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单词 rain
释义

rainn.1

Brit. /reɪn/, U.S. /reɪn/
Forms: Old English hrægn (rare), Old English hren (rare), Old English rægn (rare), Old English regen (rare), Old English regn, Old English reng (rare), Old English–Middle English ren, late Old English hregn, late Old English ræn, late Old English reign, late Old English–1500s rein, early Middle English ræiȝn, early Middle English ræin, early Middle English rænæs (genitive), early Middle English ray (perhaps transmission error), early Middle English reȝȝn ( Ormulum), early Middle English repe (transmission error), early Middle English rne (transmission error), Middle English ran, Middle English reigne, Middle English reine, Middle English rene, Middle English reygne, Middle English reynne, Middle English rien, Middle English–1500s reyn, Middle English–1500s reyne, Middle English–1600s raine, Middle English–1600s rayn, Middle English–1600s rayne, Middle English– rain, 1500s raygne, 1800s raain (English regional (Berkshire)), 1800s ryne (Irish English (Wexford)); Scottish pre-1700 raane, pre-1700 raine, pre-1700 ran, pre-1700 rane, pre-1700 rayn, pre-1700 rayne, pre-1700 rean, pre-1700 reyn, pre-1700 1700s– rain, pre-1700 1900s– ren, 1800s rein (in compounds, rare), 1900s– rehn (north-eastern).
Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.
Etymology: Cognate with Old Frisian rein (West Frisian rein), Old Dutch rēgan (Middle Dutch rēgen, rēghen, rein, Dutch regen), Old Saxon regan, regin, (in compounds) regen (Middle Low German rēgen), Old High German regan, regen, regin (Middle High German regen, German Regen), Old Icelandic regn, Old Swedish räghn (Swedish regn, (now rare) rägn), Old Danish reghen, reyn (Danish regn), Gothic rign, Crimean Gothic reghen; further etymology unknown. The word has no secure cognates in other Indo-European languages.In sense 5 after French pluie (1629 in this sense, in the passage translated in quot. 1629).
I. Senses relating to water vapour.
1.
a. Condensed moisture of the atmosphere falling to the ground visibly in separate drops; the fall of such drops; rainwater.acid rain, storm of rain: see the first element.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > precipitation or atmospheric moisture > rain > [noun]
raineOE
R1779
waterworks1806
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > falling > [noun] > dropping or falling vertically > copious downfall from above
raineOE
showerOE
hail1600
downpour1872
eOE (Mercian) Vespasian Psalter (1965) cxlvi. 8 Qui operit caelum nubibus et parat terrae pluuiam : se oferwirð heofen mid wolcnum & gearwað eorðan regn.
OE Ælfric Old Eng. Hexateuch: Gen. (Claud.) vii. 4 Ic..sende ren nu embe seofan niht ofer eorðan.
lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) anno 1117 Ðises geares..wurdon ormætlica wædera mid þunre & lihtinge & reine & hagole.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 8678 Siþþenn fand ȝho mele inoh & elesæw to fode..till þatt..godd Gaff reȝȝn inoh onn eorþe.
a1250 in C. Brown Eng. Lyrics 13th Cent. (1932) 4 (MED) Ne beoð heo neuer i-dreaued mid winde ne mid reine.
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 582 Reyn gette dun on euerilk stede Fowerti dais and fowerti nigt.
c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) 1558 (MED) Hit semeþ sarasyns..þat prikeaþ as wynd & rayn.
a1440 Let. in Eng. Hist. Rev. (1940) 55 645 (MED) The tymbur of his hous is roten be the rayn that falleth theron.
a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll.) 1004 Furthewith there fylle a tempeste suddeyne of thundir and lyghtnynge and rayne.
a1500 (c1477) T. Norton Ordinal of Alchemy (BL Add.) (1975) 2221 (MED) Studientis in first philosophy Said Ayre condensid turned in to Rayne, And watir Rarified becom ayre agayne.
1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry i. f. 45v The Grasse being cutte,..yf it chaunce to be wette with rayne, it must not be turned, till the vpper part be dryed.
1635 J. Swan Speculum Mundi iv. §2. 64 The rain, proceeding from those vapours which we call the clouds.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost xi. 743 The thick'nd Skie Like a dark Ceeling stood; down rush'd the Rain Impetuous. View more context for this quotation
1710 J. Addison Tatler No. 218. ⁋2 A black Cloud falling to the Earth in long Trails of Rain.
1759 B. Stillingfleet tr. I. Biberg Oeconomy Nature in Misc. Tracts Nat. Hist. 59 In these the rain is collected, and preserved for thirsty men, birds, and beasts.
1787 T. Jefferson Notes Virginia vii. 200 By this table it appears we have an average 47 inches of rain annually.
1810 W. Scott Lady of Lake v. 212 Fierce Roderick..showered his blows like wintry rain.
1895 T. Hardy Jude vi. i. 413 The rain came on more heavily, and all who had umbrellas opened them.
1905 Baroness Orczy Scarlet Pimpernel ii. 15 The weather..had suddenly broken up; for two days torrents of rain had deluged the south of England.
1922 E. Wharton Glimpses of Moon (1992) ii. 159 Her nerves were racked by the ceaseless swish-swish of the rain on the dirty panes.
1988 R. Rendell Veiled One (1989) xiv. 188 Rain was streaming down the window, making the glass opaque.
2006 ‘L. Burana’ Try xix. 230 They buttoned their collars to keep the rain off their necks and slopped over toward the pudding bowl arena.
b. In proverbial and similative expressions. See also to know enough to come in out of the rain at Phrases 1, blessed (also happy) is the corpse the rain falls on at Phrases 2, (as) right as rain at Phrases 3.rain or shine: see shine n.1 3a.
[With quot. a1398 compare ancient Greek πέτρην κοιλαίνει ῥανὶς ὓδατος ἐνδελεχείῃ with persistence a drop of water hollows out the stone ( Choerilus of Samos Fragments x.), classical Latin gutta cavat lapidem a drop hollows out a stone ( Ovid Epist. 4. 10. 5).
In quots. 1654, 1766, 1979 with allusion to Matthew 5:45; compare:
1611 Bible (King James) Matt. v. 45 For he [sc. your father who is in heaven]..sendeth raine on the iust, and on the vniust.
]
ΚΠ
a1250 in C. Brown Eng. Lyrics 13th Cent. (1932) 15 (MED) Fair weder ofte him went to rene [v.r. repe].
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 87v Droppinge of reyne þurleþ a stone.
?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) i. l. 6726 Þe arwes com als þik as reyn.
1484 W. Caxton tr. Subtyl Historyes & Fables Esope ii. viii After the rayne cometh the fair weder [Fr. Apres la pluye vient le beau temps].
1654 R. Aylett Divine & Moral Speculations 109 Rain on bad and good alike do fall.
1670 J. Ray Coll. Eng. Prov. 135 Small rain lays great dust.
1766 ‘Claudero’ Misc. Prose & Verse 62 Rain falls upon the just and unjust; fire in like manner deprived this man of his All.
1845 R. Browning Twins in Poet. Wks. (1888–94) 90 Poor, who had plenty once, When gifts fell thick as rain.
1853 Notes & Queries 1st Ser. 8 218 Rain before seven, fine before eleven.
1889 Scribner's Mag. Sept. 278/1 But into each life some rain must fall.
1935 Jrnl. Amer. Folklore 48 195 If the rain comes before the wind Topsail halliards bear in mind. If the wind comes before the rain Hoist your topsails up again.
1961 A. Thirkell & C. A. Lejeune Three Score & Ten vii. 184 Ar, that were a bad sign for certain sure, rain before seven, fine before eleven, and stands to reason the contrairy [sic] holds.
1979 Guardian 16 June 8/2 The rain falleth upon the just and the unjust, though which is actually the unlucky lot seems in doubt.
1992 A. Gore Earth in Balance Introd. 16 The global environmental crisis is, as we say in Tennessee, real as rain.
2005 W. Wall This is Country 159 How's things with you? Mint, I say, apart from that fucker trying to nut me. Into each life some rain must fall.
2. In plural.
a. Falls of rain; episodes or periods of rainfall. Also with the: rainfalls collectively.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > precipitation or atmospheric moisture > rain > [noun] > a or the fall of rain
wetec897
rainsOE
raindropc1400
wetc1440
onfall1803
rainfall1817
rainfall1855
OE Blickling Homilies 51 On his onwealde is eal þes middangeard, & þas windas & ðas regnas syndon ealle his.
OE Old Eng. Martyrol. (Julius) 20 Mar. 36 Ðære lyfte gecynd is þæt heo tehð to þa renas of ðæm sealtan sæ.
lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) anno 1116 Ðis wæs swiðe geswincfull gear..þurh þa ormæte reinas þe coman sona onforan August.
c1175 ( in A. O. Belfour 12th Cent. Homilies in MS Bodl. 343 (1909) 48 Eft he bæd þat þeo heofen sealde ræiȝnæs [OE Vercelli renas] & ðeo eorðæ hire wæstmæs.
a1225 (c1200) Vices & Virtues (1888) 143 (MED) Godd him ihierde..and wið[h]eld alle reines þrie hier and six moneþes.
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 124 (MED) Sleȝþe..wereþ wyþ þet yeast be porueynge aye þe perils..Strengþ aye þet norþ..Iustice ay[e] þe west, a-ye þe wyckede raynes.
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) i. 2987 (MED) The stormes and the Reines falle, The wyndes blowe upon him alle.
a1438 Bk. Margery Kempe (1940) i. 96 (MED) Ther wer..gret tempestys þat ȝer of thunderys..of gret reynes & dyuers wederyngys.
c1475 ( Surg. Treat. in MS Wellcome 564 f. 53v (MED) He slepiþ longe & faste; he dremeþ of watris and of reynes.
1556 in J. G. Nichols Chron. Grey Friars (1852) 2 Thys yere felle gret raynes.
1582 Bible (Rheims) Acts xiv. 16 He left not himself without testimony, doing good from heaven, giving rains and fruitful seasons, filling our hearts with food and gladness.
1625 N. Carpenter Geogr. Delineated ii. i. 5 The extraordinary Raines & showers which those places suffer.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis i, in tr. Virgil Wks. 232 Whence proceed th'Eclipses of the Sun..and whence The Rains arise, and Fires their Warmth dispense.
1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 160 It [sc. an umbrella] cast off the Rains like a Penthouse, and kept off the Sun..effectually.
1762 G. G. Beekman Let. 9 Aug. in Beekman Mercantile Papers (1956) I. 415 For three months past have not had above six Rains, and not one of those to wet 3 Inches in the Ground.
1846 M. A. Denham Coll. Prov. & Pop. Sayings (Percy Soc.) 54 Many rains, many rowans.
1878 T. H. Huxley Physiography (ed. 2) 48 The heavy tropical rains are usually confined to definite periods.
1926 Blackwood's Mag. Dec. 718/1 Huts..squalid and filthy and stinking, but for the most part newly roofed with dhani thatch against the rains.
1948 Life 6 Sept. 103/1 (advt.) Between rains, Trico's ‘Two Little Squirts’ can wash away eye-straining dust, grime and roadsplash.
2006 Africa News (Nexis) 27 Mar. The current Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) south of the Equator is likely to bring about more good rains over the country during the next three weeks.
b. Chiefly with the. In certain regions, esp. in India: an annually recurring period of relatively high rainfall; = rainy season n. at rainy adj. Compounds 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > wet weather > [noun] > rainy season (tropical)
rains1615
rainy season1655
long rains1670
season1707
monsoon1747
high season1759
plum rains1894
wet1897
bai-u1910
kharif1920
1615 T. Elkington Let. to E. India Company 25 Feb. (BL: IOR/E/3/2/251) To invest itt in Indico to bee in Surrat before the raynes.
1616 T. Roe in W. Foster Embassy to Great Mogul (1899) I. 247 A storme of rayne called the Oliphant, vsuall at goeing out of the raynes.
1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 122 I had sav'd the few Ears of Barley and Rice..and now I thought it a proper Time to sow it after the Rains, the Sun being in its Southern Position.
1776 Trial Maha Rajah Nundocomar for Forgery 65/2 Was it..before the rains that the army came there?
1817 J. Mill Hist. Brit. India II. v. iv. 439 The distance of Madras would aid the Rajah in spinning out the time till the commencement of the rains.
1895 B. M. Croker Village Tales (1896) 125 One rains he died.
1911 F. H. Burnett Secret Garden vii. 64 Everything is hot, and wet, and green after the rains in India.
1966 C. Ekwensi Lokotown (1983) 120 Athletic and springy on her feet, except during the rains, when she usually went down with a touch of rheumatism.
1997 P. Melville Ventriloquist's Tale (1998) ii. 175 It signals the advent of the rains and in the Rupununi district of the Guianas, in the red, parched savannahs, the fish-runs begin.
†c. Nautical. An area of the Atlantic Ocean, in which rain is particularly frequent (see quot. 1728). Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1687 E. Halley in Philos. Trans. 1686–7 (Royal Soc.) 16 166 There are..constant Calms in that part of the Ocean, called the Raines.
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Rains, in the Sea Language, is all that Tract of Sea to the Northward of the Equator, between 4 and 10 Degrees of Latitude; and lying between the Meridian of Cape Verde, and that of the Eastermost Islands of the same Name.
1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Rains..exist between the north-east and south-east trade-winds, changing their latitude several degrees.
3. In singular. A fall of rain; a period, episode, or (specified) amount of rainfall. In later use chiefly North American, or with modifying adjective or phrase.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > precipitation or atmospheric moisture > rain > [noun] > a kind of
rain?c1225
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > precipitation or atmospheric moisture > rain > [noun] > a or the fall of rain > shower
showerOE
rain showerOE
rain?c1225
shatter1875
dag-
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 181 Amuche wint alið wið anlute rein [a1400 Pepys a litel rayn felleþ a gret wynde].
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 3326 On morgen fel hem a dew a-gein; First he wenden it [sc. manna] were a rein.
c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Wife of Bath's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) Prol. l. 706 Er that thonder stynte comth a reyn.
a1425 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (1987) iii. 656 Lord, this is an huge rayn! This were a weder for to slepen inne.
a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail l. 439 (MED) From hevene..it Cam þere In semblaunce Of Ryht A gret Reyn, and Into the fer it discended ful pleyn.
c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) xiv. 39 A small rayne abatyth a grete wynd.
1597 T. Morley Plaine & Easie Introd. Musicke 69 It is no maruayle to see a Snayle after a Rayne to creep out of his shell.
1664 J. Evelyn Kalendarium Hortense 60 in Sylva Rub Moss off your Trees after a soaking Rain.
1695 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 19 495 A small drizling Rain..encreased to a very plentiful shower.
1711 J. Swift Jrnl. to Stella 1 Aug. (1948) I. 324 The queen and I..were both hindered by a sudden rain.
1766 T. Jefferson Let. 25 May in Papers (1950) I. 19 On the second [day] I drove two hours through as copious a rain as ever I have seen.
1833 C. Williams Fall River App. f. 04v A rain, the first the earth had been blest with for some time, fell on that day.
1853 G. J. Cayley Las Alforjas II. 51 Set off in a mizzling rain.
1892 R. L. Stevenson & L. Osbourne Wrecker xix. 306 I had no taste..for a long drive at that hour of the night and in so merciless a rain.
1904 J. London Sea-wolf xxv. 239 The gray mist drove by us like a rain.
1956 N. Algren Walk on Wild Side ii. 165 The smells of coffee-and-banana dock, warehouse and orange-wharfed shore were borne into the room on the wash of a rain that had no shore at all.
1974 N. Gordimer Conservationist 218 The rain went on all night—a really good rain..steady and soaking.
2005 Canad. Geographic July 34/2 It [sc. mudstone] is hard-baked, but after a rain it becomes so slippery that young staffers ski down its slopes.
II. Extended uses.
4. Frequently with of.
a. The descent of particles of a substance or of objects falling in the manner of rain; an instance of this; (also) such particles or objects themselves. Also frequently applied to a series of pummelling blows.
ΚΠ
OE Vercelli Homilies (1992) xv. 256 Þanon cymeð swiðe mycel blodig regn of ðam wolcne ofer ealle eorðan.
OE Vercelli Homilies (1992) xxi. 359 On ðam dæge us byð ætywed..se blodiga stream & seo mycle fyrhto þara feonda & se fyrena ren, hæðenra granung & hyra heriga fyll.
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 1110 Sone so loth ut of sodome cam, Brend-fier rein ðe burge bi-nam.
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1872) IV. 27 (MED) In meny places of Italy blood sprang..out of þe welles, and reyn of melk [L. pluvia lactea] come doun from hevene.
a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Ecclus. xliii. 20 The iȝe schal wondre on the fairnesse of whitnesse therof [sc. of the snow]; and an herte dredith on the reyn [a1382 E.V. weder; L. imbrem] therof.
a1542 T. Wyatt Coll. Poems (1969) 22 A rayn of teris, a clowde of derk disdain.
1563 W. Fulke Meteors iv. f. 53 So came the straunge rayne of iron.
1608 J. Sylvester in tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. (new ed.) Briefe Index sig. Nnn2v/1 Iupiters golden Raine in the lap of Danae.
a1676 J. Dunton Heavenly Pastime (1685) xvi. 62 Who hath ever heard that the World was watred with a rain of Sulphur?
1708 J. Philips Cyder ii. 192 O, may'st thou often see Thy furrows whiten'd by the woolly rain Nutriceous.
1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. These rains of frogs always happen after very dry seasons.
1822 P. B. Shelley Hellas 20 The batteries blazed, Kneading them down with fire and iron rain.
1859 C. Dickens Tale of Two Cities ii. xxi. 147 She..remained immovable close to him when the long-gathering rain of stabs and blows fell heavy.
1935 T. S. Eliot Murder in Cathedral ii. 75 A rain of blood has blinded my eyes.
1958 J. Wain Contenders vi. 132 Mrs. Sienkiewicz glared at me; I watched her hands, ready to beat off any sudden rain of blows.
2004 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 26 Oct. d5/4 Black rain, the atomic soot that fell for days after the [Hiroshima] explosion,..covered inhabitants for days.
b. figurative and in figurative contexts. A descent or liberal bestowal of something immaterial, (in early use) esp. as a gift of God. Also of material things: a large or overwhelming quantity or supply; a profusion.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > abundance > [noun] > profuseness, luxuriousness, or lushness > a profusion or lavish abundance > viewed as flowing or falling
stream971
flood1340
affluencec1390
showera1425
spatec1425
delugec1430
rain1590
spring tide1592
cataract?1614
flux1678
c1350 Apocalypse St. John: A Version (Harl. 874) (1961) 55 (MED) Þai ne stiren nouȝth þe reynes [v.r. reyn] of grace forto duellen in þe hertes of þe synful.
?a1425 tr. Catherine of Siena Orcherd of Syon (Harl.) (1966) 70 (MED) Heuene was not til þat tyme vndo wiþ þe keye of his precious blood, and þe reyn of riȝtwiisnes wolde suffre no man to passe.
c1475 (a1400) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 307 (MED) Siche cloudis..temperen not þe erþe bi reyn..men..occupien siche prelatis state bi gabbyng..& not bi reyn of goddis word.
1590 T. Lodge Rosalynde (1592) sig. I2v Looke on mine eyes made red with rufull teares, From whence the raine of true remorse descendeth.
a1636 J. Rogers Godly Expos. First Epist. Peter (1650) iii. 430 Attend on Gods house, let the rain of the Word soak into thine heart.
1667 E. Waterhouse Short Narr. Fire London 116 This Rain of Fertility after Englands Sultre of war and dissension.
1739 J. Miller tr. Molière Cit turn'd Gentleman v. v. 172 The Rain of Prosperity waters, at all Seasons, the Garden of your Family.
1774 J. Wesley Let. 12 Apr. (1931) VI. 78 When it pleases God to take any of His children to Himself..He usually sends a gracious rain upon the survivors.
1820 P. B. Shelley To Skylark in Prometheus Unbound 203 From thy presence showers a rain of melody.
1889 ‘M. Twain’ Connecticut Yankee xxxviii. 488 He put on all his majesty and sat under this rain of contempt and insult unmoved.
1925 Times 16 Jan. 14/2 There was a constant rain of optimists pouring through this trade.
1942 R.A.F. Jrnl. 2 May 4 The continuous rain of pamphlets in all languages told of the enemy's defeats.
2005 St. Louis (Missouri) Post-Dispatch (Nexis) 28 July d1 In terms of volume, the rain of applause one might hear should Palmer play well this week would rival any thunderstorm.
5. A pyrotechnic mixture which produces a shower of brightly coloured sparks when lit; a firework producing such an effect; the shower itself. Frequently with modifying word, as azure rain, silver rain (see also golden rain n.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > light > firework > [noun] > parts of > composition producing shower of sparks
star1628
rain1629
shower1753
1629 F. Malthus tr. Treat. Artific. Fire-workes vii. (heading) How to make golden rayne [Fr. Comme il faut faire de la pluye d'or].
1684 R. Howlett School Recreat. (1701) 29 Golden Rain, or stremes of Fire, that will then at height descend in the Air like Rain.
1749 W. Frederick tr. G. Ruggieri & G. Sarti Descr. Machine for Fireworks 12, 130 Explosions of Serpents, Rains, and Stars.
1782 Encycl. Brit. IX. 6552/2 Gold rain for sky-rockets... Silver rain.
1819 C. Grotz Art of making Fireworks 17 To make Golden Rain.
1858 T. R. Jones Aquarian Naturalist 47 The azure, gold, and silver rain of the pyrotechnist.
1903 Times 5 Jan. 3/3 Showers of rockets and stars and golden rain..illuminated the whole city.
1950 Times 30 Dec. 4/2 Mr Alan St Hill Brock's talk on ‘Fireworks’ was accompanied by golden rain, shrill whistles, and explosions of gunpowder.
1969 Master Drawings 7 299/2 The lower part of this drawing shows how to make [the firework called] golden rain, formed of quills tamped with powder.
2004 Sun (Nexis) 26 Apr. Beams of light echo around the sky and fireworks erupt from every level as the performers dance a hornpipe in the silver rain.

