| 释义 |
rascaln.adj. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French rascaille. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman rascaile, rascail, raskaile, raskell, raschail, Anglo-Norman and Middle French rascaille, raskaille, Middle French rescaille, rasqualle rabble, common people collectively (c1139 in Anglo-Norman; French racaille ), apparently < an unattested verb *rasquer to scrape (cognate with Spanish rascar : see rasgado n.) + -aille (see -al suffix1).In β. forms perhaps by analogy with other words in final -l with variants ending in -ld (compare e.g. admiral n.), although compare also rascaldry n. A. n. I. Senses relating to a person (or occasionally a thing). 1. society > armed hostility > warrior > camp follower > [noun] > collectively society > society and the community > social class > the common people > low rank or condition > the lowest class > [noun] > the rabble a1382 (Bodl. 959) (1963) 1 Kings vi. 19 He smot..fifty thowsandis of þe raskaile [v.r. raskeyl; a1425 L.V. porail; L. plebis], & þe puple weilede whan þe lord hadde smytyn..þe comun puple. ?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng (Petyt) ii. 276 (MED) Þe route of rascaile [Fr. raskayle] Tille armes gan drawe & dight þam to bataile. c1440 (?a1400) 2881 (MED) So raythely þay rusche with roselde speris That the raskaille was rade and rane to þe grefes. 1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart I. 703 It is nat convenyent that such raskall..sholde be suffred to rule a countrey. 1553 J. Brende tr. Q. Curtius Rufus x. f. 210 Such..as sometime were the rascall of al their citie, & then the refuse of al the outlawes. a1600 J. Melvill (1842) 308 They concitat the multitud and popular crafts and rascall, be thair words. 1819 W. Scott III. x. 251 A score of such rascaille..whom one good knight could drive before him. 1893 C. M. Yonge ii. xv. 20 Methought I had best shift myself ere more rascaille came to strip the slain. society > society and the community > social class > the common people > low rank or condition > the lowest class > [noun] > the rabble > a rabble 1415 T. Hoccleve Addr. to Sir John Oldcastle l. 391 in (1970) i. 20 Yee broken meynee, yee wrecchid rascaille Been al to weyke. a1500 (Rawl.) (1896) 51 (MED) Ne shall neuer nakyd raskayl, thegh they many be, haue myght ne powere vs to wythstond. 1532 T. More Confut. Tyndale in 412/1 Bothe Luther and he..and all the rable of that rascaile, neuer cease to say this. the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > refuse or rubbish > [noun] (Harl. 221) 424 Rascaly, or refuse, where of hyt be, caducum. 1677 E. Coles (new ed.) Raskail, trash. a1450 Terms Assoc. in (1936) 51 604 (MED) A rascalle of boyes. ?1478 (Caxton) (1822) 32 A raskall of boyes. A rafull of knaues. 1677 E. Coles (new ed.) Rascal of Boies, a great Company. 1904 F. Rolfe iv. 106 He smiled at a barelegged rascalt of brown boys who kneeled by one of Bernini's angels. 2. the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > inferior person > [noun] > held in reproach the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > roguery > rogue > [noun] society > morality > moral evil > wickedness > roguery, knavery, or rascalry > [noun] > rogue, knave, or rascal ?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng (Petyt) ii. 117 (MED) He smote his hors with spors & fleih fro þat rascaile. a1439 J. Lydgate (Bodl. 263) ii. 4564 (MED) Crist Iesu may be thi medicyne Geyn such raskaile to saue the. 1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus i. f. 48v He was a feloe of no price, but a villain and a rascall. 1586 A. Day i. sig. F2v There was no rakehell, no ruffian, no knaue, no villain, no cogging raskall,..but his hand was in with him. 1649 E. Nicholas (1886) I. 154 This rascall spake worse then they and more contemptuously of our late blessed king. 1688 R. Holme iii. 311/2 The Whip..is a Punishment inflicted upon all Vagabonds, Wandering Beggars and Idle Rascals. 