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ravenn.1adj. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with Middle Dutch rāven , also rāve (Dutch raaf ), Old Saxon hraƀan (Middle Low German rāven , also rāve ), Old High German hraban , raban , also hram , ram , rappo , rabo (Middle High German raben , also rabe , rab , rappe , rapp , German Rabe ), Old Icelandic hrafn , also hramn , Old Swedish rafn , also ramn , ram , ramm (Swedish regional ramn ), Old Danish rafn (Danish ravn ), (compare also early Scandinavian (runic) Harabana r , as personal name), perhaps ultimately (with reference to the harsh sound of the bird's call) < the same Indo-European base as classical Latin crepāre (see crepitate v.); variants of the same base are perhaps shown by classical Latin corvus , ancient Greek κόραξ (see coraco- comb. form).The β. forms show i-mutation (probably reflecting earlier inflection according to the paradigm of the i- stems). The γ. forms show assimilation of fn to mn or mm, a development which is paralleled in the forms recorded above from several of the other Germanic languages. The early Old English form rafan (attested only in the compound nactrafan in a gloss collection preserved in a 10th-cent. continental manuscript) probably shows Old High German influence. Raven (and variants) occurs in Domesday Bk. (1086) as a personal name several times from Cheshire, Derbyshire, Yorkshire, Suffolk, Bedfordshire, and Buckinghamshire, in most cases probably as a reflex of the common Scandinavian personal name (compare Old Icelandic Hrafn); it is also attested as a byname or surname in England from the 12th cent., as Godrici Raven (1133–60), Willelmi Raven (1222), Johannes Raven (1256), etc. The word is a common element in place names from the Danelaw (likewise probably reflecting the Scandinavian personal name or its etymon the cognate of Old English hræfn), as Rauenesfeld (1086; now Ravensfield, West Riding, Yorkshire), Ravenedal (1086; now Ravendale, Lincolnshire), Raveschel (1086; now Ranskill, Nottinghamshire), etc.; an example from an area outside the Danelaw, which may reflect the Old English word (in a γ form) is Ramesberie (1086), Rammesburi (in a 14th-cent. copy of a charter of 947), now Ramsbury, Wiltshire (in pre-Conquest Latin documents the church of Ramsbury is occasionally referred to as æcclesia Coruinensis). A. n.1 1. the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > larger song birds > family Corvidae (crow) > [noun] > genus Corvus > corvus corax (raven) α. eOE (1974) 16 Corax, hraebn. OE (Northumbrian) xii. 24 Considerate corbos quia non seminant neque metunt : behaldað ða ręfnas þætte ne sawęð ne hriopað. OE (Julius) 10 Jan. 14 Ða..fedde hine [sc. St Paul the Hermit] an hræfn sextig geara. ?c1200 in (1908) 121 411/2 Coruus, Raven, i. corf. c1300 St. Michael (Laud) 453 in C. Horstmann (1887) 312 (MED) Blak as a rauon it is. a1325 (c1250) (1968) l. 603 Fowerti dais after ðis, Arches windoge undon it is. Ðe rauen ut fleg. c1400 (?c1380) (1920) 455 Þe raven so ronk, þat rebel watz ever. ?a1425 (Egerton) (1889) 153 Vowltures, egles, rauyns, and oþer fewlez of rauyne. c1475 tr. C. de Pisan (Cambr.) (1977) 127 (MED) The god Mars..sent him a ravon [Fr. corbeau] that with his becke and his talons smote his enmye. a1525 (c1448) R. Holland Bk. Howlat l. 215 in W. A. Craigie (1925) II. 101 The Ravyne, rolpand rudly in a roche ran. 1526 W. Bonde ii. sig. Riv The rauyn wyll nat gyue her blacke pennes for the pecockes paynted fethers. a1593 C. Marlowe (1633) i. ii. sig. D2 Like the sad presaging Rauen that tolls The sicke mans passeport in her hollow beake. 1656 S. Holland iii. v. 186 Thou art alwayes (like the Raven) croaking my infortunity and disgrace. 1688 R. Holme iii. 144/2 Pens made of Ravens Quills..are to finish and shadow your draught. 1709 J. Lawson 139 Ravens, the same as in England, though very few. 1766 T. Pennant ii. 75 Ravens build in trees, and lay five or six eggs. 1766 T. Pennant ii. 75 The raven will pick out the eyes of young lambs when just dropped. 1821 W. Scott I. v. 117 If the men of Thule have ceased..to spread the banquet for the raven [etc.]. 1859 Ld. Tennyson Guinevere in 232 Till in the cold wind that foreruns the morn,..the Raven, flying high, Croak'd. 1917 II. 228/1 One may see Ravens any summer about the garbage piles back of some of the hotels in the Yellowstone and Glacier national parks. 1945 C. Barrett 221 Though omnivorous, the raven..does much good by including insects in its dietary. 1964 G. B. Schaller vii. 144 The most regular visitors to our meadow were a pair of white-necked ravens, lovely birds with iridescent black plumage and a striking white collar around the neck. 2003 R. Taylor 197 Although in art and literature ravens tend to be birds of ill-omen, in the Bible they enjoy a happier reputation. eOE (1890) 82/2 Noctua, naeht hraefn. 