Phrases

P1. to know enough to come in out of the rain (and variants): to have adequate common sense or intelligence; to ‘know what's what’; chiefly in negative contexts. Cf. to know enough to come (or go) in when it rains at rain v. Phrases 3.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > understanding > reason, faculty of reasoning > common sense > be sensible [phrase]
on one's feetOE
an old head on (also upon) young shoulders1591
to know enough to come in out of the rain1599
to have the (good) sense to (do something)1620
to have a (good, wise, etc.) head on (also upon) one's shoulders1659
to know enough to come (or go) in when it rains1797
to come (also get) down to brass tacks (or nails)1897
1599 H. Buttes Dyets Dry Dinner sig. B4 Fooles..have the wit to keep themselves out of the raine.
1848 F. A. Durivage Stray Subj. 95 Ham was one of 'em—he was! He ‘knew sufficient to get out of the rain’.
1884 ‘M. Twain’ Adventures Huckleberry Finn xiv. 112 De man dat think he kin settle a 'spute 'bout a whole chile wid a half a chile, doan' know enough to come in out'n de rain.
1920 ‘Sapper’ Bull-dog Drummond ii. 47 Either, James, I am a congenital idiot, and don't know enough to come in out of the rain; or we've hit the goods.
1932 ‘A. Gilbert’ Body on Beam i. 23 A girl who's lived..in Menzies Street knows when to come in out of the rain.
1999 J. Draycott Prince Rupert's Drop 39 Believing..that the servants didn't know enough to come in out of the rain, he has taken the path over the ha-ha in expectation of plenty.
P2. Proverb. blessed (also happy) is the corpse the rain falls on and variants: used to express the superstition that a person who is buried on a rainy day will fare well in the afterlife. Similarly blessed are the dead that the rain rains on, etc.Apparently with the implication that the heavens are weeping in sympathy. Sometimes used in conjunction with the phrase happy (also blessed) is the bride the sun shines on at bride n.1 Phrases 2.
ΚΠ
1607 ‘W. S.’ Puritaine i. sig. A4 Oh..such a sweete husband haue I lost, haue I lost?—if Blessed bee the coarse the raine raynes vpon, he had it powring downe.
1777 J. Brand Observ. Pop. Antiq. 53 Happy (says the Proverb) is..the Corpse the Rain rains on.
1837 W. H. Ainsworth Rookwood (ed. 4) ii. xi. 147 Blessed is the corpse the rain rains on. Sir Piers may be drenched through his leaden covering by such a downfall as that... The heavens will weep for him.
1917 E. Thomas Poems 55 Rain, midnight rain, nothing but the wild rain On this bleak hut... Blessed are the dead that the rain rains upon: But here I pray that none whom once I loved Is dying to-night.
2015 Daily News (N.Y.) (Nexis) 13 Nov. ‘Something came to mind on the way here,’ Mullins said. ‘An old Irish saying: Happy is the bride the sun shines on, happy is the corpse the rain falls on.’
P3. (as) right as rain: absolutely fine, perfect; (of a person) completely fit and well. Also as adv.: without any problem, perfectly.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > [phrase]
to rightsc1330
all (also everything) is gas and gaiters1839
(as) nice (also good, sweet, etc.) as pie1855
(as) right as rain1891
everything in the garden is lovely (also rosy)1898
she'll be right1947
1891 G. Parker in Good Words May 330 ‘Right as rain,’ said the engineers.
1894 E. Œ. Somerville & ‘M. Ross’ Real Charlotte II. xx. 78 If only this infernal Fitzpatrick girl would have stayed with her cads in Dublin everything would have been as right as rain.
1908 A. S. M. Hutchinson Once aboard Lugger vi. vi. 332 We'll pull through right as rain.
1951 S. H. Bell December Bride ii. xi. 169 The wean will be as right as rain in a day or two.
1970 P. Dickinson Seals i. 14 That damned gadget might..be functioning right as rain in thirty seconds, or it might be spitchered for ever.
2000 I. Edward-Jones My Canapé Hell (2001) x. 249 What she needs is some early nights, proper food and a few walks and she'll be right as rain.

