raadn.¹

Brit.

/rɑːd/,

/rɑːt/, U.S.

/rɑd/,

/rɑt/, South African English

/rɑːd/,

/rɑːt/

Forms: also with capital initial.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Dutch. Partly formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymons: Dutch raad ; Volksraad n.

Etymology: Partly < Dutch raad council (see rede n.¹; also short for Dutch heemraad Heemrad n., volksraad Volksraad n., etc.), and partly (especially in sense ‘legislative assembly of any one of the Boer republics’) short for Volksraad n.In quot. 1770 apparently after Dutch Raad van Indië, lit. ‘Council of India’ (1609; referring to the Council of the Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies). Compare the earlier isolated borrowing of Middle Dutch raethuus, (southern) raidthuys town hall, lit. ‘council house’ (Dutch raadhuis) into late Middle English as raadhous (probably late fifteenth cent.), apparently with reference to a building in the Netherlands (see N. F. Blake in Notes & Queries (1969) July 253/1).

Chiefly South African.

Originally (during the 18th cent.): a council or assembly, esp. in a Dutch-speaking region of South Africa; spec. (usually with capital initial) the legislative assembly of any one of the former Boer republics (now historical). Subsequently (spec. among Afrikaans speakers): any council or board.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > governing or legislative body of a nation or community > other national governing or legislative bodies > [noun] > in South Africa or South African states

raad1770

Volksraad1840

1770 J. Banks Jrnl. (1962) II. 218 The Duch are political enough to keep all or near all the Great posts, as Raads of India, Governors, &c. in their own hands.

1850 R. Gray Jrnl. 8 May (1851) 25 These men have formed themselves into a Republic, and have their ‘Raad’ (Council).

1856 C. J. Andersson Lake Ngami v. 57 He laid his complaint before the chief of the tribe; and a ‘raad’, or counsel, was held.

1908 J. M. Orpen Reminisc. (1964) 240 When he left the Raad he was dressed in the dopper fashion with a jacket reaching to the top of his hips and a broad-rimmed, hard felt hat.

1930 Times Lit. Suppl. 7 Aug. 635/2 The tribal council has become a ‘raad’ consisting of the chief, ex-officio, and of members elected at the mass meeting.

1940 F. B. Young City of Gold 261 So the Raad sat..voting Burgers down.

1973 M. L. Mitchell in Hansard (S. Afr. House of Assembly) 8 Feb. 297 The Minister of Labour..says that in no circumstances will he sit in the same ‘raad’ as a non-White.

1987 B. Lau Namibia in Jonker Afrikaner's Time 46 The position of the chief and his ‘raad’, the leaders of the commando, was primarily based on their military skills.

1999 R. Ross Status & Respectability in Cape Colony v. 110 His father did not bring a civil action against the Raad, so he claimed out of respect for that body.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

raadn.²

Brit.

/rɑːd/,

/rəˈɑːd/, U.S.

/rɑd/,

/rəˈɑd/

Origin: A borrowing from Arabic. Etymons: Arabic raʿʿād; Arabic raʿd.

Etymology: Either < Arabic raʿʿād, literally ‘thunderer’ or < Arabic raʿd (in samakat al-raʿd, literally ‘thunder-fish’).

Now rare.

An electric catfish; esp. Malapterurus electricus, found in the Nile and in other rivers and swamps of central and western tropical Africa.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > order Siluriformes (catfish) > [noun] > genus Malapterurus > member of (electric cat-fish)

raad1837

thunder-fish1882

1837 J. G. Wilkinson Manners & Customs Anc. Egyptians II. p. xxiii The raad, or electric fish—Malapterus [sic] electricus.

1854 J. G. Wilkinson Pop. Acct. Anc. Egyptians II. viii. 192 It might reasonably be expected that the Raad, or Electric fish of the Nile, would be one of the most sacred and forbidden for food.

1858 Canad. Jrnl. Industry, Sci., & Art 3 64 He adds regarding the raad:—‘It is a small fish, and the one I saw measured little more than a foot long.., but it had the power of giving a very strong shock.’

