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单词 bink
释义

binkn.

Brit. /bɪŋk/, U.S. /bɪŋk/, Scottish English /bɪŋk/
Forms:

α. early Middle English bennk ( Ormulum), Middle English bengke, Middle English–1600s benke, Middle English– benk, 1500s beink (Scottish), 1700s benck (English regional (Yorkshire)), 1800s baenk (Scottish); N.E.D (1887) also records a form Middle English bengk.

β. Middle English binc, Middle English binck, Middle English–1500s bynk, Middle English–1500s bynke, Middle English– bink.

Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: bench n.
Etymology: Northern and Scots variant of bench n., showing failure of palatalization and assibilation of /k/, perhaps influenced or reinforced by the East Norse word reflected by Old Danish bænk bench n. With senses 4 and 5 compare bank n.1 and the discussion at bench n. In sense 6 perhaps originally an alteration or reinterpretation of bike n.1 N.E.D. (1887) included as sense 6 ‘a receptacle; a bin’ with a 1534 example, but this is better taken as a variant of bing n.1
Chiefly Scottish and English regional (northern) in later use.
1. A bench for sitting on; = bench n. 1. Also: a royal seat, the throne of a ruler.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > seat > bench > [noun]
bencheOE
binkc1175
bankc1275
forma1387
sede1552
siege1566
bench seat1825
α.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 15231 Wiþþ þrinne bennkess bennkedd.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) l. 5058 And on benke sete ham by.
a1450 York Plays (1885) 227 I schall buske to þe benke Wher baneres are bright.
a1500 (a1400) Ipomedon (Chetham) (1889) l. 4036 (MED) To supper þey went after that, Her leff be her on the benke sat.
a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1959) viii. iii. 193 The benk ybeldyt of the grene holyne.
1597 in M. Wood & R. K. Hannay Extracts Rec. Burgh Edinb. (1927) V. 362 Making of seatis and benkis in the heiche skollis thair to the bairnis to sit upoun.
1646 in Munimenta Alme Univ. Glasguensis (1854) III. 522 The buirdes in the Hall with thair benkis and formes.
1725 in H. Paton Minnigaff Parish Rec. (1939) 468 Six Communion tables and footing of benks for seats.
1866 T. Edmondston Etymol. Gloss. Shetland & Orkney Dial. 5 Baenk, a bench.
β. ?c1350 Ballad Sc. Wars l. 69 in A. Brandl & O. Zippel Mitteleng. Sprach- u. Literaturproben (1917) 138 (MED) Þe bankers on þe binkes lay.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 5321 He kist and sett on binc [Gött. binck, Fairf. benk, Trin. Cambr. benche] him bi.1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) vii. 238 The gud vif on the bynk [1489 Adv. benk] sytand.1578 J. Rolland Seuin Seages 137 In he come, and sat doun on ane bink, Befoir the fire, and cryit for meit and drink.1603 Thre Prestis of Peblis (Charteris) (1920) 32 Hal binks ar ay slidder.1603 Philotus xvii. sig. B His wyfe may ay sit formest doun, At eyther burde or bink.1855 F. K. Robinson Gloss. Yorks. Words 14 ‘The summer binks’, a benched alcove or summer-house in a garden.1928 J. G. Horne Lan'wart Loon 26 When wash't an' happit in his bink, An' haudin Jocky in a mink.1988 G. Lamb Orkney Wordbk. Bink, a bench, generally of stone.2000 M. Fitt But n Ben A-go-go ix. 76 The laddie, curled up on his bink like a doo wi a broken wing, didna dare glower back.
2. A seat of justice; = bench n. 3.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > judicial body, assembly, or court > place where court is held > [noun] > seat of judgement
doom-settlec1000
doom-stoola1250
benchc1300
bink?a1400
bankc1450
judgement seat1526
tribunala1530
justice seat1548
pew1558
chair1629
cushion1656
banc1689
?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) ii. 1416 At London at þe benke schewe þer þin askyng.
?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) ii. l. 6795 His benk he did þer crie, shireues, balifes he ches þat office couþe guye.
a1450 Body & Soul (Digby 102) (1889) 95 (MED) If alle þe men now vnder mone To deme vs were brouȝt on benke.
a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xxx. 420 When ye were set as syres on bynke.
1663 ‘P. Stampoy’ Coll. Sc. Prov. 19 For fault of wisemen fools sits on binks.
1981 Eng. World-wide 2 11 It's no muckle found for extendit discourse, frae the pulpit or the platform, the judge's bink or the professor's lectern.
3. A shelf; a long flat slab of stone fixed to a wall, used either as a seat or as a shelf; spec. a wooden frame fixed to the wall of a house for holding plates, bowls, etc.; a dresser.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > stand > [noun] > shelf
skelf1396
shelfc1405
tack1446
binkc1520
bank1574
bracket1635
hanging shelf1726
wall-plat1841
pluteus1895
c1520 in B. Cusack Everyday Eng. 1500–1700 (1998) 53 Item for the bynkkis in the hall wt A dubyll hek I bowght thame off nycholis beuerlay.
1657 S. Colvil Mock Poem (1751) 67 The Good-man keeps it, as we think, Behind a dish, upon the bink.
1776 D. Herd Anc. & Mod. Sc. Songs (ed. 2) II. 231 She took the dish-clout aff the bink.
1816 W. Scott Antiquary II. x*. 281 Ony thing..frae the rooftree down to a crackit trencher on the bink.
1864 J. C. Atkinson Whitby Gloss. Bink, a bench. Upon those of stone at cottage doors, the fresh scoured milkpails and other dairy utensils are oft seen placed to dry and sweeten.