Compounds

C1.
a. General attributive or in appositive use.
rain barrel n.
ΚΠ
1844 Mass. Ploughman 7 Sept. 2/5 The electricity descended the water spout and entering the rain barrel, diverged and passed out.., making a hole through the staves.
1945 N. L. McClung Stream runs Fast xxix. 283 A white house, with rain barrels at each side.
2000 Disability Now May 35/1 Attach a length of hosepipe to the tap of your rain barrel for easier watering.
rain blast n.
ΚΠ
1863 G. M. Hopkins Poems (1967) 12 But if the rain-blasts be unbound And from dank feathers wring the drops.
1935 Daily Times-News (Burlington, N. Carolina) 30 Dec. 1/5 Wilmington..had rain blasts and heavy sleet.
2005 N.Z. Herald (Nexis) 31 May Auckland sheltered from the wintry rain blasts sweeping across the city.
rain blur n.
ΚΠ
1920 Fort Wayne (Indiana) Jrnl.-Gaz. 2 May 20/7 Wizard windshield attachment... rain blur vanishes like magic.
2005 Herald Express (Torquay) (Nexis) 26 Jan. 8 Beyond the fields, stepping in and out of the rain blur, was Outer Froward Point and the Mew Stone.
rain cloud n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > cloud > [noun] > a cloud > rain-cloud
rain cloud1755
water wagon1815
water carrier1856
water boys1895
1727 Help Understanding of Holy Script. 70 It, whether Common-rain Cloud, or that with the Rain-bow in it, is turn'd round about by his [sc. God's] Counsels.]
1755 A. Berthelson tr. E. Pontoppidan Nat. Hist. Norway i. i. 25 We see them hover like rain-clouds.
1803 L. Howard On Modifications of Clouds 6 Cumulo-cirro-stratus vel Nimbus... The rain cloud.
1915 Chambers's Jrnl. Jan. 54/1 I planed into a rain-cloud yesterday.
2003 New Yorker 22 Sept. 158/2 During the ceremony, rain clouds had grumbled overhead and now the shower began.
rain-course n.
ΚΠ
1801 R. Southey Thalaba I. iii. 135 The winter torrent rolls Down the deep-channelled rain-course, foamingly.
1882 H. D. Rawnsley Sonnets at Eng. Lakes (ed. 2) 34 The shaggy heads and shoulders of the Pikes, sculptured by numerous rain-courses, suggest, at a distance, the appearance of mane and hair.
1909 Baedeker's Central Italy & Rome (ed. 15) vi. 44 Castelnuovo Beradenga, in a bleak district of barren clay-hills, deeply furrowed by rain-courses.
rain cult n.
ΚΠ
1894 M. C. Stevenson in C. S. Wake Mem. Internat. Congr. Anthropol. xxix. 315 A complete system of rain cult has been instituted by these people of an arid land.
1923 L. Spence Gods of Mexico i. 11 We shall..attempt to descry..an incipient rain-cult.
2002 Jrnl. South Afr. Stud. 28 180 Anthropological and historical research has usually focussed on either the rain cults or on nyau.
rain-curtain n.
ΚΠ
1855 Putnam's Monthly Mag. Feb. 120/1 South of us a grey rain-curtain was drawn across the river, shutting out everything beyond.
1926 M. Leinster Dew on Leaf ii. iii. 159 The rain-curtain that swayed like a grey chiffon veil before Rhona's window.
2006 Times Colonist (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) (Nexis) 6 July a1 The $350,000 feature..would include a 4.5-metre-high watering can emitting clouds of mist, a rain curtain and long sprays of water.
raindew n.
ΚΠ
1851 F. A. Fuller in F. A. Fuller & M. V. Fuller Poems 102 The thirsty sun is drinking up The rain-dew from the flower-cup.
1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. xiv. [Oxen of the Sun] 402 The air without is impregnated with raindew moisture.
1997 G. Bear Slant (1998) 313 The air is full of tinkling raindew that lands sweetly on their hands, warming like alcohol on the tongue.
rain ditch n.
ΚΠ
1869 Jrnl. Royal Geogr. Soc. 39 200 Every now and then we found a rain-ditch with powdered salt in it.
1927 Pinedale (Wyoming) Roundup 29 Sept. 1/5 Work upon the other rain ditches has been completed.
2005 News-Press (Fort Myers, Florida) (Nexis) 26 Sept. b3 The county needed some of their land along the road to accommodate the job, which included installing proper rain ditches.
rain-drift n.
ΚΠ
1863 Atlantic Monthly Aug. 183/1 No actual rain-drift stretching from them, but such unmistakable promise..as would make a provident farmer order every scythe out of the field.
1910 W. De Morgan Affair of Dishonour xiii. 207 The rain-drift..strengthened ever from the seaward.
1981 A. Waterman Out for Elements ii. 98 The mountains shrugging..Through sun or raindrifts.
rain guard n.
ΚΠ
1887 Morning Oregonian (Portland, Oregon) 9 Apr. 6/1 I put my umbrella up. The soft gentle patter of his tears rattling on the raw silk... I lowered my rain guard, and the youth..seated himself.
1960 E. W. Teale Journey into Summer 235 At the base of every leaf there is a rain guard that prevents water from seeping down between the stalk and the leaf.
1983 Birds Summer 45/1 A rain guard can be useful to keep the lenses clean.
2005 Asheville (N. Carolina) Citizen-Times (Nexis) 17 Mar. 5 The victim told the officer that rain guards were stolen off the vehicle.
rain gutter n.
ΚΠ
1830 Atlantic Souvenir 67 Across this [narrow ridge] a rain gutter had been formed, which, gradually widening, had become a deep and dangerous gulf.
1917 Newark (Ohio) Advocate 11 Jan. 7/5 We see Pearl..hurled down the sloping roof and saving herself by clinging to the rain gutter.
1991 Cycling Weekly 27 July 29/2 They have a rack to fit just about every car with rain gutters and without.
rainlight n.
ΚΠ
1877 E. M. A. Heron Balance of Pain 65 The Vision moves—the iris rainlight faints To ghostly white of mist.
1904 W. H. Hudson Green Mansions x. 143 This subdued rain-light did not last long.
1996 Slate Mag. (Nexis) 29 Oct. North Avenue in the puddled early rainlight.
rain load n.
ΚΠ
1928 C. F. S. Gamble Story N. Sea Air Station xv. 249 Rain load also had to be reckoned with, which may go as far as 3,000 kg.
2006 Calgary (Alberta) Herald (Nexis) 24 June 15 All roofs undergo stress from snow and rain loads, so it is possible a truss or rafter may become damaged.
rain mist n.
ΚΠ
1857 Ladies' Repository Apr. 210/2 By and by I saw the rain-mists gathering over it in the sky.
1936 Discovery Aug. 242/2 A leaf which is slightly damp with dew or rain-mist.
2004 B. Lightbody Second World War iv. xv. 103 All contact was lost in thick rain mist as the lead cruisers conducted zigzag manoeuvres to guard against possible attack.
rain pipe n.
ΚΠ
1783 H. C. Jennings Summary & Free Refl. 174 They might even have Calibeats or any other Waters they wished for in seperate Wells, tho' supplied by the same Rain Pipes.
1852 A. R. M. Payne Geral-Milco ii. iii. 238 The monstrous stone snakes..were hollow, and nothing more nor less than rain pipes on a large scale.
1913 J. Masefield Daffodil Fields 92 The water..gurgled through the rain-pipe to the butt.
2005 Jakarta Post (Nexis) 27 Sept. 18 Rainwater would automatically flow to the direction of the park, so they could make a rain pipe channeling the water straight to Ayodya's lake.
† rain-rift n. Obsolete
ΚΠ
c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) 368 (MED) Mony clustered clowde clef alle in clowtez, To-rent uch a rayn-ryfte & rusched to þe urþe.
rainshine n.
ΚΠ
1916 P. Mackaye Caliban by Yellow Sands iii. i. 115 O wonder, what art thou That fillest so mine eyes with rain-shine?
1975 C. K. Stead in V. O'Sullivan Anthol. 20th Cent. N.Z. Poetry (1987) 265 He had seen rainshine, he had seen sunfall.
rain song n.
ΚΠ
1861 R. T. Cooke Poems 72 Out of the black East a rain-song is sighing, Pitiless, desolate, death is at hand!
1907 N. Curtis Indians' Bk. 365 The Rain-Youth made the rain-songs and gave them to the Navajos.
2006 News & Observer (Raleigh, N. Carolina) (Nexis) 28 Apr. a1 Forecasters, water officials and lawn lovers were all singing their collective rain songs as a steady rain fell on a thirsty Triangle.
rainsquall n.
ΚΠ
1661 T. Allin Jrnl. 29 Aug. (1939) (modernized text) I. 51 Rain squalls and very much wind.
1838 E. A. Poe Narr. Arthur Gordon Pym xvii. 143 Whenever we had a westerly wind, which was seldom, it was invariably attended with a rain squall.
1902 J. Conrad Youth 40 Before sunset a thick rain-squall passed over the two boats.
2003 High Country News 9 June 7/2 A rainsquall hit for a minute and chilled me.
rain stain n.
ΚΠ
1855 Plain Talk & Friendly Advice to Domestics i. 32 When a sleeping-room is to be prepared for the reception of guests, your duty is to see that..there are no rain-stains upon the window-seats.
1923 W. de la Mare Riddle 183 The mosses and rain-stains and frost-flowerings of centuries of autumns and winters.
2003 New Straits (Malaysia) Times (Nexis) 6 July 8 Rain stains on the car windshield and windows, are annoying, ugly and dangerous.
rain tank n.
ΚΠ
1868 R. F. Burton Lett. from Paraguay 174 The flat roof draining into the Aljibe, rain-tank, or cistern.
1965 S. T. Olivier Petticoat Farm xii. 164 The two rain tanks that were the only means of water supply in the Andrews' house lay irreparably crushed.
2006 Courier-Mail (Brisbane) (Nexis) 8 June 26 My parents investigated the ‘green’ house concept, including solar power, rain tanks and water recycling.
rain-tear n.
ΚΠ
1854 C. G. Halpine Lyrics 142 No rain-tears there, no cutting blast of angry words.
1868 ‘G. Eliot’ Spanish Gypsy (1989) ii. 231 Bright, O bright Fedalma! Pure as rain-tear on a rose-leaf.
1916 Fort Wayne (Indiana) News 6 Apr. 16/5 The rain-tears together Journey to the restless sea.
rain-time n. [compare Middle Low German (rare) rēgenstīt, German Regenzeit (Middle High German (in late sources) regenzeit)]
ΚΠ
c1450 (?c1425) St. Mary of Oignies i. ix, in Anglia (1885) 8 142 She..in þe rayne-tyme come home ageyne vntouched.
1582 S. Batman Vppon Bartholome, De Proprietatibus Rerum xviii. f. 337v/2 Some [fish] wexeth fat in the Northerne winde,..& some in Southern winde,..and some in raine time, as Aristotle sayeth.
1726 N. Uring Hist. Voy. & Trav. 354 The Country is all a Flat, and great Part of it a Morass, with several large Lagunes, which in the Rain-times are almost all over-flowed.
1851 H. T. Cheever Life in Sandwich Islands iv. 90 And when the rain-time has come, there is rain indeed!
1919 Modesto (Calif.) Evening News 22 Feb. 6/1 (advt.) Rain-time is planting time.
1994 J. Harkins Bridging Two Worlds vi. 150 Green-time..is the period of lush growth after rains (or rain-time ).
rain vapour n.
ΚΠ
1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. xiv. [Oxen of the Sun] 403 Those burgeoning stars overhead, rutilant in thin rainvapour.
2004 Philippine Daily Inquirer (Nexis) 22 May 3 Rain vapors are too heavy and powerful to be blown away.
rain washing n.
ΚΠ
1854 N. P. Willis Let. 7 May in Out-doors at Idlewild (1855) lvi. 385 He might..neglect altogether to foresee the incidentalnesses of up hill and down, rain-washings to the road, frost-heavings to walls, etc.
1935 Cullman (Alabama) Democrat 18 Apr. Copper screens need painting, too, to prevent staining to house due to rain washing.
1998 Jrnl. Amer. Inst. Conservation 37 187/1 The soiling patterns on the cathedral are determined by the competing processes of pollutant deposition and rain washing.
† rain-weather n. [compare German Regenwetter (16th cent.), Old Swedish räghnvädher (Swedish regnväder)] Obsolete
ΚΠ
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 226 Wormes brediþ..and schendeþ þe greynes..in reyn weder after passynge hete.
?1527 L. Andrewe tr. Noble Lyfe Bestes sig. li In fayre weder he reioyseth sore, but whan it is rayne weder, than it singeth selden.
rainworld n.
ΚΠ
1902 F. W. Bourdillon Ailes d'Alouette 52 The rivers of a rainless land, Which some far rain-world fills.
2001 Chinosole Afr. Diaspora & Autobiographics iii. 42 The image of fire contrasts with Lee's rainworld.
b. Instrumental, chiefly with past participles, forming adjectives.
rain-affected adj.
ΚΠ
1905 Daily Chron. 26 July 1/7 A brilliant innings by Darling was the redeeming feature of Australia's batting on a rain-affected wicket at Manchester.
2005 Northern Echo (Nexis) 15 Aug. 20 They were the only side to win in Saturday's rain-affected programme.
† rain-awakened adj. Obsolete
ΚΠ
1820 P. B. Shelley To Skylark in Prometheus Unbound 204 Rain-awakened flowers.
1890 Macmillan's Mag. Nov. 59/2 The rain-awakened scent of the flowers.
† rain-beat adj. Obsolete
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > precipitation or atmospheric moisture > rain > [adjective] > beaten, soaked, etc., by rain
rain-beatenc1450
rain-beat1598
rain-soaked1789
rain-drenched1826
rain-washed1829
1598 Bp. J. Hall Virgidemiarum: 3 Last Bks. iv. iii. 22 Figures halfe Obliterate: In rain-beat Marble.
1607 J. Marston What you Will iii. i. sig. D3v By the sole warrant of a Lapy-beard, A raine beate plume, and a good chop filling oth.
1870 W. Morris Earthly Paradise: Pt. IV 370 The clash Of rain-beat boughs and wildering lightning-flash.
1886 National Rev. Apr. 54 Once more, the long unbroken lonely line, With rain-beat corn-nick dark against the sky.
rain-beaten adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > precipitation or atmospheric moisture > rain > [adjective] > beaten, soaked, etc., by rain
rain-beatenc1450
rain-beat1598
rain-soaked1789
rain-drenched1826
rain-washed1829
c1450 Treat. Fishing in J. McDonald et al. Origins of Angling (1963) 137 (MED) He cummet home at even, reyn beton, soyr prykud with thornes.
a1529 J. Skelton Colyn Cloute (?1545) sig. A.iii Though my ryme be ragged..Rudely rayne beaten.
1606 J. Reynolds Dolarnys Primerose D iv b T'haue deckt, and trim'd, this now rainbeaten face.
1859 A. Cary Pictures Country Life 316 The country doctor sits dreamily by the fire, hearing imperfectly the neighing of his rain-beaten horse.
1914 W. B. Yeats in Poetry (Chicago) May 60 The pale unsatisfied ones Appear and disappear..With all their ancient faces like rain-beaten stones.
2005 Providence (Rhode Island) Jrnl. (Nexis) 25 Oct. g2 Rain-beaten tall grasses, such as miscanthus, should be staked and tied for autumn display.
rain-bedraggled adj.
ΚΠ
1857 Reedsburg (Wisconsin) Herald 26 Dec. 1/6 Out burst the naughty sun, lighting up..the rain-bedraggled procession.
1902 Times 13 June 10/4 They are already rain bedraggled, and the wreaths, with the dirty white bows, are surely more suggestive of a funeral than a Coronation.
2006 Independent (Nexis) 31 May 34 Five minutes later, a car was sent round to pick up a rain-bedraggled di Vita.
† rain-berun adj. Obsolete
ΚΠ
tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) vii. 73 (MED) At the hed of Aust hit is to plaunt In londis wete, or ellis rayn bironne [L. pluuia initiante madefacto].
rain-bleared adj.
ΚΠ
1849 M. Arnold Strayed Reveller, & Other Poems 21 Grey, rain-blear'd statues.
1950 Lethbridge (Alberta) Herald 15 Sept. 9/2 Passing each car we peered through the rain-bleared windshield.
1994 Calgary (Alberta) Herald (Nexis) 13 Jan. a19 His use of blackouts, erratic editing and shots through a rain-bleared camera lens is more disorienting than effective.
rain-blown adj.
ΚΠ
1868 Petersburg (Va.) Index 11 Sept. Above him the wreck and the drift..And the rain-blown face of the storm.
1917 R. Graves Fairies & Fusiliers 24 I'm away to the rain-blown hill.
2006 Edmonton (Alberta) Jrnl. (Nexis) 6 June w30 The remote, rain-blown track.
rain-blurred adj.
ΚΠ
1856 Southern Literary Messenger 23 151 Through the rain-blurred and beaten casement..Fled bars of light.
1901 ‘L. Malet’ Hist. Richard Calmady v. i. 384 Actuality of rain-blurred, wind-scourged town without, and anger-begetting memories of Brockhurst within.
2006 Herald Express (Torquay) (Nexis) 11 Feb. 39 Small bridges, small rivers, small hills, small fields, and rain-blurred skies—it was a familiar February country scene.
rain-born adj. chiefly poetic
ΚΠ
1808 C. Wilkins Gram. Sanskrĭta Lang. iii. 54 Varṣābhū, a frog (rain-born).
1854 R. Montgomery Poet. Wks. 62 The gem-like radiance of thy form admire, And liquid blending of thy rain-born hues.
1925 News (Frederick, Maryland) 3 Sept. 4/5 Rain-born in the mountain, dew-born in the mead.
1995 J. Duran Breathe now Breathe 26 A fishbone from her teeth Recalls how the rainborn snap of sun Demeaned her skin.
rain-bound adj.
ΚΠ
1849 J. Kenyon Day at Tivoli 136 Some rain-bound traveller, in ennui's despair, May cast a moment's notice on thee.
1928 Kingsport (Tennessee) Times 6 May 1/3 The Spanish aviators..were rain-bound here today and it was believed, will not likely get off tomorrow.
1993 L. Langbauer in A. A. Fisch et al. Other Mary Shelley 191 As the story opens, its narrator, finding himself rainbound in Switzerland, is reminded of Byron.
rain-bright adj.
ΚΠ
1818 H. H. Milman Samor xii. 344 Freshens the circuit of the rain-bright grove.
1913 M. J. Cawein Minions of Moon I. 32 Her eyes were rain-bright.
1988 Los Angeles Times (Nexis) 3 Jan. i. 4 Crossing a rain-bright street after a joyous midnight Mass on Christmas Eve, Frank Bors looked up sharply at the sound of a sudden roar.
rain-bruised adj.
ΚΠ
1894 Chambers's Jrnl. 29 Sept. 640 Summer's flowers are dead, Their rain-bruised blossoms all forgotten lie.
1916 D. H. Lawrence Amores 130 The rain~bruised leaves are suddenly shaken.
2001 St. Louis (Missouri) Post-Dispatch (Nexis) 23 Sept. t3 We drove south under rain-bruised clouds that floated in our direction.
rain-burdened adj.
ΚΠ
1854 E. A. C. Let. 27 July in Weekly Argus & Democrat (Madison, Wisconsin) (1855) 1 Aug. Rain-burdened clouds, of a dark and watery hue, form the drapery of the sky.
1874 J. G. Holland Mistress of Manse xix. 55 Turn with hurried feet, and straight The deep, rain-burdened grasses through.
1932 D. Gascoyne Rom. Balcony 15 Clouds rear, Dark and ominous, rain~burdened.
1997 Observer (Nexis) 27 July (Life Suppl.) 47 The river..rolls out, placid, fast and deep, towards the Bavarian plain and the rain-burdened evening sky.
rain-cold adj.
ΚΠ
1916 E. Pound Lustra 22 Grey olive leaves beneath a rain-cold sky.
1984 T. Hughes Coll. Animal Poems (1995) 78 A toppling pyramid Of sixty or more Mudded, rain-cold, probably rotten eggs.
rain-darkened adj.
ΚΠ
1883 R. Broughton Belinda II. vi. 283 Whether in sunny boat on flashing river..or in little rain-darkened early-English drawing-room, is not it now all one to her?
1928 V. Woolf Orlando v. 224 Her eyes slowly lowered themselves down and down till they came to the rain-darkened earth.
2006 Times Colonist (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) (Nexis) 11 Nov. e1 The views across the harbour take in rain-darkened forests receding to black.
rain-dishevelled adj.
ΚΠ
1876 J. B. L. Warren Soldier of Fortune iii. ii. 254 Some cattle-minded faun, fit occupant For the rough brakes and rain-dishevelled glens.
1917 D. H. Lawrence Look! We have come Through! 56 I listen For the sluicing of their rain-dishevelled petals.
rain-drenched adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > precipitation or atmospheric moisture > rain > [adjective] > beaten, soaked, etc., by rain
rain-beatenc1450
rain-beat1598
rain-soaked1789
rain-drenched1826
rain-washed1829
1826 Torch Light & Public Advertiser (Hagers-Town, Maryland) 3 Jan. 1/2 You all know how oft, rain-drenched like a drowned rat,..I have trudged to your doors.
1932 D. Gascoyne Rom. Balcony 75 To wait in the weary, rain-drenched queues.
2006 Press (Christchurch, N.Z.) (Nexis) 26 Apr. 4 Thousands of rain-drenched people stood in silence.
rain-fed adj.
ΚΠ
1855 T. B. Aldrich Bells 73 My eyelids swelled like rain-fed clouds in June.
1936 Syracuse (N.Y.) Herald 18 Mar. 9/1 The rain-fed waters of the raging Potomac River and Wills Creek receded today.
2006 Christian Sci. Monitor (Nexis) 10 Nov. 9 Poor farmers work marginal, rain-fed lands.
rain-filled adj.
ΚΠ
1854 Putnam's Monthly Mag. June 580/2 The tall trees of the forest draw down the rain-filled cloud.
1920 F. S. Fitzgerald This Side of Paradise ii. v. 274 A..scattering of people whose eyes as they emerged glanced invariably, first at the wet street, then at the rain-filled air.
2003 Big Issue in Scotl. 15 May 29 (caption) Like toffee doddles, tattie scones and rain-filled summer seasons Oor Wullie and The Broons are singularly Scottish.
rain-flawed adj.
ΚΠ
a1918 W. Owen Poems (1931) 94 Or be you in the gutter where you stand, Pale rain-flawed phantom of the place.
rain-fragrant adj.
ΚΠ
1916 J. Joyce Portrait of Artist v. 268 The brother's face was bent upon her fair rain fragrant hair.
2002 Statesman (India) (Nexis) 21 Oct. Ah, rain-fragrant, white and how lonely the path!
rain-gorged adj.
ΚΠ
1911 Washington Post 22 July 1/5 Some were left in the middle of rain-gorged streams, when their automobiles suddenly stopped.
2006 Rocky Mountain News (Denver) (Nexis) 2 Sept. 3 d The rain-gorged Arkansas swept through central Pueblo in surges.
rain-heavy adj.
ΚΠ
1906 W. H. Ogilvie in B. Stevens Anthol. Austral. Verse 240 Rain-heavy from the Cowra hills She takes her vengeance sweet.
2005 Independent 26 Feb. (Mag.) 51/1 Cycling through those villages, surrounded by wide cornfields and overswept by rain-heavy clouds.
rain-laden adj.
ΚΠ
1773 J. Macpherson tr. Homer Iliad II. xvi. 138 Beneath the rain-laden winds, the whole world is unrapt, in thick gloom.
1880 R. Kipling From Sea to Sea I. xiv. 329 The grey, rain-laden atmosphere.
1916 J. Joyce Portrait of Artist v. 204 The rain laden trees of the avenue evoked in him, as always, memories of the girls and women in the plays of Gerhart Hauptmann.
2006 Irish Times (Nexis) 1 Aug. 20 All afloat were thoroughly soaked from the waves of rain-laden fronts.
rain-laid adj.
ΚΠ
1921 W. de la Mare Mem. Midget viii. 47 We..mounted into a four-wheeled cab, and once more were in motion in the rain-laid dust.
1970 G. E. Evans Where Beards wag All viii. 90 On some Suffolk farms it was used in the 'fifties, though admittedly for special jobs like..the saving of wind- or rain-laid crops.
rain-lashed adj.
ΚΠ
1839 New-Yorker 23 Feb. 1/1 Thy smile triumphant soothes the rain-lashed earth.
1953 S. Plath Jrnl. 24 Jan. (2000) 164 Looking out of the window into the thick, steamy, rain-lashed dripping air.
2002 Cycling Weekly 30 Nov. 26/2 The aftermath of rain-lashed British winter festivities.
rain-logged adj.
ΚΠ
1938 Nebraska State Jrnl. 22 June 8/3 The early players found a rain logged course.
2005 Scotsman (Nexis) 15 Jan. 35 My wife and I landed in mid-November at windswept, rain-logged and empty Marco Polo airport.
rain-loud adj.
ΚΠ
1926 A. Huxley Two or Three Graces 173 Peddley broke the rain-loud silence.
† rain-molested adj. Obsolete
ΚΠ
1846 H. W. Longfellow To Old Danish Song-bk. in Belfry of Bruges 85 Yellow are thy time-worn pages, As the russet, rain-molested Leaves of autumn.
rain-murmured adj.
ΚΠ
1942 W. Faulkner in Story Mag. May 51/2 The tent, the rain-murmured canvas globe, was filled with it once more.
rain-pitted adj.
ΚΠ
1916 H. G. Wells Mr. Britling sees it Through ii. iii. 285 Flares played upon the rain-pitted black waves.
2000 Sun Times (Owen Sound, Ont.) (Nexis) 24 July a4 (caption) A pair of butterflies rest on the rain-pitted sands.
rain-pocked adj.
ΚΠ
1931 V. Woolf Waves 227 One bone lay rain-pocked and sun-bleached.
2006 Milwaukee (Wisconsin) Jrnl. Sentinel (Nexis) 6 Sept. a2 The beach's moist sand is a shade darker than usual, rain-pocked and fragrant.
rain-rusted adj.
ΚΠ
1917 J. P. Bishop Green Fruit 37 Between rain-rusted leaves And rank wet growths.
1996 Seattle Post-Intelligencer (Nexis) 12 July c1 Rain-rusted Northwesterners aren't used to hot weather.
rain-scented adj.
ΚΠ
1818 J. Keats Endymion i. 8 Rain-scented eglantine.
1901 J. Barlow Ghost-bereft 150 O'er wet woods, o'er green meadows rain-scented, The waft of a wind goes by.
2005 Christian Sci. Monitor (Nexis) 9 Aug. 18 I walked back to the cabin, relishing the cool, rain-scented air after several weeks of stifling heat.
rain-shimmery adj.
ΚΠ
1903 in N.E.D. at Rain sb.1 Rain-shimmery.
rain-sleeked adj.
ΚΠ
1905 Academy 21 Oct. 1103/1 The league-footing hare..shot from her form with tawny and rain-sleeked coat.
2001 Corpus Christi (Texas) Caller-Times (Nexis) 9 Mar. e17 It was an hour-long hedonistic exhibition of cops driving Ferraris down rain-sleeked moonlit streets.
rain-slick adj.
ΚΠ
1914 Oakland (Calif.) Tribune 15 Nov. 34/2 There were rain-slick boulevards, slippery and narrow mountain roads.
1998 T. C. Boyle Riven Rock 21 Very faintly..came the anguished cry of the Apron Man echoing across the rain-slick grounds.
rain-slicked adj.
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1930 Fresno (Calif.) Bee 10 Dec. 6- b/1 Much of the distance traveled on the fast run was over rain-slicked highways.
2006 Arts & Bks. Rev. (Nexis) 27 Oct. 6 A place of old mansions, smoky clubs and rain-slicked streets.
rain-soaked adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > precipitation or atmospheric moisture > rain > [adjective] > beaten, soaked, etc., by rain
rain-beatenc1450
rain-beat1598
rain-soaked1789
rain-drenched1826
rain-washed1829
1789 ‘P. Pindar’ Subj. for Painters 4 Drooping, rain-soak'd fowls.
1856 T. B. Butler Philos. Weather vi. 110 The rain-soaked snow is hard and solid.
1945 W. de la Mare Burning-glass & Other Poems 76 Tipped arrow, ivoried bow, and rain-soaked quiver.
2006 Sunday Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 12 Nov. 2 Many came in wheelchairs, many more under rainsoaked umbrellas.
rain-sodden adj.
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1860 A. C. Swinburne Rosamond in Two Plays iv. 203 Wet strips of hyacinth, rain-sodden bells.
1904 Westm. Gaz. 10 May 2/1 The Cossacks were drawn up on a large, rain-sodden, muddy field.
2001 N. Jones Rough Guide Trav. Health ii. 175 A number of cases [of trenchfoot] have been reported after rain-sodden outdoor rock festivals.
rain-stained adj.
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1860 Harper's Mag. Dec. 83/1 Rain-stained windows; bare, white-washed, and partly ‘peeled’ walls.
a1905 L. Wallace Autobiogr. (1906) II. ii. x. 936 The cedar rafters, rainstained as those in the dining-hall of Cedric the Saxon.
2006 Express (Nexis) 9 June 46 The rain-stained, two-tone grey of Bolton fish market now seems a million miles away.
rain-starred adj.
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1898 G. C. Lodge Song of Wave 39 Just rain-starred, blowing grass, The scent of the fluent air.
1958 L. Durrell Balthazar iii. 62 The gonfalons bellied like sails in the rain-starred afternoon.
2003 J. Brown Black Valley (2004) 100 A dirty gray, diffused light oozed in through rain-starred windows.
rain-streaked adj.
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1873 Catholic World July 499/1 Seen from the front, this house was a little, melancholy, rain-streaked, wooden cottage.
1956 H. Gold Man who was not with It xii. 100 The carnival smelled the same, and the rain-streaked sign swung there.
2006 Leader-Post (Regina, Sask.) (Nexis) 20 Nov. b8 I peer out of the rain-streaked window, my eyes drawn to the dark grey clouds, rumbling overhead.
rain-sunken adj.
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1916 E. Blunden Harbingers 20 Rainsunken roof, grown green and thin For sparrows' nests and starlings' nests.
1996 Commerc. Appeal (Nexis) 27 Oct. 4 b Technical crews were walking through a wooded area last week when they found a piece of scrap metal sticking up from some rain-sunken dirt.
rain-sweet adj.
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1890 Overland Monthly Dec. 575 Like swelling seas borne in on flowing tide, Beneath God's rain-sweet winds.
1913 W. de la Mare Peacock Pie 127 Feathered birds in the rain-sweet sky.
1996 Albuquerque (New Mexico) Tribune (Nexis) 10 Sept. c1 Music from the Villa Hispana carries on the rain-sweet breeze.
rain-swept adj.
ΚΠ
1849 W. E. Channing Woodman 24 Loftier shores, with rain-swept grooves of soil.
1932 E. Blunden Face of Eng. 177 Those blackening rain-swept fields.
2006 Guardian (Nexis) 12 Oct. 11 Tony Blair arrived on the rainswept east coast of Scotland yesterday.
rain-varnished adj.
ΚΠ
1867 J. R. Lowell in Atlantic Monthly July 99 The candle she held in the door, From rain-varnished tree-trunk to tree-trunk Flashed fainter.
1955 Times 21 Nov. 10/6 A chill breeze blew through the rain-varnished branches.
2005 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 22 May (Travel Desk section) 1 A man in his late 60s..leads us down Cingoli's rain-varnished cobbles.
rain-washed adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > precipitation or atmospheric moisture > rain > [adjective] > beaten, soaked, etc., by rain
rain-beatenc1450
rain-beat1598
rain-soaked1789
rain-drenched1826
rain-washed1829
1829 T. Flint George Mason ii. 17 The rain-washed precipices rendered the way almost impassable to their wagon.
1925 J. Dos Passos Manhattan Transfer iii. iv. 351 Drifts across the sky a dirigible,..gently prodding the rainwashed sky and the soft clouds.
2006 Express (Nexis) 4 Oct. 28 Strings of coloured bulbs blowing in the breeze and reflected in the rainwashed prom..shone like jewels in the night.
rain-weathered adj.
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1940 J. Betjeman Old Lights for New Chancels 39 The rain-weathered streets of adjacent Rumsaa.
2006 Miami Herald (Nexis) 12 Mar. j12 Run your fingers along the ridges of rain-weathered cedar.
rain-wet adj.
ΚΠ
1822 T. L. Beddoes Brides' Trag. ii. iii. 42 Though..every day be rain-wet in our eyes.
1928 E. Sitwell Five Poems 16 The airs like rain-wet shrinking petals curl.
2001 M. Lightstone Rogues & Vagabonds 291 There was much whirling and whipping about of long rain-wet hair in a manner everyone hoped was Dionysian.
rain-worn adj.
ΚΠ
1854 J. Lambert Let. 1 June in I. I. Stevens Rep. Explor. Route for Pacific Railroad (1860) XII. 162 The same character of sandy and clayey soil in the bottoms..is also seen in the rain-worn sections of the most elevated points.
1904 W. de la Mare Henry Brocken vi. 51 She trod with cautious foot and peering eye the green, rainworn paths.
2006 Washington Post (Nexis) 2 Dec. b1 Shreds of yellow police tape and several rain-worn teddy bear memorials..are within blocks of one another.
c. Objective.
† rain-aboding adj. Obsolete
ΚΠ
1640 G. Abbot Whole Bk. Iob Paraphr. xxxvi. 229/1 A raine-aboding wind gives fore-knowledge of it.
rain-bearer n.
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1863 Times 24 Dec. 6/5 In the very heart of the country is a great mountain group, which are [sic] the rain-bearers for fertilizing the country.