1567 J. Maplet f. 94 The Nightrauen or Crowe is of the same maner of life that the Owle is. 1678 J. Ray tr. F. Willughby ii. viii. 127 The horned Indian Raven or Tapau, called the Rhinoceros Bird. 1774 O. Goldsmith (1776) VI. 102 When the great sea-raven, as Jacobson informs us, comes to take away their young, the puffins boldly oppose him. 1811 P. B. Shelley i. 17 Along the wild mountains night-ravens were yelling. 1926 V. Lindsay 113 These are kissing by candlelight, Through the terrible storm And hearing a night bird's song, The night-raven's song. 2. society > armed hostility > military organization > insignia > [noun] > flag, banner, or standard > Danish banner society > communication > indication > insignia > [noun] > specific emblems, badges, or cognizances > national OE (Tiber. B.i) anno 879 Ðær wæs se guðfana genumen þe hie hræfn [lOE Laud ræfen] heton. 1580 J. Stow 123 (note) The Ensigne of the Danes was a Rauen. 1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden i. 207 The Danes bare in their Ensigne a Raven wrought..in needle-worke. 1691 J. Dunton II. vii. 70 The Banner of the Danes, or rather their Standard Royal, had a Raven curiously wrought in't. a1711 T. Ken Edmund xi, in (1721) II. 313 The mighty Hildebrand the Raven rears, A magick Flag. 1740 J. Thomson & D. Mallet ii. iii Behold the warrior bright with Danish spoils!—The raven droops his wings. 1791 J. West ii. v For thy hellish deeds, With ample carnage, glut the Danish raven. 1858 T. P. Thompson 238 The Danes were ‘sea-kings’, and their ‘raven’ shook his wings on all shores. 1896 A. Austin iii. v. 80 To every Bishop in the land, when once The Danish Raven flickers, must I send A copy of Pope Gregory's Pastoral. 1989 F. S. Colwell i. 27 Predators from England's past, the Viking raven in its blasted yew and the Roman eagle assailing timorous flocks by night. society > communication > indication > insignia > heraldic devices collective > heraldic representations of creatures > [noun] > heraldic birds a1450–1509 (?a1300) (A-version) (1913) 275 (MED) Upon his creste a rauen stode, That yaned as he were wode, And aboute his necke a bell. c1460 Bk. Arms in (1903) Oct. 191 (caption) Sir Richard Gethen port argent une cheweron de aseure iij corbews de sabyll..revenys. 1610 J. Guillim iii. xvii. 162 Hee beareth Or, a Rauen Proper, by the name of Corbet. 1686 R. Blome i. 235/2 Argent, a Raven proper. 1722 A. Nisbet I. iv. 343 Crest, a Raven rising, Sable. 1838 J. Burke IV. 26/2 Crest—On a garb or, a raven ppr. [= proper]. 1861 C. Innes i. 113 Several of the Corbets bore a raven or corbeau. 1972 C. Pama 307 Upon a mount issuant from the base vert a raven proper. the world > the universe > constellation > Southern constellations > [noun] > Corvus c1450 (c1380) G. Chaucer 1004 How goddes gonne stellifye Bridd, fissh, best, or him or here, As the Raven, or eyther Bere. 1556 R. Record 270 The Rauen standeth on the same Hydre,..and it is formed of 7 starres. 1754 J. Hill at Corvus We have bears with tails, and snakes with hair upon their heads in the skies, though there are none such upon the earth; but the raven is a raven, and the figure is a very good one. 1869 E. Dunkin 177 And 'twixt the Cup and Virgin's spike You'll find the Raven's square. 1931 J. Jeans i. 12 It has been suggested that yet another great group of constellations may represent some form or another of the widespread legend of the deluge; they are Argo (the Ship or Ark), Columba (the Dove), Corvus (the Raven), Lepus (the Hare), Hydra (the water-snake) and Crater (the Cup). 1984 M. R. Chartrand (ed. 2) 138 The Crow, or Raven. the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > prediction, foretelling > [noun] > one who predicts > misfortune 1606 sig. E3 Morg. There did the tender harted Elidure Meete his distressed Brother, and so wrought..That..at last They yeelded their allegiance to your Lord... Lady. Thou Screchowle, Rauen, vglie throated slaue, Theres for thy newes. a1626 W. Rowley (1632) iii. 47 Ric. Now y'ave spoke it halfe; 'tis sinking I must treate of; our ships are all sunke... M. Fost. O thou fatall Raven; Let me pull thine eyes out for this Sad croake. 1683 J. Dryden & N. Lee iv. 53 Mal. O my dear Lord, upon this onely day Depends the series of your following Fate: Think your good Genius has assum'd my shape In this Prophetick doom. Guise. Peace croaking Raven. 1769 E. Burke 37 If they prove us ruined, we were always ruined. Some ravens have always indeed croaked out this kind of song. 1814 R. Wilson (1861) II. 301 I have done my duty honestly in my correspondence with government on this subject; but I am not sure that I shall not be voted an incorrigible raven. 1834 T. Hood ii. vii. 181 ‘Grace Rivers! revoke your plight, if you would not be a widow ere a wife!’..