benzo-comb. form
Chemistry.
1. A formative of the names of substances belonging to, or derived from, the benzene series.
benzamide n.
Brit. 
/ˈbɛnzəmʌɪd/
, /ˈbɛnzəmʌɪd/U.S. /ˈbɛnzəˌmaɪd/
C7H7NO, the amide of benzoic acid, a crystalline substance./ˈbɛnzəˌmaɪd/ΚΠ
1850 C. G. B. Daubeny Introd. Atomic Theory (ed. 2) viii. 244 Benzamide was regarded as a compound of a body called amidogen (H2N)..with the radical of benzoic acid.
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benzhydrol n. /ˌbɛnzˈhaɪˌdrɑl/, /ˌbɛnzˈhaɪˌdroʊl/ a camphor obtained from oil of cassia, or one of its constituents.
Brit. /bɛnzˈhʌɪdrɒl/
, /bɛnzˈhʌɪdrɒl/U.S. /ˌbɛnzˈhaɪˌdrɔl/
, /ˌbɛnzˈhaɪˌdrɔl//ˌbɛnzˈhaɪˌdrɑl//ˌbɛnzˈhaɪˌdroʊl/ benzidine n. /ˈbɛnzᵻdɪn/,
Brit. /ˈbɛnzᵻdiːn/
, /ˈbɛnzᵻdiːn//ˈbɛnzᵻdɪn/U.S. /ˈbɛnzəˌdin/
an organic alkali, C12H12N2, deposited in crystals by the reduction of azobenzene./ˈbɛnzəˌdin/ΚΠ
1878 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 34 668 This glyoxal derivative of benzidine differs from the preceding compounds.
1916 C. F. Cross & E. J. Bevan Text-bk. Paper-making (ed. 4) ix. 261 Benzidine is para-diamino-diphenyl, composed of two benzene rings joined together, each containing the amino radical NH2.
1946 Nature 30 Nov. 791/2 Such soil extracts gave a strong blue coloration with benzidine.
1966 G. P. Ellis Mod. Textbk. Org. Chem. xiv. 366 Benzidine (4, 4′-diaminodiphenyl)..is obtained by an interesting isomerization (the benzidine rearrangement) of hydrazobenzene..when it is heated with an acid.
1967 R. R. Karch & E. J. Buber Graphic Arts Procedures: Offset Processes vii. 268 Benzidine yellows also are very strong, but not as fast to light as the Hansa yellows, but are more transparent.
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benzil n.
Brit. /ˈbɛnzɪl/
, /ˈbɛnzɪl/U.S. /ˈbɛnˌzɪl/
(also benzile) a yellowish crystalline substance, C14H10O2, formed by the action of oxidizing agents on benzoin./ˈbɛnˌzɪl/Categories »
benzilam n.
Brit. /ˈbɛnzᵻlam/
, /ˈbɛnzᵻlam/U.S. /ˈbɛnzəˌlæm/
see benzilim n./ˈbɛnzəˌlæm/ benzilic acid n.
Brit. /bɛnˌzɪlɪk ˈasɪd/
, /bɛnˌzɪlɪk ˈasɪd/U.S. /bɛnˌzɪlɪk ˈæsəd/
C14H12O3; a salt of which is a ˈbenzilate./bɛnˌzɪlɪk ˈæsəd/ΚΠ
1877 H. Watts Fownes's Man. Elem. Chem. 825 Benzilic Acid is produced by the action of alcoholic potash on benzoin.
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benzilim n.
Brit. /ˈbɛnzᵻlɪm/
, /ˈbɛnzᵻlɪm/U.S. /ˈbɛnzəˌlɪm/
(benzilimide) products of the action of ammonia on benzil./ˈbɛnzəˌlɪm/ benzoate n.
Brit. /ˈbɛnzəʊeɪt/
, /ˈbɛnzəʊeɪt/U.S. /ˈbɛnzoʊˌeɪt/
a salt of benzoic acid; hence, ˈbenzoated adj./ˈbɛnzoʊˌeɪt/ΚΠ
1807 H. Davy in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 97 18 Benzoate of ammonia, and alum were used.
1815 W. Henry Elements Exper. Chem. (ed. 7) II. i. xx. 211 The compounds, which it [sc. benzoic] forms with alkaline and earthy bases, called benzoates.
