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radishn.Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from French. Etymons: Latin rādīc-, rādīx; French radich, radice. Etymology: Originally < classical Latin rādīc-, rādīx (see radix n.), with palatalization of the final plosive in English. Subsequently reinforced by Anglo-Norman radich, Anglo-Norman and Middle French radice (13th cent. in Anglo-Norman; an assumption of currency in Old French in the late 12th cent. appears to be unfounded; French radis ) < classical Latin rādīc- , rādīx . Compare Italian radice (a1320; specific sense of radice root (a1292; 1282 in a regional (Bologna) text as raixe )). Compare race n.2 and the words from Romance languages cited at that entry.The Latin word was also borrowed into other Germanic languages at an early date; compare Middle Dutch radic , Old Saxon redik (Middle Low German rēdik , rētik , reddik , etc.), Old High German ratih , (in late sources, with i-mutation) retih (Middle High German retich , German Rettig , (now usually) Rettich ), and also ( < Middle Low German) Danish ræddike (17th cent. as reddike ), Old Swedish (in late sources) rädikia , rätikia , etc. (Swedish rättika ). In the early 16th cent., Middle French radis was borrowed into Middle Dutch as radijs (Dutch radijs ), whence Middle Low German (rare) radīs , early modern German radies , radis (German Radies , (now usually, with diminutive suffix) Radieschen ), and (via Middle Low German or German) Danish radise , (now rare) radis , Swedish rädisa , †radis . In German and the Scandinavian languages, the two words denote different varieties of radish; compare e.g. German Rettich ‘large white radish’ vs. Radieschen ‘small round red-skinned radish’. In sense 2 and in the compound radish communist n. apparently originally after similar uses of Russian rediska ‘(small red) radish’ by Trotsky (compare quot. 1919 at sense 2) and Stalin (compare quot. 1958 for radish communist n. at Compounds 2), with allusion to the appearance of the vegetable. However, these uses have not been traced, although P. N. Miljukov Rossija na perelome (1927) I. 157 cites a similar, slightly later use by Trotsky (c1922). 1. the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > vegetables > root vegetable > [noun] > radish the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular vegetables > [noun] > root vegetables > radish α. eOE (Royal) (1865) i. xx. 64 Wiþ sidan sare.., bogen & redic & hwiteclæfran wyrc to clame. OE (1955) 111 Raphanum et radix, rædic. c1225 ( Ælfric Gloss. (Worcester) in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker (1884) I. 545 Rafanum, redic [OE St. John's Oxf. rædic]. a1300 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker (1884) I. 556/20 Raffarium..redich. 1381 Diuersa Servicia in C. B. Hieatt & S. Butler (1985) 79 Tak hony and rotys of radich & grynd yt smal. a1425 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker (1884) I. 645 Raparium, raddyk. a1543 in A. Amherst (1896) 75 (MED) Herbes for Potage..Radiche, White pyper, Cabagez, [etc.]. β. ?c1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac (Paris) (1971) 149 (MED) He..techeþ to make plastres to dissolue of þe rote of pacience, of radisshe [L. raphani], of wylde gourde. tr. Palladius (Duke Humfrey) (1896) ix. 44 (MED) Radish female hath litel bitternesse.1526 f. xixv Take ysop Rosemary Planten and the roote of Radysshe.1579 T. Lupton v. 110 Take..ye roote of Bryony, of Beetes, of Radysh, and of whyte Lyllies: whereof make a Lynyment.1616 B. Jonson Every Man in his Humor (rev. ed.) i. v, in I. 18 We will haue a bunch of redish, and salt, to tast our wine.1652 W. Blith xxxix. 248 You may Plant your garden with Onions, Reddishes, or any sallet herb.1669 J. Evelyn (ed. 3) 22 August... Sow Raddish, especially the Black, to prevent running up to seed.1718 J. Quincy 158 Radish..is much in Diet amongst our Spring-Sallets, but little used as Medicine.1774 P. Proctor et al. IV. Radish, in botany, a genus of plants, the flower of which consists of four leaves.1785 W. Cowper iv. 173 Enjoyed, spare feast! a radish and an egg.1825 J. L. Motley Let. 31 May in (1889) I. i. 4 We have..planted a good many things, such as corn, radishes, water and musk melons, etc.1853 E. Bulwer-Lytton I. iv. viii. 300 It was with some such tract that Lenny was seasoning his crusts and his radishes.1914 ‘B. M. Bower’ 169 You can pull the weeds out of his radishes.1987 26 Aug. 41/1 Radishes, tomatoes, cucumbers and the like are very often added to green salads in England.2005 106 276 In northern China, radish is widely cultivated and generally planted in raised beds in spring and autumn.the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular vegetables > [noun] > root vegetables > radish > types of radish lOE 9 Arboratio [read armoracia], vilde redic. 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens v. xxxvii. 599 Mountayne Radish or Rayfort hath great brode leaues, in fashion lyke to the great Docke. 1597 J. Gerard ii. vi. 186 Wilde Radish hath a broader & rougher leafe than the common Radish. 