raffian.

Brit.

/ˈrafɪə/, U.S.

/ˈræfiə/

Forms:

α. 1800s– raffia, 1800s– rafia.

β. 1800s ruffia, 1800s rufia.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from French. Etymons: Latin rafia; French raffia.

Etymology: < scientific Latin †rafia, former specific epithet of a palm (1835 or earlier: see quot. 1835) and its apparent etymon French raffia, rafia (now usually raphia ) fibre-yielding palm cultivated in Madagascar (1776 as raphia , in the passage translated in quot. 1780 at Raphia n.; 1781 as raffia ; 1804 or earlier as rafia ), soft fibre from the leaves of any of the raffia palms (1782 as raphia , in the passage translated in quot. 1850) < Malagasy rafia , variant (showing lowering in antepenultimate position) of rofia , raofia fibre-yielding palm cultivated in Madagascar, soft fibre from the leaves of any of the raffia palms (see rofia n.). With the β. forms compare scientific Latin †ruffia , specific epithet of a palm (in Sagus ruffia : N. J. Jacquin Fragmenta botanica (1800–9) 7), and perhaps also French †roufia (1782), and see discussion at rofia n. Compare earlier Raphia n., rofia n.The shift from penultimate stress (as seen in rofia n. and its Malagasy etymon) to antepenultimate stress is probably at least partly due to the scientific Latin word.

1. In full raffia palm. A palm of the large-leaved tropical genus Raphia, esp. one of those whose young leaves yield the fibre known as raffia (see sense 2); spec. R. farinifera of East and Central Africa, which is cultivated in Madagascar for this purpose. Usually attributive.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > yielding fibre, thatching, or basket material > [noun] > trees or shrubs yielding fibre, etc. > palms yielding fibre or thatching materials

satchel-palm1658

rattan1681

palmetto thatch1756

thatch-tree1756

rotan1771

cabbage palm tree1773

cabbage tree1796

tucum1810

gomuti1811

hat palm1812

gebang1817

tucuma1824

nikau1827

piassava1841

cabbage palm1847

bussu1850

jupati1856

timite1858

Raphia1866

thatch1866

thatch-palm1866

toquilla1877

raffia palm1897

1835 Jrnl. Royal Geogr. Soc. 5 233 The rafia-tree (Sagus rafia) is found in great abundance.

1867 Jrnl. Royal Geogr. Soc. 37 112 The Sakalavas make most of their lambas from the leaves of the rufia palm.

1897 M. Kingsley Trav. W. Afr. 600 A slip of rafia palm drawn..across a notch in another piece of rafia wood.

1906 Westm. Gaz. 26 Sept. 8/1 Mr. William H. Hunt..announced the discovery, in the leaves of the rafia palm, of a product which..may be classed between wax and gum.

1914 F. M. Hexamer Asparagus xi. 92 Nothing is better suited to this purpose than raffia fiber. This is obtained from the raffia or rofia palm.

1958 C. Achebe Things fall Apart viii. 57 Obierika was sitting outside under the shade of an orange tree making thatches from leaves of the raffia-palm.

1986 T. O. Echewa Crippled Dancer i. i. 13 The sun was beginning to lift over the tops of the raffia palm trees.

2. The soft fibre from the leaves of any of the raffia palms, used extensively as garden twine, in handicrafts such as basket-making, and to make coarse cloth (rabanna) or matting.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > equipment and buildings > [noun] > fibre or cloth to tie plants

tack1545

Russia mat1737

shreds1796

mat1824

raffia1850

fillis1900

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > plants, grasses, or reeds > [noun] > vegetable fibre > other plant fibre

palmite1555

coir1582

pita1648

kitul1681

silk-cotton1697

pita-thread1748

abaca1751

khus khus1798

gomuti1811

coco fibre1813

Manila hemp1814

pineapple fibre1834

moog1840

piassava1841

Para grass1850

raffia1850

African hair1851

ambari1851

diss1855

munj1855

monkey grass1858

crin vegetal1859

mung1866

lauhala1880

bass?1881

raphia bast1882

istle1883

raphia grass1885

settler's twine1898

tucum1901

Manila fibre1921

bassine1923

sotol1942

1850 T. Ewbank Descr. & Hist. Acct. Hydraul. & Other Machines for raising Water 246 The bellows of Madagascar, says Sonnerat, ‘is composed of the hollow trunks of two trees tied together. In the bottom there are two iron funnels, and in the inside of each trunk a sucker furnished with raffia [1789 Raphia; Fr. raphia], which supplies the place of tow’.

