ration.

Brit.

/ˈreɪʃɪəʊ/, U.S.

/ˈreɪʃ(i)oʊ/

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin ratiō.

Etymology: < classical Latin ratiō act of reckoning, calculation, proportion, relation, act or process of reasoning, explanation, reason, descriptive account, faculty of reason, guiding principle, consideration, manner, method, in post-classical Latin also purveyance of food (9th cent.), motto (from late 14th cent. in British sources) < rat- , past participial stem of rērī to think, perhaps originally to count (of uncertain origin) + -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare earlier ration n., reason n.¹, and also earlier rational adj.It has often been suggested that classical Latin ratiō originally denoted ‘account’ and developed further senses especially in the language of rhetoric and of philosophy partly by association with ancient Greek λόγος (see Logos n.) as this word also denotes both ‘account’ and ‘reason’.

1. The faculty of logical or discursive reasoning (see discursive adj. 1). rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > understanding > reason, faculty of reasoning > process of reasoning, ratiocination > [noun] > power of

ratioa1586

ratiocination1615

a1586 Sir P. Sidney Apol. Poetrie (1595) sig. G3 If Oratio, next to Ratio, Speech next to Reason, bee the greatest gyft bestowed vpon mortalitie.

1969 T. F. Torrance Theol. Sci. (1978) ii. 77 It [sc. the active intellect] operates along with the discursive power of ratio (in abstraction, comparison, inference etc.).

†a. A reason, a rationale; an underlying or fundamental reason. Usually with of. Cf. earlier ration n. 1. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > causation > cause or reason > [noun] > fundamental reason or logical basis

reasona1425

rational1621

ratio1638

rationality1646

rationale1651

predicate1832

1638 J. Mede Reverence Gods House 18 The true Ratio therefore of this Shecinah or Speciality of divine presence must be sought.

1644 R. Williams Blovdy Tenent xciv. 141 It is an evill speech of some, that in some things the will of the Law, not the ratio of it, must be the Rule of Conscience to walke by.

1680 R. L'Estrange Citt & Bumpkin 38 You must not take it that all Governments are alike; but the Ratio of all Governments is the same in some Cases.

1716 D. Ryder Diary 17 Apr. (1939) (modernized text) 221 He had been now..employing himself in the thoughts of writing a letter to Lord Chief Justice in which he gives him the reason of his choice and the ratio of his life.

1752 W. Warburton Serm. i, in Wks. (1811) IX. 16 Now, in this consists the ratio and essential ground of the Gospel-doctrine.

1772 C. Fleming Disc. Three Essent. Prop. Gospel-revelation i. 15 This will be yet more conspicuous, as we investigate the ratio, or ground of the oneness of body and spirit.

b. Law. Short for ratio decidendi n.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > judging > [noun] > principle underlying decision

ratio decidendi1689

ratio1748

1748 Petition R. Agnew of Sheuchan 2 There is another ratio in the Interlocutor, arising from the Father's having died intestate.

1782 W. Ross Disc. Removing of Tenants 52 According to the ratio of the decision, the warning already made must have been sustained.

1964 G. Abrahams Police Questioning & Judges' Rules i. 20 Therein, it is submitted, is the ratio of that decision against the admissibility of statements.

1977 Times 23 Dec. 18/5 That restricted definition was unnecessary for the ratio of that decision.

1988 Advocate (Vancouver, Brit. Columbia) Nov. 997/1 The ratio of the Rivtow case..would seem to apply equally to defective buildings in cases like the present one.

a. The relation between two magnitudes in respect of quantity, esp. as determined by the number of times that one contains the other (= geometrical ratio n. 1). inverse ratio: see inverse adj. 3a. Cf. rate n.¹ 4 and ration n. 2.Usually expressed in terms of the smallest integers between which the same relationship hold. Thus 20 and 100 are in described as in the ratio 1 to 5, rather than 2 to 10 or 4 to 20. The geometrical ratio was formerly contrasted with the arithmetical ratio, the amount by which one magnitude exceeds another (= difference n.¹ 4a).alternate, anharmonic, compound, duplicate ratio, etc.: see the first element.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > ratio or proportion > [noun]

reason?c1400

rate1614

ration1653

ratio1660

logistic numbers1728

1660 tr. I. Barrow Euclide's Elements v. 91 Ratio (or rate) is the mutuall habitude or respect of two magnitudes of the same kind each to other, according to quantity.

1706 W. Jones Synopsis Palmariorum Matheseos 56 When two Ratio's are equal, the Terms that Compose them are said to be Geometrically Proportional.