‘Do not tremble, Grace,’ said Raby,..‘do not deign to tremble at the croak of such a raven.’ 1874 F. A. Lees 187 Nothing can be worse than this, save a tale bearer, a gloomy ‘Raven’ always croaking and suggesting mishaps, or a woman who is not sober. B. adj.the world > matter > colour > named colours > black or blackness > [adjective] > typically black > as raven 1637 J. Milton 9 Smoothing the Raven downe Of darknesse. 1744 J. Thomson Summer in (new ed.) 100 Thus o'er the prostrate City black Despair Extends her raven Wing. 1768 T. Gray Descent of Odin in 92 A wond'ous boy..Who ne'er shall comb his raven-hair. 1801 R. Southey i. 23 The ebony..A leafless tree..With darkness feeds her boughs of raven grain. 1821 W. Scott I. iii. 43 From her mother, Minna inherited the..dark eyes, the raven locks. 1850 C. M. Sedgwick 11 Her hair not only does not curl, and is neither auburn, chestnut, nor raven, but a very common brown. 1904 J. Conrad ii. vii. 212 A mass of raven hair with only a few white threads in it covered her shoulders. 1914 G. K. Chesterton xi. 273 The raven colour of the pine-woods. 2004 W. H. Lesser vi. 66 Out in raven darkness on the Beverly-Fairmont Road, Colonel Ebenezer Dumont scowled at his watch. Compounds C1. 1686 J. Goad iii. iii. 463 I delight not in the Raven-Notes that do befal Recitements at large of those Subjects. 1726 N. B. 344/1 Put a Crow or Raven Quill into the Holes, and blow them up with Wind. 1769 ‘A. Merchant’ 198 Men, who plume themseleves with the rags of a painted harlot, or raven feathers of gloomy superstition. 1884 18 869 The arrows..were provided with iron points. Their shafts were made of splinters of wood lashed together and feathered with raven quills. 1958 C. D. Brower iii. 56 A wolf's head hung on the wall, a dried ravenskin beside it. 1982 10 479/1 The strings were plucked by raven quills, activated by jacks. 1782 T. Warton 61 Chatterton seems to have had his intelligence from Thomson's 'Masque of Alfred', a common play-book, where the Raven-standard of the Danes is thus poetically described. 1784 E. Jerningham i. 10 Tho' the Raven-banner is not mentioned in the Edda, it is of great antiquity. 1800 J. Cottle xviii. 347 Ivar then cried, Casting his eye upon the Raven flag That waved beside him, ‘Lo! it flaps its wings!’ 1822 W. H. Drummond i. 2 Here, never more, may pirate Dane unfurl His raven ensign. 1869 10 May 12/2 Even as the Norse Vikings under their raven flag carried fire and sword among the peaceful tenants of the Abbey. 1960 71 226 A Norse galley with a Dragon-head, a Raven flag, a tall mast with a red and white sail, and ten or twelve oars on each side. 2001 (Nexis) 28 Jan. 38 He is off to the..town hall to be given the freedom of Lerwick for the day and to have his black Raven Banner hoisted on the flag pole. C2. a. Similative. the world > matter > colour > named colours > black or blackness > [adjective] > typically black > as raven c1583 Sir Colling (Stewart) l. 196 in R. Purdie (2013) 110 The steid..was rewin blak. 1609 W. Shakespeare cxxvii. sig. H3v My Mistersse [sic] eyes are Rauen blacke . View more context for this quotation 1761 tr. C. Batteux I. i. ii. i. 208 His bill was raven black, and shone like jet. a1855 C. Brontë (1857) I. x. 165 Raven-black hair, very dark eyes. 1991 A. Knight Quiet Death iii, in (1996) 32 A girl with raven black hair, most elegantly attired in afternoon dress, was watching them leave. 1700 J. Dryden tr. G. Boccaccio Cymon & Iphigenia in 547 The snowy Skin, the Raven-glossy Hair. 1817 T. F. Dibdin II. vii. 398 That sacred book..came regularly before the public which every fascination with a bold type, raven-glossy ink, and Whatman's manufactured paper, could bestow upon it. 1751 E. Synge 19 July (1996) 329 Some right english Raven-grey Drab to make me a Coat or two. 1815 W. Scott I. xix. 307 Two suits of clothes, one black, and one raven-grey. 1892 25 May 7/3 The dress is a rich, raven gray silk, the skirt of which is slightly fulled in front. 1950 C. Day Lewis in 39 22 A driven heart, a raven-shadowing mind Loom above all my pastorals. b. Parasynthetic. the world > matter > colour > named colours > black or blackness > [adjective] > typically black > as raven 1594 W. Shakespeare ii. iii. 83 Her Rauen culloured loue. View more context for this quotation 1746 J. Hervey (1818) 265 The raven-colored mantle of night. 1852 R. S. Surtees xi. 53 Her raven-coloured ringlets. 2001 J. Waterman i. 30 She has waist-long raven-colored hair. 1601 J. Weever sig. A3 Faire Lucifer, the messenger of light, Vpon the bosome of the star-deckt skie, Begins to chase the rauen-fethered night. 1873 A. C. Swinburne in (1905) II. 308 A raven-feathered raven-throated dove Croaked salutation to the mother of love. 2003 (Nexis) 24 Feb. 10 The designer's raven-feathered shoes created quite a stir when they were featured on Ben de Lisi's catwalk show. the world > life > the body > hair > colour of hair > [adjective] > having dark hair 1778 J. Clark tr. 162 Come, raven-haired night! 