1925 R. DeCoursy Ward Climates of U.S. iv. 74 Rainfall is generally light, the summer cyclones being weak and ineffective as rainbearers.
2006 Richmond (Va.) Times Dispatch (Nexis) 26 Oct. b12 Clouds will begin to increase today ahead of our next rain-bearer.
rain-bearing adj.
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1761 T. Arnold Bailey's Compl. Eng. Dict. (German ed.) II. 335/1 Regenwind, a Rain bearing Wind.
1845 C. Darwin Jrnl. (ed. 2) iii. 48 The rule,..of trees flourishing only in a climate rendered humid by rain-bearing winds, has a strongly marked exception in the case of the Falkland Islands.
1939 E. D. Laborde tr. E. de Martonne Shorter Physical Geogr. (rev. ed.) ii. 51 The monsoon wind which blows from the sea tends to lower the temperature; it is damp and rain-bearing.
2001 Austral. Gourmet Traveller Aug. 42/1 It sits in a rain shadow created by the Sierra de Cantabria and thus avoids the rain-bearing Atlantic winds.
rain-bringing adj.
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1845 C. Darwin Jrnl. (ed. 2) iii. 48 In the middle of the continent there is a broad intermediate band..where the rain-bringing winds have not to pass over lofty mountains.
1922 W. G. Kendrew Climates of Continents v. 25 These rain-bringing winds become predominant in summer.
2001 World Archaeol. 33 221 Such peaks were conceived as generators of weather, especially rain-bringing clouds.
rain-dropping adj.
ΚΠ
1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. x. 429 There Fabrickes are..of smoake-torne straw..and Raine-dropping watles.
1818 M. W. Shelley Frankenstein II. iii. 45 It was indeed a paradise, compared to the bleak forest, my former residence, the rain-dropping branches, and dank earth.
1889 T. C. Irwin Poems, Sketches & Songs 190 The bees are humming; ivies and grasses Gleam as the rain-dropping white cloud passes.
1999 Sun Sentinel (Fort Lauderdale, Florida) (Nexis) 18 Oct. d6 University of Miami coach Butch Davis is doing his best to identify the silver lining in the dark, rain-dropping clouds of Hurricane Irene.
rain-giver n.
ΚΠ
1872 N. Amer. Rev. Oct. 329 It is the old corruption of the cloud-cow, the rain-giver, the fertilizer,—the earliest idea of Freia.
1922 W. G. Kendrew Climates of Continents xx. 110 The south-west monsoon is essentially the rain-giver of India.
1997 Jrnl. Mod. Afr. Stud. 35 675 The White Nile..provides a small but steady flow that is fed by the eternal snows of the Ruwenzori (the ‘rain giver’) mountains.
rain-repellant adj.
ΚΠ
1899 Daily Northwestern (Oshkosh, Wisconsin) 10 Oct. 5/1 The yarn is made rain repellant.
1968 Daily Tel. 4 Nov. 11/5 Best outfits..included a gleaming parchment kid coat, rain-repellant.
2004 Business & Commerc. Aviation (Nexis) Apr. 36 Glass windshields, coated with a rain-repellant film, are fitted to the XLS.
rain-repelling adj.
ΚΠ
1843 Edinb. Rev. Feb. 4 The rain-repelling powers of York cloth..are now almost invariably set forth in that humble and ordinary form of language.
1928 Portsmouth (Ohio) Daily Times 21 Nov. 5/1 (advt.) Rain repelling coats of a good quality leatherette.
2006 Seattle Post-Intelligencer (Nexis) 14 Oct. 17 Gardeners can leave dahlia tubers in the ground all winter if they are planted in a raised bed or the area is covered with a tarp or a pile of rain-repelling fern fronds.
rain-resistant adj.
ΚΠ
1934 Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 61 77 Nixon expedition in 1929 to Iraq for rain-resistant dates.
2006 Toledo (Ohio) Blade (Nexis) 19 Feb. i11 We also take along sturdy, waterproofed walking shoes, a reliably rain-resistant windbreaker, and two collapsible umbrellas.
rain-resisting adj.
ΚΠ
1891 Manitoba Daily Free Press 7 Nov. 3/6 (advt.) Storm and rain resisting rubber interlined cloth ulsters.
1952 A. W. Hunter Leighton's Compl. Bk. Dog (rev. ed.) viii. 126 The outer-coat [of the Alsatian] is also close,..so that it is rain-resisting.
1990 Record (Bergen County, New Jersey) (Nexis) 27 Dec. c4 The outer fabric was treated with a rain-resisting patented process.
C2.
rain bag n. (a) a bag for collecting or storing rainwater; (b) a bag designed to protect its contents from the rain.
ΚΠ
a1661 W. Brereton Trav. (1844) 66 No water to wash withal but rain-water preserved in rain-bags.
1818 B. R. Haydon Let. 25 Mar. in J. Keats Lett. (1947) 119 You carried the rain with you as Ulysses did the Winds opening your rain bags you look round with a knowing wink, and say ‘curse this Devonshire how it rains!’
1964 Pacific Stars & Stripes 15 Aug. Some 2,000 blankets, 7,200 pieces of clothing and 230 canvas and rain bags are among the supplies.
1993 A. M. Smith Shoshone Tales 170 Then he took out Sun's rain-bags (kidneys—where the water is). He said the rain-bags will be the moon.
2000 Daily Press (Newport News, Va.) (Nexis) 27 Mar. a2 The plastic rain bag that the paper came in is nothing but a big commercial for Doral cigarettes.
rain ball n. originally English regional (Lancashire) a rounded mass of cloud (spec. in quot. 1942), esp. when considered as an indicator of rain; usually in plural.
ΚΠ
1888 R. Abercromby Weather iii. 78 In Lancashire, the festoons [of cloud] are called ‘rainballs’, and are only considered a sign of rain.
1942 W. H. Wenstrom Weather & Ocean of Air viii. 182 One special cloud form worth mentioning is mammato-cumulus or ‘rain balls,’ whose cumulus heads bulge downward instead of upward from a high cloud deck.
1966 C. Olson Maximus Poems (1983) III. 569 These rain-balls Which could as well fall back into rain, play, In the air.
rainband n. (a) Physics an absorption band in the solar spectrum caused by the presence of water vapour in the atmosphere, formerly taken as an indicator of rain; (b) a band of rain moving across the country.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the universe > sun > sunlight > [noun] > solar spectrum
Fraunhofer lines1837
Fraunhofer spectrum1837
rainband1877
flash spectrum1898
1877 Harper's Mag. Dec. 150/2 Professor Smyth notes at Edinburgh the occurrence of a severe rain..‘marked by a heavy rain band in the prismatic spectrum’.
1930 Times 30 Oct. 20/5 It was fine when the airship left Cardington, but a rain band caught her up near London.
1939 Meteorol. Gloss. (Meteorol. Office) (ed. 3) 156 Taken alone the rain-band is of doubtful value as a prognostic of rain.
1991 Harper's Mag. Sept. 52/2 The first rainband enveloped us, a deafening cataract that halted conversation as two inches of water came bucketing down.
rain-bath n. a soaking from the rain; a bath in the rain; (formerly also) †a shower bath (obsolete).
ΚΠ
1810 R. Southey Let. 22 Dec. in New Lett. (1965) I. 547 I obtained..a thorough rain-bath on my return, for which I am no worse.
1896 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. I. 340 Hip-baths, shower or rain-baths.
1926 Condor 28 5 Some birds, also, like to take a natural rain-bath.
2005 Advocate (Newark, Ohio) (Nexis) 23 Oct. 3 b Some of the trail was on exposed rock making for some slippery steps. With the trail fresh off a rain bath, the hike had an added element of adventure.
rain belt n. (a) an area having a high annual rainfall; (b) = rainband n. (b).
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the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > precipitation or atmospheric moisture > rain > [noun] > a continuous extent of rain
sheet1697
rain belt1851
1851 M. F. Maury Explan. & Sailing Direct. (ed. 3) 174 It may be supposed that a thermometer kept sliding on the surface of the earth so as always to be in the middle of this rain belt, would shew very nearly the same temperature all the year round.
1854 L. Gibbon Explor. Valley of Amazon II. x. 259 Along the beach large trees have been left as the rain-belt passed north.
1929 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 15 346 The fossil locality lies..near the present southern border of the tropical rain belt.
1969 A. G. Forsdyke Weather Guide 49 The rain belt ahead of a warm front is often 200 to 300 miles wide.
1996 High Country News 14 Oct. 3/1 The majority of the rejected permits were for..developments or golf courses located in the rain belt of the west side of the Cascades.
2006 Sunday Tel. (Nexis) 8 Oct. 32 At that time big areas were affected by a long sequence of rain belts that advanced slowly across the country from the Atlantic.
rain bonnet n. originally U.S. a hat designed to protect the wearer from rain; (now) esp. a lightweight, close-fitting plastic rain hat that may be folded away when not in use.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > headgear > [noun] > woman's bonnet > types of > other
dulcimer?1767
cottage bonnet1794
cabriolet1797
skyscraper1800
kettle-holder1813
basket-bonnet1824
kiss-me-quick1845
tilt-bonnet1874
granny bonnet1879
toque1881
rain bonnet1909
1909 Fort Wayne (Indiana) Jrnl.-Gaz. 1 Aug. The rain bonnets will be covered by the new waterproof veils.
1968 Punch 19 June 892/3 Weinsoff can have his name on his key tag..hatband and sponge (and Mrs. Weinsoff on her pot holder, thimble and rain bonnet).
2003 Guardian (Nexis) 14 June (Guide Suppl.) 12 The sun blazed down and we all took our rain bonnets and waders off.
rain boot n. North American a boot designed to protect the wearer from rain and mud, (now) esp. a calf-length overshoe made of rubber or plastic.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > footwear > shoe or boot > boot > [noun] > for specific purpose > for protection
mosquito boot1774
rain boot1888
snake boot1965
1888 N.Y. Times 11 Nov. 3/3 Few road riders carry more than a whip, lap robe, rain boot, blanket, [etc.].
1951 Sun (Baltimore) 23 May (B ed.) 7/6 (advt.) The only rainboot made of Norlon, the wonder plastic!.. Folds neatly and compactly in a fit-in-your-purse plastic pouch.
1992 C. Wilkins Wolf's Eye 134 She dressed for the garden attack in her bleach-stained, mauve jogging pants, a frayed white shirt, old winter gloves and rain boots.
rain box n. Theatre a device used to produce a sound effect of rain, typically consisting of dried peas, etc., in a resonant container.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > the theatre or the stage > a theatre > theatrical equipment or accessories > [noun] > machinery for effects > others
red fire1680
lightning box1825
blue fire1826
rain box1867
crash1891
wind-machine1906
1867 C. White Black Statue i. i. 11 (stage direct.) Lightning, rain box, dark stage, confusion.
1902 Daily Herald (Delphos, Ohio) 16 May ‘Stage rain’ is generally made by the dropping of split peas in a drum cylinder, and in this case there was a suspicion that the ‘rain box’ had not been cleaned.
2003 Pittsburgh (Pa.) Post-Gaz. (Nexis) 20 Mar. c3 It's fun watching the old-fashioned special-effects equipment (thunder sheet, rain box, wind machine).
rain bucket n. a bucket used for collecting rainwater, esp. as a means of measuring rainfall.
ΚΠ
1737 W. Oldys Brit. Librarian 177 Wren's Invention of the Rain-Bucket, to measure the Quantity that falls.
1878 Fitchburg (Mass.) Daily Sentinel 29 Apr. Has some spirit kicked the rain bucket over, with a view to the crops of grass and clover?
1990 St. Petersburg (Florida) Times (Nexis) 18 May 1 d He puts out rain buckets to catch water for plants.
2006 Lebanon (Pa.) Daily News (Nexis) 3 Mar. The station will collect data with several meteorological devices: a three-cup anemometer.., a thermometer, a barometer and a rain bucket.
rain cap n. (a) a cap designed to protect the wearer from rain; (b) a cover placed on a chimney or other vent to keep out the rain.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > headgear > [noun] > cap > types of > worn for specific purpose > other
toilet cap1660
rain cap1827
smoking-cap1841
bathing-cap1867
marmot1877
scrum cap1896
ski-cap1937
1827 T. Carlyle tr. J. A. Musæus in German Romance I. 25 She drew a rain-cap over her face.
1908 Amer. Anthropologist 10 160/1 Treats of..clothing and ornaments (combs;..armlets, belts, hip-girdles; rain caps and cloaks).
1946 Zanesville (Ohio) Signal 1 Feb. 8/7 Brooder stove pipe end and rain caps.
1999 Essent. Gas Safety May 180/1 Terracotta chimney inserts (rain caps) are not suitable for use with gas appliances.
2002 Sun (Nexis) 29 Mar. [He] donned a tartan skirt, duffel coat, tights and plastic rain cap.
raincape n. a cape designed to protect the wearer from rain.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for body or trunk (and limbs) > [noun] > loose clothing > cloak, mantle, or cape > types of > waterproof
mackintosh cape1835
caoutchouc1867
raincape1875
1875 Amer. Cycl. XII. 480/2 They make blankets of cypress bark, raincapes of white pine bark,..and wooden dishes.
1921 Daily Colonist (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 1 Oct. 3/5 (advt.) Children's good quality tan colored raincapes to fit girls 4 to 12 years; made with lined hood.
1990 J. M. Coetzee Age of Iron iii. 96 Under the eye of a boy in an olive rain-cape I got out of the car.
raincaped adj. wearing a raincape.
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the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > wearing clothing > [adjective] > wearing clothing for body (and limbs) > wearing loose clothing > wearing a cloak or mantle > types of
palliate1611
bardocucullated1708
burnoused1846
ponchoed1865
raincaped1922
blue-mantled2007
1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. xiv. [Oxen of the Sun] 393 They hear the heavy tread of the watch as two raincaped shadows pass the new royal university.
2000 Mail on Sunday (Nexis) 31 Dec. 72 We slowly discover why Price..is so keen to track down Dunn, who is by now emerging as rather more than just a rain-caped security guard.
rain chamber n. †(a) Metallurgy a compartment in which noxious fumes are dissolved by the action of a spray of water (obsolete rare); (b) a chamber in which natural rainfall can be simulated, chiefly for purposes of research.
ΚΠ
1870 C. L. Bloxam Metals 185 A rain chamber is often provided, in which the condensation of the fume is assisted by water.
1940 Bot. Gaz. 101 870 A total of 677 large and small fruits were placed in a rain chamber for 51 hours.
1987 New Phytologist 106 439 Plants were exposed to simulated rainfalls in an enclosed rain chamber in the greenhouse.
rain-charm n. an object, action, or incantation used in rain-making rituals.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the supernatural > the occult > sorcery, witchcraft, or magic > non-European magic (miscellaneous) > [noun] > rain-making > charm used in
rain-stone1845
rain-charm1890
1890 J. G. Frazer Golden Bough I. iii. 403 A custom of throwing the body of the victim, or at least a portion of it, into the Nile as a rain-charm.
1923 D. A. Mackenzie Myths China & Japan x. 145 A Vedic frog-hymn was chanted by Aryo-Indian priests as a rain-charm when Indra's services were requisitioned.
2006 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 10 May 30 A wooden door filled with beads gets spun around like a giant rain-charm, imitating the roar of sea surf.
rain chart n. chiefly North American = rain map n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > study or science of weather > diagrams, graphs, or lines > [noun] > rainfall
rain map1848
rain chart1849
isohyetal1889
isohyet1899
1849 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 65 414 The Hyetographic or rain chart of this volume gives a most complete and minute detail of a most important subject.
1946 Agric. Hist. 20 223/1 The rain chart was constructed in 1868... The color used is well chosen..and the data exhibited are not so numerous as to obscure the basic patterns of rainfall distribution.
1961 Mountain Democrat (Placerville, Calif.) 26 Jan. 1/5 This chart..is the oldest rain chart known to be in existence in the county and is valued highly by many who look forward each year to its reprinting.
rain cloak n. [in quot. 1708 perhaps after Dutch regenmantel (mid 16th cent.); compare also Middle Low German (rare) rēgenmantel, German Regenmantel (17th cent.)] a cloak designed to protect the wearer from rain.
ΚΠ
1708 W. Sewel Large Dict. Eng. & Dutch ii. 406/1 Regenmantel, a Rain-cloak.
1863 R. Fortune Visits Japan & China iv. 64 As the day was wet they had loose rain-cloaks over their dresses.
1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. iv. [Calypso] 66 Hallstand too full. Four umbrellas, her raincloak.
1993 New Scientist 18 Sept. 5/3 Ötzi's grass rain-cloak was similar to those used by shepherds in the region until modern times.
rain clothes n. clothing designed to protect the wearer from rain.
ΚΠ
1861 Harper's Mag. Feb. 411/1 A snug receptacle for their conical hats, oiled-paper rain-clothes, swords, and other light articles.
1977 New Yorker 10 Oct. 141/1 When you drop into their big shops, they're selling their members new golf bags, new golf balls, new clubs,..new rain clothes—you name it.
2005 Vancouver (Brit. Columbia) Province (Nexis) 6 Sept. c47 You might want to bring rain clothes if you think it's going to rain.
rain crow n. any of several New World cuckoos; esp. (a) U.S. the yellow-billed cuckoo, Coccyzus americanus, and the black-billed cuckoo, C. erythrophthalmus; (b) Caribbean the mangrove cuckoo, Coccyzus minor, and the great lizard cuckoo, Saurothera merlini (cf. rainbird n. 2).
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > perching birds > order Cuculiformes (cuckoos, etc.) > [noun] > family Cuculidae > member of genus Coccyzus
mangrove cuckoo1782
rain crow1806
yellow-billed cuckoo1811
cow-bird1828
1806 M. Lewis Jrnl. 16 July in Jrnls. Lewis & Clark Exped. (1993) VIII. 112 I saw both yesterday and today the Cookkoo or as it is sometimes called the rain craw.
1872 E. Coues Key to N. Amer. Birds 190 American cuckoos..are..noted for their loud jerky cries, which they are supposed to utter most frequently in falling weather, whence their popular name, ‘rain crow’.
1960 J. Bond Birds W. Indies (ed. 3) 115 Mangrove Cuckoo Coccygus minor. Local names: Rain Bird; Rain Crow; [etc.].
1983 J. Wilcox Mod. Baptists xxv. 178 Burma just stood there..frowning at..the Audubon print of a rain crow.
rain cuckoo n. now rare any of several New World cuckoos; esp. (formerly) †the chestnut-bellied cuckoo, Hyetornis pluvialis, of Jamaica (obsolete); cf. rainbird n. 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > perching birds > order Cuculiformes (cuckoos, etc.) > [noun] > family Cuculidae > piaya pluvialis
old man1694
rain-fowl1694
rainbird1725
rain cuckoo1782
hunter1847
1782 J. Latham Gen. Synopsis Birds I. ii. 535 Long-billed Rain Cuckow.
?a1808 Universal Syst. Nat. Hist. IV. 490 The Rain Cuckoo... It is also called the rain bird because it never calls except before rain.
1815 J. F. Stephens Shaw's Gen. Zool. IX. i. 124 (heading) Rain cuckow. (Cuculus pluvialis).
1971 Daily Tribune (Wisconsin Rapids) 22 June 3/1 The American rain cuckoo is often called the ‘rain prophet’.
rain dance n. (esp. among North American Indians) a ritual dance performed in order to encourage the onset of rain.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the supernatural > the occult > sorcery, witchcraft, or magic > non-European magic (miscellaneous) > [noun] > rain-making > rain dance or procession
rain dance1870
rain procession1885
1870 J. W. De Forest in Galaxy Nov. 645 She was quite amazed when she learned that this was not a wedding, but a rain-dance.
1930 J. M. Buttree Rhythm of Redman 89 It is the privilege of all to improvise the new song for each rain dance.
2000 Canad. Geographic Jan. 75/1 In 1892, Cree leader Piapot held a rain dance at a site 400 kilometres southwest of present-day Regina.
rain date n. North American an alternative date to which an outdoor activity or event will be moved if postponed because of rain.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > particular time > [noun] > the date > alternative date (in case of rain)
rain date1905
1905 Chicago Tribune 12 July 8/3 There will have to be three double headers between the Sox and Champions to dispose of the rain dates already on the south side slate.
1908 Fort Wayne (Indiana) Jrnl.-Gaz. 12 Apr. 29/4 May 10, ten-mile handicap road race..(rain date, May 17).
1996 Eastern Graphic (Montague, Prince Edward Island) 21 Aug. 17/1 (advt.) 2 family yard sale, Saturday, August 24, 9:00–12:00... Raindate, Sunday, 25 August.
rain day n. Meteorology (in the United Kingdom) a 24-hour period commencing at 9.00 a.m. GMT on which there is at least 0·01 inch or 0·2 mm of recorded rainfall.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > wet weather > [noun] > wet day > a day on which rain falls
rainy daya1398
rain day1901
wet day1919
1901 Times 7 Oct. 8/6 The number of ‘rain days’ was..rather larger in Ireland, and very small in the eastern and south-eastern parts of England.
1922 Notes & Queries 8 July 38/2 Absolute Drought is a period of more than fourteen consecutive days (i.e., fifteen or more), no one of which is a rain day.
1991 New Scientist 23 Nov. 47/1 Rainfall data from the 15,000 stations includes the number of ‘raindays’ and the total rain for each month, each year.
rain delay n. a period during which an activity, esp. a sporting event, is postponed or suspended because of rain.
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1899 Times 21 June 13/3 Between the rain delays at Bristol yesterday Lancashire managed to secure a winning position.
1932 San Mateo (Calif.) Times 22 Nov. 9/3 (headline) Rain delay proves costly to state.
2003 Toronto Metro 3 Sept. 12 (caption) Court workers squeegee the court in Arthur Ashe Stadium during a rain delay.
rain doctor n. = rainmaker n. 1a.
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the world > the supernatural > the occult > sorcery, witchcraft, or magic > non-European magic (miscellaneous) > [noun] > rain-making > one who brings rain
rainmaker1775
rain doctor1846
1846 C. Tomlinson Rain Cloud viii. 212 Should rain happen to fall, the credit is given to the rain-doctor.
1948 H. Webster Magic xi. 314 She never works alone but always has a rain doctor at hand to discover by divination the causes of a drought.
1996 Sunday Times (Nexis) 30 June The queen is the chief actor in the rain cult, but she does not work alone. Rain doctors are appointed to assist her with the secret rituals and ceremonies.
rain dog n. originally Nautical a small part of a rainbow, the rest being invisible; cf. dog n.1 9.
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1866 ‘M. Twain’ in Sacramento Union 24 Aug. 3/2 What the sailors call ‘rain dogs’—little patches of rainbow—are often seen drifting about the heavens in these latitudes.
1910 H. de V. Stacpoole Blue Lagoon III. xvi. 122 The rainy season here was quite a lively time. Torrential showers followed by bursts of sunshine, rainbows, and rain-dogs in the sky.
1997 Guardian 18 June i. 16/6 On a morning in mid-June, rain-dogs drift across steep woods.
rain door n. [after Japanese amado amado n.] = amado n.
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society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > window or door > parts of windows > [noun] > fittings or ornaments of windows > shutter
fall window1422
lock1440
window?c1500
lid1535
winnock-bred1546
window lid1591
counter-window1600
shut1611
shuttle1614
window-broad1628
window-shut1649
window shutter1665
window board1683
shutter1720
fallboard1742
jalousie1766
storm shutter1834
rain door1867
amado1873
sunbreak1891
brise-soleil1944
1867 J. C. Hepburn Japanese & Eng. Dict. 8/2 Amado,..rain-door, the outside sliding doors.
1958 R. P. Dore City Life in Japan iv. 49 At night the outer ‘rain-doors’ of solid wood which slide outside the windows of paper or glass are pulled along and fixed tight in order to prevent burglary as well as, in winter, the loss of heat.
1999 Ottawa Citizen (Nexis) 9 May a10 One servant's full-time job would be to tend to the wooden rain doors along the corridors running beside the garden.
rain dust n. particulate matter falling from the air like or in rain; (also) a mist or mizzling rain.
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1851 M. F. Maury Explan. & Sailing Direct. 154 The ‘rain-dust’ has been observed most frequently to fall in spring and autumn.
1912 J. Galsworthy Inn of Tranquility 48 The mist had thickened to a white, infinitesimal rain-dust.
2001 Jrnl. Environm. Radioactivity 55 109 (abstract) Cesium-137 still remained 14 years after the Chernobyl accident, reaching 26.6 Bq kg−1 in the coloured rain dust.
rain frog n. any of various frogs that call when it is raining; esp. (a) U.S. and Caribbean a small tree frog of the genus Hyla (family Hylidae), esp. the common H. squirella; (b) any of various large Old World burrowing frogs of the families Brevicipitidae and Microhylidae, esp. of the African genus Breviceps.
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the world > animals > amphibians > order Anura or Salienta (frogs and toads) > [noun] > types of frog or toad > suborder Procoela > family Hylidae > spring peeper
rain frog1827
peeper1851
spring peeper1855
1827 T. L. McKenney Sketches Tour to Lakes 158 We found the few people who live near its mouth..[with] rain frogs on the logs of their huts to sing them to repose.
1929 W. Rose Veld & Vlei 47 His other common name is ‘Reen Padda’ or ‘Rain Frog’, which probably indicates a propensity to emerge from concealment at the advent of rain.
1979 N. I. Passmore & V. C. Carruthers S. Afr. Frogs 82 Rain Frogs. Breviceps... Eleven species occur in South Africa.
2002 G. M. Eberhart Mysterious Creatures II. 645/2 Phantom frog , Eleutherodactylus phasma. Rain frog discovered in the Cordillera de Talamanca, Costa Rica.
rain garden n. an area of garden that lies below the level of its surroundings, designed to absorb rainwater that runs off from an impervious surface such as a patio, roof, or pavement.Rain gardens are created primarily in order to prevent occasional flooding by heavy rainfall, and to reduce the amount of pollution reaching drains.
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the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > garden > [noun] > other types of garden
grounda1500
knot-garden1519
back-garden1535
summer garden1589
spring garden1612
spring gardena1625
water gardena1626
walled gardena1631
wildernessa1644
window garden1649
botanic garden1662
Hanging Gardens1705
winter garden1736
cottage garden1765
Vauxhall1770
English garden1771
wall garden1780
chinampa1787
moat garden1826
gardenesque1832
sunk garden1835
roof garden1844
weedery1847
wild garden1852
rootery1855
beer-garden1863
Japanese garden1863
bog-garden1883
Italian garden1883
community garden1884
sink garden1894
trough garden1935
sand garden1936
Zen garden1937
hydroponicum1938
tub garden1974
rain garden1994
1994 Nonpoint Source News-notes No. 37 5 Rain Gardens are an alternative stormwater management practice being applied as a pilot project at Somerset.
2011 Guardian 10 Sept. (Weekend Suppl.) 68/1 Rain gardens soak up water like a sponge, letting it seep gently into the ground and reducing the risk of flooding.
rain gauge n. an apparatus for collecting and measuring, and sometimes automatically recording, the amount of rain which falls.
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the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > study or science of weather > meteorological instruments > [noun] > rain-gauge
hyetometer1730
ombrometer1744
pluviometer1755
rain machine1768
rain gauge1770
udometer1825
hyetometrograph1886
pluviograph1886
pluvioscope1887
ombrograph1895
1770 Philos. Trans. 1769 (Royal Soc.) 59 359 The rain-gage..was fixed so high, as to rise above all the neighbouring chimnies.
1860 M. F. Maury Physical Geogr. Sea (ed. 8) v. 105 Rivers are the rain-gauges of nature.
1925 C. Wells Six Years in Malay Jungle xiii. 197 Before I left Alor Star, the State Engineer instructed me to carry about a rain gauge.
1995 Garden (Royal Hort. Soc.) Nov. p. civ/2 (advt.) Ideal Christmas gifts—all available by post. Raingauges..frost predictors..and many more.
rain gear n. outer clothing or footwear designed to protect the wearer from the rain.
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1918 Blackwood's Mag. Feb. 271/1 The captain hurriedly slipped on his gum-boots and rain gear and went up on to the bridge.
1939 East St. Louis (Illinois) Jrnl. 14 June 8/2 The child who is given a pretty pair of galoshes or boots will not have to be coaxed to put on his rain-gear to tramp around out of doors.
2004 T. C. Boyle Inner Circle i. vii. 125 We just finished our coffee, shrugged into our rain gear and climbed back into the car.
rain-gem n. poetic (now rare) a raindrop.
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1831 New Eng. Mag. Aug. 104 Hear the rustling of thy wings Among the leaves, where rain-gems glitter still.
1931 E. Blunden To Themis 27 The impulses of April, the rain-gems, the rose-cloud.
1945 Southtown Economist (Chicago) 13 June 4/2 A creature of the sunlight, With rain-gems on its wings.
rain glass n. (a) a barometer; also figurative; cf. glass n.1 12a; (b) chiefly North American a type of glass having a decorative texture which resembles falling rain.
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the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > study or science of weather > meteorological instruments > [noun] > barometer
barometer1666
glass1688
weather-glass1695
rain glass1862
1862 Athenæum 26 July 121/2 The following may be depended upon as a rain-glass:... Get a common pickle-bottle,..fill it with any kind of water, to within two or three inches of the top; plunge the neck of an empty Florence oil-flask into the pickle-bottle.
1909 Geogr. Jrnl. 33 306 Enthusiasts..who have gradually acquired a belief..that nobody but themselves can read a rain-glass.
1974 Times (San Mateo, Calif.) 21 Dec. 26/8 (advt.) Goblets..fine ivory china..rain glass plates.
2003 Southern Living Aug. 114 Separating the tub deck and shower, a single sheet of rain glass allows sunlight to enter.
2005 BBC Monitoring Internat. Rep. (Nexis) 18 May The petitions submitted to public security organs are a ‘rain glass’ that indicate China's social stability.
rain god n. a god associated with bringing rain.
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the world > the supernatural > deity > [noun] > of specific things > of (types of) weather
zephyrOE
wind-god1594
rain god1838
