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单词 raffish
释义

raffishadj.

Brit. /ˈrafɪʃ/, U.S. /ˈræfɪʃ/
Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: raff n.3, -ish suffix1.
Etymology: < raff n.3 + -ish suffix1.
1. Disreputable in character, behaviour, or appearance; vulgar, unrefined; sleazy.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > ignobleness or baseness > [adjective]
theowlikec1175
low?c1225
undignec1315
unfreec1330
base?1518
roynish1570
baseborn1573
base-minded1573
haskardly1576
ignoble1592
unnoble1593
slavish1597
disnoble1609
infimous1613
unhandsome1645
unheroical1656
mean1665
unworthy1694
unheroic1732
raff1761
undignified1782
raffish1795
truculent1825
unpromotable1836
menial1837
low-flung1841
society > society and the community > social class > the common people > low rank or condition > the lowest class > [adjective]
draffsacked1548
sordid1596
dunghilly1616
proletarious1654
proletaneous1656
proletical1659
raff1761
raffish1795
proletarian1848
riff-raffy1850
proletary1854
low-down1865
underworld1929
lumpenproletarian1936
prole1938
nitty-gritty1948
1795 E. Davies Elisa Powell I. xii. 297 They returned to the parlour, laughing, and saying one to the other, ‘Did you ever see any thing so raffish! He will certainly become a mere student.’
1818 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 3 527 A raffish sort of a fellow calling himself Menippus.
1879 M. E. Braddon Cloven Foot xv. 130 An older man, of somewhat raffish aspect.
1933 S. Walker Night Club Era 35 The raffish battalions of gyps, ex-holdup men, clip joint experts, towel-swingers and cheap thugs who handled illegal liquor from 1920 on.
1941 Ann. Amer. Acad. Polit. & Social Sci. 215 231/2 The Commodore's picturesqueness, which sprang from a raffish zest for accumulation for its own sake.
1974 R. A. Caro Power Broker vi. xxxii. 701 How long would Mr. Moses last under an administration that was dominated by the more raffish and corrupt elements of Tammany Hall?
1991 Gay Times Mar. 56/2 He..had raffish sexual skeletons in the closet which he didn't want rattled.
2. Showing an attractive lack of regard for conventional behaviour, appearance, or style; rakish; mischievous; offbeat.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > attractiveness > [adjective] > raffish
rakish1706
rakish-looking1779
raffish1906
1906 Bookman Oct. 179/2 One's attention is riveted upon Jessie Incell, a woman reporter, for she inevitably invites comparison with Nancy Olden, the somewhat raffish heroine of In the Bishop's Carriage.
1937 Harper's Mag. June 101/1 The raffish, free-for-all girl finds a devoted husband.
1958 Spectator 27 June 831/2 [He] displayed a certain raffish elegance in his long, dark jacket and dog-tooth trousers.
1989 Observer 3 Sept. (Colour Suppl.) 24/1 Sag Harbor has a more raffish, agreeable, even faintly Bohemian air.
1997 Daily Tel. 27 June 21/1 In a James Bondish sort of way,..[he] combines a raffish charm and an aristocratic sang-froid.
2000 High Country News 9 Oct. 9/2 ‘I crossed the first time when I was 12,’ he says, flashing the sort of raffish grin that women love.

Compounds

raffish-looking adj.
ΚΠ
1822 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Apr. 479/2 Observe what a raffish-looking crew the modern Whigs are.
1925 Times 4 Nov. 12/2 A deplorably raffish-looking person, who proceeded to improvise his ‘criticisms’ over a very large whisky-and-soda.
1998 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 22 Oct. 24/4 Man Rayish double exposures presumably portraying the subconscious of his raffish-looking subject Berenice Abbott.

Derivatives

ˈraffishly adv.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > ignobleness or baseness > [adverb]
undignelyc1315
poorlyc1390
vilea1400
ignobly1594
unnobly1595
meanly1602
meana1626
unhandsomely1650
projectedly1660
unheroically1783
undignifiedly1856
raffishly1897
society > society and the community > social class > the common people > low rank or condition > the lowest class > [adverb]
rascally1596
raffishly1897
1897 S. R. Crockett Lads' Love xi. 116 Her water-can, raffishly a-dangle at her side.
1931 T. Craven Men of Art viii. 194 She is like a rich and charming woman reduced to beggary and striving raffishly to regain her charms and her revenues.
1993 Sci. Amer. Aug. 78/1 His face, once youthful and raffishly handsome, set off by dark, pomaded hair and deep-set eyes, had been disfigured.
ˈraffishness n.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social class > the common people > low rank or condition > the lowest class > [noun] > quality or condition of
rascaldry1600
raffishness1848
1848 Times 21 June 6/2 She is not destitute of cunning, but an excess of girlish spirits distinguishes her from the rest of the dramatis personæ, who, with more consummate worldly wisdom, move easily through an atmosphere of ‘raffishness’.
1936 R. C. K. Ensor England, 1870–1914 x. 304 Those again concerned with the fashionable surface of life and letters in London are struck by the revulsion from puritanism to raffishness, and speak of the ‘naughty nineties.’
1999 J. Arnott Long Firm ii. 59 I invited him to White's... It retains a touch of aristocratic raffishness that has all but vanished from the rest of clubland.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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adj.1795
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