1682 N. Grew iv. 288 Even the Juyce of Horse Radish, which bleeds at the Lympheducts, is of a sweet Taste. 1731 P. Miller I. at Raphanus The small round-rooted Radish is not very common in England. 1763 J. Mills IV. 38 The Naples radish, which has a very white, round, small, and sweet root. 1804 12 93 The oliferous Chinese radish..is much cultivated in Piedmont and the Milanese. 1867 (new ed.) I. 537/1 It is called the Rat-tail Radish, and the edible part or ‘radish’ is not the root, but the seed-pod in a green state. 1949 Aug. 213/2 In India the rat-tailed radish..is grown for its fleshy, edible seed pods. 1977 May 25/2 You will be delighted by these selections, served with soy, Japanese horseradish, and daikon (white radish). 2005 Oct. 86/3 Kaiware (pronounced kai-WAH-ray) are the immature stems and leaves of the ubiquitous Japanese radish, the daikon. society > authority > rule or government > politics > political philosophy > communism > [noun] > adherent of > professed but not active 1919 31 Oct. 11/1 A ‘radish’ is a man who fervently professes devotion to the Communist cause while harbouring a secret longing for its overthrow. Red outside, but white..inside. The epithet was invented by Trotsky. 1996 (Nexis) 11 Apr. a1 In Poland, we call communists ‘radishes’—they're only red on the outside. Compounds C1. a. 1800 35 It then visibly shot forward, and extended over the radish bed like a white linen sheet. 1855 ‘E. S. Delamer’ 115 The traveller who has no radish-bed to go to. 1925 29 Mar. He..gave up the dream of the suburban cottage, the fresh air and the radish-bed in the spring. ?1720 in (Brit. Mus.) (1873) II. 431 Radish Oil. 1927 R. O. Brooks 168 Fatty mustard oil and radish oil from Raphanus sativus. 1995 100 884/2 The cheaper but malodorous radish oil had a large share of the market. 1728 E. Smith (ed. 2) Index Radish Pods pickled. 1855 ‘E. S. Delamer’ 132 Radish-pods..make an excellent pickle. 1913 J. E. Rogers 164 Warm countries of the Old World use radish pods very commonly. 1992 65/3 For a good-tasting salad garnish, try peppery Munchen Bier radish pods. c1300 in T. Hunt (1990) v. 225 Persil-rote, fenoil-rote, radich-rote .m. .i. c1440 33 (MED) Þan tak radik rute, ysop, betoyne..stamp þam smalle. 1583 P. Barrough i. xiii. 14 Specially let the patient refraine from suche things as doe send aboundaunce of sharpe vapours vp to the head, as be garlicke, oynions, mustard, raddishe rootes, and such like. 1626 F. Bacon §408 A Beet-Root, a Borrage-Root, and a Raddish-Root. 1759 J. Hill I. 86 Each divides again in two, and the Clusters are then twenty-four: such as we find them in a full-grown Radish Root. 1868 S. E. Todd i. 37 In one pot he placed..a portion of a radish root. 1972 59 744/1 The radish root..grows well in culture. eOE (Royal) (1865) i. xlvi. 114 Drenc wið þon, rædices sæd & caules gnid on eala oþþe on win, drince wiþ anawyrme lange & gelome oþ þæt sel sie.] ?c1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac (Paris) (1971) 391 (MED) Rasis commaundeth þat it be frotede..with an oynement made of moloyne..of elebor, of mustarde, and of radisshe sede [L. semine raphani]. 1538 T. Elyot Cortinon, radyshe seede. 1626 F. Bacon §401 There were sown in a Bed, Turnip-seed, Radish-seed [etc.]. 1794 J. Boys 18 Radish seed is commonly sown on these lands instead of beans, for the London market. 1993 M. Gee (1994) 18 He trickles radish seeds into the furrow and palms earth on top and pats it down. b. 1753 Suppl. at Sisymbrium The short-podded radish-leaved water-sisymbrium. C2. 1958 C. Bowles ii. i. 14 At the Potsdam Conference in 1945..Stalin referred to the Chinese Communists scathingly as ‘radish Communists’. They are red, he said, ‘only on the outside.’ 1985 (Nexis) 26 Mar. 9 Although the Afghan Communist Party claims 200,000 members..only about 1,000 of these truly believe in communism. The rest are ‘radish communists’. 1841 T. W. Harris 415 The radish-fly is called Anthomyia Raphani, in my ‘Catalogue’, from the botanical name of the radish, on the root of which its larvæ feed. 1878 I. F. Tillinghast 44 The striped flea-beetle... They are very destructive to the young plants of the cabbage family, are known by various names, such as turnip-fly, radish-fly, etc. 1915 7 Aug. 6/7 The cabbage fly, the onion fly, the lettuce fly and the radish fly, all of which do much damage to vegetation. 1966 15 July 7/5 Early radishes..grown under cheesecloth to keep small birds away and to reduce radish flies that sting the radishes and ruin them for consumption. the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > tree or shrub groups > poplars and allies > [noun] > Australian poplar 1898 E. E. Morris 378/1 Radish-Tree, an Australian timber-tree, Codonocarpus cotinifolius, called also Poplar in Central Australia. 1989 224 209/1 Moringa oleifera is commonly known as either the horseradish tree, drumstick tree, radish tree, or West Indian ben. Derivatives 1712 (Royal Soc.) 27 385 Auriculated, or rather small wing'd Radish-like Leaves. 1870 4 356 The Sea-rocket.., a radish-like plant. 1983 S. Plant tr. M. Moser iii. 336 Taste radish-like and bitterish. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.eOE |