thunder god1841
rain-goddess1854
storm-goddess1869
storm power1869
storm-god1877
bolt-bearer1883
weather-god1905
1838 U.S. Mag. & Democratic Rev. Apr. 21 The rain-god, sweeping through the sky, To fill their vessels with his precious dew.
1905 E. Clodd Animism §11. 58 Indra, the old Vedic weather-god, has been completely elbowed out as an object of worship by special rain-gods.
2002 M. Kurlansky Salt (2003) xii. 202 The Aztecs observed ceremonies for Vixtociatl, who was banished to the saltwaters by her brothers the rain gods.
rain-goddess n. a goddess associated with bringing rain.
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the world > the supernatural > deity > [noun] > of specific things > of (types of) weather
zephyrOE
wind-god1594
rain god1838
thunder god1841
rain-goddess1854
storm-goddess1869
storm power1869
storm-god1877
bolt-bearer1883
weather-god1905
1854 Littell's Living Age 14 Jan. 111/2 (title) The wind-spirit and the rain-goddess.
1904 Edinb. Rev. Jan. 38 The Indian women disraimented still enact the ancient ritual of the Rain-Goddess or Earth-Mother.
2006 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 16 Sept. 26 The heroine of this novel..is a pipe-smoking pilot who teaches an African tribe to knit and makes date loaves for a rain-goddess.
rain goose n. (also rein goose) Scottish (chiefly Orkney and Shetland) the red-throated diver, Gavia stellata, whose call is believed to herald rain.
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the world > animals > birds > freshwater birds > [noun] > order Gariidae (divers and loons) > gavia stellata (red-throated diver)
rain goose1703
red-throated ducker1747
red-throated loon1747
red-throated diver1768
sprat loon1768
scapegrace1835
sprat-borer1861
1703 M. Martin Descr. W. Islands Scotl. 72 The Rain-goose bigger than a Duck, makes a doleful Noise before a great Rain.
1793 J. Sinclair Statist. Acct. Scotl. VII. 573 The birds are, eagles, marrots or auks, kingfishers, rain geese, muir fowls.
1882 Standard 22 Aug. 2/5 Rein geese and brent geese were seen.
1959 Scots Mag. Aug. 360 The red-throated diver—the ‘rain goose’, as it is familiarly known in the Hebrides and the Shetlands, though the bird is not a goose.
rain gun n. (a) a gun used to shoot a substance into clouds, with the intention of inducing rain (rare); (b) an apparatus which shoots a high-pressure spray of water, used primarily for irrigation.
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1892 Galveston (Texas) Daily News 26 Nov. 3/4 Opened their rain guns... General R. T. Dyrenforth and his party of rainmakers began their first series of experiments at producing rain by concussion.
1941 Zanesville (Ohio) Signal 9 Aug. 3/5 Student invents rain gun... The new machine can send..water 180 feet.
2001 Furrow Mar. 37/3 Low-pressure sprinklers, mobile trickle-irrigation equipment, and drip-line irrigation pipes are now replacing rain guns.
rain hat n. a hat designed to protect the wearer from the rain.
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the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > headgear > [noun] > hat > waterproof
rain hat1755
southwester1828
sou'-wester1837
north-easter1838
nor'-wester1853
1755 A. Berthelson tr. E. Pontoppidan Nat. Hist. Norway i. i. 26 The men secure themselves from the rain by rain-hats, made like umbrellas.
1894 Jrnl. Anthropol. Inst. 23 91 Oil-paper is used for making the conical rain hats which are fastened on to the ordinary black hat in wet weather.
1946 Cosmopolitan Oct. 96/1 She has large pockets for her small treasures, flange yoke accented with buttons, sash and a matching rain hat.
2006 Seattle Post-Intelligencer (Nexis) 1 Dec. b7 Who's a Seattle optimist? The guy with a sun-visor on his rain-hat.
rain hood n. [originally after German Regenhut (17th cent.), lit. ‘rain hat’] a waterproof hood, (now) esp. a light plastic one which may be folded away when not in use.
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the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > headgear > [noun] > hood > other
chaperonec1380
capadosc1400
riding hood1459
fool's hood1509
French hood1533
capuchon1604
Robin Hood1620
purse-hood1623
poke1632
mazarine hood1689
Nithsdale1716
rain hood1761
calash1774
capeline1868
bashlik1881
hood1897
pixie hood1939
1761 T. Arnold Bailey's Compl. Eng. Dict. (German ed.) II. 335/1 Regenhut, a Rain-Hood.
1897 Dict. National Biogr. XLIX. 184/2 Having borrowed..his father's rain-hood he took up his abode in a wood near his father's house.
1959 Times 2 Oct. 14/6 Her..macintosh, rain hood, and over-boots testified to a careful preparation for the realities of the English climate.
2006 Sentinel (Stoke-on-Trent) (Nexis) 1 Mar. 5 I opened my umbrella and a million pieces of confetti fell out and stuck to a passing OAP wearing a rain hood and plastic mac.
rain jacket n. a jacket, esp. a padded sports jacket, designed to protect the wearer from rain.
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the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for body or trunk (and limbs) > [noun] > jacket > weatherproof > waterproof
trench coat1914
rain jacket1923
cagoule1952
1923 Indianapolis Star 14 June 12/6 Golfer's rain jacket.
1999 C. Hulme Manslaughter United xxv. 239 Teddy stood erect in a green lightweight rain jacket and blue tracksuit bottoms, gripping the line-flag in his hand.
rain jungle n. = rainforest n.
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the world > the earth > land > landscape > fertile land or place > land with vegetation > [noun] > wooded land > types of
ripplelOE
wildwooda1122
rough1332
firth?a1400
tod stripec1446
osiard1509
bush1523
bush-ground1523
fritha1552
island1638
oak landc1658
pinelandc1658
piney wood1666
broom-land1707
pine barrenc1721
pine savannah1735
savannah1735
thick woods1754
scrub-land1779
olive wood1783
primeval forest1789
open wood1790
strong woods1792
scrub1805
oak flata1816
sertão1816
sprout-land1824
flatwoods1841
bush-land1842
tall timber1845
amber forest1846
caatinga1846
mahogany scrub1846
bush-flat1847
myall country1847
national forest1848
selva1849
monte1851
virgin forest1851
bush-country1855
savannah forest1874
bush-range1879
bushveld1879
protection forest1889
mulga1896
wood-bush1896
shinnery1901
fringing forest1903
monsoon forest1903
rainforest1903
savannah woodland1903
thorn forest1903
tropical rainforest1903
gallery forest1920
cloud forest1922
rain jungle1945
mato1968
1945 Science 23 Feb. 195/1 The new station..is situated at an altitude of 3,000 feet, in the middle of a national forest comprising 300 square miles of conserved and undisturbed rain jungle.
2005 Ottawa Citizen (Nexis) 23 Nov. a3 Colum Stapleton was initiated into Santo Diame and imbibed the religion's sacred tea, concocted by boiling a vine and leaf native to the Amazon rain jungles.
rain king n. (also with capital initials) (esp. in some African countries) a king believed to have the power to bring rain; (also) the rain personified as a king.
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1840 C. Mathews Politicians ii. i. 33 The Rain-King, only last week, caught a storm on a lightning rod, and held it there two days, notwithstanding the entreaties of the neighbouring county, that was suffering sorely under a drouth.
1880 W. Black White Wings xx There is a deeper gloom overhead; the rain-king is upon us.
1933 New Castle (Pa.) News 26 June 14/5 For some reason we weren't in the path of the rain king Sunday, save for a bit of a sprinkle.
2006 Africa News (Nexis) 20 Oct. The son of a Rain King in southern Angola, Healo Shityuwete was educated in mission schools in Namibia.
rainland n. (esp. in sub-Saharan Africa) an area of relatively high rainfall.
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1880 W. E. Purser & H. C. Fanshawe Rep. Land Revenue Rohtak District i. 9 In the few rain-land gardens which exist, the jáman and ber trees are found in profusion.
1903 Jrnl. Afr. Soc. 2 126 This tribe is Sedentary and famous for its crops of dhurra which are more carefully cultivated on the rain lands than anywhere else in the Sudan.
2004 D. N. Edwards Nubian Past i. 3 Some regions where the resources of river and rainland savannahs came together, were to become the focus of a long series of early states, the earliest in sub-Saharan Africa.
rain lily n. chiefly U.S. a zephyr lily or zephyranth (genus Zephyranthes).
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1877 Harper's Mag. Nov. 842/2 The delicate little white rain-lilies that spring after a shower scatter their delicious odor.
1966 Tucson (Arizona) Daily Citizen 30 July 42/1 (advt.) Rain lily bulbs. Blooms all summer. 5¢.
2007 Jrnl. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 1 696 Species noteworthy for their showiness include..two species of rain lily (Zephyranthes pulchella, Z. traubii).
rain mac n. British a raincoat; = mac n.3
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1966 J. Orton Diary 23 Dec. (1986) 38 The sleeve of my rainmac is covered in whitewash from the wall.
1998 Touch Aug. 102/1 Let's just hope that the summer sorts itself out—there's nothing worse than getting down in a rain mac and wellies.
† rain machine n. Obsolete rare = rain gauge n.
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the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > study or science of weather > meteorological instruments > [noun] > rain-gauge
hyetometer1730
ombrometer1744
pluviometer1755
rain machine1768
rain gauge1770
udometer1825
hyetometrograph1886
pluviograph1886
pluvioscope1887
ombrograph1895
1768 Philos. Trans. 1767 (Royal Soc.) 57 446 One of the Thermometers is kept..without Doors in the Rain Machine.
rain map n. [compare German Regenkarte (1845 or earlier)] Meteorology a map showing the distribution of rainfall over an area.
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the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > study or science of weather > diagrams, graphs, or lines > [noun] > rainfall
rain map1848
rain chart1849
isohyetal1889
isohyet1899
1848 A. K. Johnston Physical Atlas a3 (heading) Hyetographic or rain map of the World.
1962 T. W. Freeman Hundred Years of Geogr. x. 237 There is a hyetographic or rain map of Europe, showing the number of rainy days (more than 0.01 inch), the isohyetoses, or lines with equal amounts of rain.
1994 Remote Sensing Rev. 11 125 A technique is described for using rain rates inferred from..satellite observations to produce monthly total rain maps for the region 40°N to 40°S.
rain mark n. Geology (now rare) = rain print n.
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1851 C. Lyell in Q. Jrnl. Geol. Soc. 7 239 I received from Mr. Richard Brown some fine specimens of rain-marks from the greenish shales of the coal-measures of Cape Breton, Nova Scotia.
1873 Jrnl. Amer. Geogr. Soc. 4 383 The sandstones prevail for some distance down; and among the fragments rain-marks..were abundant.
1911 Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 50 637 The erect stumps are associated with rain marks and footprints, clear evidence of sub-aerial position.
rain-pearl n. poetic (now rare) a raindrop (cf. rain-gem n.).
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1865 Ladies' Repository Nov. 690/2 In the wide-spread, cloudy canopy the rain-pearls sparkle in the rays of the sun.
1879 O. Wilde in Time Apr. 30 Brush the rain-pearls from the eucharis.
1926 M. Leinster Dew on Leaf ii. iv. 191 Eastern music..was to him..as soft as whispered words of love, delicate as tumbling rain-pearls.
rain pit n. Geology = rain print n.
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1841 Penny Cycl. XIX. 270/2 Foot-prints, rain-pits, and hollows of every kind.
1963 M. Schwarzbach Climates of Past 64 Rain pits, being indicators of isolated showers are to be expected more in arid climates than in humid.
1991 Geogr. Jrnl. 157 324/1 There is possible evidence of present-day solution in the form of rain pits and karren on the sides of the pinnacles.
rain-pitting n. Geology rain prints; (also) the occurrence of such marks.
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1871 A. C. Ramsay in Q. Jrnl. Geol. Soc. 27 250 The presence of sun-cracks and rain-pittings in the Longmynd beds.
1894 Geol. Mag. Oct. 452 Slab..showing rain-pittings.
1928 Geogr. Jrnl. 72 135 They [sc. sandstones] show false bedding, ripple-marking, sun-cracking and rain-pitting of interbedded muds.
† rain-plover n. Obsolete rare the golden plover, Pluvialis apricaria.
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1817 E. Forster Catalogus Avium in Insulis Britannicis 33 Charadrius pluvialis. Golden Plover, Yellow Plover, or Rain Plover.
rain print n. Geology a small crater-like indentation found in certain types of rock which has the appearance of having been formed by the landing of a raindrop.
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1851 C. Lyell in Q. Jrnl. Geol. Soc. 7 238 We observed some very distinct rain-prints on ripple-marked shales.
1920 F. W. Emerson Agric. Geol. 1 By these fossil rain prints and stream marks we know that this rock was accumulated near an ancient beach.
1997 Sedimentary Geol. 112 45/2 The mudstones have undergone intensive pedogenic modification, and some beds contain rain prints and reptile trackways.
rain procession n. a ceremonial procession associated with rituals for the provision of rain.
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the world > the supernatural > the occult > sorcery, witchcraft, or magic > non-European magic (miscellaneous) > [noun] > rain-making > rain dance or procession
rain dance1870
rain procession1885
1885 A. J. Evans in Archaeologia 49 106 The Roman rain-procession, as described by Petronius.
1947 Jewish Q. Rev. 37 273 The seven names seem to be..for the special purpose of the rain-procession.
1999 Brit. Jrnl. Ethnomusicol. 8 38 Summer floods could be catastrophic [in China], but more common was drought, necessitating rain processions, in which ritual associations participated.
rain quail n. a small, black-breasted South Asian quail, Coturnix coromandelica (family Phasianidae), which is locally migratory during the monsoon season.
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1839 Madras Jrnl. Lit. & Sci. 10 6 C. Textilis... Black breasted Quail.—Rain quail of some. This pretty little species is very common in most of the well cultivated districts of India.
1909 Times 9 July 22/6 Hybrids have been produced between the rain quail (Coturnix coromandelica) and the pectoral quail (C. pectoralis).
1984 Annales d'Endocrinol. 45 403 The photoperiodic response of the sexually dimorphic rain quail was studied.
Rain Queen n. (also with lower-case initials) [compare Afrikaans reënkoningin (1947 or earlier), and perhaps also Lobedu Khishadula-maru-a-Daja , lit. ‘transformer of the clouds’, one of the titles of the 19th cent. Lobedu queen Modjadji (compare Modjadji n.)] South African the hereditary queen of the Lobedu people of Limpopo province (formerly the northern Transvaal) of South Africa, believed to have special powers including the ability to bring rain; cf. Modjadji n. 1.
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1933 J. Juta Look out for Ostriches 97 The dark mysterious Rain Queen... Mujaji is her name, and she is probably the last of the direct line of Rain Queens.
1959 L. G. Green These Wonders to Behold 33 For centuries the rain queen was expected, in her old age, to pass on her secrets.., and then to commit ritual suicide by taking poison.
2005 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 21 June 11 Tragedy followed South Africa's Rain Queen to her early grave yesterday as the young woman said to have power over the elements and the flow of rivers was buried.
rain scald n. Veterinary Medicine dermatitis affecting esp. the back and quarters of horses caused by the actinomycete Dermatophilus congolensis, typically occurring during persistently damp weather and characterized by the presence of scabs and matted tufts of hair; cf. mud fever n. 1.
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1961 Vet. Rec. 19 Aug. 795/2 Dermatitis of the horse caused by Dermatophilus sp... The acute form is dramatic and..produces lesions..familiar to many veterinary surgeons as ‘rain scald’.
1988 Riding June 27/4 A..winter problem you may encounter is a..reaction to rain and cold..on the horse's back and quarters..commonly known as rain scald.
2006 Racing Post (Nexis) 2 June 20 He was in a dreadful state. He was pretty much skin and bones, covered in rain scald and very poor indeed with mud fever, swollen legs, the whole lot.
rain shadow n. Meteorology and Geography an area in the lee of a mountain or mountain range which has low rainfall because the wind that arrives has already deposited most of its moisture on the windward side as it rises and cools; the relative lack of rain in the lee of a mountain.
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the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > dry weather or climate > [noun] > dry area behind range of hills
rain shadow1896
1896 Science 15 May 732/2 A pronounced ‘rain shadow’ and chonook belt occur on the plateau district in the lee of these mountains.
1922 W. G. Kendren Climates of Continents 58 The strip of low land along the east shore of the lake..is a well-marked rain-shadow.
2005 Whisky Mag. Oct. 49/2 The west of Scotland is the wettest region, with some of the east of the country effectively lying in a rain shadow.
rain shadowing n. Meteorology and Geography the production of a rain shadow.
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1936 Geogr. Jrnl. 87 11 Valley routes have certain advantages as well as disadvantages for air travel. Among their advantages I would put..the finer weather, owing to local rain-shadowing.
2006 Basic & Appl. Ecol. 7 254/1 The Taklamakan desert..is characterised by..extremely arid conditions in all seasons. This is due to its continental location and its additional rain shadowing by the alpine Tian and Kunlun mountains.
rain slicker n. North American = slicker n. 2.
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the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for body or trunk (and limbs) > [noun] > coat > types of > weatherproof > waterproof
raincoat1830
mackintosh coat1835
mackintosh1836
nor'-wester1853
slicker1884
mac1901
gabardine1909
rain slicker1910
trench coat1921
pac-a-mac1951
1910 N.Y. Times 5 Nov. 1/3 [They] were in civilian's clothes topped by yellow rain slickers closely buttoned about the neck.
1997 Fiddlehead Summer 230 The little alcove where the children hang their rain-slickers and hooded jackets.
rain spell n. a period of rain, a rainy spell; (Meteorology) one consisting of fifteen or more consecutive rain days.
ΚΠ
1869 Galveston (Texas) Daily News 22 July A considerable gale visited the premises of our friend..one night last week, during the rain spell.
1906 Brit. Rainfall 1905 124 We..consider..rain spells for which no more simple and expressive name has yet been found.
1924 Times 2 Jan. 11/5 The only rain spell (period of over 15 ‘rain’ days) occurred from February 12 to March 2, when over .01 inch was recorded for 19 consecutive days.
1939 Meteorol. Gloss. (Meteorol. Office) (ed. 3) 161 During the 62 years, 1858–1919, there were seven rain spells at Camden Square (London).
2007 Building & Environment 42 2157/1 It can evaporate during the rain but especially during the dry period after the end of a rain spell.
rain spot n. (a) Geology = rain print n.; (b) a raindrop; a wet mark made by a fallen raindrop.
ΚΠ
1845 J. Phillips & C. G. B. Daubeny Geol. in Encycl. Metrop. VI. 566/1 We see the coarse rocks of Borrowdale and Patterdale..change to..the pale grey rocks around Grasmere, or the ‘rain spot’ slate of White Moss.
1878 T. Hardy in New Q. Mag. July 328 He watched the rain spots thickening upon the faded frocks..and coarse pinafores of his unprotected little flock.
1895 C. E. Cowle Let. 18 Feb. in J. Mulvaney et al. From Frontier (2000) ii. 60 Daer was in at Alice Spgs and I was an orphan and kept busy dodging rain spots all night (it never ceased for four days and nights).
1944 in Mrs. Milburn's Diaries (1979) 5 Nov. 248 The rain had soaked the curtain and..rain spots showed on the carpet.
1958 A. Sillitoe Loneliness Long Distance Runner 38 Three green-backs..had been washed down by the water, and more were following, lying flat at first after their fall, then getting tilted at the corners by wind and rainspots.
2002 Jrnl. Struct. Geol. 24 1261/1 There is evidence of emergence (rain spots) and proximal plant life.
rainspout n. = spout n. 1a.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > roof > [noun] > spout
gargoyle13..
spout1392
rainspout1720
eaves-spout1846
eaves-shoot1889
1720 E. Lloyd tr. J. Chardin Trav. Persia II. xvii. 287 Their Care..is to keep always the Rain-Spouts clear, at the bottom.
1820 L. Hunt Indicator 21 June 289 You find..the rain-spout pouring away.
1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. xv. [Circe] 453 Boys from High school are perched on the..rainspouts, whistling and cheering.
2002 Corpus Christi (Texas) Caller-Times (Nexis) 29 Oct. b4 The gray and white kitten had slipped from a concrete wall near Dobbins Hall and fell into a PVC-pipe rainspout.
rain stick n. (a) colloquial (originally U.S.) an umbrella; (b) a stick used in rain-making rituals; (c) a rattle consisting of a sealed cylinder lined with thin pins and filled with small objects such as seeds or pebbles, which makes a sound similar to that of falling rain when inverted.
ΚΠ
1894 Cedar Rapids (Iowa) Evening Gaz. 9 Nov. 5/2 The editor's umbrella... For about two weeks a very desirable rain-stick had leaned against the desk.
1897 W. E. Roth Ethnol. Stud. N.-W.-Central Queensland Aborigines xii. 167 The singing over, the central figure dives out of sight, and attaches the rain-stick into the hollow log.
1984 Chicago Tribune 4 May vii. 8/1 Drums Ltd...stocks more than 1,000 different percussion instruments—everything from tam tam gongs..to Klaxon horns and Brazilian rain sticks.
1990 New Age Jrnl. June 84/3 (advt.) Zapotec tapetes, ceremonial rainsticks,..and masks.
1992 Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 30 Apr. 12 Every weapon against brollies has been tried... When they first appeared in London, rain sticks were considered effete and foreign affectations.
2006 Mod. Drummer Nov. 126/1 [He] plays a traditional acoustic drumkit for Tarzan, augmented by..a djembe, a couple of shakers, a tambourine, and a rain-stick.
rain-stone n. (a) a hail stone (usually in plural) (rare); (b) a stone used in rain-making rituals.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the supernatural > the occult > sorcery, witchcraft, or magic > non-European magic (miscellaneous) > [noun] > rain-making > charm used in
rain-stone1845
rain-charm1890
1845 Jrnl. Royal Geogr. Soc. 15 199 This mountain is very high, and hail storms (rain-stones, as Nasib expressed it) are frequent on it.
1872 H. Rawlinson in Edinb. Rev. Jan. 27 There has been a general belief throughout Central Asia at all times in the efficacy of the Yedeh, or ‘rain-stone’, to control the weather.
1929 Coshocton (Ohio) Tribune 26 Apr. 12/2 A hail storm hit the Ohio valley... The rain stones shattered windows and damaged fruit crops.
1932 Times Lit. Suppl. 1 Dec. 915/2 Such rain-stones may be of quartz, of which the transparency is suggestive of water.
2000 Z. Sardar Consumption Kuala Lumpur 176 There were traditional means of summoning rain to dowse the fires. In fact, my friend was all for getting her mother to send the family's powerful rainstone over.
rain suit n. a set of waterproof outer clothing, typically consisting of a pair of overtrousers and a hooded jacket.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > set or suit of clothes > [noun] > for specific purpose
sables1603
procation1650
business suit1854
frock-dress1854
suit1864
smoking-suit1898
rain suit1900
beach-pyjamas1928
safari kit1928
safari suit1935
1900 Uhrichsville (Ohio) News-Democrat 20 Dec. (advt.) Smoking jackets, house coats, mackintoshes, rain suits.
1950 L. Thomas Out of this World ii. 23 Our clothing on the trail would be warm ski pants, ski boots, woolen shirts, sweaters, windbreakers, ski caps, and rubberized rain suits.
2001 Canoe & Kayak Mar. 93/1 If you're on a tight budget, those inexpensive lightweight nylon rain suits..are hard to beat.
rain temple n. a temple in which rain-making rituals are performed.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > artefacts > sanctuary or holy place > temple > [noun] > for rain-provoking rituals
rain temple1893
1893 J. C. Clark Royal Photogr. Gallery 114 (caption) Rain Temple at Tsin-Tien, China... It is dedicated to the service of rain begetting.
1894 Daily Advocate (Newark, Ohio) 16 Jan. 4/5 (advt.) The next series..will contain the following photos... Rain Temple at Tsin-Tsin, China.
1911 J. G. Frazer Golden Bough: Magic Art (ed. 3) I. v. 250 When the rains do not come..the people of Central Angoniland repair to what is called the rain-temple.
1997 TDR 41 iv. 141 The God of the Rain Temple of Irinjalajuda..had spoken for us.
rain-tight adj. impervious to rain, rainproof.
ΚΠ
1831 T. Carlyle in Edinb. Rev. Dec. 365 She built a Senate-house likewise, glorious in its kind; and now it costs her a wellnigh mortal effort to sweep it clear of vermin, and get the roof made rain-tight.
1918 Republican Press (Salamanca, N.Y.) 2 May 5/4 The open models have..waterproof tops and rain-tight windshield.
1991 Highway & Heavy Constr. Oct. 46 An environmentally sealed, hand-held PC..weighs only 28 ounces with batteries, and is dustproof and rain-tight.
rain tree n. (a) a tree which drips water (or other liquid) from its foliage; esp. the monkey pod, Samanea saman (family Fabaceae ( Leguminosae)), a large evergreen tree originally of Central and South America and now widely planted as a shade tree in tropical regions; also called guango, saman; (b) an evergreen shrub or small tree of the tropical and South American genus Brunfelsia (family Solanaceae).
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > shrubs > non-British shrubs > [noun] > American or West Indian
ramgoat bush1566
burton-wood1697
cowage cherry1725
Jack-in-the-busha1726
screw tree1739
lady of the night1752
goatweed1756
solandra1797
silk-tassel1833
garrya1835
matico1839
choisya1840
Romneya1845
jointer1847
creosote-bush1851
creosote-plant1854
bridal wreath1856
ocotillo1856
adelaster1863
sage rose1864
white horse1864
tree poppy1866
Tacsonia1869
rain tree1877
piquillin bush1884
tassel-bush1891
bush poppy1899
Mexican orange1923
shrimp plant1941
1877 Bismarck (Dakota Territory) Tribune 30 July 2/2 In the woods adjacent to the City of Moyobamba exists a tree called by the natives Tamia-caspi (rain tree), which possesses some remarkable qualities.
1879 Bull. U.S. National Mus. No. 13. 75 Brunefelsia pubescens Rain-tree... Flowers odorous before rain.
1946 A. P. Benthall Trees of Calcutta 225 This was taken to be a discharge from the tree itself, hence the name ‘rain tree’.
1980 A. Stows & J. Stows Children's Tree Bk. 26 This is one of the so-called rain trees, because it sometimes appears to drip water; it is not really water, but a sticky liquid coming from an insect called a frog-hopper.
1995 Guardian 14 Oct. (Outlook section) 31/2 It was morning when you opened your eyes, night when you shut them—like the leaves of the enormous raintree in front of our home; its leaves automatically folded up at dusk and opened at dawn.
rain tyre n. a motor vehicle tyre of a type designed to provide added traction in wet conditions, used esp. on racing cars.
ΚΠ
1941 Oakland (Calif.) Tribune 26 Oct. c3/5 The demand for especially constructed mud and rain tires has greatly expanded in recent years.
1978 ‘D. Rutherford’ Collision Course 62 The rain came bucketing down... There was nothing for it but to pit, fit rain tyres and splosh cautiously round.
2006 AutoWeek (Nexis) 20 Nov. 52 Bourdais was the last of the front-runners to pit for rain tires.
rain vault n. rare a repository or receptacle for the collection of rainwater; spec. (a) Roman History †a compluvium (obsolete); (b) a type of concrete rainwater storage tank (a proprietary name in Australia).
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > roof > [noun] > opening for collection of rainwater
rain vault1552
compluvium1832
1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Rayne volte, Compluuius lacus.
2006 Constr. Contractor (Austral.) (Nexis) July Winner: Humes Rain Vault (rainwater harvesting system).
rainwash n. Geology the washing away of soil and rock fragments by rain; material so washed away.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > sediment or alluvium > [noun] > rain wash
rainwash1863
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > formation of features > movement of material > [noun] > by wind, water, or ice > movement by water
washing?1473
scour17..
wash1835
rainwash1863
washing in1877
overwash1886
soil wash1926
1863 Trans. Anthropol. Soc. 1 p. xi. The remains were lodged, not in the brick-earth, but in a more superficial soil, brought down by the weathering and rain-wash of the hillside.
1912 H. B. Woodward Geol. Soils & Substrata xviii. 221 All slopes are liable to receive a certain amount of downwash or rainwash in the form of earthy débris or angular detritus.
2001 Geomorphology 40 96/2 Ireland puts the origin of..many..gullies down, not to forest clearance..and simple subsequent rainwash, but rather to the enhanced runoff from new roads.
rainwear n. clothing designed to protect the wearer from the rain.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > [noun] > for specific purpose > other
dress1539
khilat1684
sweaters1828
tropicals1880
trade dress1887
sportswear1903
rat-catcher1910
rainwear1913
beach-wear1928
transitioner1941
camouflage1945
warm-up1949
buoyancy garment1962
athleisure1976
1913 Trenton (New Jersey) Evening Times 14 Mar. 14/2 (advt.) The most up-to-date styles and shapes in rain-wear apparel.
2003 J. Flanders Victorian House (2004) xi. 369 Burberry patented a ‘weatherproof’ cloth called gabardine in 1870, and gradually rainwear became equally common for both sexes.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