1842 A. Rodger 101 His face not pale, nor yet of florid hue; High-cheek'd, hawk-beak'd, hawk-eyed, and raven-haired. 1997 July 78/3 A raven-haired woman in a broad-brimmed straw hat rowed leisurely up the centre of the lake. 1736 S. Wesley 156 Horror raven-plum'd, enormous Group! 1864 G. A. Townsend in F. Moore 118 The eagle of battles is raven plumed, And the flag of the Union drooping. 1951 11 July 22/1 The raven-plumed bird cheerfully emitted a big ‘Hello!’ to enthusiastic neighborhood children. 1788 ‘A. Pasquin’ iii. 56 Like a lusty old Sybil, who rambles elate, With a raven-ton'd voice, to anticipate Fate. 1797 R. Southey in J. Cottle (1847) 210 The very voice..will be enough to convict the raven-toned criminal. 2003 (Nexis) 12 Aug. 6 s The signature ‘Midnight’ gown, a sweeping raven-toned floor-length dress with a faux emerald, amethyst and sapphire bead-encrusted bodice. 1842 F. W. Faber 169 When the thunder feeds his muttering droves Of swart clouds on the raven-haunted scar. 1860 J. Ruskin V. 211 The carcass of a ewe..raven-torn. 1895 W. B. Yeats 7 We think on Oscar's pencilled urn, And on the heroes lying slain, On Gavra's raven-covered plain. 1974 85 253 Few now remember the tradition of Barbarossa's survival in the caverns of the raven-haunted Kyffhaüser [sic] mountain. 2005 (Nexis) 23 Sept. q4 He heads into the raven-infested woods (a bow to Poe) to practice his vows. C3. a. the world > food and drink > food > animal food > [noun] > food eaten by birds > food for ravens 1819 W. Scott Bride of Lammermoor viii, in 3rd Ser. I. 236 Disputing..concerning nombles, briskets, flankards, and raven-bones, then usual terms of the art of hunting. 1879 tr. E. Haeckel II. xxii. 304 The anterior portion of the latter constitutes the pro-key (or collar) bone..and its posterior part the raven-bone. 1889 at Cockatoo Raven-cockatoo, one of the black cockatoos of the genus Calyptorhynchus, as C. banksi. the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > larger song birds > family Corvidae (crow) > [noun] > genus Corvus > corvus corax (raven) 1792 II. 193 Although, like the raven-crow, it [sc. the magpie] has been bred to the chace, it cannot prove a successful hunter. 1817 T. Forster (ed. 6) 68 Corvus corax, the Raven, Great corbie Crow, or Ravencrow. the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric made from specific material > made from flax, hemp, or jute > [noun] > canvas > other 1753 J. Hanway I. xiv. 92 Sail-cloth, sheetings, ravenducks and drillings. 1827 O. W. Roberts 36 In exchange we gave them ravenduck, osnaburg, [etc.]. 1905 A. S. Cunningham 227 The Board of Trustees offered prizes for the best and second best raven-duck, harn-shirting, huckaback, diaper, and plain linen. 1985 A. Kahan iv. 210/1 Packaging cloth, drills, crash, diaper, Flemish, and ravenduck were the standard items [for export from Russia]. 1726 T. Salmon (new ed.) III. 137 The Raven's Fish is so named from his Mouth's resembling the Bill of a Bird, it is a Span long, red on the Back and tail, and yellow on the Belly.] 1755 W. Huggins & T. H. Croker tr. L. Ariosto I. vi. xxxvi The salmon, mullet, raven-fish. 1772 R. Brookes (ed. 2) III. 127 The raven fish has a mouth like a bill under the head... It is a very firm fish, and wholesome. It is taken in salt waters. a1300 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker (1884) I. 556/3 (MED) Pollipodium, i. poliol, i. reuenfot. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus (BL Add.) f. 141v Oþir foules þere ben þat eten now fleische and now fruyt indifferentliche..as alle foules of raueyne kynde, as chowghes, crowes, rookes, and rauenes and pyes. 1750 Lev. xi. 15 Of birds these are they which you must not eat... The eagle, and the griffon... And all that is of the raven kind [1609 of the rauens kinde]. 1753 Suppl. Corvus indicus, in zoology, the name of a bird of the raven kind. 1848 W. D. Cooley tr. A. Erman (1850) II. iii. 64 The magpie and other birds of the raven kind, are invested by the Samoyedes and Kamchadales with a magical character. 1960 S. Auxier in M. Cane et al. 16 She might have borne them had there been, Among her spreading tree of mind, Branches not burdened by the clutch Of their raven-kind. 1990 Feb. 92/2 Even if it is good for ravenkind to share chance finds, how could such a pattern evolve through the selection of individuals? the world > time > a suitable time or opportunity > untimeliness > [noun] > lateness > one who is late a1400 (a1325) (Gött.) 1892 Þat messager, men say, Þat duellis lang in his iornay, He may be cald, wid resun clere, An of the rauyns messagere [a1400 Vesp. messagers corbun; a1400 Trin. Cambr. rauenenes messangere]. society > authority > punishment > capital punishment > hanging > [noun] > gallows 1738 I. 127 One of the Crew cried out, Let us carry them to Raven-stone (the Place of Execution) and shoot them dead. 1817 Ld. Byron iii. i. 74 The raven sits On the raven-stone. 