1709 T. Hearne (1886) II. 197 That the 39 Articles..is cut out of yt Book by some Rascal. 1730 J. Miller ii. i. 27 That Gulliver, Madam, is a sad lying Rascal. 1793 T. Jefferson (1859) IV. 20 The agents of the two people are either great bunglers or great rascals. 1840 R. H. Barham Jackdaw of Rheims in 1st Ser. 220 And the Abbot declared that, ‘when nobody twigg'd it, Some rascal or other had popp'd in, and prigg'd it!’ 1859 W. Collins I. 173 Shifty Dick and the other rascal had been caught, and were in prison. 1921 G. B. Shaw ii. 52 I can find you hundreds of the most sordid rascals, or the most densely stupid reactionaries, with all these qualifications. 1987 R. Mistry 37 You have no shame? Eating her food, earning money from her, then stealing from her, you rascal? 2003 (Nexis) 21 May f6 A Gallery of Saints, Rogues and Rascals... Good-deed-doers and wicked rascals hang cheek by jowl. the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > [noun] > one who steals society > law > rule of law > lawlessness > [noun] > crime > a criminal or law-breaker > gangster > specific 1978 30 Aug. 4/7 ‘Too much drink, too few jobs, too many rascals’ is how New Guinea's problems have been summed up. 1985 24 June 3/3 Seven ‘rascals’—the PNG term for the gangsters..—took part in the attack. 2000 A. Sayle 207 Many of the youths..lacking the most rudimentary knowledge necessary to survive..became marauding ‘rascals’. †3. society > society and the community > social class > the common people > low rank or condition > the lowest class > [noun] > the rabble > one belonging to the rabble c1475 in (Harl. 642) (1790) 66 That the rascals and hangers upon thys courte be sought oute and avoyded from every offyce monethly. a1513 R. Fabyan (1516) II. f. xix The personys whiche entendyd this conspiracy were but of the rascallys of the Cytie. 1561 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin Table of Script. Quot. Hee..made priests of the rascals of the people. 1600 sig. E3 I am halfe strangled with the Garlicke breath, Of rascals that exclaimes as I passe by. 1640 H. Glapthorne iv. i. sig. F4v Make not your selves meere raskalls. 1674 D. Brevint 304 Catholics may look on us all, like so many poor Raskals, who have none of these Jewels. 1723 S. Centlivre v. 86 Since this Fellow proves a mere Plebeian, he is a worthless Rascal. 1792 T. Holcroft II. xxvi. 99 Your poor rascals here are kept in very proper subjection. 1869 E. E. Hale 179 [I could] have as much for the poor-box, or any poor rascal that had not thriven as well as I. society > armed hostility > warrior > camp follower > [noun] 1539 R. Morison tr. Frontinus ii. iv. sig. Eviii Marcellus fearyng, lest the cry of his souldiours, shuld disclose the smal nombre of them, commaunded the drudges, horse kepers, and all the rascalles, that folowed the host, to make noyse and crye to gether. 1552 King Edward VI Jrnl. in (Roxb.) II. 420 About 20,000 footmen, and 8000 horsmen, wel appointed, besides rascalles. a1604 M. Hanmer Chron. Ireland 28 in J. Ware (1633) They placed their rascals on their jades, nagges, and labouring garrons. a1634 ‘J. Read’ tr. G. Buchanan 263 An number of rascalls and scullions following the campe. 1687 P. Rycaut (ed. 6) I. 99/2 We may..account the Ottoman Force to consist of a Hundred eighty Thousand effective fighting Men,..with a vast number of Rascals, and Rabble following the Camp. 1766 R. Rogers i. ii. 10 By Jove, we'll ease the Rascals of their Packs. 1853 G. P. Cameron 57 I..made my way to the gates, into which camp-followers and rascals of every kind were now pouring in crowds. society > morality > moral evil > wickedness > roguery, knavery, or rascalry > [noun] > playful or mischievous roguery > young or playful rogue 1601 B. Jonson ii. iii. sig. E2v Lorenzo; now on my soule welcome; how doest thou sweet raskall? my Genius? View more context for this quotation 1661 R. Davenport ii. 14 I will so hug the sweet rascal that thinks every hour ten, till I come yonder! 