rainn.2

Brit. /reɪn/, U.S. /reɪn/
Forms:

α. late Middle English reygne, late Middle English 1600s reyne, 1500s reian; English regional (northern) 1700s– rein, 1800s reind, 1800s– reygne (Northumberland).

β. late Middle English–1600s rayne, 1500s rane, 1500s rayn, 1500s–1600s raine, 1800s– raheen (Irish English); English regional (northern) 1800s– raen, 1800s– rain, 1800s– rane, 1800s– rayne.

Origin: A borrowing from early Scandinavian.
Etymology: < early Scandinavian (compare Old Icelandic rein strip of land, and other Scandinavian forms cited at rone n.1). Compare rean n. and see discussion at that entry.With form reind compare similar forms in -nd at rean n. Probably attested earlier in the stream name Rains Brook (Warwickshire; c1150 as Reynesbroc); perhaps compare also the place name Reynwath, Raynwath in Nottinghamshire (13th cent.; now Rainworth), although in this instance the second element is also of Scandinavian origin, and the identity of the first element is not certain. In the Irish English form raheen perhaps influenced by -een suffix2.
Now chiefly English regional (northern).
1. A strip of land, a ridge; a division between fields or between strips of land in a field.In quot. a1450: a strip of land marked out as lists.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > farm > farmland > [noun] > narrow strip of land
swathc1325
runrig1437
raina1450
selionc1450
rundale1474
quillet1533
rig length1616
plank1631
narrow land1640
rap1710
run-ridge1741
rean1781
slinget1790
slip1837
a1450 Partonope of Blois (Univ. Coll. Oxf.) (1912) 9549 (MED) Two fayre Reynes [v.r. Renges] ordeyned haue he, Where-in these lordys shuld turneye.
1479 in J. Raine Priory of Hexham (1865) II. 25 Exinde versus bor. per unum reygne jacens inter campum prædictæ Wardon, et quandam parcellam terræ.
1481 Descr. Boundaries Ripon in J. T. Fowler Acts Church SS. Peter & Wilfrid, Ripon (1875) 346 Layland Raynes..Lidale Rayne..Turff-car Rayne.
1541 in J. T. Fowler Memorials Church SS. Peter & Wilfrid, Ripon (1888) III. 194 Et in decasu firmæ unius Rane voc. Sayntwilfryd Rane ad 10s. per annum 10s. 4d.
1608 in Peel Spen Valley (1893) 125 Followinge a certaine rayne or hedge devydinge Gomersall and Liversedge.
1829 J. Hunter Hallamshire Gloss. 74 A line across meadows where has formerly been a hedge or a road is called the rain.
1883 F. Seebohm Eng. Village Community x. 381 Similar terraces in the Dales of Yorkshire..are still called by the Dalesmen ‘reeans’ or ‘reins’.
1997 W. Rollinson Dict. Cumbrian Dial. 132/2 Reeans, reins, strips of uncultivated land between dales or allotments.
†2.
a. A furrow between the ridges or strips of land in a crop field. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > preparation of land or soil > ditching or drainage > [noun] > ditch
dikec893
gripa1000
ditch1045
fosselOE
water-furrowlOE
sow1316
furrowc1330
rick1332
sewer1402
gripplec1440
soughc1440
grindle1463
sheugh1513
syre1513
rain?1523
trench1523
slough1532
drain1552
fowsie?1553
thorougha1555
rean1591
potting1592
trink1592
syver1606
graft1644
work1649
by-ditch1650
water fence1651
master drain1652
rode1662
pudge1671
gripe1673
sulcus1676
rhine1698
rilling1725
mine1743
foot trench1765
through1777
trench drain1779
trenchlet1782
sunk fence1786
float1790
foot drain1795
tail-drain1805
flow-dike1812
groopa1825
holla1825
thorough drain1824
yawner1832
acequia madre1835
drove1844
leader1844
furrow-drain1858
?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. vv He seyth nat whyder the plough go in rige or rayne.
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Seillon,..the narrow trench, reyne, or furrow, left betweene butt and butt for the drayning thereof.
a1627 J. Wynn Hist. Gwydir Family (1878) 54 They reaped the corne that grew in the raine..as the corne in the ridge was not readie.
1729 P. Walkden Diary 10 Oct. (1866) (modernized text) 49 Then we dressed the bed, and I sowed the last of my wheat, dressed the reins, and I windowed the beans.
1837 E. Wedgewood Let. 10 Nov. in C. Darwin Corr. (1986) II. 56 The cop of the ridge being taken in one trial, and the rain (I believe a provincial term for the low place between the ridges formed by throwing the furrows each way) in another.
1844 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 5 59 Commencing in the rein of the former butts and making the former ridges into reins.
b. A small stream or ditch. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > stream > [noun] > streamling or streamlet
lake955
sikec1330
streamleta1552
streamling1605
rain1611
rean1611
streamie1789
draw1864
tricklet1880
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Ardoüe, a little brooke, or reyne, that gently runnes along a field.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

rainv.