1871 B. Taylor tr. J. W. von Goethe I. xxiv. 251 What weave they there round the raven-stone? 1996 R. J. Evans i. 49 (caption) Note the priests attending the malefactors, the ravenstone,..and the gentry and women among the spectators. the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by habit > tree or woody plant > [noun] > as home for birds or bees 1789 G. White ii. 6 On this a pair of ravens had fixed their residence for such a series of years, that this oak was distinguished by the title of The Raven-tree. 1838 M. Howitt 50 A raven-tree was there Spreading forth its branches bare. 1904 23 July 13/1 The ‘raven tree’ is all that remains..to remind one of the former existence of these birds in those localities. 1922 23 May 16/5 ‘Raven trees’ of England no doubt were so called from the faithful way the birds returned to the same nest year after year. b. Compounds with raven's. the world > health and disease > healing > medical appliances or equipment > surgical instruments > [noun] > forceps 1446 (London Metropolitan Archives MS09171/004) f. 200v Item lego Roberto Coteler vnum Pollax' vocatum Ravenesbylle. 1466 in L. F. Salzman (1952) 332 (MED) Rauenysbylles for breaking stone walls. 1598 A. M. tr. J. Guillemeau Thesaurarye sig. a4v/2 The Ravens bille, in Latine called, Rostrum corvinum. 1658–9 Somersetshire Rec. in J. Parkes (1925) (modernized text) vii. 187 One of the men named said that he saw men fighting and Westover struck with a pike staff or raven's bill. 1865 H. H. Bigg 38 Another form of palate, on the upper side of which is a button which may be turned by a pair of forceps, called a raven's bill, so as to retain the plate in its proper position. 1904 V. 51/2 Them two tools, the stock and the raven's bill, cawstes a pound the two. 2001 C. Gravett 19 The pollaxe..or ravensbill had a combination of axehead, hammer or beak. the world > food and drink > food > animal food > [noun] > food eaten by birds > food for ravens 1575 G. Gascoigne xliv. 135 There is a litle gristle which is vpon the spoone of the brysket, which we cal the Rauens bone, bycause it is cast vp to the Crowes or Rauens whiche attende hunters. a1637 B. Jonson Sad Shepherd i. vi. 42 in (1640) III Mar...the brisket-bone, upon the spoone Of which, a little gristle growes, you call it—— Rob. the Ravens-bone. 1784 T. Davies I. 48 Ravens..are..said to..attend the dissection of deer for a certain morsel, which hunters used formerly to call the raven's bone. 1967 42 273 A piece called the ‘raven's bone’, os corbin or escorbin, was to be placed high in a tree as the ravens' portion. 1825 W. H. Maxwell I. v. 74 But there's one comfort—he's in the raven's book, and his last leave of absence is on the road. 1849 W. H. Maxwell in 26 351 He was breaking up fast—and when I returned to town from Cheltenham in a month,it was quite clear that poor Miley was regularly in the raven's book. 1910 P. W. Joyce (1991) 180 When a person looks as if he were likely to die soon:—‘He's in the raven's book.’ 1999 C. Nolan (2000) cx. 359 ‘He's coming home, the child,’ her grim voice said, for sand in her eyes, the raven's book read, her soul heard the dead-bell now. the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric made from specific material > made from flax, hemp, or jute > [noun] > canvas > other 1756 G. G. Beekman Let. 19 Apr. in (1956) I. 279 All the Blankets, Peices of Ravens Duck, ossen brigs and Dowless are bought up for the use of the forces. 1868 G. G. Channing 200 A miller called one day at the store to purchase a piece of ravensduck, with which to make or to repair sails for his windmill. 1931 12 Jan. 6/6 Hemp sails, known as raven's duck, were used, the cotton duck being unknown at that time. 2002 J. Winch iv. 92 In July 1834 there was another bill for new sails, more repairs, another tarpaulin, and more Russian Duck and Raven's Duck for the stores. the world > plants > particular plants > fungi > [noun] > of unspecified or unidentified type 1822 J. M. Good I. 207 Perhaps the plants that through such an error have been most frequently gathered are..the Medusa's head, the raven's eye, the hemlock-mushroom, and the agaricus muscarius. eOE (1974) 45 Quinquefolium, hraebnæs foot. eOE (Royal) (1865) i. vi. 50 Wiþ toþ wærce, hrefnes fot wel on wine neoþoweardne oððe on ecede, sup swa ðu hatost mæge. OE Ælfric (St. John's Oxf.) 310 Polipedium, hremmes fot [c1225 Worcester Pollipodium, refnes fot]. OE tr. Pseudo-Apuleius (Vitell.) (1984) xxviii. 