1698 J. Fryer 34 A set of these Rascals..in a Week's time with this Load shall run down their choicest Horses. 1747 B. Hoadly iii. iii. 42 By all my Wishes she is a charming Woman! Lucky Rascal! 1786 H. Cowley i. i. 11 An impudent young rascal six feet and a half high; who upon such authority as husbands are obliged to take, calls me father. 1837 C. Dickens xxviii. 299 Half a dozen curly-headed little rascals. 1899 W. E. Norris iv You are a lucky rascal, and I wish..I were in your shoes. 1934 ‘N. Bell’ ix. 180 He..said the ed. fellow was an old rascal. 1935 G. Blake iii. 85 'Rascal!' he twitted her, tapping her cheek with his finger. 1979 R. P. Graves (1981) vi. 114 An engaging rascal, with an eye for the main chance. 2006 (Nexis) 28 Aug. 5 Oh, you cute little rascal. †II. Senses relating to an animal. 5. the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > male > [noun] > young, lean, or inferior > collectively c1425 Edward, Duke of York (Vesp. B.xii) (1904) 6 .He haþ ynowe to doon to ryde or foot wel wiþ his houndes..and redresse and brynge his houndys in to þe ryght whan þei han evoised and fallen [perh. read fallen on] Rascaile. c1474 in J. B. Sheppard (1877) 26 (MED) For lak of dier it [sc. hunting] must now be forboren unto the tyme that more Raskell may grow. c1475 (c1399) (Cambr. Ll.4.14) (1936) ii. 129 (MED) Whanne ȝoure hauntelere-dere where all ytakyn, Was non of þe rasskayle aredy full growe. 1575 G. Gascoigne xxviii. 73 In Januarie they leaue hearding with rascal, & accompany themselues three or foure hartes togither. 1607 J. Norden iii. 114 What Deere hath the Lord of this Mannor in his Parke, red and fallow; how many of Antler, and how many rascall. the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > male > [noun] > young, lean, or inferior 1522 Warrant in I. H. Jeayes (1892) 206 All the male dear and all other Rasscalls except the Hyndes. 1526 f. ix v When they came to a place where they thought they shold haue game, they..poyntyd thys welchman to stand by a tre..and bad hym in any wyse to take hede that he shot at no raskall. a1568 R. Ascham (1570) i. f. 19 A Father, that doth let louse his son, to all experiences, is most like a fond Hunter, that letteth slippe a whelpe to the hole herde. Twentie to one, he shall fall vpon a rascall, and let go the faire game. 1612 M. Drayton xiii. 215 The Bucks and lusty Stags amongst the Rascalls strew'd. 1631 B. Jonson Staple of Newes iii. ii. 310 in II A new Parke is a making there, to seuer Cuckolds of Antler, from the Rascalls. ?c1663 B. Whitelocke (1990) 138 They brake down his Parke Pale, killed most of his deere though rascalls & carrions. 1785 J. Pinkerton xxvi. 174 Doll could not speak but in the language of the forest! Rascal does not signify rascal, but lean deer! the world > animals > family unit > [noun] > young animal the world > animals > animals collectively > [noun] > herd or flock > inferior member of herd the world > animals > animal body > [noun] > unhealthy animal > weak or thin 1530 J. Palsgrave 260/2 Rascall, refuse beest, refus. 1576 A. Fleming tr. J. Caius 42 Some be called, fine dogs, some course, other some mungrels or rascalls. 1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach iii. f. 126v When you perceaue that shee is Horsing, away with the raskall, & put to your Stalion. 1678 J. P. tr. J. Johnstone ii. iii. 35/1 If they [sc. sheep] eat Calamogrostis, it makes them thirsty, lean and rascalls, and draws blood up into their stomack. 1713 13 May 2/2 A lean hungry-look'd Rascal. 1869 J. C. Atkinson Rascal, a lean animal. 