Brit. /reɪn/, U.S. /reɪn/
Forms: Old English hregnia (Northumbrian), Old English regnian (Mercian), early Middle English reȝȝnenn ( Ormulum), early Middle English reiȝn, early Middle English reinie, Middle English raynn, Middle English regne, Middle English reigne, Middle English reine, Middle English reyghn, Middle English reygne, Middle English reyn, Middle English–1500s rein, Middle English–1500s reyne, Middle English–1600s raine, Middle English–1600s rayne, Middle English– rain, 1500s raigne, 1600s raign, 1600s reign, 1800s– rainded (past tense, nonstandard); Scottish pre-1700 raine, pre-1700 rane, pre-1700 rayn, pre-1700 rayne, pre-1700 1700s– rain.
Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.
Etymology: Cognate with Old Frisian reina (West Frisian reine ), Middle Dutch rēgenen , rēghenen , reinen (Dutch regenen ), Middle Low German rēgenen , rēgnen , Old High German reganōn (Middle High German regenen , regnen , German regnen ), Old Icelandic regna , Old Swedish räghna (Swedish regna ), Old Danish rægnæ , regnæ , reynæ (Danish regne ) < the Germanic base of rain n.1 Both the senses ‘to send down rain’ and ‘(of rain) to fall’ are paralleled in other Germanic languages.Compare also the parallel (and more common) Old English Class I weak verb rignan , rīnan rine v.2 and its cognates in other Germanic languages. N.E.D. (1903) entered the following quot. under sense 1c, but it is now generally agreed that it shows a transmission error for rayued , apparently the past participle of a verb meaning ‘to unroof’ (see reave v.4); the edition of the York Plays by R. Beadle & P. M. King (1982) accordingly emends to rayued:a1450 York Plays (1885) 112 Þe walles are doune on ilke a side, Þe ruffe is rayned aboven oure hede.
1.
a. intransitive. Of the heavens, clouds, etc.: to send or pour down rain. Also figurative and in extended senses.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > precipitation or atmospheric moisture > rain > rain falls [verb (intransitive)] > cause rain to fall
rainOE
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > causing to come or go down > cause to come or go down [verb (transitive)] > let fall or drop > drop down copiously or in a shower
rainOE
rineOE
snow?a1366
shower1611
sleet1786
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > falling > fall [verb (intransitive)] > drop or fall vertically > (as) from the sky > copiously
rainOE
rineOE
shower1582
hail1859
OE (Northumbrian) Lindisf. Gospels: Matt. v. 45 Pluit [pater uester] super iustos et iniustos : sniueð uel hregnað [OE Rushw. regneþ] ofer soðfæsta & unsoðfæste.
c1300 St. Dominic (Laud) 235 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 284 (MED) Þat weder bi-gan to reinie faste in eche side a-boute.
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) iii. 689 (MED) Withinne a throwe He [sc. winter] reyneth and the watergates Undoth.
a1425 (a1382) Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Corpus Oxf.) (1850) Gen. ii. 5 The Lord God forsothe had not reyned vpon the erthe.
a1425 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (1987) iii. 551 Whan..that the wolken shop hym for to reyne, He streght o morwe unto his nece went.
a1475 Sidrak & Bokkus (Lansd.) (Ph.D. diss., Univ. of Washington) (1965) 10475 (MED) As þicke ben clowdes ay..And als redy to her werke, Þat is to reyne and make fair Þe clowdy wedre and þe air.
a1525 Crying ane Playe 35 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 150 The skyis ranyd quhen he wald scowle.
1587 Sir P. Sidney & A. Golding tr. P. de Mornay Trewnesse Christian Relig. i. 11 Caligula, who threatened the Ayre if it rayned vpon his Gameplayers.
1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 ii. iii. 59 To raine vpon remembrance with mine eies, That it may grow and sprout. View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare King Lear (1623) iii. vii. 60 Poore old heart, he holpe the Heauens to raine.
1642 T. Fuller Holy State ii. xv. 107 Good reason therefore Northern Scholars should be most watered there, where Northern Benefactours rained most.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vii. 331 God had yet not rain'd Upon the Earth, and man to till the ground None was. View more context for this quotation
1697 J. Dryden Ded. Æneis in tr. Virgil Wks. sig. b4v They make Æneas..a kind of a St. Swithen Heroe, always raining.
1794 C. Wilkins tr. Story of Dooshwanta & Sakoontala i, in A. Dalrymple Oriental Repertory II. 419 The clouds rained in due season.
1817 Ld. Byron Manfred iii. i. 59 Which casts up misty columns that become Clouds raining from the re-ascended skies.
1832 Ld. Tennyson Lady of Shalott iv, in Poems (new ed.) 16 Heavily the low sky raining Over towered Camelot.
1851 H. Melville Moby-Dick xlii. 214 The tearlessness of arid skies that never rain.
1883 W. S. Gresley Gloss. Terms Coal Mining 198 An underground place is said to rain when water drops freely from the roof.
1972 Nature 24 Mar. 139/1 The primary purpose of the experiments with seeding clouds was to increase the amount of rain from the clouds, or to cause them to rain if they would not otherwise have done so.
1997 Spirit June 16/2 As the heavens continued to rain down, we looked out the windows pining at the Louisiana bayou, eager for the sun to come out.
b. transitive. Of personal or other agents: to send or pour down (something that falls like rain). Occasionally with rain or bad weather as object. Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > falling > fall down (something) [verb (transitive)] > fall copiously
rineeOE
rainc1350
c1350 Psalter (BL Add. 17376) in K. D. Bülbring Earliest Compl. Eng. Prose Psalter (1891) lxxvii. 31 (MED) He rained vp hem pudre, flesshes, and volatils feþered as grauel of þe se.
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Isa. v. 6 To the cloudis I shal comaunde that thei reyne not vp on it weder.
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) v. 1672 (MED) Whan that thei for hunger pleigne, The myhti god began to reyne Manna fro hevene doun to grounde.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 2841 (MED) Our lauerd raind o þam o-nan Dun o lift, fire and brinstan.
c1460 Tree & 12 Frutes (McClean) (1960) 96 (MED) Swete soules..ben mad of oure lordis grace as a cloude forto reyne water of teris.
a1538 A. Abell Roit or Quheill of Tyme f. 5v, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Rain God ranand hail stane & tempest aganis thame.
1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes f. 166v Iupiter in fourme of a shoure raynyng droppes of golde.
a1586 J. Stewart Poems (1913) 244 God did on tham raine Fuid celicall.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor (1623) v. v. 18 Let the skie raine Potatoes. View more context for this quotation
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iv, in tr. Virgil Wks. 125 Nor shaken Oaks such Show'rs of Acorns rain.
a1774 A. Tucker Light of Nature Pursued (1777) III. iii. 6 He could have rained us food from heaven.
1818 J. Keats Endymion ii. 73 Another [Cupid]..Rain'd violets upon his sleeping eyes.
1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. xxi. 591 He rained shells and redhot bullets on the city.
1882 J. H. Blunt Reformation Church of Eng. II. 9 Raining coronets upon their heads and wealth into their coffers.
1904 H. O. Sturgis Belchamber v. 58 She began early in the May term to rain letters upon her son.
1939 Ann. Reg. 1938 260 Air-raids rained bombs on Barcelona, Tarragona, and a number of peaceful seaside towns where there was no trace of any military objective.
1977 Time 14 Mar. 53/1 Fans rained bottles and cans on to the ground.
1993 Independent on Sunday 4 Apr. 20/7 The sky rained German bombs and theatregoers scuttled for the air-raid shelters.
†c. transitive. To wet (something) as if with rain. Obsolete. rare.
ΚΠ
c1450 C. d'Orleans Poems (1941) 83 (MED) Tho gan y reyne with teeris of myn eyne Mi pilowe.
2.
a. intransitive. With non-referential it in it rains, it is raining, etc. Rain is falling; a rain shower, a rainstorm, etc., is occurring.Used either in the 3rd singular of finite tenses or in the infinitive with modal, inceptive, etc., verbs.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > precipitation or atmospheric moisture > rain > rain falls [verb (intransitive)]
rineOE
rainc1175
the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > abundance > abound [verb (intransitive)] > flow or fall abundantly
overflowOE
rainc1175
streama1250
overfleeta1325
fleetc1374
gush?a1400
pour1538
troll1576
to rain in1596
c1175 ( in A. O. Belfour 12th Cent. Homilies in MS Bodl. 343 (1909) 48 Helias hine bed þet hit ne reiȝnde [OE Vercelli rinde] ofer eorðan.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 14565 Fowwerrtiȝ daȝhess all onn an Ne blann itt nohht to reȝȝnenn.
a1225 (c1200) Vices & Virtues (1888) 143 (MED) He besohte at gode þat naht ne scolde reinin.
a1325 St. John Evangelist (Corpus Cambr.) 140 in C. D'Evelyn & A. J. Mill S. Eng. Legendary (1956) 598 (MED) Oure Louerd hurde is bone wel, ne reinde it neuere eft þere.
c1405 (c1385) G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 677 Now it shyneth, now it reyneth faste.
a1425 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Linc. Inn) (1952) 5174 (MED) Whan hit snywiþ oþer rayneþ..Al his body he by wryeþ.
c1475 (a1400) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 307 (MED) It is eir of pestilence when it semeþ to reyne & reyneþ not.
1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. ccvii. 244 For moost part day and night it reyned without cease.
1578 J. Rolland Seuin Seages 101 All the nicht ouir it ranit sa on me, That [etc.].
1593 W. Shakespeare Venus & Adonis sig. Dv Euen as the wind is husht before it raineth . View more context for this quotation
1655 I. Walton Compl. Angler (ed. 2) v. 167 But come, now it hath done raining, lets stretch our legs a little in a gentle walk.
1697 W. Dampier New Voy. around World ii. 13 It rained very hard.
1711 J. Swift Lett. (1767) III. 151 It rained so this evening again, that I thought I should hardly be able to get a dry hour to walk home in.
a1790 B. Franklin Autobiogr. (1981) 146 We had not march'd many Miles before it began to rain, and it continu'd raining all Day.
1813 J. Austen Let. 9 Feb. (1995) 206 It is raining furiously—& tho' only a storm, I shall probably send my Letter to Alton instead of going myself.
1854 Earl of Carlisle Diary 115 It has really taken to rain rather frequently.
1882 ‘Ouida’ In Maremma I. 197 If it would only have rained, how welcome it would have been.
1898 E. N. Westcott David Harum ii. 19 I didn't make it come on to rain, did I?
1928 D. H. Lawrence Lady Chatterley's Lover xvii. 321 Please do stay on a little longer, if it is..preparing you for our sufficiently awful winter. Even today, it rains.
1960 C. Day Lewis Buried Day ii. 29 But if it rained, it must have been timely showers to ripen the fruit.
2006 FourFourTwo Aug. 84/3 Watching the Spanish in London is a bit like going to the Costa del Sol when it's raining.
b. intransitive. In prepositional passive. to be rained on (also upon): to be fallen upon by rain. Usually with on, upon.
ΚΠ
a1425 (c1384) Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Corpus Oxf.) (1850) Ezek. xxii. 24 Thou art the vnclene loond, not reynyd togidir [a1425 L.V. bireyned; L. compluta; Coverdale, etc. rayned vpon] in the dai of woodnes.
1561 N. Winȝet Cert. Tractates in Wks. (1888) I. 14 Ane vnclene land, quhilk is not raynit vpon.
1610 Bible (Douay) II. Ezekiel xxii. 24 Thou art a land that is unclean, and not rained upon in the day of wrath.
1688 W. Barton tr. Six Cent. Select Hymns iii. 274 One piece was rain'd upon and sped, And that which was not withered.
1822 W. Irving Bracebridge Hall I. 125 Near the cart was a half-dozing cow, chewing the cud, and standing patiently to be rained on.
1886 R. L. Stevenson Kidnapped xxiv. 240 We..travelled on..often buried in mist, almost continually blown and rained upon, and not once cheered by any glimpse of sunshine.
1914 R. L. Frost North of Boston 105 He's got hay down that's been rained on three times.
1935 W. Faulkner Pylon 8 The cheap breeches..skintight as if both they and their wearer had been recently and hopelessly rained on.
1937 Burlington Mag. June 262/1 Rained-on, as it were, by Nature.
1989 I. Murdoch Message to Planet v. 443 We must put the chairs on the verandah, otherwise they will be rained on.
3.
a. intransitive. Of something other than rain: to fall from the sky or through the air in the manner of rain; occasionally with away, down, in.
ΚΠ
a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 99 (MED) He let hem reine manne to bi-liue.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) 2841 (MED) Oure lord let reyne on hem anoon..fyre & brimston.
c1429 Mirour Mans Saluacioune (1986) l. 1491 In the Arche was manna also þa in desert reynyde.
c1540 J. Bellenden tr. H. Boece Hyst. & Cron. Scotl. iii. xvii. f. li/1 Ane schoure of stanis was in Athole, siclike in Angus ranit paddokis.
1592 Countess of Pembroke tr. R. Garnier Antonius ii, in tr. P. de Mornay Disc. Life & Death sig. G3 Bloud raining downe from heau'n in vnknow'n showers.
1643 R. Baker Chron. Kings of Eng. i. 79 A showre of Blood Rained in the Isle of Wight two houres together.
1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. ii. 104 Bloud reigned in some parts of the Land.
1749 T. Short Gen. Chronol. Hist. Air I. 64 Blood rained from the Clouds, a grievous Mortality followed.
1820 P. B. Shelley Vision of Sea in Prometheus Unbound 175 The intense thunder-balls which are raining from heaven.
1842 Ld. Tennyson Sir Galahad i, in Poems (new ed.) II. 174 Perfume and flowers fall in showers, That lightly rain from ladies' hands.
1865 W. G. Palgrave Narr. Journey through Arabia I. 72 Invitations rained in on all sides.
1884 ‘M. Twain’ Adventures Huckleberry Finn xix. 180 A steamboat..would belch a whole world of sparks up out of her chimbleys, and they would rain down in the river and look awful pretty.
1905 Westm. Gaz. 4 Apr. 10/2 All declared the recoil, as the bullets rained away, very slight.
1948 T. Heggen Mister Roberts xi. 141 Ticker-tape rained from Wall Street windows.
1974 J. Gardner Nickel Mountain ii. iii. 79 And the rice would rain down,..rice and confetti raining down like seeds out of heaven.
1981 J. McPhee Basin & Range 42 Boulders came raining off the mountains..to form conglomerate..sometimes known as pudding stone.
b. intransitive. Of rain: to fall.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > precipitation or atmospheric moisture > rain > rain falls [verb (intransitive)] > fall (of rain)
rineOE
berinea1300
raina1400
wet1740
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) 1835 Þis rain rained euer onane.
c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xvii. 333 The reyne þat reyneth [c1400 C text v.rr. regneþ, raineþ] þere we reste sholde, Ben sikenesses & sorwes.
?a1450 Metrical Life Christ (1977) 69 (MED) Oure Lord..Into helle descended doun With angels hym euer folewinge, Þicker þan þe rayn raynynge.
a1500 (?a1450) Gesta Romanorum (Harl. 7333) (1879) 239 Yf..þe Reyne Rayne vppon boþe myn yen [etc.].
1523 J. Skelton Goodly Garlande of Laurell 1431 Whan the rayne rayneth and the gose wynkith, Lytill wotith the goslyng what the gose thinkith.
a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) II. 206 All this ȝeir..thair was ane gret drouthe that the rain ranit nocht.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) v. i. 388 The raine it raineth euery day. View more context for this quotation
1777 J. Brand Observ. Pop. Antiq. 53 Happy (says the Proverb) is..the Corpse the Rain rains on.
1841 R. W. Emerson Ess. 1st Ser. (Boston ed.) vii. 197 If you meet a..hostile partisan, never recognize the dividing lines, but meet on what common ground remains,—if only that the sun shines, and the rain rains for both.
1885 R. L. Stevenson Child's Garden of Verses 63 Rain may keep raining, and others go roam, But I can be happy and building at home.
1925 W. Cather Professor's House iii. ii. 265 Wherever sun sunned and rain rained and snow snowed..places were alike to him.
1987 G. McCaughrean Little Lower than Angels v. 54 Gabriel..knew he was safe, however hard the wind blew or the rain rained.
4. transitive. With non-referential it in it rains, it is raining, etc.
a. There is a fall of (something that descends like rain); (occasionally) there is a shower of (rain).
ΚΠ
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 77 Swa ich habbe anede ernde dun in þe tun, þach hit reine arewen, ich habbe anede erende.
c1300 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Otho) (1963) l. 1943 Þreo daiȝes hit reinede blod.
c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) 566 (MED) Þen rekils it vnruydly & raynes doune stanys.
a1500 (?c1450) Bone Florence (1976) 43 (MED) For þre dayes hyt reyned blode.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Luke xvii. 29 It rayned fyre and brymstone from heauen.
1596 Bp. W. Barlow tr. L. Lavater Three Christian Serm. iii. 141 In Bauaria it rained corne, of which much bread was baked.
1610 J. Healey tr. St. Augustine Citie of God iii. xxxi. 152 It rained..stones, (not concrescences, that might be called haile, but direct stones).
1618 J. Taylor Pennyles Pilgrimage C 2 b All the day long it rayned but one showre.
1653 I. Walton Compl. Angler vii. 152 It should rain none but water Frogs. View more context for this quotation
1687 A. de la Pryme Diary (1870) i. 10 It rained wheat..several granes of which were sent as miraculous and prodigious presents to several gentlemen about us.
1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. at Rain [They] acounted it a miracle that it rained earth and sulphur upon them.
1770 T. Bridges Burlesque Transl. Homer (ed. 3) II. xi. 188 Jove..mixt a shower of rain with rud, To make 'em think it rain'd sheer blood.
1822 P. B. Shelley Hellas 30 It has rain'd blood.
1858 ‘G. Eliot’ Mr. Gilfil's Love-story i, in Scenes Clerical Life I. 166 Did you notice how it rained sugar-plums yesterday?
1871 W. D. Howells in Atlantic Monthly Dec. 722/2 It was raining one of those cold rains.
1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. xv. [Circe] 555 It rains dragon's teeth. Armed heroes spring up from the furrows.
1956 Edwardsville (Illinois) Intelligencer 8 Aug. It was the first time it has rained fish here in 50 years.
1994 Denver Post 16 Jan. t12/4 We sloshed behind, as exuberantly as if it were raining champagne.
2003 newWitch Spring 54/1 You're standing outside, minding your own business, when all of a sudden it starts raining frogs.
b. figurative and in figurative contexts. There is a profusion or abundance of (something other than rain).
ΚΠ
1595 A. Copley Wits Fittes & Fancies 60 A famous Preacher..vsed to say, that out of doubt if it rain'd myters, not any one would light vpon his head.
1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 v. i. 47 It rainde downe fortune showring on your head. View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) iii. xiii. 85 Bestow'd his lips on that vnworthy place, As it rain'd kisses. View more context for this quotation
1746 H. Walpole Let. 5 June in Corr. (1941) IX. 26 Why it rains princes.
1756 World 1 Jan. 943 They are fit only to be inhabitants of Lubberland, where..men lie upon their backs with their mouths open, and it rains fat pigs ready roasted.
1876 C. M. Davies Unorthodox London (rev. ed.) 110 It has positively rained tracts.
1936 G. B. Shaw Millionairess i, in Simpleton, Six, & Millionairess 153 It rained money in bucketsful.
1984 R. Howard Lining Up v. 82 And was it my fault that it rained Gladyses and globes?
1996 Chesapeake Bay Mag. Feb. 10/3 I don't care if it rains militia, I will sup in Baltimore tonight or in Hell.
5.
a. transitive. To send or bring forth (an immaterial thing) in large quantities; to inflict (blows, etc.) repeatedly. Also with down.
ΚΠ
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Job xx. 23 Wolde God..that he sende out in to hym the wrathe of his wodnesse, and reyne [L. pluat] vp on hym his bataile.
1413 T. Hoccleve Balade Richard II l. 31 in Minor Poems (1970) i. 48 Eterne god..Hath reyned dropes of conpassioun.
a1500 (c1340) R. Rolle Psalter (Univ. Oxf. 64) (1884) xvii. 13 Prechours..ere liftid fra the erth in til contemplacioun, and raynes down godis word till other.
c1595 Countess of Pembroke Psalme lxix. 73 in Coll. Wks. (1998) II. 84 Downe vpon them fury raine.
1609 Bible (Douay) I. Job xx. 23 May his belly be filled, that God may send forth the wrath of his indignation upon him, and rain down his war upon him.
1645 J. Milton L'Allegro in Poems 35 Ladies, whose bright eies Rain influence.
1726 A. Pope tr. Homer Odyssey IV. xvii. 49 Rains kisses on his neck, his face, his eyes.
1820 P. B. Shelley To Skylark in Prometheus Unbound 202 The moon rains out her beams, and heaven is overflowed.
1847 C. Dickens Dombey & Son (1848) xlvii. 460 The thick and sullen air where Vice and Fever propagate together, raining the tremendous social retributions which are ever pouring down.
1878 R. B. Smith Carthage 152 The blows rained by practised pugilists on one another.
1907 E. von Arnim Fräulein Schmidt iii. 13 Some of the words you rained down on me on Tuesday night between all those kisses came throbbing through my head.
1917 E. Wharton Summer v. 53 Before sunset the clouds dissolved again, and the western light rained its unobstructed brightness on the valley.
1962 S. Wynter Hills of Hebron xiv. 179 The stupid Martha wanted to rain blows on the girl's back.
2001 N. Ferguson Cash Nexus i. 40 Bomber pilots were able to fly from their bases in Knob Noster, Missouri, rain down destruction on Belgrade, and return home in time for pizza.
b. intransitive. Of an immaterial thing: to arrive or appear in large or overwhelming quantities, in the manner of a shower of rain. Of blows, etc.: to be delivered repeatedly. Also with down.
ΚΠ
c1400 (?a1387) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Huntington HM 137) (1873) C. xv. 24 Grace groweþ nat til god wol [read wil] gynne reyne.
a1450 Castle Perseverance (1969) l. 2057 Þerfor, seuene systerys swote, Lete oure vertus reyne on rote.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Job xx. 23 God shal..cause his battayll to rayne ouer him.
1602 J. Marston Antonios Reuenge iii. ii. sig. F The curse of heauen raines In plagues vnlimitted through all his daies.
1653 Duchess of Newcastle Poems & Fancies 60 Then Showers of doubts into the Mind raine downe.
1744 T. Odell Prodigal iv. i. 55 Can you lead up your Soldiers to a Wall and scale it, when Bullets, melted Pitch, and Sulphur rain upon you?
1792 R. Heron tr. D. Chavis & M. Cazotte Arabian Tales I. 222 If he stopped but for a moment, blows rained hard upon his shoulder.
1801 J. Adams Wks. (1854) IX. 585 Ennui, when it rains on a man in large drops, is worse than one of our north-east storms.
a1832 J. Bentham Fragm. on Govt. Pref. to ed. 2, in Wks. (1843) I. 248/1 Invectives rained upon him, but I thought him calumniated.
1834 T. Carlyle Sartor Resartus iii. v. 85/1 Did we not hear him complain that..the ‘rags and tatters of old Symbols’ were raining down every where, like to drift him in, and suffocate him?
1847 Ld. Tennyson Princess v. 118 As from a giant's flail, The large blows rain'd.
1918 E. Wharton Marne xi. 119 The before-dawn twitter of birds rained down on them like dew.
1969 M. Puzo Godfather iv. xvi. 247 He let the blows rain on his unprotected head and neck until Sonny's rage ebbed.
1986 New Yorker 31 Mar. 21/2 Our goalie was subjected to..slap shot after slap shot raining in from the blue line.
6.
a. intransitive. Of a tear: to fall like rain. Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > lamentation or expression of grief > weeping > weep [verb (intransitive)] > fall (of tears)
raina1400
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) 18256 (MED) Noon is þat wol him deyne A teer of his eȝen let reyne.
a1425 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (1987) iv. 873 For which Pandare myghte nat restreyne The teeris from his eighen for to reyne.
a1450 (?1420) J. Lydgate Temple of Glas (Tanner) (1891) 961 (MED) Nou lete ȝoure teris into myn inke reyne.
1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. Jan. i. f. 1v I see your teares, that from your boughes doe raine, Whose drops in drery ysicles remaine.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ix. 1122 They sate them down to weep, nor onely Teares Raind at thir Eyes. View more context for this quotation
1762 Loves Carmi & Iphis iii. 130 A shower of tears rained from the eyes of her followers.
1860 W. M. Thackeray Lovel vi Genuine tears rained down her yellow cheeks.
1897 B. Stoker Dracula xvii. 235 He grew quite hysterical,..and the tears rained down his cheeks.
1908 L. M. Montgomery Anne of Green Gables xvi. 174 The tears just rained down over my cheeks.
a1911 D. G. Phillips Susan Lenox (1917) I. vi. 94 The sobs choked up into her throat and the tears rained from her eyes.
1932 T. E. Lawrence tr. Homer Odyssey xvi So sorrowfully did the tears rain down from their eyelids and so unstaunched that the sun might have set upon their lamentations.
1992 E. Adler Peach (BNC) 102 Her parcels fell to the floor and she was in his arms, tears raining down her face and staining his immaculate uniform.
b. transitive. To shed (tears) copiously.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > lamentation or expression of grief > weeping > weep for [verb (transitive)] > shed (tears)
weepc900
shedc1175
greetc1300
fallc1475
raina1560
blubber1583
vent1632
to let fall1816
to turn on the main1836
a1560 Arundel MS 255/8 My ene for doloure wofull teris ranis Quhen that I se thé nalit on the rude.
1591 E. Spenser Teares of Muses in Complaints sig. E4 With that she raynd such store of streaming teares, That could haue made a stonie heart to weep.
1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost v. ii. 801 Rayning the teares of lamentation. View more context for this quotation
1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet iv. v. 167 They bore him bare-faste on the Beere, And in his graue rain'd many a teare.
1789 W. Taylor Let. in Evengelical Mag. (1797) 5 444 He laid her in the hole, sat down, and (as the man expressed it) ‘rained tears!’
1820 P. B. Shelley Ode to Liberty viii, in Prometheus Unbound 213 What if the tears rained through thy shattered locks Were quickly dried?
1871 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues I. 230 His eyes rain tears.
1917 E. W. Wilcox Poet. Wks. 389 My wet eyes Rained tears upon the silken tress of hair.
2001 El Paso (Texas) Times (Nexis) 12 Nov. 1 b With mouth agape and wide eyes raining tears, she embraced her son.
7. transitive. With adverb or adverbial phrase: to bring (a thing or a person) into a specified condition or circumstances by the occurrence or fall of rain. Frequently reflexive with weather, clouds, etc., as subject, or with non-referential it.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > precipitation or atmospheric moisture > rain > fall upon or wet with rain [verb (transitive)]
berain?c1225
berinea1300
raina1500
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > precipitation or atmospheric moisture > rain > fall upon or wet with rain [verb (transitive)] > bring into a specific condition by raining
raina1500
a1500 (c1340) R. Rolle Psalter (Univ. Oxf. 64) (1884) cxlii. 6 My saule..draghis til the, noght til the warld, that may noght wete it; forthi thou rayne it ful of grace, that it bere froyt.
a1500 (?a1450) Gesta Romanorum (Harl. 7333) (1879) 239 (MED) Yf..þe Reyne Rayne vppon boþe myn yen, yee me hadde leuer lete hit Reyne hem oute of the hede, than I turnid me.
1787 W. Beckford Jrnl. 22 Dec. in Jrnl. Portugal & Spain (1954) (modernized text) 298 The weather has rained itself fair.
1856 E. B. Browning Aurora Leigh ix. 379 As a summer-cloud Which, having rained itself to a tardy peace, Stands still in heaven.
1903 Westm. Gaz. 17 June 10/1 It was the rain that rained away the Corn Laws.
1976 G. Moffat Short Time to Live ix. 85 She was a walker rained off the hill.
8. transitive. In passive. Of a substance or thing: to be showered down like rain. Also figurative. rare.
ΚΠ
1647 H. Hammond Of Power of Keyes vii. 140 Manna ceased to be rain'd from heaven.
1756 C. Lucas Ess. Waters ii. 28 Sometimes salt instead of fresh water has been rained in different places.
1842 Ld. Tennyson Love thou thy Land in Poems (new ed.) I. 228 And this be true, till Time shall close, That Principles are rain'd in blood.
1867 O. W. Holmes Guardian Angel v. 51 As for them poor little creturs, she said, she believed they was rained down out o' the skies.
1963 G. Greene Dear Dr. Falkenheim in Coll. Stories (1972) 279 They had more of a sense of glory about them rained like that out of the sky.
1997 Harvard Jrnl. Asiatic Stud. 57 505 Grain was rained down from Heaven instead of sprouting from the earth.