74 Wið innoð to astyrigenne genim ðas wyrte ðe Grecas chamedafne & Engle hræfnes fot [?a1200 Harl. 6258B hrefnes fot] nemnað. lOE 16 Pentaphilon, refnes fot. c1225 Worcester Glosses to Old Eng. Herbarium in (1928) 52 20 [Ræfnesfot, chamedafne] Refnesfot. a1325 in T. Hunt (1989) 62 [Camedaphne] pé de corf, anglice ravenesfot. ?a1425 f. 197 Pes corui, apium moraidarum: rauenys fote, hote and drye. a1500 in T. Hunt (1989) 204 [Pes Corvi] ravensfote, remmesfote. 1523 in T. Hunt (1989) 89 [Cornopedion] anglice crofot or rammysfote. the world > food and drink > food > animal food > [noun] > food eaten by birds > food for ravens c1560 J. Lacy (Copland) sig. a.iiv The Rauens morsell, sticke hit on a thorne faste. 1575 G. Gascoigne xlii. 129 The rauens morsell (which is the gryssell at the spoone of the brisket). 1688 R. Holme ii. ix. 188/2 The Midriff, and the Grissel, at the Spoon of the Brisket, called the Ravens bone, or the Ravens Morsel, with other Garbage, is cast to the Crows and Ravens. Derivatives 1870 A. Stewart xix. 112 Permitted by the laws of ravendom. 1889 30 483/2 That raven grew to the fullest stature of lusty ravenhood. 1960 10 319 Any non-black object..unsuccessfully examined for ravenhood must..confirm the equivalent hypothesis ‘All non-black objects are non-ravens’. 1609 T. Dekker (STC 6519.2) sig. A3v Now I say and prophecie it (with a Rauen-like voice) that like Lyons robd of their young, shall you goe vp and downe madding and raging [etc]. 1772 i. i. 3 With raven-like voice, he endeavours to sing. 1876 ‘G. Eliot’ II. iii. xxii. 82 Said Mrs. Arrowpoint, in her most raven-like tones. 1993 Summer 46/3 The currawongs, big black ravenlike birds with white wingtips and tailtips and piercing yellow eyes. 1896 E. J. Harding 258 The old raven started off, and..Niezguinek, who still held the ravenling, questioned him. 1891 J. C. Atkinson 61 Nests, built raven-wise one a-top of the other. 1924 ‘C. Dane’ 217 He broke off to cock his head raven-wise: ‘What?’ This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). Ravenn.2Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Raven. Etymology: < the name of John C. Raven (1902–70), English psychologist, who devised these tests (L. S. Penrose & J. C. Raven 1936, in Brit. Jrnl. Med. Psychol. 16 97). Psychology. the mind > mental capacity > psychology > developmental psychology > acquisition of knowledge > test of mental ability > [noun] > non-verbal 1937 50 37 Consider..the following items in the test-series of Penrose and Raven.] 1942 J. Duncan iv. 48 The cumulative distribution by Raven's Tests was: 1 child out of 91 above 80 percentile points... 2 children..[above] 70. 1948 13 28 The results obtained by means of the Raven tests are indicative of the fact that these..fulfill most of the requirements needed for testing normal and handicapped subjects. 1972 87 69 Intelligence scores were available only for the controls, who had been administered the Raven's Progressive Matrices Test. 1989 26 1 The Raven Progressive Matrices Tests are available in three forms: the Coloured version (for children), the Standard version (for the entire age range), and the Advanced version (designed to spread the scores of the top 10% on the Standard version). 2005 14 223 Children with epilepsy were highly over-represented in the lowest Raven percentile group. 1944 14 439 Bradford used the Raven Progessive Matrices as a selective device and then used performance tests for diagnosis. 1955 3 191 Miss D. M. Lampard..had said..‘There is no real alternative to Sleight's test.’ What of Raven's Matrices, with very little verbiage and no time-limit? 1964 M. Critchley xiv. 82 On Raven's progressive matrices he scored 32 out of 60: his I.Q. was estimated to be 93. 2002 115 135 Data were also collected on variables thought to be related to cognitive capacity (e.g., Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) scores, Raven matrices, and various vocabulary and reading comprehension tests). This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). ravenv. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: ravin n.1 Etymology: < ravin n.1 Compare Old French raviner to take off by force (12th cent., rare), to stream, rush (12th cent.), Middle French, French raviner to furrow (the earth, etc.) with gullies or ravines (a1592). Compare ravish v., rapine v.Although there is no direct evidence for the verb before the 16th cent., the evidence for the apparent derivatives ravener n., ravening n., and ravening adj. perhaps suggests currency in the 14th and 15th centuries. With sense 4 compare ravenous adj. 1. the mind > possession > loss > taking away > take away [verb (transitive)] > forcibly or suddenly the mind > possession > giving > distributing or dealing out > distribute or deal out [verb (transitive)] > divide into shares > and give to others and oneself > as booty or spoil the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > robbery > sacking, raiding, or looting > sack, raid, or loot [verb (transitive)] > carry off as loot or plunder a1513 R. Fabyan (1516) I. ccxxxvii. f. clix His mouable goodys were spoyled and Rauenyd amonge ye Kynges offycers. 