1486 sig. ei (MED) I shall yow tell which be beestys of enchace..other beestys all, Where so ye hem fynde, Rascall ye shall hem call. B. adj. 1. society > society and the community > social class > the common people > low rank or condition > the lowest class > [adjective] > belonging to the rabble a1450 (Richardson 44) (1884) 43 (MED) O how blessed schal I þan be whan þe folye of þe rascayl puple schal worschepe me wyth veyn fables. 1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus I. Mark i. f. 11 He that purifieth al thinges, came as one of the raskall sort. 1587 A. Golding tr. Solinus lxiv. sig. E.eiv The number of toes maketh the difference betweene the nobler and the rascaller sorte. 1634 T. Herbert 75 Requested..his death might be giuen him, by such a Heroicke hand as his, rather then perish by the rascall multitude. 1667 M. Poole 104 Those corporal pains, which the rascal herd must suffer without bail or main-prise. a1681 J. Lacy (1684) i. i. 6 Y'are a Rascal Uncle. Lying is one of the Liberal Sciences, and is the eminent'st profession in the world but Poetry. 1738 J. Thomson v. i. 62 The lewd Reproaches of the rascal Herd. 1793 J. Orrell 137 Strange to behold..The rascal rabble, weeping at his grave. 1819 W. Scott II. xiii. 252 Marshalling the farther troop of the rascaille yeomen. 1875 Ld. Tennyson ii. ii. 77 To..yield Full scope to persons rascal and forlorn. 1957 M. Bernstein in H. Goldberg i. 27 Rascal politicians bought out lawyers who had to choose between lucrative malpractice and thankless honesty. 1998 (Nexis) 7 Sept. 31 Salesmen entice their clients into..personal pensions but nobody seems to argue Gordon Brown has done more to damage pension funds..than rascal salesmen. society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > common soldier > [adjective] ?1535 tr. Erasmus sig. Bv We therfore leauyng that thyng to other men, whiche requireth an excellent warriour: haue taken vnto our selfe the perte of a rascall souldiour. 1578 A. Golding tr. Justinus xiii. f. 68 Ptolomy, whome Alexander for his manhode and valiauntnesse had promoted from a raskall [1570 common] souldioure. 1602 sig. Dv (stage direct.) A company of rascall Soldiers came heere pursuing the Ladie. 1687 P. Rycaut (ed. 6) I. 446/1 Barbarussa..would in a great bravery..bring all his Forces into the Field, of purpose to terrifie the Christians with the sight of the multitude of his rascal Souldiers. the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > roguery > [adjective] society > morality > moral evil > wickedness > roguery, knavery, or rascalry > [adjective] 1566 T. Stapleton iii. 121 No sadde writinge, but a rascal wrangling. 1618 G. Wither Wither's Motto in (1633) 531 The Rascall humours of the vaine And giddy multitude. 1678 T. Shipman iii. iv. 38 Two Rascal lives makes not the purchase good..For one small drop of Charlemain's rich blood. 1708 N. Tate tr. Ovid in N. Tate & A. Hill tr. Ovid 3 Why Spawn of Sysiphus..With Rascal Blood, dost Thou attempt to Stain Æacides's yet untainted Strain? 1793 C. Smith IV. vi. 139 The most detestable character in Pandæmonium, where..every rascal vice, concealed by cowardice and cunning, are mingled with arrogance, malice, and cruelty. 1867 W. D. Howells 162 In the rascal streets in the neighborhood. 1894 F. S. Ellis 203 A holy life I'm always choosing, But rascal ways find more amusing. 1938 W. de la Mare 90 He shook his rascal head, Its curls by the lamp-shine gilt. the mind > attention and judgement > importance > unimportance > [adjective] > paltry, mean, or contemptible the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > wretchedness > wretched thing > [adjective] 1519 W. Horman xvii. f. 160v This is but rochel and rascall wyne. 1585 A. Golding tr. P. Mela 54 It is but a rascall banke all stonie. 1592 H. Wotton Let. 8 May in (1685) 652 The streight and rascal Dyet of that Town in Lent. 1612 T. James (new ed.) i. 55 Such rude, rascall and foolish stuffe, in steed of manie learned Treatises. 