1772 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra II. lxviii. 345 The ratio..is exactly one to a hundred.

1854 D. Brewster More Worlds iv. 70 The matter of Jupiter is much lighter than the matter of our Earth, in the ratio of 24 to 100.

1884 tr. H. Lotze Logic 114 Heat expands all bodies, but the ratios of the degree of expansion to an equal increase of temperature are different in different bodies.

1918 Amer. Naturalist 52 249 The ratio of the number of these new combinations (5) to the total number of germ cells (12) is the cross-over ratio; in this case the cross-over ratio is ⁵/ ₁₂, or 0.417.

1940 J. F. Kennedy Why England Slept ii. 37 It was not until the beginning of 1939 that..the ratio of fighters to bombers raised to three to five.

1989 A. Stevenson Bitter Fame iv. 64 A ratio of ten or more men to every woman meant that Sylvia was, if anything, over-provided with escorts.

b. gen. A proportional relationship between things not precisely measurable.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > relationship > [noun] > proportion or ratio

numbera1387

proportiona1387

compassc1400

quantity1556

proport1565

Numb.1653

scale1662

ratio1663

ration1728

1663 R. L'Estrange Toleration Discuss'd xi. 64 Now if Power be a Divine Ordinance, so consequently is Subjection; for, to Imagine the One without the Other, were to Destroy the Ratio of Relatives.

1725 F. Hutcheson Inq. Ideas Beauty & Virtue i. ii. 16 What we call Beautiful in Objects, to speak in the Mathematical Style, seems to be in a Compound Ratio of Uniformity and Variety.

1751 T. Smollett Peregrine Pickle I. xxvii. 207 You must allow that passion acts upon the human mind, in a ratio compounded of the acuteness of sense, and constitutional heat.

1780 T. Holcroft Alwyn I. vi. 78 It is a theorem, that admits of mathematical demonstration, that the propagation of the human species is accelerated in the direct ratio of the mutual attraction that subsists between the two sexes.

1808 R. Southey Select. from Lett. (1856) II. 66 Wishes to appropriate to himself the reputation which he had only a right to share, and that in no great ratio.

1820 C. Lamb in London Mag. Aug. 145/1 Executorships..which excited his spleen or soothed his vanity in equal ratios.

1885 Athenæum 19 Dec. 811/1 A multiplicity of publications is often in an inverse ratio to a dissemination of sound knowledge.

1920 Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. 25 676 No responsible estimate of the ratio of Christian influence during these recent years could rate it higher than mild mitigation of some of the evils of war and war times, and contributing stimulus to some of the meliorating activities incident to war.

1994 H. Bloom Western Canon ii. ii. 55 There is an inverse ratio, a little beyond our analytical skills, between Shakespeare's virtual colorlessness and his preternatural dramatic powers.

c. Economics. The quantitative relation in which one metal stands to another in respect of their value as money or legal tender. Cf. gold standard n. 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > money > value of money > [noun] > relative value of coins or metals

ratea1513

ration1653

ratio1771

rating1841

parity1895

basket of currencies1973

1771 H. Lloyd Ess. Theory of Money x. 96 Where various metals are current, the prince could not fix the quantity of taxes without settling at the same time the ratio between such metals, whether he receives them by weight, or by nominal quantities.

1879 E. Cazalet Bimetallism 26 Such a fixed ratio is eminently desirable for the welfare of all civilized nations.

1881 Evart in S. D. Horton Silver Pound (1887) 309 The adoption of the ratio of 15½ to 1, would accomplish the..object with less disturbance in the monetary systems..than any other ratio.

1934 Times 23 May 10/1 (heading) Monetary stock to be increased. 1–3 ratio with gold.

1950 B. D. Meritt et al. Athenian Tribute Lists III. iii. x. 333 The value of the gold from the statue of Athena, at the current ratio of gold to silver (14:1), was 560 talents, but this was named as a rock-bottom reserve only.

2004 B. Ingham Internat. Econ. x. 180 The official gold-silver ratio in Britain was always more favourable to gold rather than to silver.

†4. = ration n. 3a. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > giving > distributing or dealing out > an allotted share, portion, or part > [noun] > definite or fixed

liveryc1330

allowance1440

stint1447

ordinary1481

measure1552

dimensum1631

plotment1634

limitage1635

scantling1660

ratio1751

sizing1823

ration1915

1751 J. Kippax tr. J. de Uztáriz Theory & Pract. Commerce & Maritime Affairs I. xlviii. 230 You shall also provide, that so long as they shall be detained in prison..they be supplied with a ratio of bread, weighing 24 ounces of Castile, and four quartos per day.

