1905). 1. a. An instrument comprising four lightweight metal vanes, black on one side and white on the other, mounted on a spindle inside a partially evacuated glass bulb, so that the vanes rotate when illuminated with sunlight. Also Crookes radiometer, Crookes's radiometer.Invented by Sir William Crookes to illustrate the transformation of radiant energy into mechanical energy, but now chiefly used for amusement. It has also been used to measure the intensity of sound by means of its radiation pressure. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > [noun] > instrument for measuring radiometer1875 spectroradiometer1923 planchet1947 the world > matter > physics > energy or power of doing work > [noun] > change from one to another > instrument illustrating radiometer1875 the world > matter > physics > mechanics > dynamics > thermodynamics > [noun] > instrument illustrating principle radiometer1875 Crookes radiometer1884 the world > matter > physics > science of sound > [noun] > instrument measuring intensity radiometer1905 Rayleigh disc1913 sound meter1928 1875 W. Crookes in Proc. Royal Soc. 23 377 The luminous rays..repel the black surface more energetically than they do the white surface. Taking advantage of this fact, the author has constructed an instrument which he calls a radiometer. 1885 Encycl. Brit. XIX. 249/1 In Crookes's radiometer the free path is very long. 1893 R. S. Ball Story of Sun 256 Highly rarefied gas like that contained in one of Mr. Crookes's radiometers. 1905 R. W. Wood in Physical Rev. 20 113 It occurred to me that a mill-wheel or radiometer driven by these [sound] waves would be useful for purposes of demonstration in treating of radiation pressure. 1930 R. H. Baker Astron. x. 396 Abbot,..working with the 100-inch reflector, made use of delicate radiometers, having vanes of blackened bits of fly-wings, to measure the energy in different parts of the spectrum. 1966 McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. (rev. ed.) XI. 317/2 The Crookes radiometer survives in jewelers' windows as a ‘perpetual motion’ device. 2001 Brit. Jrnl. Hist. Sci. 34 73 His [sc. Crookes's] trials of different designs resulted in the ‘radiometer’ or ‘light mill’ for the measurement of radiation. b. Any device used to measure the energy or power of electromagnetic radiation, now esp. infrared. ΚΠ 1905 Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. 19 371 The radiometer and spectroscope have given us valuable data regarding the condition and stages of the so-called fixed stars. 1930 Ecology 11 61 The radiometer..consists of a constantan-silver thermopile, a portable microammeter, and a small resistance box. 1953 Brit. Jrnl. Psychol. 44 280 The heat intensity required to produce pain was measured with a radiometer. 1963 G. L. Pickard Descriptive Physical Oceanogr. vi. 92 The downward directed component of the long-wave radiation term..is determined by means of a radiometer. 1969 Times 19 Feb. 13/6 An infra-red radiometer will map the temperature across the surface of Mars. 1977 R.A.F. News 11 May 11/1 Radiometers to measure infra-red and solar radiation. 2002 Times 21 Feb. i. 10/6 (caption) Microwave radiometer (MWR) can measure the total amount of water vapour in clouds lying within a 12-mile footprint beneath the satellite. 2. Any of various instruments used to determine the amount of X-radiation administered to a patient (typically by means of a colour change in crystals exposed to the X-rays); a radiation dosimeter. Also (in quot. 1994): a radiation badge. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > treatment by radiation > [noun] > by X-rays > apparatus measuring X-rays radiometer1905 quantimeter1906 qualimeter1911 1904 Sci. Abstr. A. 7 362 A ‘chromo-radiometer’ has been invented by Holzknecht, which consists of two parts—a measurer and a comparative scale.] 1905 Lancet 24 June 1715/2 His [sc. Sabouraud's] radiometer is based upon the fact that the platino-cyanide of barium of the spectroscopic screen becomes darkened under the action of the x rays. 1912 Med. Ann. 73 The..method of using Holzknecht's new radiometer for the more exact measurement of the x-ray dose. 1917 Amer. Jrnl. Nursing 18 88 The Sabouraud and Noire radiometer: This is a little tablet or pastille covered with barium platino-cyanid... Different shades of the pastille correspond to different doses. 1934 H. Davies Pract. X-ray Therapy iii. 31 (caption) Holzknecht radiometer, showing both halves of the pastille in position. 1994 D. Wojahn Late Empire 75 Step in, zip up. The mask, the skullcap, the rubber gloves reaching up to the elbows, the pike, the radiometer. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹1728n.²1875
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radiometern.1

radiometern.2

radiometern.¹

radiometern.²