1882 J. Smith Dict. Econ. Plants 231 The cuticle of the leaves of this palm has of late years been imported into this country in considerable quantities for tying plants,..under the name of Raffia or Ruffia.

1897 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 3rd Ser. 8 615 Raffia..is now largely imported for tying purposes.

1912 Educ. Handwork Nov. 201/1 The materials most suitable for weaving are, wool, bast or raffia, and cane.

1951 ‘R. Brinley’ Raffia Work i. 11 One of the chief advantages of working with raffia is the very low cost of the material.

2001 K. Glowczewska tr. R. Kapuściński Shadow of Sun 115 Because the floor of the hut often consists of swampy ground, or sharp rocks, they line it with elephant grass, banana leaves, raffia, or rice straw.

Compounds

C1. (In sense 2.)

raffia bag n.

ΚΠ

1920 N.Y. Times (Electronic ed.) 3 Oct. 140 Lost—Straw raffia bag containing..watch,..address book, keys.

1932 S. Gibbons Cold Comfort Farm viii. 121 There were cakes in its windows all mixed up with depressing little boxes made of white wood and raffia bags and linen bags embroidered with hollyhocks.

2005 Evening Standard (Nexis) 5 May 21 Masai bangles and raffia bags from Kenya are priced from as little as £11.99 and are Fair Trade, too.

raffia basket n.

ΚΠ

1900 Ipswich Jrnl. 17 Nov. 1/2 (advt) Smiths', Suitall, Ipswich,..Special Offer. Raffia baskets.

1914 S. G. Fitzgerald Priscilla Juniors' Basketry Bk. 19 (heading) Handle for raffia basket.

1995 B. Bryson Notes from Small Island (1996) xiii. 165 The High Street was busy with shunting Volvos and tweedy shoppers with raffia baskets slung over their arms.

raffia cloth n.

ΚΠ

1909 N.Y. Times 18 Dec. 15 Raffla [read Raffia] cloth.

1920 Kansas City (Missouri) Star 23 Jan. 9/7 (advt.) Very popular and new are the raffia cloth turbans draped in Hindu style.

1997 J. Williams Money viii. 209/1 For large-scale payments [among the Kuba], camwood could be used as a substitute for raffia cloth.

raffia embroidered adj.

ΚΠ

1904 Daily Chron. 3 May 8/3 A pretty and attractive novelty..is the raffia embroidered cushion.

2006 Houston Chron. (Nexis) 14 Sept. (Star section) 1 Demure raffia embroidered suits for the ladies who lunch.

raffia fibre n.

ΚΠ

1875 Proc. Royal Geogr. Soc. 20 114 The following articles can be obtained there..: India-rubber, sugar, tobacco, coffee, ginger, rafia-fibre, [etc.].

1925 E. A. Powell Map that is Half Unrolled xii. 241 They [sc. cowries]..are generally carried strung on a length of raffia-fibre, several hundred to a string.

1994 Amer. Ethnologist 21 458 Raffia fibres are connected and put in line by the act of weaving.

raffia grass n.

ΚΠ

1895 Geogr. Jrnl. 6 237 This forms the rafia grass so much used by gardeners.

1938 Times 19 July 30/2 Cameroons... Produces tobacco, cocoa, coffee, woods, castor-oil plants, rubber, ground-nuts, cotton, raffia grass, gum.

2002 Independent (Nexis) 23 Feb. 11 The men wear penis gourds, and bird-of-paradise feathers in their hair, while the women wear raffia-grass skirts.

raffia lace n.

ΚΠ

1906 Queen 5 May 757/1 Raffia lace hats are the choicest things in headgear that ingenuity has ever devised out of vegetable fibre.