1761 L. Sterne Life Tristram Shandy III. xxxviii. 185 A cow..eat up two ratios and half of dried grass.

1806 A. Duncan Life Nelson 51 The Governor..furnished the..invaders with a ratio of biscuit and wine.

1824 C. Lamb in London Mag. Nov. 481/2 Sliding a slender ratio of Single Gloucester upon his wife's plate.

Compounds

ratio detector n. Electronics a type of FM demodulator commonly used in FM receivers, with two output voltages such that their sum is constant and their ratio (rather than their difference) is proportional to the ratio of the two applied frequency-dependent voltages.The result is that insensitivity to changes in amplitude is not confined to the carrier frequency.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electronics > electronic devices or components > [noun] > detector

resonator1883

detector1894

crystal detector1908

ratio detector1947

slope detector1958

1947 RCA Rev. 8 201 A new circuit for f-m detection known as the ratio detector is coming into wide use.

1965 Wireless World July 8 (advt.) Printed circuit for I.F. amplifiers and ratio detector.

1999 Rev. Sci. Instruments 70 4685/2 The two-phase ratio detector circuit..for making..fluorescence lifetime measurements is shown.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	ratio
释义	ration. Brit. /ˈreɪʃɪəʊ/, U.S. /ˈreɪʃ(i)oʊ/ Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin ratiō. Etymology: < classical Latin ratiō act of reckoning, calculation, proportion, relation, act or process of reasoning, explanation, reason, descriptive account, faculty of reason, guiding principle, consideration, manner, method, in post-classical Latin also purveyance of food (9th cent.), motto (from late 14th cent. in British sources) < rat- , past participial stem of rērī to think, perhaps originally to count (of uncertain origin) + -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare earlier ration n., reason n.¹, and also earlier rational adj.It has often been suggested that classical Latin ratiō originally denoted ‘account’ and developed further senses especially in the language of rhetoric and of philosophy partly by association with ancient Greek λόγος (see Logos n.) as this word also denotes both ‘account’ and ‘reason’. 1. The faculty of logical or discursive reasoning (see discursive adj. 1). rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > understanding > reason, faculty of reasoning > process of reasoning, ratiocination > [noun] > power of ratioa1586 ratiocination1615 a1586 Sir P. Sidney Apol. Poetrie (1595) sig. G3 If Oratio, next to Ratio, Speech next to Reason, bee the greatest gyft bestowed vpon mortalitie. 1969 T. F. Torrance Theol. Sci. (1978) ii. 77 It [sc. the active intellect] operates along with the discursive power of ratio (in abstraction, comparison, inference etc.). 2. †a. A reason, a rationale; an underlying or fundamental reason. Usually with of. Cf. earlier ration n. 1. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > causation > cause or reason > [noun] > fundamental reason or logical basis reasona1425 rational1621 ratio1638 rationality1646 rationale1651 predicate1832 1638 J. Mede Reverence Gods House 18 The true Ratio therefore of this Shecinah or Speciality of divine presence must be sought. 1644 R. Williams Blovdy Tenent xciv. 141 It is an evill speech of some, that in some things the will of the Law, not the ratio of it, must be the Rule of Conscience to walke by. 1680 R. L'Estrange Citt & Bumpkin 38 You must not take it that all Governments are alike; but the Ratio of all Governments is the same in some Cases. 1716 D. Ryder Diary 17 Apr. (1939) (modernized text) 221 He had been now..employing himself in the thoughts of writing a letter to Lord Chief Justice in which he gives him the reason of his choice and the ratio of his life. 1752 W. Warburton Serm. i, in Wks. (1811) IX. 16 Now, in this consists the ratio and essential ground of the Gospel-doctrine. 1772 C. Fleming Disc. Three Essent. Prop. Gospel-revelation i. 15 This will be yet more conspicuous, as we investigate the ratio, or ground of the oneness of body and spirit. b. Law. Short for ratio decidendi n. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > judging > [noun] > principle underlying decision ratio decidendi1689 ratio1748 1748 Petition R. Agnew of Sheuchan 2 There is another ratio in the Interlocutor, arising from the Father's having died intestate. 1782 W. Ross Disc. Removing of Tenants 52 According to the ratio of the decision, the warning already made must have been sustained. 1964 G. Abrahams Police Questioning & Judges' Rules i. 20 Therein, it is submitted, is the ratio of that decision against the admissibility of statements. 1977 Times 23 Dec. 18/5 That restricted definition was unnecessary for the ratio of that decision. 