1539 C. Tunstall sig. E All thy goodes..rauened broken and distrybute in thy presence, that euery rauenor may haue his share. 1593 Queen Elizabeth I tr. Boethius De Consolatione Philosophiæ in (1899) i. pr. iii. 7 While they be busy to rauyne vnproffitable baggage. 1602 R. Carew i. f. 3 The encroaching Sea hath rauined from it, the whole Countrie of Lionnesse. 1621 D. Calderwood vi. 154 That which they spoyle and raven in other places, there, sayth M. Cartwr[ight], they spend and make good cheere with. 1657 G. Thornley tr. Longus 175 Nor had the Wolf raven'd away so much as one. a1690 G. Fox (1694) I. 19 Who inwardly ravened from the Spirit, and brought people into the Form. 1700 G. Keith 1/1 You are all under the Curse in another Spirit ravened from the Spirit that was in the Apostles. 1721 C. Leslie II. 47 So it is when one Quaker's Light does cross another's, (for cross they do) then each damns the other's Infallibility, and says, that he is ravened from the true Light. 1931 J. Clayton ix. 76 Not a lamb in his flock should be ravened by foresters or others while Hugh was bishop without the offender being brought to judgment. the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > robbery > sacking, raiding, or looting > sack, raid, or loot [verb (intransitive)] 1570 J. Foxe (rev. ed.) II. vii.1096/1 The souldiers..raungyng about the confines therof, rauened, and made hauocke on euery side, of what soeuer they could lay handes on. 1603 M. Drayton i. vii. 3 [Blood-thirsting warre] Transferd by fortune to the Scottish meare, To ransack that, as it had rauin'd heere. 1621 J. Molle tr. P. Camerarius ii. xvi. 125 He goes unto the wars to filch and rauen. 1670 C. Cotton tr. G. Girard iii. ix. 442 That they might not be disturbed whilst busie ravening after Booty. 1767 T. Neville tr. Virgil iv. 92 Wide all around they waste, and ravening seize. 1858 I. ix. 159 Think how soon they [sc. the walls] must be polluted by the vulgar soldiers, ravening for plunder. 1865 T. Carlyle VI. xx. iv. 92 His Croats and loose hordes went openly ravening about. 1930 R. A. Taylor iv. 82 You see..Poggio ravening after manuscripts, slinging swift Latin at his adversaries. 1952 G. Grigson iv. 32 Since the pale persicaria arrived in New Zealand some fifty years ago, it has ravined about the two islands,..growing now and again in a stupendous plenty. 2006 (Nexis) 1 Apr. e15 On September 1, 1939, the Nazi blitzkrieg ravened across the borders of Poland. 2. the world > animals > by eating habits > [verb (transitive)] > prey on the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > eating > processes or manners of eating > eat via specific process [verb (intransitive)] > eat voraciously the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > eating > eating by animals > feed on or forage for (of animals) [verb (transitive)] > prey upon 1530 J. Palsgrave 679/2 I ravyne, I eate hastyly or gredyly. Je briffe. He is an horryble lurtcher, se how he ravyneth. 1545 T. Elyot sig. B.vi The couaitous desyre of riche men is euer vnsaciable. It alwaye raueneth and neuer is satisfied. 1585 Abp. E. Sandys vii. 110 For greedie cormorants to rauen vpon. 1603 H. Crosse sig. H2v The fish Polipus..doeth rauen vppon other fishes. 1638 T. Habingdon tr. Gildas 44 Neither yet was it objected that the Britaines having beene long starved with oppressing povertie, would greedily raven on the English riches and Possessions. 1667 R. Allestree ix. 247 Those wild irregular flames which ravine and consume. 1748 R. Poole Jrnl. 10 Dec. in (1753) 193 All Nature..becoming now voratiously inclined towards each other,..the Stronger ravening upon the Weaker. 1811 T. Jefferson (1830) IV. 164 Our printers ravin on the agonies of their victims. 1894 E. Œ. Somerville & ‘M. Ross’ I. xii. 168 They [sc. dogs] were permitted to raven unchecked upon chicken bones, fat slices of ham, and luscious leavings of cream. 1965 E. Dahlberg 60 When man's life is hopeless no bird of prey appears to raven upon his melancholy identity. 1994 M. Gurewitch iii. 140 The blood-crazed sharks ravening on a dead whale suspended from the side of the Pequod. the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > eating > processes or manners of eating > eat via specific process [verb (transitive)] > eat voraciously 1557 R. Edgeworth f. cccix The Dyuell hath hys misticall bodie, compacte and made of suche as he hath rauende and swalowed vp by theyr sinnes. 1560 Ezek. xxii. 25 Like a roaring lion rauening the pray. a1571 J. Jewel Expos. 1 Thess. 91 in (1611) The fishes belly destroieth those things which they rauine. 