1876 S. W. Gross Gross's Pract. Treat. Dis. Bladder (ed. 3) i. ix. 274 Excoriations..must be prevented by..the application of Benzoated zinc ointment.
benzocaine n.
Brit. /ˈbɛnzəkeɪn/
, /ˈbɛnzəkeɪn/U.S. /ˈbɛnzəˌkeɪn/
[-caine, after cocaine n.] a white crystalline powder, ethyl para-amino-benzoate, used mainly as a local anæsthetic./ˈbɛnzəˌkeɪn/ΚΠ
1922 Chem. Abstr. 1487 Benzocaine..was formerly made in Germany and sold under the name ‘anesthesine’. The Council on Pharmacy and Chemistry of the Am. Med. Assoc. adopted the newer name.
1959 Sunday Graphic 25 Jan. 4 (advt.) De Witt's Antibiotic Throat Lozenges also employ benzocaine, the swift pain~killer.
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benzoicin n.
Brit. /bɛnˈzəʊᵻsɪn/
, /bɛnˈzəʊᵻsɪn/U.S. /bɛnˈzoʊəˌsɪn/
an artificial fat obtained by the action of benzoic acid on glycerin./bɛnˈzoʊəˌsɪn/Categories »
benzone n.
Brit. /ˈbɛnzəʊn/
, /ˈbɛnzəʊn/U.S. /ˈbɛnˌzoʊn/
the ketone of benzoic acid (diphenyl ketone), a crystalline substance./ˈbɛnˌzoʊn/Categories »
benzonitrile n. /ˌbɛnzoʊˈnaɪˌtraɪl/ cyanide of phenyl, C7H5N, a clear, colourless oil, smelling like bitter almonds.
Brit. /ˌbɛnzəʊˈnʌɪtrʌɪl/
, /ˌbɛnzəʊˈnʌɪtrʌɪl/U.S. /ˌbɛnzoʊˈnaɪtrᵻl/
, /ˌbɛnzoʊˈnaɪtrᵻl//ˌbɛnzoʊˈnaɪˌtraɪl/Categories »
benzophenone n. /ˌbɛnzəʊˈfiːnəʊn/, /ˌbɛnzoʊˈfiˌnoʊn/ (=benzone n.).
Brit. /ˌbɛnzəʊfᵻˈnəʊn/
, /ˌbɛnzəʊfᵻˈnəʊn//ˌbɛnzəʊˈfiːnəʊn/U.S. /ˌbɛnzoʊfəˈnoʊn/
, /ˌbɛnzoʊfəˈnoʊn//ˌbɛnzoʊˈfiˌnoʊn/ benzoyl n.
Brit. /ˈbɛnzəʊɪl/
, /ˈbɛnzəʊɪl/U.S. /ˈbɛnzəwəl/
the hypothetical radical, C7H5O, of benzoic acid and its kindred compounds; hence, benzoˈylic adj./ˈbɛnzəwəl/ΚΠ
1868 H. B. Jones & H. Watts Fownes's Man. Elem. Chem. (ed. 10) 750 Hippuric acid, or Benzamidacetic acid..is produced by the action of benzoyl chloride on the zinc salt of amidacetic acid.
benzpyrene n.
Brit. /bɛnzˈpʌɪriːn/
, /bɛnzˈpʌɪriːn/U.S. /bɛnzˈpaɪˌrin/
[pyrene n.2] a carcinogenic hydrocarbon found in coal-tar, etc./bɛnzˈpaɪˌrin/ΚΠ
1927 A. W. Stewart Rec. Adv. Org. Chem. (ed. 5) I. vi. 123 The polyketide derivatives yield members of the pyrone, benzopyrone, benzpyrene, pyridine, and isoquinolone series.
