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单词 rampion
释义

rampionn.1

Forms: 1500s rampyon.
Origin: Of unknown origin.
Etymology: Origin unknown. Perhaps compare later rampion n.2
Obsolete. rare.
A particular kind or colour (not identified) of wine.
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the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > wine > types of wine > [noun] > other types of wine
myrrhed winec1429
tyre1429
rochec1440
rospeys1440
raspis?a1450
caprika1475
garnade?c1475
whippetc1500
rampion?1520
Ribadavia1542
romanisk1542
Mountrosec1560
raspis wine1562
whippincrusta1593
charneco1594
absinthites1601
pitch wine1601
myrrh wine1609
wine of astonishment1611
deal1613
Sherant1620
Sheranino1632
Grecoa1660
Langoon1674
generousa1717
Massic1751
rasped wine1823
straw wine1824
vin de paille1833
vin jaune1833
vino tierno1911
mistelle1924
rancio1939
boerwyn1947
?1520 J. Rastell Nature .iiii. Element sig. Bvv Ye shall haue spayneshe wyne & gascoyn Rose coloure whyt claret rampyon.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

rampionn.2

Brit. /ˈrampɪən/, U.S. /ˈræmpiən/
Origin: Probably either (i) a borrowing from Dutch. Or (ii) a borrowing from German. Or (iii) a borrowing from a Romance language.
Etymology: Probably < the name of the plant in either Dutch, German, or a Romance language, with insertion of homorganic nasal or alteration of the ending after campion n.2, pompion n. Compare Italian raperonzolo (1345; also (originally regional: Central) raponzolo (a1544), (regional: chiefly Northern) ramponzolo (1598 in Florio, or earlier)), of uncertain origin (see note), and compare also (probably all ultimately < Italian) Old Occitan raponcha (1490; Occitan raponchon bellflower, reponchon denoting various other plants, including those of the genus Phyteuma), Catalan repunxó (1575 as rapunxons , plural), Middle French, French raiponce (1564; c1455 as response ; influenced by Middle French raiz root: see race n.2), Spanish †ruponce (1505), ruiponce (a1541, with alteration after a personal name), †raponce (1606), (now usually) rapónchigo (early 19th cent. or earlier; influenced by ruipóntigo a species of rhubarb: see rhapontic n.), Dutch †raponcelen , plural (1543), †rapuntzele (1546), †raponce (1608), etc. (now rapunzel , (more usually) rapunzelklokje , and (with diminutive suffix) raponsje ; at least partly < German), Middle Low German (rare) rapuntzel , German Rapunzel (early 16th cent. as †rabintzlen (plural), †rapänzele (plural); probably < an Italian regional form), and post-classical Latin rapunculum , rapunculus , rapontium , rapuntium (frequently in 16th-cent. Dutch and German sources), rapuntiolum (1564 in a French source), which is used by 16th- and 17th-cent. botanists to denote both the bellflower and several related plants (see note at sense 2).Although the medial -m- of the English word is paralleled in northern Italian dialects, where forms in ramp- are widely attested (see O. Penzig Flora popolare italiana (1924) 90), direct Italian influence seems unlikely. The same is true of similar forms in Occitan (where they are attested in the sense ‘bellflower’ from a1636 (†rampoucho ), although rare before the 19th cent., and show either shift of the homorganic nasal to the first syllable, or perhaps alteration after rampar ramp v.1) and Franco-Provençal (where they are attested in the sense ‘lamb's lettuce’ from the 18th cent., and represent borrowings < Italian regional (Piedmont) rampòn ); see further Französisches etymol. Wörterbuch at rapum. The Italian word has frequently been regarded as a derivative (formed with several suffixes) of rapa rape n.5 (see further Französisches etymol. Wörterbuch at rapum), but recent authoritative dictionaries of Italian consider this more likely to be a folk etymology (see e.g. M. Cortelazzo & P. Zolli Diz. etimol. della lingua italiana (ed. 2, 1999) at raperonzolo). Although post-classical Latin rapunculum, etc., has sometimes been suggested as the ulterior etymon of the plant name, it is much more likely to be an adaptation of one or more vernacular forms, given its late attestation and close formal resemblance to the latter. For an alternative, but unlikely, suggested etymology see E. Gamillscheg Etym. Wörterbuch der französischen Sprache (ed. 2, 1969) at mâche.
1. The bellflower Campanula rapunculus (family Campanulaceae) (now more fully rampion bellflower); (also) the edible white root of this plant.
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the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > vegetables > root vegetable > [noun] > other root vegetables
skirret1338
pease earthnut1548
skirret-root1565
rampion1573
Tragopogon1578
oca1604
tuckahoe1612
groundnut1636
sedge-root1648
breadroot1756
tannia1756
rush nut1783
wapato1796
cous1806
vegetable oyster1806
prairie turnip1811
prairie potato1828
murnong1836
Tartarian bread1836
biscuitroot1837
yam-bean1864
tiger-nut1887
wasabi1903
ramp1946
sunchoke1955
