berdachen.

Brit.

/bəːˈdaʃ/, U.S.

/bərˈdæʃ/

Forms: 1800s bardache, 1800s– berdêche (now historical), 1800s–1900s berdash, 1800s– bardash, 1900s– berdache.

Origin: Apparently a borrowing from French. Etymons: French bardache, berdache.

Etymology: Apparently < North American French bardache, †berdache (although this is first attested later: 1841 in the passage translated in quot. 1843), transferred use of French bardache bardash n., probably on account of European associations between transvestism and homosexuality.The forms with -er- reflect regional variation in North American French. Compare Chinook Jargon burdash < either English or (perhaps) French. With quot. 1806 compare the following, slightly earlier passage, in which the same writer gives Berdash as the name of a particular person:1801 A. Henry Jrnl. 2 Jan. (1988) I. 104 Berdash, a Son of the Sucrie, arrived from the Assineboine River... This person is a curious compound between a man and a woman.

Among certain North American Indian peoples: a person (usually a man) who is recognized as having adopted a gender role intermediate between those traditionally associated with men and women (see also quot. 1955). Later also in extended use with reference to other societies. Cf. two-spirited adj. at two adj., n., and adv. Additions.Formerly widely adopted as an anthropological term, but now increasingly regarded as problematic, and avoided.Quot. 1806, although in a North American Indian context, may have been intended as a use of bardash n., but cf. quot. 1801 in the etymology, by the same author.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > wearing clothing > [noun] > wearing clothes associated with opposite sex > person

berdache1806

hijra1838

she-male1842

female impersonator1857

transvestite1911

Eonist1928

transvestist1928

transvestitist1930

drag queen1941

moffie1960

TV1960

shim1973

cross-dresser1976

tranny1979

1806 A. Henry Jrnl. 21 July (1988) I. 236 I am..informed that they..often prefer a young man to a woman, they have also many Berdashes amongst them, to make it their business to satisfy such beastly passions.

1841 G. Catlin Lett. N. Amer. Indians II. lvi. 214 A feast is given to the ‘Berdashe’, as he is called in French, (or I-coo-coo-a, in their own language), who is a man dressed in woman's clothes.

1883 J. A. Symonds Probl. Greek Ethics x. 26 In all these cases—whether we regard the..North American Bardashes, the Tsecats of Madagascar, the Cordaches of the Canadian Indians..and so forth—the characteristic point is that effeminate males renounce their sex, assume female clothes, [etc.].

1906 R. G. Thwaites Early Western Trav. XXIII. 284 The berdash was noted by most early travellers among Western Indians.

1912 Anthrop. Pap. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. IX. 226 Berdaches naturally associate with girls and pretend to have sweethearts among men.

1955 H. Angelino & C. L. Shedd in Amer. Anthropologist 57 125 We propose that berdache be characterized as an individual of a definite physiological sex (male or female) who assumes the role and status of the opposite sex, and who is viewed by the community..as having assumed the role and status of the opposite sex.

1983 C. B. Little Understanding Deviance & Control ii. 54 Among the Siberian Chuckch, a berdache is not only acceptable, but he is regarded by others as a prestigious shaman.

2011 M. C. Gomez-Galisteo in S. Slater & F. A. Yarbrough Gender & Sexuality Indigenous N. Amer. 19 One of the most striking features of Native American life for the Spanish conquistadors in America was the existence of two-spirits, or berdaches.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2018; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	berdache
释义	berdachen. Brit. /bəːˈdaʃ/, U.S. /bərˈdæʃ/ Forms: 1800s bardache, 1800s– berdêche (now historical), 1800s–1900s berdash, 1800s– bardash, 1900s– berdache. Origin: Apparently a borrowing from French. Etymons: French bardache, berdache. Etymology: Apparently < North American French bardache, †berdache (although this is first attested later: 1841 in the passage translated in quot. 1843), transferred use of French bardache bardash n., probably on account of European associations between transvestism and homosexuality.The forms with -er- reflect regional variation in North American French. Compare Chinook Jargon burdash < either English or (perhaps) French. With quot. 1806 compare the following, slightly earlier passage, in which the same writer gives Berdash as the name of a particular person:1801 A. Henry Jrnl. 2 Jan. (1988) I. 104 Berdash, a Son of the Sucrie, arrived from the Assineboine River... This person is a curious compound between a man and a woman. Among certain North American Indian peoples: a person (usually a man) who is recognized as having adopted a gender role intermediate between those traditionally associated with men and women (see also quot. 1955). Later also in extended use with reference to other societies. Cf. two-spirited adj. at two adj., n., and adv. Additions.Formerly widely adopted as an anthropological term, but now increasingly regarded as problematic, and avoided.Quot. 1806, although in a North American Indian context, may have been intended as a use of bardash n., but cf. quot. 1801 in the etymology, by the same author. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > wearing clothing > [noun] > wearing clothes associated with opposite sex > person berdache1806 hijra1838 she-male1842 female impersonator1857 transvestite1911 Eonist1928 transvestist1928 transvestitist1930 drag queen1941 moffie1960 TV1960 shim1973 cross-dresser1976 tranny1979 1806 A. Henry Jrnl. 21 July (1988) I. 236 I am..informed that they..often prefer a young man to a woman, they have also many Berdashes amongst them, to make it their business to satisfy such beastly passions. 1841 G. Catlin Lett. N. Amer. Indians II. lvi. 214 A feast is given to the ‘Berdashe’, as he is called in French, (or I-coo-coo-a, in their own language), who is a man dressed in woman's clothes. 1883 J. A. Symonds Probl. Greek Ethics x. 26 In all these cases—whether we regard the..North American Bardashes, the Tsecats of Madagascar, the Cordaches of the Canadian Indians..and so forth—the characteristic point is that effeminate males renounce their sex, assume female clothes, [etc.]. 1906 R. G. Thwaites Early Western Trav. XXIII. 284 The berdash was noted by most early travellers among Western Indians. 1912 Anthrop. Pap. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. IX. 226 Berdaches naturally associate with girls and pretend to have sweethearts among men. 1955 H. Angelino & C. L. Shedd in Amer. Anthropologist 57 125 We propose that berdache be characterized as an individual of a definite physiological sex (male or female) who assumes the role and status of the opposite sex, and who is viewed by the community..as having assumed the role and status of the opposite sex. 1983 C. B. Little Understanding Deviance & Control ii. 54 Among the Siberian Chuckch, a berdache is not only acceptable, but he is regarded by others as a prestigious shaman. 2011 M. C. Gomez-Galisteo in S. Slater & F. A. Yarbrough Gender & Sexuality Indigenous N. Amer. 19 One of the most striking features of Native American life for the Spanish conquistadors in America was the existence of two-spirits, or berdaches. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2018; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1806
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