1581 A. Hall tr. Homer ii. 28 In the leaues he [sc. a dragon] sparrowes found..Which sodainly he rauend vp. 1603 R. Knolles 833 Certaine young men..like greedie Harpies rauened it downe in a moment. 1607 E. Topsell 303 If he rauen it in, as he wil do hauing much at a time. 1653 T. Urquhart tr. F. Rabelais ix. 66 If you will but set me to work, it will be as good as a balsamum for sore eyes, to see me gulch and raven it. 1683 T. Tryon 648 Saturn and Mars..with a fierce hunger destroy and raven up the friendly Properties and Preservatives of Life. 1723 R. Burrow 26 That Passage describing Men, who ought to have acted the Part of Shepherds, as Wolves ravening the Prey. 1814 H. F. Cary tr. Dante I. xxxii. 143 As bread Is raven'd up through hunger. 1819 in J. Keats 15 July (1947) 360 It is astonishing how they raven down scenery like children do sweetmeats. 1875 J. R. Lowell (1879) 458/2 'Gainst Self's lean wolf that ravens word and deed. 1949 D. Smith (U.K. ed.) v. 54 Those five Bennets..simply waiting to raven the young men at Netherfield Park. 2004 62 602 Rather than needing society less when we work alone, we need it more, ravening down every blurb and book review we receive, desperate for any scrap of praise tossed our way. the world > food and drink > food > providing or receiving food > supply with food [verb (intransitive)] > seek or acquire food the world > space > shape > unevenness > condition or fact of receding > hollowness > make hollow [verb (transitive)] society > travel > aspects of travel > travel from place to place > [verb (intransitive)] > with no fixed aim or wander > in search of food 1560 Gen. xlix. 27 Beniamin shall rauine (as) a wolfe. 1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach iii. f. 155v Let them want no meate, for yf they doo, they wyll for hunger rauen abrode. 1657 F. Roberts iii. iii. 504 As a Wolf or Tyger, if you knock out their teeth, pair their nails, chain them up, &c. for the while they will forbear ravening; but set them at liberty, they will raven still. 1680 H. More 124 His feet..which are his strength and instrument of action to raven and prey with. 1739 xxii. 43 Their Mouths they op'ned wide on me, Upon me gape did they, Like to a Lion ravening And roaring for his prey. 1876 M. M. Grant I. i. 37 Fierce fiery lions went ravening to and fro. 1940 M. de la Roche i. xxiv. 148 Your mother simply ravens about the frying-pan and makes Renny lose his head so that the baby's egg is broken. 1985 (Nexis) 11 Apr. i. 12 The fact that the U.S. group includes a stockbroker..and an upmarket bank..only adds to its image of a wolf ravening for wealthy clients. 4. intransitive. Chiefly in progressive tenses. the mind > will > wish or inclination > desire > strong or eager desire > desire strongly or eagerly [verb (transitive)] 1607 sig. G Didst thou not see her yawning sepulchre Rauening to swallow vp my Emperie? 1669 J. Dryden iv. i. 59 She..ravins mightily for green-fruit. 1684 75 [They] have been like Wolves ravening to shed Blood, and to get dishonest Gain. 1701 B. Jenks l. 245 They Doat upon the World, and are Bewitcht with the Love of their Sins, and Ravening after the Meat for their Lusts. 1739 J. Merrick in tr. Tryphiodorus 127 (note) The comparison of Wolves ravening for their prey is much more applicable to the Greeks invading the Trojans, than to the Trojans endeavouring to defend themselves. 1799 tr. J.-F. de Bourgoing II. xxvi. 251 A crowd of wretches ravening for carnage run about the streets. 1839 12 July 6/1 Such be the meed of mean hypocrisy and selfishness, which assumes the garb of patriotism, and is inwardly ravening for plunder! 1892 S. Baring-Gould II. xxii. 33 Here's my brother thirsting, ravening to make your acquaintance. 1948 10 608 He was never poor like Shaw, Wells, Sidney Webb..or like Balzac, ravening for more than he had. 1999 D. M. Kennedy xxii. 818 He had fifteen carriers on station, embarking nearly a thousand aircraft... He ravened to go. the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > appetite > hunger > be hungry [verb (intransitive)] > be extremely hungry 1830 J. Leslie et al. vii. 265 These animals continued through the whole winter ravening with hunger. 1858 H. Bushnell 66 Those divine affinities in us that raven with immortal hunger. 1881 129 194 If I know anything of your constitution..you must have been ravening hours ago. 1918 U. Sinclair vii. 300 We are the representatives of a starving class, which thinks about its belly precisely as does any individual who is ravening with hunger. 1938 D. Lloyd George I. vi. 307 The resurrected nations rose from their graves hungry and ravening from their long fast in the vaults of oppression. 1987 R. Harris (1991) xv. 127 Lunch, Princess? Great. I'm ravening again. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < |