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > bellflowers > rampion
rampion1573
ramps1598
reponce1693
1573 T. Tusser Fiue Hundreth Points Good Husbandry (new ed.) f. 39v Herbes & rootes, for sallets & sawce... Radish..Rampions... Rockat.
1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball v. xxxv. 597 The Rampion [Fr. Raiponce; Du. Raponcelen] eaten with vinegar and salt stirreth up appetite or meate-lust.
1622 M. Drayton 2nd Pt. Poly-olbion xx. 12 The Rampion rare..the hardly gotten Gourd.
1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. vi. 111 The first, is a deep dented Bell-Flower... Of this kind is the Rampion, or Bell-Flower; which is blewish, with a long Stile or pointil in the middle.
1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique at Saller Others mingle Endives, Succory and Rampions without Distinction.
1785 T. Martyn tr. J.-J. Rousseau Lett. Elements Bot. xvi. 193 Rampion, which was formerly cultivated for its roots to eat in sallads.
1820 L. Hunt tr. F. Sacchetti in Indicator 19 Apr. 224 The rampions grow so thickly.
1883 St. James's Gaz. 20 Dec. 2/2 The rampion..with its roots shining as ivory and its flavour recalling the filbert.
1917 F. Crissey Story of Foods vii. 130 The rampion is a plant that looks something like the turnip, its leaves and white roots being used for salads.
1994 R. Mabey Flora Britannica 338/1 Rampion bellflower, C. rapunculus, is a European species, once cultivated for its edible tubers, known as ‘rampions’, and naturalised in a few damp waste patches in south-east England.
2. Any of various related plants of the family Campanulaceae.Rampion and wild bellflower were used as the English names of plants called rapunculus or rapuntium by pre-Linnaean botanists; Linnaeus assigned most of these to the genera named below.
a. Any of various plants of the genera Campanula, Jasione, and Lobelia. Chiefly with distinguishing word. Obsolete.
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the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > bellflowers > lobelia or cardinal flower
rampion1578
cardinal flower1629
scarlet cardinal-flower1698
blue cardinal flower1723
lobelia1739
syphilitic lobelia1786
bloody cardinal1851
scarlet lobelia1874
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > bellflowers
bell-flower1578
bluebell1578
Canterbury bells1578
Coventry bells1578
Coventry Marians1578
Coventry rapes1578
fair-in-sight1578
gauntlet1578
haskwort1578
Marian's violet1578
throatwort1578
lady's looking glass1597
mariet1597
Mercury's violet1597
peach-bells1597
steeple bells1597
uvula-wort1597
Venus looking-glass1597
campanula1664
Spanish bell1664
corn-violet1665
rampion1688
Venus' glass1728
harebell1767
heath-bell1805
witch bell1808
slipperwort1813
meadow-bell1827
greygle1844
platycodon1844
lady's thimble1853
kikyo1884
witches' bells1884
balloon flower1901
fairy thimble1914
mountain bell1923
1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball v. xxxv. 596 The Marians Violet and the Gauntelet..are also of the kindes of Rampions [Du. Raponcelen; no corresponding text in French].
1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. 67/2 The Rock Rampions, or the Steeple Bell-flower.
1724 J. J. Dillenius Ray's Synopsis Methodica Stirpium Brit. (ed. 3) 278 Hairy Sheeps Scabious, or rather Rampions with Scabious Heads.
1733 P. Miller Gardeners Dict. at Rapuntium Greater Rampions with a Crimson-spiked Flower, commonly call'd the Scarlet Cardinal's Flower.
1760 J. Lee Introd. Bot. App. 324 Rampions, Crested, Lobelia.
b. A plant of the genus Phyteuma, characterized by clusters of tubular, purple, blue, or whitish flowers; esp. the round-headed rampion, P. orbiculare. Frequently with distinguishing word.
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1633 T. Johnson Gerard's Herball (new ed.) ii. cxviii. 454 The roots of this other kinde of horned Rampion grow after an vnusual manner; for first..is a root like to that of a Rampion, but slenderer.
1760 J. Lee Introd. Bot. App. 324 Rampions, Horned, Phyteuma.
1793 J. E. Smith Eng. Bot. II. (heading) 142 Phyteuma orbicularis. Round-headed Rampion.
1800 A. F. M. Willich Lect. Diet & Regimen vi. 436 Of a compound sweet and bitter taste; viz. the succory, the rampion (Phyteuma, L.).., the brooklime, endive and lettuce.
1851 Rural Cycl. IV. 15/2 The spiked rampion, Phyteuma spicatum, has sometimes been used as an article of food.
1882 G. Allen Colours of Flowers iv. 73 The rampions (Phyteuma) vary from blue to white; so do many of the campanulas.
1928 R. T. Hopkins Lure of Sussex 56 From this path you look down into an abyss whereof the slope is..starred with dainty violet-blue rampions.
1973 Times 14 July 12/2 The dark blue rampion is slightly less scarce than it was a few years ago.
1994 R. Mabey Flora Britannica 339/2 Spiked rampion, P. spicatum, is a rare and surprising rampion with yellowish flower-heads.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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