1988 Advocate (Vancouver, Brit. Columbia) Nov. 997/1 The ratio of the Rivtow case..would seem to apply equally to defective buildings in cases like the present one. 3. a. The relation between two magnitudes in respect of quantity, esp. as determined by the number of times that one contains the other (= geometrical ratio n. 1). inverse ratio: see inverse adj. 3a. Cf. rate n.¹ 4 and ration n. 2.Usually expressed in terms of the smallest integers between which the same relationship hold. Thus 20 and 100 are in described as in the ratio 1 to 5, rather than 2 to 10 or 4 to 20. The geometrical ratio was formerly contrasted with the arithmetical ratio, the amount by which one magnitude exceeds another (= difference n.¹ 4a).alternate, anharmonic, compound, duplicate ratio, etc.: see the first element. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > ratio or proportion > [noun] reason?c1400 rate1614 ration1653 ratio1660 logistic numbers1728 1660 tr. I. Barrow Euclide's Elements v. 91 Ratio (or rate) is the mutuall habitude or respect of two magnitudes of the same kind each to other, according to quantity. 1706 W. Jones Synopsis Palmariorum Matheseos 56 When two Ratio's are equal, the Terms that Compose them are said to be Geometrically Proportional. 1772 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra II. lxviii. 345 The ratio..is exactly one to a hundred. 1854 D. Brewster More Worlds iv. 70 The matter of Jupiter is much lighter than the matter of our Earth, in the ratio of 24 to 100. 1884 tr. H. Lotze Logic 114 Heat expands all bodies, but the ratios of the degree of expansion to an equal increase of temperature are different in different bodies. 1918 Amer. Naturalist 52 249 The ratio of the number of these new combinations (5) to the total number of germ cells (12) is the cross-over ratio; in this case the cross-over ratio is ⁵/ ₁₂, or 0.417. 1940 J. F. Kennedy Why England Slept ii. 37 It was not until the beginning of 1939 that..the ratio of fighters to bombers raised to three to five. 1989 A. Stevenson Bitter Fame iv. 64 A ratio of ten or more men to every woman meant that Sylvia was, if anything, over-provided with escorts. b. gen. A proportional relationship between things not precisely measurable. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > [noun] > proportion or ratio numbera1387 proportiona1387 compassc1400 quantity1556 proport1565 Numb.1653 scale1662 ratio1663 ration1728 1663 R. L'Estrange Toleration Discuss'd xi. 64 Now if Power be a Divine Ordinance, so consequently is Subjection; for, to Imagine the One without the Other, were to Destroy the Ratio of Relatives. 1725 F. Hutcheson Inq. Ideas Beauty & Virtue i. ii. 16 What we call Beautiful in Objects, to speak in the Mathematical Style, seems to be in a Compound Ratio of Uniformity and Variety. 1751 T. Smollett Peregrine Pickle I. xxvii. 207 You must allow that passion acts upon the human mind, in a ratio compounded of the acuteness of sense, and constitutional heat. 1780 T. Holcroft Alwyn I. vi. 78 It is a theorem, that admits of mathematical demonstration, that the propagation of the human species is accelerated in the direct ratio of the mutual attraction that subsists between the two sexes. 1808 R. Southey Select. from Lett. (1856) II. 66 Wishes to appropriate to himself the reputation which he had only a right to share, and that in no great ratio. 1820 C. Lamb in London Mag. Aug. 145/1 Executorships..which excited his spleen or soothed his vanity in equal ratios. 1885 Athenæum 19 Dec. 811/1 A multiplicity of publications is often in an inverse ratio to a dissemination of sound knowledge. 1920 Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. 25 676 No responsible estimate of the ratio of Christian influence during these recent years could rate it higher than mild mitigation of some of the evils of war and war times, and contributing stimulus to some of the meliorating activities incident to war. 1994 H. Bloom Western Canon ii. ii. 55 There is an inverse ratio, a little beyond our analytical skills, between Shakespeare's virtual colorlessness and his preternatural dramatic powers. c. Economics. The quantitative relation in which one metal stands to another in respect of their value as money or legal tender. Cf. gold standard n. 2. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > money > value of money > [noun] > relative value of coins or metals ratea1513 ration1653 ratio1771 rating1841 parity1895 basket of currencies1973 1771 H. Lloyd Ess. Theory of Money x. 96 Where various metals are current, the prince could not fix the quantity of taxes without settling at the same time the ratio between such metals, whether he receives them by weight, or by nominal quantities. 1879 E. Cazalet Bimetallism 26 Such a fixed ratio is eminently desirable for the welfare of all civilized nations. 