| 释义 |
rampiren. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French rampar, rempart. Etymology: < Middle French rampar, rempaire, rempar (French †rempar ), variants of rempart rampart n. Compare rampire v.The origin of the β. forms, which appear to be unparalleled in French, is uncertain; perhaps compare E. J. Dobson Eng. Pronunc. 1500–1700 (ed. 2, 1968) II. §136 note 2 for a possible parallel for raising of Middle English open ē to close ē and subsequently to ī. Sheridan (1789) and Walker (1791) enter the headword as rampyr and mark the final syllable as short. Worcester (1846) gives the modern pronunciation. Webster (1913) still records rampier and rampire with different pronunciations (in /-pɪə/ and /-paɪ(ə)r/ respectively). Now rare and archaic. 1. society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > earthwork or rampart > [noun] α. 1548 W. Patten sig. A.vj My lordes grace, walking vpon the Rampere of the tounewalles. 1572 W. Malim tr. N. Martinengo f. 8v The battered earth, which fell in the ditches from the rampayre. 1604 E. Grimeston tr. 133 The dike,..Rampars and defences. 1689 W. Walker tr. H. Languet (new ed.) 56 Fortifying..by Ravelins, Ditches, and Rampers, the Temple of God. society > armed hostility > warrior > defender > [noun] ?1549 King Edward VI Jrnl. in (1857) II. 229 For after divers skirmishes, when the gatis were burnt, thei in the cite did continew the fir[e], til thei had mad a ramper within. 1566 W. Painter I. xlv. f. 229 Thou hast knowen me to be the very ramper and refuge of all afflicted persons. a1586 Sir P. Sidney (1593) v. sig. Qq1 Fortifying courage with the true Rampier of patience. 1611 W. Mure i. 16 To siege, and sack the Rampier of my ressoune. a1633 Visct. Falkland (1680) 58 Makes himself a Rampire of all his Servants, Friends and Kindred. 1700 J. Dryden tr. Homer 1st Bk. Ilias in 204 The Son of Thetis Rampire of our Host. 1793 H. Boyd 161 Neptune's surge invades The rampires of the sky. 1835 W. H. Drummond iii. 76 The Pacific isles, Round all their coral rampires chant aloud The anthem of salvation. 1881 A. C. Swinburne iv. i Of those claims..have you made The stoutest rampire of your rule. 1922 E. R. Eddison xvi. 220 Is not this the very bulwark and rampire of his fortune? 1925 15 Aug. 11/4 The moon was sloping down toward the spiked rampires of the mountains. the world > the earth > water > lake > pool > [noun] > artificially confined water > contrivance for impounding water > dam a1586 Sir P. Sidney (1590) ii. iv. f. 116v Like a riuer, no rampiers being built against it, till alreadie it haue ouerflowed. 1611 T. Coryate sig. V2 The great long banke.., which is interiected as a strong Rampier betwixt the Adriatique sea and the citie. 1764 O. Goldsmith 15 Sedulous to stop the coming tide, Lift the tall rampire's artificial pride. 1769 W. Falconer Berge, an artificial mound, or rampire, on the banks of a river, to prevent it from overflowing. 1872 R. H. Horne (ed. 9) i. i. 14 The rampire that forbids the surge To break o'er Sicily. 1768 P. Morant I. v. 97 Cross the Heath; to the Rampers on Boxted and Horkesly-Heath; and along those Rampers to a Brooke. a1864 J. Clare (1989) I. 494 The waggons keep bowling away Down wheel rifted rampers they jolter along. 1881 Nov. 752 Along the rutted ramper Thory wheels His barrow. a1892 Tennyson in H. Tennyson (1897) II. i. 9 ‘When I canters my 'erse along the ramper (highway) I 'ears proputty, proputty, proputty.’ I had been told that a rich farmer in our neighbourhood was in the habit of saying this. Compounds1558 T. Phaer tr. Virgil ii. sig. C.ij The fomy flood whose rampier banks are torne. 1563 Certificate of Decays in J. Nicolson & R. Burn (1777) II. 233 There be two houses within the said fort..standing within the rampire wall. 1688 R. Holme iii. 457/1 A Rampiar Wall..or Coffer worke. 1776 W. J. Mickle tr. L. de Camoens 112 Dash'd the fierce monarch on a rampire bar. 1866 J. Conington tr. Virgil 6 Banks them round With sand as with a rampire-mound. 1906 C. M. Doughty I. iv. 209 Gauls..leap on their rampire walls. Derivatives 1635 J. Hayward tr. G. F. Biondi 179 That sinuous Region..is ever..calme; thankes to the rampire-like sheltring rocks and cragges. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). rampirev.Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French ramparer. Etymology: < Middle French ramparer, remparer (French (now rare) remparer ) to fortify, to protect (a place) with a rampart (end of the 14th cent.; 15th cent. in extended uses; a1383 in sense ‘to repair (fortifications)’) < re- re- prefix + amparer , emparer (French emparer ) to defend, to fortify (a place) (1323 as enparer ), to take, to occupy (a place) (1470) < Old Occitan amparar , antparar , emparar to take possession of (a thing or place, especially by force) (late 11th cent. as antparar ), to hinder, to prohibit (mid 12th cent.), to protect, to defend (second half of the 12th cent.; Occitan emparar ) < post-classical Latin anteparare to seize (1044 in Catalan sources), to protect, defend (frequently from beginning of