1957 E. Le Danois Fishes of World iv. 130 The electric cat-fish.., the raad or thunder-fish, lives in African rivers.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	raad
释义	raadn.¹ Brit. /rɑːd/, /rɑːt/, U.S. /rɑd/, /rɑt/, South African English /rɑːd/, /rɑːt/ Forms: also with capital initial. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Dutch. Partly formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymons: Dutch raad ; Volksraad n. Etymology: Partly < Dutch raad council (see rede n.¹; also short for Dutch heemraad Heemrad n., volksraad Volksraad n., etc.), and partly (especially in sense ‘legislative assembly of any one of the Boer republics’) short for Volksraad n.In quot. 1770 apparently after Dutch Raad van Indië, lit. ‘Council of India’ (1609; referring to the Council of the Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies). Compare the earlier isolated borrowing of Middle Dutch raethuus, (southern) raidthuys town hall, lit. ‘council house’ (Dutch raadhuis) into late Middle English as raadhous (probably late fifteenth cent.), apparently with reference to a building in the Netherlands (see N. F. Blake in Notes & Queries (1969) July 253/1). Chiefly South African. Originally (during the 18th cent.): a council or assembly, esp. in a Dutch-speaking region of South Africa; spec. (usually with capital initial) the legislative assembly of any one of the former Boer republics (now historical). Subsequently (spec. among Afrikaans speakers): any council or board. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > governing or legislative body of a nation or community > other national governing or legislative bodies > [noun] > in South Africa or South African states raad1770 Volksraad1840 1770 J. Banks Jrnl. (1962) II. 218 The Duch are political enough to keep all or near all the Great posts, as Raads of India, Governors, &c. in their own hands. 1850 R. Gray Jrnl. 8 May (1851) 25 These men have formed themselves into a Republic, and have their ‘Raad’ (Council). 1856 C. J. Andersson Lake Ngami v. 57 He laid his complaint before the chief of the tribe; and a ‘raad’, or counsel, was held. 1908 J. M. Orpen Reminisc. (1964) 240 When he left the Raad he was dressed in the dopper fashion with a jacket reaching to the top of his hips and a broad-rimmed, hard felt hat. 1930 Times Lit. Suppl. 7 Aug. 635/2 The tribal council has become a ‘raad’ consisting of the chief, ex-officio, and of members elected at the mass meeting. 1940 F. B. Young City of Gold 261 So the Raad sat..voting Burgers down. 1973 M. L. Mitchell in Hansard (S. Afr. House of Assembly) 8 Feb. 297 The Minister of Labour..says that in no circumstances will he sit in the same ‘raad’ as a non-White. 1987 B. Lau Namibia in Jonker Afrikaner's Time 46 The position of the chief and his ‘raad’, the leaders of the commando, was primarily based on their military skills. 1999 R. Ross Status & Respectability in Cape Colony v. 110 His father did not bring a civil action against the Raad, so he claimed out of respect for that body. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online June 2022). raadn.² Brit. /rɑːd/, /rəˈɑːd/, U.S. /rɑd/, /rəˈɑd/ Origin: A borrowing from Arabic. Etymons: Arabic raʿʿād; Arabic raʿd. Etymology: Either < Arabic raʿʿād, literally ‘thunderer’ or < Arabic raʿd (in samakat al-raʿd, literally ‘thunder-fish’). Now rare. An electric catfish; esp. Malapterurus electricus, found in the Nile and in other rivers and swamps of central and western tropical Africa. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > order Siluriformes (catfish) > [noun] > genus Malapterurus > member of (electric cat-fish) raad1837 thunder-fish1882 1837 J. G. Wilkinson Manners & Customs Anc. Egyptians II. p. xxiii The raad, or electric fish—Malapterus [sic] electricus. 1854 J. G. Wilkinson Pop. Acct. Anc. Egyptians II. viii. 192 It might reasonably be expected that the Raad, or Electric fish of the Nile, would be one of the most sacred and forbidden for food. 1858 Canad. Jrnl. Industry, Sci., & Art 3 64 He adds regarding the raad:—‘It is a small fish, and the one I saw measured little more than a foot long.., but it had the power of giving a very strong shock.’ 1957 E. Le Danois Fishes of World iv. 130 The electric cat-fish.., the raad or thunder-fish, lives in African rivers. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹1770n.²1837
随便看	two-yearing two-yearling twoaddress twoandahalf striper twoandahalfinch twoandfiftieth twoandthirty twoandthirty, a pip out twoandtwentieth twoandtwo twoanna ulotrichan ulotrichous ulotrichy ulous ulpan ulpanim ulpans ulpic ulster ulster fry ulster scot ulster scots ulster tenant-right ulster tenantright

raadn.1

raadn.2

raadn.¹

raadn.²