1963 H. Orton & W. J. Halliday Surv. Eng. Dial. I. ii. 564 Q[uestion]. What do you call this, on which you keep your pans?.. [Isle of Man] Bink.
1966 D. Sutherland Against Wind i. iv. 70 The dresser, or bink, was made from a large slab of smooth blue stone and formed the principal piece of furniture apart from the kitchen table.
1978 A. Fenton Northern Isles xx. 166 By one wall was a benk made by supporting heavy planks of wood on hard turf or stones, at the same height as the restin-chair.
2004 R. Fairnie Scots Tung Wittins (SCOTS) No. 129 A traditional Breton wardrobe an bink haed been walit oot for poindin.
4. A bank of earth or rock. Cf. bank n.1 1, bench n. 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > ridge > [noun] > ridge of earth
benchc1250
rindc1440
bink1568
ledge1658
ridgelet1774
ridget1791
backing1863
soil stripe1910
1568 (a1508) W. Kennedy Flyting (Bannatyne) in Poems W. Dunbar (1998) I. 209 Na fowlis..amangis tha binkis Biggis nor abydis.
1659 P. C. Plockhoy Way Propounded 28 Esteeming less of poverty, than of superfluity, of the honour, then of the state,..of a green bink of Turf, then of a costly Couch.
1778 A. Ross Helenore (ed. 2) 19 Up thro' the cleughs, where bink on bink was set, Scrambling wi' hands and feet she taks the gate.
1807 J. Headrick View Mineral. Arran 153 On putting down a bore in moss binks, water spouted up.
1827 W. Tennant Papistry Storm'd 3 There sat he, on lone bink reclin'd.
1879 A. G. Murdoch Rhymes & Lyrics 32 Let's owre to yon bit floo'ry bink, Sweet-shaded by yon mossy rock.
1930 R. Clapham in C. Frederick et al. Foxhunting xxviii. 269 It is on these sheltered ledges, or ‘Binks’ as they are locally termed, that the hill-foxes find snug lying.
1991 T. S. Law in T. Hubbard New Makars 31 Oasis alane in this haill wilderness whaur ilka bink an rowe o the camel pad maun gang.
5. Coal Mining (chiefly English regional). An underground face from which coal is worked; a passageway in which this occurs. Cf. bank n.1 7a. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > workplace > places where raw materials are extracted > mine > [noun] > other places in mine
work1474
firework1606
stemple1653
stool1653
bink1675
engine pit1687
swamp1691
feeder1702
wall1728
bag1742
sill1747
stope1747
rose cistern1778
striking-house1824
plat1828
stemplar1828
screen chamber1829
offtake1835
footwall1837
triple pit1839
stamp1849
paddock1852
working floor1858
pit house1866
ground-sluice1869
screen tower1871
planilla1877
undercurrent1877
mill1878
blanket-sluice1881
stringing-deal1881
wagon-breast1881
brushing-bed1883
poppet-leg1890
slippet1898
stable1906
overcut1940
1675 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 10 451 From the bottom run four Binks, as they call them; four yards wide, and forty yards long, except that in which they met the fiery damp, which wants four or five yards of its due length. The Bink in which the damp is, is the farthest from the Air, which is communicated from the other Pits.
1686 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Staffs. iii. 136 A Workman in another Bink hard by, fear'd the roof would have fallen in.
1797 J. Curr Coal Viewer 15 The long way of working collieries, where the roads along the benk faces are narrow.
1834 A. Watts New Year's Gift 16 The face of the coal where they work they call a benk. One is the deep benk, the other the basset benk.
1940 Chambers's Techn. Dict. 87/1 Benk, the place underground where coal is being broken from the face of the coal seam.
1962 Recorded Interview (Brit. Libr. Sound Archive) (Survey Eng. Dial.: C908) (MS transcript) Track 9 Main roads in there these benks, getting thick and wide.
6. A hive; a wasps' nest. Also in wasp-bink. Cf. bike n.1
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > bee-keeping > [noun] > beehive
hivec725
beehivec1325
ruche1494
skep1494
stall1505
butt1532
pyche1570
bee-stall1572
hive-cot1582
alveary1623
bee-skepa1634
bee-house1675
staller1712
stand1740
bee-gum1817
bink1824
bee-palace1845
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Hymenoptera > [noun] > suborder Apocrita, Petiolata, or Heterophaga > group Aculeata (stinging) > the wasps > nest
wasp's nestc1386
bikea1400
vespiary1817
bink1824
1824 J. Scott New Song in Royal Sc. Minstrelsy 92 And folks walked to-and-fro, as thick as bum-bees in a bink.
1904 Nature Notes Aug. 168 The children were..hunting after wasp binks to send to some person in London.
1923 G. Watson Roxburghshire Word-bk. 55 Bink, a nest of wasps or wild-bees.
1995 Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 22 Aug. 14 In conversation we used the phrases a wasp-bike and a wasp-bink.
?2002 I. W. D. Forde Hale ir Sindries ii. 188 He kepit bies in binks at hiz warks.

Derivatives

binking n. Obsolete
ΚΠ
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 15232 Forr þær wass an bennkinnge lah.
binked adj. Obsolete
ΚΠ
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 15231 Wiþþ þrinne bennkess bennkedd.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2017; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
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n.c1175
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