1998 Independent (Nexis) 13 Dec. 9 Corded, ribbon and raffia lace are popular for bridal wear.

raffia mat n.

ΚΠ

1902 M. P. Todd Hand-Loom Weaving xi. 100 (photo caption) Method of weaving a raffia mat on the loom, showing colored stripes.

1953 E. Simon Past Masters iv. 263 Raffia mats, cutlery and glasses defined the full number of places.

2003 Hull Daily Mail (Nexis) 16 Aug. 10 If you are off to the beach, buy a cheap raffia mat instead of forking out for a sunbed every day.

raffia tape n.

ΚΠ

1907 Daily Chron. 5 Jan. 9/1 Sometimes the flowers require staking, and this should be done..with stiff, straight wires or sticks, to which the stems should be fastened with West's Raffia Tape.

1942 Winnipeg Free Press 6 June 19/7 Green raffia tape is excellent for tying the stalks to the stakes.

raffia work n.

ΚΠ

1900 Teachers Coll. Rec. Nov. 77 The simple raffia work of the first grade gradually passes in later grades into basketry.

1999 Building Design 13 Aug. 8/5 Talentless no-hopers who should be forced to do raffia work and make clay pots in a specially-constructed detention centre.

raffia work bag n.

ΚΠ

1905 Cambr. (Mass.) Jeffersonian 26 Oct. 6/4 Elizabeth Moore, Raffia work bag.

2003 Grocery/supermarket bag crochet in rec.crafts.textiles.yarn (Usenet newsgroup) 16 Apr. The finished effect of the plastic crochet is similar to the raffia work bags I seem to vaguely remember my mother having back in the late 1950s.

C2.

raffia needle n. a blunt, large-eyed needle used in raffia work.

ΚΠ

1914 H. C. Walker Rafia Work 7 The reasons for urging the claims of rafia work are many... It requires no tools beyond rafia needles, wool needles..and knitting needles.

1979 Dryad Catal. 89/3 Raffia needles..For coiled raffia basketry.

2001 D. Wright Compl. Bk. Basketry 130 Thread the rough end of a piece of damp raffia in a chenille or raffia needle.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	raffia
释义	raffian. Brit. /ˈrafɪə/, U.S. /ˈræfiə/ Forms: α. 1800s– raffia, 1800s– rafia. β. 1800s ruffia, 1800s rufia. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from French. Etymons: Latin rafia; French raffia. Etymology: < scientific Latin †rafia, former specific epithet of a palm (1835 or earlier: see quot. 1835) and its apparent etymon French raffia, rafia (now usually raphia ) fibre-yielding palm cultivated in Madagascar (1776 as raphia , in the passage translated in quot. 1780 at Raphia n.; 1781 as raffia ; 1804 or earlier as rafia ), soft fibre from the leaves of any of the raffia palms (1782 as raphia , in the passage translated in quot. 1850) < Malagasy rafia , variant (showing lowering in antepenultimate position) of rofia , raofia fibre-yielding palm cultivated in Madagascar, soft fibre from the leaves of any of the raffia palms (see rofia n.). With the β. forms compare scientific Latin †ruffia , specific epithet of a palm (in Sagus ruffia : N. J. Jacquin Fragmenta botanica (1800–9) 7), and perhaps also French †roufia (1782), and see discussion at rofia n. Compare earlier Raphia n., rofia n.The shift from penultimate stress (as seen in rofia n. and its Malagasy etymon) to antepenultimate stress is probably at least partly due to the scientific Latin word. 1. In full raffia palm. A palm of the large-leaved tropical genus Raphia, esp. one of those whose young leaves yield the fibre known as raffia (see sense 2); spec. R. farinifera of East and Central Africa, which is cultivated in Madagascar for this purpose. Usually attributive. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > yielding fibre, thatching, or basket material > [noun] > trees or shrubs yielding fibre, etc. > palms yielding fibre or thatching materials satchel-palm1658 rattan1681 palmetto thatch1756 thatch-tree1756 rotan1771 cabbage palm tree1773 cabbage tree1796 tucum1810 gomuti1811 hat palm1812 gebang1817 tucuma1824 nikau1827 piassava1841 cabbage palm1847 bussu1850 jupati1856 timite1858 Raphia1866 thatch1866 thatch-palm1866 toquilla1877 raffia palm1897 1835 Jrnl. Royal Geogr. Soc. 5 233 The rafia-tree (Sagus rafia) is found in great abundance. 1867 Jrnl. Royal Geogr. Soc. 37 112 The Sakalavas make most of their lambas from the leaves of the rufia palm. 1897 M. Kingsley Trav. W. Afr. 600 A slip of rafia palm drawn..across a notch in another piece of rafia wood. 1906 Westm. Gaz. 26 Sept. 8/1 Mr. William H. Hunt..announced the discovery, in the leaves of the rafia palm, of a product which..may be classed between wax and gum. 1914 F. M. Hexamer Asparagus xi. 92 Nothing is better suited to this purpose than raffia fiber. This is obtained from the raffia or rofia palm. 1958 C. Achebe Things fall Apart viii. 57 Obierika was sitting outside under the shade of an orange tree making thatches from leaves of the raffia-palm. 1986 T. O. Echewa Crippled Dancer i. i. 13 The sun was beginning to lift over the tops of the raffia palm trees. 2. The soft fibre from the leaves of any of the raffia palms, used extensively as garden twine, in handicrafts such as basket-making, and to make coarse cloth (rabanna) or matting. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > equipment and buildings > [noun] > fibre or cloth to tie plants tack1545 Russia mat1737 shreds1796 mat1824 raffia1850 fillis1900 society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > plants, grasses, or reeds > [noun] > vegetable fibre > other plant fibre palmite1555 coir1582 pita1648 kitul1681 silk-cotton1697 pita-thread1748 abaca1751 khus khus1798 gomuti1811 coco fibre1813 Manila hemp1814 pineapple fibre1834 moog1840 piassava1841 Para grass1850 raffia1850 African hair1851 ambari1851 diss1855 munj1855 monkey grass1858 crin vegetal1859 mung1866 lauhala1880 bass?1881 raphia bast1882 istle1883 raphia grass1885 settler's twine1898 tucum1901 Manila fibre1921 bassine1923 sotol1942 1850 T. Ewbank Descr. & Hist. Acct. Hydraul. & Other Machines for raising Water 246 The bellows of Madagascar, says Sonnerat, ‘is composed of the hollow trunks of two trees tied together. In the bottom there are two iron funnels, and in the inside of each trunk a sucker furnished with raffia [1789 Raphia; Fr. raphia], which supplies the place of tow’. 1882 J. Smith Dict. Econ. Plants 231 The cuticle of the leaves of this palm has of late years been imported into this country in considerable quantities for tying plants,..under the name of Raffia or Ruffia. 1897 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 3rd Ser. 8 615 Raffia..is now largely imported for tying purposes. 