Phrases

Phrases and proverbs.
P1. if it should rain porridge, he would want his dish and variants: this person is characterized by bad luck or by an inability to be organized or prepared.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > adversity > calamity or misfortune > unfortunately [phrase] > suffering misfortune > recurrent ill-fortune
if it should rain porridge, he would want his dish1576
1576 U. Fulwell Ars Adulandi f. 2v It rayned pottage, but I wanted a dish.
1670 J. Ray Coll. Eng. Prov. 191 If it should rain pottage, he would want his dish.
1732 T. Fuller Gnomologia 112 If it should rain Porridge, he'd want a Dish.
1889 C. H. Spurgeon Salt-cellars 257 If it rained porridge, the lazy man would have no basin.
1923 Rep. & Trans. Devonshire Assoc. 54 136 If it should be rainin' porridge, my dish'd sure to be upside down.
1950 K. S. Prichard Winged Seeds ii. 29 Unluckiest man ever I knew. If it was raining pea soup, he'd only have a fork.
P2. it never rains but it pours: events of a particular kind (esp. misfortunes) tend to occur at the same time or in rapid succession.
ΚΠ
1700 E. Ward Step to Bath 16 The next Morning I receiv'd a Letter of Advice from London, of the Death of an Aunt, who had made me her Heir; which put me in mind of the Old Proverb, It never Rains, but must Pour.
1726 Arbuthnot (title) It cannot Rain but it Pours: or, London strow'd with Rarities.
1771 T. Gray Let. 2 Feb. in Corr. (1971) III. 1164 It never rains, but it pours.
1809 B. H. Malkin tr. A. R. Le Sage Adventures Gil Blas I. i. ix. 75 As it never rains but it pours, I was in the front of the battle.
1848 F. A. Kemble Let. in Rec. Later Life (1882) III. 359 It's curious all these engagements offering now within these few days: to be sure, it never rains but it pours.
1893 Earl of Dunmore Pamirs I. 292 As it never rains but it pours, news of another disaster was rife in the city in the evening.
1930 J. B. Priestley Angel Pavement ix. 451 Unfortunately—as he knew only too well, for he had said it often enough—it never rains but it pours.
1961 ‘W. Cooper’ Scenes Married Life iv. iv. 237 I sat waiting for the professor's letter, not surprised by the fact that, in the Civil Service, it never rains but it pours.
1988 B. Sterling Islands in Net (1989) i. 16 A sudden Japanese phrase leapt into Laura's head. ‘Nakitsura ni hachi’, she blurted. ‘It never rains but it pours.’
P3. to know enough to come (or go) in when it rainsand variants (chiefly U.S.): to have adequate common sense or intelligence; frequently in negative contexts. Cf. to know enough to come in out of the rain at rain n.1 Phrases 1.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > understanding > reason, faculty of reasoning > common sense > be sensible [phrase]
on one's feetOE
an old head on (also upon) young shoulders1591
to know enough to come in out of the rain1599
to have the (good) sense to (do something)1620
to have a (good, wise, etc.) head on (also upon) one's shoulders1659
to know enough to come (or go) in when it rains1797
to come (also get) down to brass tacks (or nails)1897
1797 New Hampsh. & Vermont Jrnl. 14 Feb. 4/1 Of wit I brag not, yet with brains Enough to walk in, when it rains.
a1852 F. M. Whitcher Widow Bedott Papers (1856) iii. 36 He was a saftly feller—dident scarcely know enough to go in when it rained.
1866 ‘M. Twain’ Lett. from Sandwich Islands (1937) 84 A..majority..that knew just about enough to come in when it rained.
1908 J. Conrad Let. 23 Mar. in Lett. (1990) IV. 108 It is enough to make one wonder whether the man understands the words he writes—whether he has sense and judgment enough to come in when it rains?
1923 E. F. Wyatt Invisible Gods i. ii. 19 Hetherington Marshfield, who doesn't know enough to go in when it rains!
1972 Galveston (Texas) Daily News 9 Aug. 4 a/5 The question is whether General Giap knows enough to come in when it rains—or before some of that rain spills out through the gaps in broken dikes.
P4. to rain on a person's parade: to spoil a person's enjoyment of something, esp. a personal achievement or special occasion; to ruin a person's plans.
ΚΠ
1964 B. Merrill Don't rain on my Parade (song) in I. Lennart et al. Funny Girl xiv. 85 Don't tell me not to live, Just sit and putter... Who told you you're allowed To rain on my parade!
1975 Newsweek (Nexis) 17 Mar. 21 Ullman beat the adhoc task forces to a program, deferring its announcement only on a personal plea..that he not rain on the leadership's parade.
1992 M. Blonsky Amer. Mythologies (1993) xvi. 410 Eco rained on the Derrideans' parade by linking the father of deconstruction to Renaissance madness.
2002 A. Cumming Tommy's Tale (2004) 68 Sadie was obviously desperate to tell me something juicy and I was raining on her parade.
P5. slang (originally in the language of rap and hip-hop). to make it rain: to throw a large quantity of paper money into the air in such a way that it showers down upon a crowd, audience, or performer (esp. a stripper) as an ostentatious display of wealth. Hence: to spend money in a lavish or profligate manner.
ΚΠ
2004 ‘The Diplomats’ Push It (transcribed from song) in Diplomatic Immunity 2 Get your mayo, sell that yayo, strip clubs make it rain.
2010 D. Diamond Hustlin' Divas xx. 162 The only way some of those cheap bastards can make it rain up in here is by tossing they Laundromat quarters onto the stage.
2017 telegraph.co.uk (Nexis) 27 May The former businessman also showed that he can make it rain. His signing of a $110 billion arms deal with the Saudis was accepted as a win in the US.
P6. to rain cats and dogs: see cat and dog n. 2.
P7. to rain pitchforks: see pitchfork n.1 2.

Phrasal verbs

With adverbs in specialized senses. to rain in
intransitive. With non-referential it in it rains in: rain enters or penetrates.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > abundance > abound [verb (intransitive)] > flow or fall abundantly
overflowOE
rainc1175
streama1250
overfleeta1325
fleetc1374
gush?a1400
pour1538
troll1576
to rain in1596
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > precipitation or atmospheric moisture > rain > rain falls [verb (intransitive)] > rain penetrates
it rains in1596
1596 in J. Barmby Churchwardens' Accts. Pittington (1888) 270 Mendinge the church porch and over hed above where it did rayne in.
1665 J. Webb Vindic. Stone-Heng Restored 99 The Impluvium or open part where it rained in.
c1771 S. Foote Maid of Bath ii. 36 The house..is a little out of repair; not that it rains in..at above five or six places.
1842 W. C. Condition & Treatm. Children Employed in Mines & Collieries ii. 29 It rains in at the roof terribly; my clothes are wet through almost all day long.
1853 M. Howitt tr. F. Bremer Homes of New World II. 240 The house was not in good condition; it rained in through the roof.
1936 Stevens Point (Wisconsin) Daily Jrnl. 8 May 16/2 The ornamental plaster ceilings fell in after it had rained in through a hole in the roof.
1994 K. March tr. G. Belli Inhabited Woman xii. 171 It had rained in through the half-open windows.
2003 UK Newsquest Regional Press (Lancashire) (Nexis) 1 Mar. It rains in through the roof.
 to rain off
transitive (in passive). Of an outdoor event (esp. a sporting match): to be cancelled or abandoned because of rain. Cf. to rain out 2a at Phrasal verbs.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > memory > effacement, obliteration > cancellation, revocation > make revocation [verb (intransitive)] > become null > because of rain
to rain out1896
to rain off1916
1916 Olean (N.Y.) Evening Herald 2 Sept. 5/4 All games rained off.
1942 T. Kitching Diary 26 May in Life & Death in Changi (1998) vi. 100 The doctor says that, if the cricket is rained off today, I should rest my leg; the exercise has done it no good.
1955 Times 24 May 10/2 An open-air meeting was rained off, but pickets patrolled the dock entrances carrying sandwich boards.
1964 Observer 12 Jan. 32/1 Rain check..is the receipt or counterfoil of a ticket taken for a baseball game which entitles you to see another match if the one you wanted to see is ‘rained off’.
1977 ‘J. le Carré’ Honourable Schoolboy xxii. 525 The match was rained off... Another date would be fixed. Stand by, they said.
2003 Diva Aug. 58 Here are a few of my favourite dishes, which can also quite easily be made indoors in the oven or in a chargrill pan should the BBQ be rained off!
 to rain out
1. transitive (reflexive). to rain itself out: to stop raining (after a prolonged spell).
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > precipitation or atmospheric moisture > rain > rain falls [verb (intransitive)] > rain heavily > and stop
to rain itself out1883
1883 J. A. Symonds Ital. Byways 40 It rained itself out at night, and the morning was clear.
1924 C. Mackenzie Old Men of Sea ii. 17 The sky had rained itself out.
1935 Times 28 Nov. 17/5 There is a reasonable chance that the weather will have rained itself out by morning.
1996 A. Bond Time was, she Declares 41 It could wind down. Rain itself out again.
2. transitive (in passive).
a. Chiefly U.S. = to rain off at Phrasal verbs.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > memory > effacement, obliteration > cancellation, revocation > make revocation [verb (intransitive)] > become null > because of rain
to rain out1896
to rain off1916
1896 Galveston (Texas) Daily News 14 Oct. 8/4 Cockrell will go to Carrollton again next Wednesday night, as he was rained out last Wednesday night and did not get to speak.
1928 Chicago Tribune 18 June 27/7 (heading) Sox, Boston series final is rained out.
1937 Sun (Baltimore) 18 May 17/8 Today's [baseball] game was rained out.
1969 ‘E. Lathen’ When in Greece ix. 98 Unfortunately the planes are rained out, but the train should get her here before midnight.
1974 Union (S. Carolina) Daily Times 19 Apr. 6/1 In the American League..Minnesota clipped California 3–2 and Baltimore's game at Detroit was rained out.
2004 Gleaner (Kingston, Jamaica) 13 Oct. b2/1 St Elizabeth Technical..whose game against Newell in Santa Cruz was rained out.
b. Of a crop, etc.: to be ruined by excessive rain.
ΚΠ
1944 T. D. Clark Pills, Petticoats & Plows 88 Behind him at home was a cotton crop which had been rained out.
3.
a. intransitive. To fall from the atmosphere in or as rain.
ΚΠ
1931 U.S. Patent 1,795,161 4/1 At this point, and below this point, the surplus of humidity falls or rains out.
1979 McGraw-Hill Yearbk. Sci. & Technol. 153/1 The 3H generated was largely injected into the upper atmosphere, from which it ‘rained out’ into the oceanic-hydrologic system.
1999 New Scientist 16 Oct. 15/2 Most of the energy that powers the planet's weather systems is released into the atmosphere when water vapour condenses and rains out.
b. transitive (in passive). Of a substance: to be removed, esp. from the atmosphere, by or as by rain.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > precipitation or atmospheric moisture > rain > rain falls [verb (intransitive)] > be removed from air by rain
to rain out1939
1939 U.S. Patent 2,162,379 2/1 It is preferred to collect the liquid rained out of the foam separately from the liquid of chamber 13.
1975 Nature 13 Nov. 134/2 It makes nonsense of the assumption..that practically everything that can..be rained out as air ascends into the stratosphere, actually is rained out and thus removed.
2007 Icarus 186 392/1 Any methane that evaporates quickly condenses in updrafts and gets rained out, leading to small atmospheric methane abundance.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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