the 12th cent. in Spanish, Catalan, and Occitan sources in form amparare ; compare Spanish amparar : see ampare n.) < classical Latin ante- ante- prefix + parāre to prepare (see pare v.1; compare prepare v.). Compare rampire n. and later rampart v., and compare also rempare v. Trésor de la langue française at emparer derives the Old Occitan verb < an unattested post-classical Latin form *imparare ( < classical Latin im- im- prefix1 + parāre ; although post-classical Latin imparare is attested in sense ‘to fortify with a rampart’ in 1366 in a French source, it appears to be a Latinization of Middle French emparer , with prefix substitution). However, this seems unnecessary, as there are no formal or semantic problems in deriving the Occitan verb from post-classical Latin anteparare ; the forms in em- apparently show prefix substitution. Compare Old Occitan ampara protection, support, defence, (perhaps also) rampart (probably first half of the 13th cent.; Occitan empara ), empar protection (late 13th cent.), (Gascon) emparo rampart (in late sources, probably late 15th cent. or later). With the β. forms compare discussion at rampire n. α. 1548 f. cxxxiiiv Betwene the diche and Castle, was set a pale, whiche was rampaired with yearth so stepe and thicke, that it was not likely to be gotten. 1557 Earl of Shrewsbury Let. 20 Oct. in (1791) I. 290 Th' Englysmen within, looking for the siege, had ramperyd up the gates. 1607 E. Grimeston tr. ii. 563 The beseeged both Princes, Noblemen, and souldiers, carry earth indifferently to rampar vp the breach. 1709 J. Green Let. in (1914) Oct. 185 Ye sea..it's bounded wth huge banks of earth, rampired wth strong planks. 1750 C. Smith II. iii. iii. 88 Another turret..which..was rampered with earth. 2. society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > fortify [verb (transitive)] society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > earthwork or rampart > protect or surround with rampart [verb (transitive)] 1550 R. Bowes in J. C. Hodgson (1828) II. 200 That side to be massively rampiered with earth. 1590 T. Lodge 51 After they had taken their repast, Rosader rampierd vp the house. 1614 W. Raleigh i. ii. v. §6. 303 Knowing the strength of his owne Countrie,..rampard with high and sharpe mountaines. a1640 P. Massinger (1976) iii. iii. 185 There is noe touch of morall honestie though rampierd in your soule but will flie from you. 1781 M. J. Armstrong IV. 166 The year following.., the Black-Friars and priory were also rampired. 1855 R. C. Singleton tr. Virgil Aeneid i, in tr. Virgil I. 238 Rampire with abundant power Long Alba. 1874 Ld. Lytton I. 108 That tree's brown roots..had wrought, And rampired deep from reach of sun or wind, A dismal pit. a1924 M. Ghose (1970) I. 35 That imperial city, Humming capital Rampired, oh the pity! the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > enclosing or enclosure > enclose [verb (transitive)] > with a mound or mounds 1566 H. Sidney in W. B. Scoones 24 Nature hath rampired up (as it were) the tongue with teeth, lips, yea and hair without the lips. 1606 N. Baxter sig. Mi Within a branchie filme there lyeth the braine, Close rampir'd vp with Barracados twaine. 1873 E. Bulwer-Lytton II. v. iv. 341 Trees..which rampired out all horizon beyond. the world > existence and causation > causation > initiating or causing to begin > initiate [verb (transitive)] > found or establish 1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria i. ii. f. 5v Hyghe trees, sette close together and fast rampaired in the grounde [L. Ex arboribus sublicibus altissimis terrae affixis circumferentiam primum domus construunt]. a1670 J. Hacket (1675) 396 When men have rampared witty shifts against truth, it is in vain to tell them, [etc.]. Derivatives society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > earthwork or rampart > [adjective] 1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil i. 8 With thick bulwarck shal he fence thee rampired Alba [L. et longam multa in muniet Albam]. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) 98/1 Set but thy foot Against our rampyr'd gates, and they shall ope. View more context for this quotation 1776 W. J. Mickle tr. L. de Camoens vii. 311 Rampired walls lie smoaking on the ground. 1873 R. Browning ii. 92 Grass..contemptible Compared with solid rock, the rampired ridge. 1900 W. H. Mallock i. 2 Sweeter by far on Wisdom's rampired height To pace serene the porches of the light. 1927 P. Colum Creatures in (1953) 172 They who made the rest Of Creatures, made them all-too manifold—Mortised and rampired, jointed, vascular. ?1566 J. Alday tr. P. Boaistuau iii. sig. Piv If the Citizens had not sodainlye giuen succor in rampairing and fencing, there had bene no other hope of safegard. 1608 E. Grimeston tr. J. F. Le Petit ix. 490 This great bulwarke and ramparing might hinder his men from lodging at the foot of the rampar to come to the sappe. 1657 T. Reeve 168 Where there is unity there needeth no barricadoing nor rampering. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  n.1548v.1548 |