1881 Evart in S. D. Horton Silver Pound (1887) 309 The adoption of the ratio of 15½ to 1, would accomplish the..object with less disturbance in the monetary systems..than any other ratio. 1934 Times 23 May 10/1 (heading) Monetary stock to be increased. 1–3 ratio with gold. 1950 B. D. Meritt et al. Athenian Tribute Lists III. iii. x. 333 The value of the gold from the statue of Athena, at the current ratio of gold to silver (14:1), was 560 talents, but this was named as a rock-bottom reserve only. 2004 B. Ingham Internat. Econ. x. 180 The official gold-silver ratio in Britain was always more favourable to gold rather than to silver. †4. = ration n. 3a. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > giving > distributing or dealing out > an allotted share, portion, or part > [noun] > definite or fixed liveryc1330 allowance1440 stint1447 ordinary1481 measure1552 dimensum1631 plotment1634 limitage1635 scantling1660 ratio1751 sizing1823 ration1915 1751 J. Kippax tr. J. de Uztáriz Theory & Pract. Commerce & Maritime Affairs I. xlviii. 230 You shall also provide, that so long as they shall be detained in prison..they be supplied with a ratio of bread, weighing 24 ounces of Castile, and four quartos per day. 1761 L. Sterne Life Tristram Shandy III. xxxviii. 185 A cow..eat up two ratios and half of dried grass. 1806 A. Duncan Life Nelson 51 The Governor..furnished the..invaders with a ratio of biscuit and wine. 1824 C. Lamb in London Mag. Nov. 481/2 Sliding a slender ratio of Single Gloucester upon his wife's plate. Compounds ratio detector n. Electronics a type of FM demodulator commonly used in FM receivers, with two output voltages such that their sum is constant and their ratio (rather than their difference) is proportional to the ratio of the two applied frequency-dependent voltages.The result is that insensitivity to changes in amplitude is not confined to the carrier frequency. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electronics > electronic devices or components > [noun] > detector resonator1883 detector1894 crystal detector1908 ratio detector1947 slope detector1958 1947 RCA Rev. 8 201 A new circuit for f-m detection known as the ratio detector is coming into wide use. 1965 Wireless World July 8 (advt.) Printed circuit for I.F. amplifiers and ratio detector. 1999 Rev. Sci. Instruments 70 4685/2 The two-phase ratio detector circuit..for making..fluorescence lifetime measurements is shown. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). ratiov. Brit. /ˈreɪʃɪəʊ/, U.S. /ˈreɪʃ(i)oʊ/ Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: ratio n. Etymology: < ratio n. Compare earlier ratioing n., ratioed adj. transitive. To express as a ratio (to or with something); to subject to ratioing. Also: to come out as or result in (a specified ratio) (rare); to enlarge or reduce by a certain ratio (rare). ΘΚΠ the world > space > extension in space > expansion or enlargement > expand or enlarge [verb (transitive)] > by a certain ratio ratio1928 the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > have specific dimensions [verb (transitive)] > alter scale of ratio1928 scale1954 1928 Lima (Ohio) News 14 June 10/5 Speed ratioed. The fastest horse has run a mile in about 95 seconds; a railway train has covered the distance in 30 seconds..and an airplane in 11 seconds. 1937 Pointer (Riverdale, Illinois) 8 Jan. 1/2 Dolton with its 3,210 people and 21.5 acres of parks, playgrounds and school-grounds, had a ratio of 6.7. Riverdale, with a population of 2,750, and the same number of acres ratioed 7.8. 1942 Jrnl. Marketing 6 No. 4. ii. 130 The whole-magazine visibility percentage of each advertisement is ratioed to its split-issue percentage. 1943 H. T. U. Smith Aerial Photographs viii. 196 Each print which departs from the average scale or shows any apparent tilt is rectified and ‘ratioed’, or corrected for scale, by means of a projection printer. 1979 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) A. 292 116 A first useful step would appear to be to ratio a normal image with an abnormal one. 1997 J. E. Cookson Brit. Armed Nation, 1793–1815 iv. 95 The number of the armed forces is ratioed to the ‘male active population’. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.a1586v.1928
随便看	to be after someone with a sharp stick to be after with a sharp stick to be against to be against the government to be agin the government to be agreeably disappointed to be agreeably surprised to be agreed of to be agunning to be ahead of oneself to be all about to be all cherokee to to be all day to be all day for to be all day for someone to be all day with to be all day with someone to be all ears to be all eyes to be all fingers and thumbs to be all game to be all hat and no cattle to be all heart to be all high dutch to a person to be all in one story

ration.

Compounds

ratiov.