请输入您要查询的英文单词:

 

单词 raphide
释义

raphiden.

Brit. /ˈreɪfʌɪd/, U.S. /ˈreɪfᵻd/, /ˈreɪˌfɪd/
Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French raphide.
Etymology: < French raphide ( A. P. de Candolle Organographie végétale (1827) I. xiii. 126) < ancient Greek ῥαϕίδ- , ῥαϕίς needle (see raphis n.). Compare raphid n., raphis n.All examples of the plural form raphides are covered at this entry, although some of the earlier instances may rather represent the plural of raphis n., which would be formally identical. The singular raphide is rare except as an element in compounds (see Compounds 1). N.E.D. (1903) gives the pronunciation of raphides as (ræ·fidīz) /ˈræfɪdiːz/.
Botany.
Any of certain crystals, typically needle-shaped and composed of calcium oxalate, which are found, usually in bundles, in particular cells (idioblasts) in certain plants and are thought to be a defence mechanism against herbivory.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > substance > cell > cell organelle or contents > [noun] > other organelles or contents
raphide1831
body1839
raphid1863
mucigen1874
cell sap1875
globoid1875
raphis1879
pyrenoid1883
mucinogen1884
plastid1885
molluscum corpuscle1886
hyalosome1889
molluscum body1892
statolith1892
dictyosome1893
centrosome1895
Nissl body1898
Nissl granule1898
Nissl substance1899
archespore1901
blepharoplast1907
liposome1910
statocone1910
kinetosome1912
Golgi body1916
kinetoplast1925
lipochondrion1936
microsome1943
kappa1945
Pappenheimer body1947
microbody1954
lysosome1955
siderosome1957
ribosome1958
melanosome1961
cisterna1962
microtubule1962
plasmalemmasome1962
phagolysosome1963
informosome1964
monosome1964
mucocyst1965
peroxisome1965
rhoptry1967
spectrin1968
virosome1970
1831 Jrnl. Royal Inst. Great Brit. 1 422 The presence of such crystals [of oxalate of lime] in the tissue of plants has lately become well known to botanists, and are distinguished by the name of raphides.
1849 J. H. Balfour Man. Bot. § 18 Raphides consist principally of phosphate and oxalate of lime. They abound in some plants, especially Cacti, and they are common in Squill, and in the officinal Turkey Rhubarb.
1876 J. Harley Royle's Man. Materia Med. (ed. 6) 393 Many spiral vessels may be detected in these scales by the microscope, as well as numerous acicular raphides.
1939 D. K. Tressler et al. Fruit & Veg. Juices viii. 159 These raphides are responsible for the soreness and discomfort of the mouth that often occurs from very excessive consumption of fresh pineapples.
1972 Science 20 Oct. 314/1 Raphides (sing. is -ide) are needle-shaped crystals of calcium oxalate, occurring in bundles within specialized cells of certain flowering plants.
2004 D. F. Austin Florida Ethnobot. 70/1 We do not know what the pain-causing exudate is on the spines [of the agave], but recently calcium oxalate raphides have been implicated.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.
raphide bundle n.
ΚΠ
1914 M. Drummond tr. G. Haberlandt Physiol. Plant Anat. x. iii. 533 The whole raphide-bundle..is embedded in a mass of mucilaginous material.
1989 Acta Botanica Indica 17 229 Cortical cells of roots and pseudobulbs possess raphide bundles and starch grains.
raphide cell n.
ΚΠ
1884 F. O. Bower & D. H. Scott tr. H. A. de Bary Compar. Anat. Phanerogams & Ferns i. vii. 219 The projecting, elongated or spindle-shaped raphide-cells are sometimes attached to the lateral walls.
1914 M. Drummond tr. G. Haberlandt Physiol. Plant Anat. x. iii. 533 Crystal-sacs may be isolated or arranged in rows; the latter condition is exemplified by the raphide-cells of most Commelynaceae and Amaryllidaceae.
1985 Amer. Jrnl. Bot. 72 1858/2 It has been noted that raphide cells are present but druse cells are absent.
raphide crystal n.
ΚΠ
1963 Bot. Gaz. 124 420/1 A second substance stored is calcium oxalate, which occurs as raphide crystals in idioblastic parenchyma cells.
1978 K. Esau Anat. Seed Plants (ed. 2) xiii. 206/2 Mucilage cells often include raphide crystals.
1989 Protoplasma 148 130 An in vivo system was developed to examine raphide crystal bundle formation in the root of intact plants.
raphide sac n.
ΚΠ
1884 F. O. Bower & D. H. Scott tr. H. A. de Bary Compar. Anat. Phanerogams & Ferns i. vii. 220 In the diaphragms of the petiole of Pontederia..there are found, besides the raphide sacs, others, of spindle-like shape.
1914 M. Drummond tr. G. Haberlandt Physiol. Plant Anat. x. iii. 534 The layered plates of parenchyma that make up the ventilating tissue (aërenchyma) of the leaf of Pistia Stratiotes, are traversed at frequent intervals by spindle-shaped raphide-sacs.
1985 Bot. Gaz. 146 375/2 Crystal sacs occur solely in the mesophyll. They are either raphide sacs.., styloid sacs.., or sacs containing crystals intermediate in form between raphides and styloids.
C2. Objective.
raphide-bearing adj.
ΚΠ
1884 F. O. Bower & D. H. Scott tr. H. A. de Bary Compar. Anat. Phanerogams & Ferns 139 The elongated or spindle-shaped raphide-bearing sacs, which are common, e.g. in the Aroideæ.
1918 Amer. Jrnl. Bot. 5 448 Stahl studied the effect of a variety of raphide-bearing plants when fed to hungry snails and reached the conclusion that the burning taste depends on the raphides alone.
1994 Bot. Jrnl. Linn. Soc. 114 67 Specialized raphide-bearing cells in the cortex expand axially.
raphide-containing adj.
ΚΠ
1884 F. O. Bower & D. H. Scott tr. H. A. de Bary Compar. Anat. Phanerogams & Ferns 139 Hanstein's raphide-containing sac-vessels.
1918 Amer. Jrnl. Bot. 5 448 On the question of the cause of the acrid taste in raphide-containing plants, the evidence is less direct... The general opinion seeming to be that the raphides serve as a protection..against animals and insects.
2001 New Phytologist 150 111 Raphide-containing cells exhibited lamellate sheaths around the chamber walls.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
<
n.1831
随便看

 

英语词典包含1132095条英英释义在线翻译词条,基本涵盖了全部常用单词的英英翻译及用法,是英语学习的有利工具。

 

Copyright © 2004-2022 Newdu.com All Rights Reserved
更新时间:2024/12/24 22:05:17