1748 H. Walpole 26 May (1846) II. 211 On what rascal foundations were built all the pretences to virtue which were set up in opposition to him. 1909 A. Bierce IV. 357 Why ask me, Gastrogogue, to dine, (Unless to praise your rascal wine). 2004 (Nexis) 3 Dec. The cellar master..was distressed to find bubbles in a batch of chardonnay... He turned his attention to blending..to make this rascal wine more palatable. the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > male > [adjective] > of a certain size or age 1576 A. Fleming tr. J. Caius 34 Curres of the mungrell and rascall sort. 1602 ii. v. 882 I causd the Keeper to seuer the rascall Deere, from the Buckes of the first head. 1653 I. Walton i. 15 How will a right Greyhound fix his eye on the best Buck in a herd..and follow him and him only through a whole herd of rascal game. 1660 F. Brooke tr. V. Le Blanc 185 Laying some raschal sheep or goat for a bait. 1664 G. Etherege v. iv. 84 Lest some old Wood-man drop in by chance, And discover th' art but a rascall Deer. 1684 T. Guidott 21 Such Rascal Deer do aft outly the Vale. 1714 A. Stringer i. 30 When Hounds change their Game, they run Change, or if Rascal Deer; they run Rascal. 1751 E. Lewis vi. 114 If he [sc. an English Papist] does not adore holy and venerable Images, he is..liable to pick'd up by every proling Devil, that walks about the Purlieu, in hopes to meet with some such Rascal Deer, as will not be kept within the Bounds prescribed. a1845 T. Hood (1854) I. 85 Scrubs, shabbies, rascal deer of the herd. 1908 J. Davidson 69 His mongrels tore Him down and killed him for a rascal stag. Derivatives 1576 A. Fleming tr. C. Hegendorphinus in 383 His opprobrious speaches, and rascallike raylinges. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) iv. ii. 49 If we be English Deere, be then in blood, Not Rascall-like to fall downe with a pinch. View more context for this quotation 1652 J. Wadsworth tr. P. de Sandoval iii. xxxiv. 183 That was one of the poorest and vilest revenges upon earth, and wch suit's with none but rascal-like & unworthie dispositions. 1711 J. Spinke 2 'Twould not be for your Interest still to insult your Betters with scandalous Stories, invented (Rascal like) by your self. 1781 T. Pasley Jrnl. 30 Mar. in (1931) 130 He framed a thousand lies and Rascal-like beg'd hard for the Men to remain. 1962 M. Sonnenfield tr. H. von Kleist i. ii. 13 His looks, his height, his manner are all mine, He even has my rascal-like expression. 2007 (Nexis) 23 Mar. (Metro section) 17 There's a measure of legitimacy to her rascal-like ways. Sovereign..grew up in London's notorious Chalkhill Estate housing project. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online June 2022). rascalv. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: rascal n. the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > invective or abuse > abuse [verb (transitive)] > call names > specific 1598 sig. I2v What cares a Gentleman now adayes, to knaue and rascall his Man at euery worde? 1664 J. Scudamore 27 If you please you may Berogue and rascall him all day. 1683 T. Hunt 25 The Poet hath undertaken for their being kicked..about the Stage to the Gallows, infamously rogued and rascalled. 1743 H. Fielding Jonathan Wild ii. iii, in III. 122 She be-knaved, be-rascalled, be-rogued the unhappy Hero, who stood silent, confounded with Astonishment.] 2. 1836 D. Crockett 10 I was completely rascalled out of my election. 1858 5 Oct. Does he not know something about the Machinery by which the Doctor was rascalled out of the nomination? 2005 (Nexis) 8 Jan. r8 He gets the title wrong, but we all know the dog he's talking about: the mutt who rascalled his way into the national consciousness. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  n.adj.a1382 v.1598 |