1912 Educ. Handwork Nov. 201/1 The materials most suitable for weaving are, wool, bast or raffia, and cane. 1951 ‘R. Brinley’ Raffia Work i. 11 One of the chief advantages of working with raffia is the very low cost of the material. 2001 K. Glowczewska tr. R. Kapuściński Shadow of Sun 115 Because the floor of the hut often consists of swampy ground, or sharp rocks, they line it with elephant grass, banana leaves, raffia, or rice straw. Compounds C1. (In sense 2.) raffia bag n. ΚΠ 1920 N.Y. Times (Electronic ed.) 3 Oct. 140 Lost—Straw raffia bag containing..watch,..address book, keys. 1932 S. Gibbons Cold Comfort Farm viii. 121 There were cakes in its windows all mixed up with depressing little boxes made of white wood and raffia bags and linen bags embroidered with hollyhocks. 2005 Evening Standard (Nexis) 5 May 21 Masai bangles and raffia bags from Kenya are priced from as little as £11.99 and are Fair Trade, too. raffia basket n. ΚΠ 1900 Ipswich Jrnl. 17 Nov. 1/2 (advt) Smiths', Suitall, Ipswich,..Special Offer. Raffia baskets. 1914 S. G. Fitzgerald Priscilla Juniors' Basketry Bk. 19 (heading) Handle for raffia basket. 1995 B. Bryson Notes from Small Island (1996) xiii. 165 The High Street was busy with shunting Volvos and tweedy shoppers with raffia baskets slung over their arms. raffia cloth n. ΚΠ 1909 N.Y. Times 18 Dec. 15 Raffla [read Raffia] cloth. 1920 Kansas City (Missouri) Star 23 Jan. 9/7 (advt.) Very popular and new are the raffia cloth turbans draped in Hindu style. 1997 J. Williams Money viii. 209/1 For large-scale payments [among the Kuba], camwood could be used as a substitute for raffia cloth. raffia embroidered adj. ΚΠ 1904 Daily Chron. 3 May 8/3 A pretty and attractive novelty..is the raffia embroidered cushion. 2006 Houston Chron. (Nexis) 14 Sept. (Star section) 1 Demure raffia embroidered suits for the ladies who lunch. raffia fibre n. ΚΠ 1875 Proc. Royal Geogr. Soc. 20 114 The following articles can be obtained there..: India-rubber, sugar, tobacco, coffee, ginger, rafia-fibre, [etc.]. 1925 E. A. Powell Map that is Half Unrolled xii. 241 They [sc. cowries]..are generally carried strung on a length of raffia-fibre, several hundred to a string. 1994 Amer. Ethnologist 21 458 Raffia fibres are connected and put in line by the act of weaving. raffia grass n. ΚΠ 1895 Geogr. Jrnl. 6 237 This forms the rafia grass so much used by gardeners. 1938 Times 19 July 30/2 Cameroons... Produces tobacco, cocoa, coffee, woods, castor-oil plants, rubber, ground-nuts, cotton, raffia grass, gum. 2002 Independent (Nexis) 23 Feb. 11 The men wear penis gourds, and bird-of-paradise feathers in their hair, while the women wear raffia-grass skirts. raffia lace n. ΚΠ 1906 Queen 5 May 757/1 Raffia lace hats are the choicest things in headgear that ingenuity has ever devised out of vegetable fibre. 1998 Independent (Nexis) 13 Dec. 9 Corded, ribbon and raffia lace are popular for bridal wear. raffia mat n. ΚΠ 1902 M. P. Todd Hand-Loom Weaving xi. 100 (photo caption) Method of weaving a raffia mat on the loom, showing colored stripes. 1953 E. Simon Past Masters iv. 263 Raffia mats, cutlery and glasses defined the full number of places. 2003 Hull Daily Mail (Nexis) 16 Aug. 10 If you are off to the beach, buy a cheap raffia mat instead of forking out for a sunbed every day. raffia tape n. ΚΠ 1907 Daily Chron. 5 Jan. 9/1 Sometimes the flowers require staking, and this should be done..with stiff, straight wires or sticks, to which the stems should be fastened with West's Raffia Tape. 1942 Winnipeg Free Press 6 June 19/7 Green raffia tape is excellent for tying the stalks to the stakes. raffia work n. ΚΠ 1900 Teachers Coll. Rec. Nov. 77 The simple raffia work of the first grade gradually passes in later grades into basketry. 1999 Building Design 13 Aug. 8/5 Talentless no-hopers who should be forced to do raffia work and make clay pots in a specially-constructed detention centre. raffia work bag n. ΚΠ 1905 Cambr. (Mass.) Jeffersonian 26 Oct. 6/4 Elizabeth Moore, Raffia work bag. 2003 Grocery/supermarket bag crochet in rec.crafts.textiles.yarn (Usenet newsgroup) 16 Apr. The finished effect of the plastic crochet is similar to the raffia work bags I seem to vaguely remember my mother having back in the late 1950s. C2. raffia needle n. a blunt, large-eyed needle used in raffia work. ΚΠ 1914 H. C. Walker Rafia Work 7 The reasons for urging the claims of rafia work are many... It requires no tools beyond rafia needles, wool needles..and knitting needles. 1979 Dryad Catal. 89/3 Raffia needles..For coiled raffia basketry. 2001 D. Wright Compl. Bk. Basketry 130 Thread the rough end of a piece of damp raffia in a chenille or raffia needle. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1835
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