1951 M. J. D. White in G. H. Bourne Cytology (ed. 2) v. 221 1, 2, 5, 6-dibenzanthracene and benzpyrene..have been shown to produce chromosome rearrangements in Drosophila.
benzyl n. /ˈbɛnzɪl/,
Brit. /ˈbɛnzʌɪl/
, /ˈbɛnzʌɪl//ˈbɛnzɪl/U.S. /ˈbɛnˌzɪl/
the hypothetical radical, C6H5.CH2, contained in benzyl alcohol and many other substances; hence, benˈzylic adj./ˈbɛnˌzɪl/ΚΠ
1865 C. B. Mansfield Theory of Salts 399 Two of the atoms of Carbon in the Benzylic molecule.
1866 H. E. Roscoe Lessons Elem. Chem. xxxix. 335 This is termed the Benzyl series.
1920 Lancet 4 Sept. 512/1 A man..complained of persistent hiccough... He was given a 20 per cent. solution of benzyl benzoate.
1932 Times 1 Nov. (Brit. Industries no.) p. xxiv/4 A recent development in the plastics industry involves the use of esters and derivatives of cellulose or wood fibre, such as benzyl cellulose.
1947 Arnstein & Cook in Brit. Jrnl. Exper. Path. XXVIII. 94 The present paper records..experiments leading to the final identification of the major constituent of the material as penicillin-II (penicillin-G or benzylpenicillin).
1951 V. E. Yarsley & Kitchen in H. M. Langton Synthetic Resins (ed. 3) ii. 107 Benzyl cellulose..is thermoplastic and can be heated up to 180° C without fear of decomposition.
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benzylamine n. /ˈbɛnzl̩əmiːn/,
Brit. /ˈbɛnzᵻləmiːn/
, /ˈbɛnzᵻləmiːn//ˈbɛnzl̩əmiːn/U.S. /ˈbɛnzələˌmin/
N.C7H7.H2, an aromatic base metameric with toluidine, a colourless liquid./ˈbɛnzələˌmin/Categories »
benzylene n. /ˈbɛnzl̩iːn/,
Brit. /ˈbɛnzᵻliːn/
, /ˈbɛnzᵻliːn//ˈbɛnzl̩iːn/U.S. /ˈbɛnzəˌlin/
a hypothetical diatomic radical, C7H6, found in chlorobenzyl; hence, benzyˈlenic adj./ˈbɛnzəˌlin/ 2. Also in innumerable combinations as benz-hydramide; benzo-acetic, benzo-carbolic, benzo glycolic, benzo-lactic, benzo-tartaric, etc.
ΚΠ
1882 Boston Jrnl. Chem. Feb. 13/2 It is a by-product in the manufacture of benzaldehyde, benzoic acid, and benzoic ethers.
Draft additions March 2008
benzoquinone n. /ˌbɛnzəʊkwᵻˈnəʊn/, /ˌbɛnzoʊˈkwɪˌnoʊn/ either of two isomeric yellow crystalline compounds, having a structure similar to benzene but with two hydrogen atoms replaced by oxygen atoms to form carbonyl groups; (also) any substituted derviative of these; also called quinone.Formula: C6H4O2.
Brit. /ˌbɛnzəʊˈkwɪnəʊn/
, /ˌbɛnzəʊˈkwɪnəʊn//ˌbɛnzəʊkwᵻˈnəʊn/U.S. /ˌbɛnzoʊkwᵻˈnoʊn/
, /ˌbɛnzoʊkwᵻˈnoʊn//ˌbɛnzoʊˈkwɪˌnoʊn/ΚΠ
1888 Science 13 Jan. 20/1 (title) On carboxylated derivatives of benzoquinone.
1951 I. L. Finar Org. Chem. I. xxvii. 713 The yellow colour of p-benzoquinone is due to the presence of the quinonoid structure.
1990 Carcinogenesis 11 1349/1 The carcinogenicity of benzene has be considered to be in part mediated by its chemically reactive metabolic product benzoquinone.
2003 New Scientist 6 Sept. 22/2 The millipedes secrete toxic chemicals called benzoquinones, apparently to fend off predators.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
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