raspisn.¹

Brit.

/ˈrɑːspɪs/,

/ˈraspɪs/, U.S.

/ˈræspᵻs/

Forms:

α. late Middle English rayspeys, late Middle English 1900s– raspise, 1500s raspays, 1500s raspyce, 1500s–1600s 1900s– raspis, 1900s– raspys.

β. late Middle English respyed, 1500s respice, 1500s 1900s– respyce.

Origin: Probably a borrowing from French. Etymon: French rapé.

Etymology: Probably ultimately < Middle French rapé (see rape n.⁷, and compare rape n.⁸, raspe adj.) with alteration of the ending, but if so the semantic development apparently shows transfer to a different and much more prized type of drink. If this is the ultimate origin, the ending may perhaps be explained by transmission via post-classical Latin raspatum (from late 12th cent. in British sources), raspetum , raspecia (13th cent.), all denoting rape wine; compare also Old French raspeit (13th cent.), variant of rapé , and also Italian vino raspato (16th cent.; glossed ‘raspis wine’ by Florio). Compare rospeys n.Any original connection with raspis n.² seems unlikely, although compare raspis wine n. and note at definition. In form respyed apparently showing alteration of the ending after -ed suffix¹ or -ed suffix², which perhaps reinforces the assumption of a connection ultimately with Middle French rapé. It is uncertain whether the following shows an earlier example of the English word:1290 in Documents Illustr. Hist. Scotl. (1870) I. xcvi. 139 Primo, viz. pro xxxj doleis vini et una pipa, pretium cujuslibet xliij s. iiij d. et pretii [sic] pipae xx s., lxix l. iij s. iiij d. quia j. dolium fuit de raspeys, ad colorandum alia, pretii lx s. et. pro l. quarteriis frumenti, pretium quarterii iiij s. x d.

Now historical and rare.

A variety of (probably sweet) red wine.Boorde (quot. 1542) evidently supposed it to be raspberry wine (cf. raspis wine n.), but it seems unlikely, from the contexts in which it occurs, that this was the usual sense of the word.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > wine > types of wine > [noun] > other types of wine

myrrhed winec1429

tyre1429

rochec1440

rospeys1440

raspis?a1450

caprika1475

garnade?c1475

whippetc1500

rampion?1520

Ribadavia1542

romanisk1542

Mountrosec1560

raspis wine1562

whippincrusta1593

charneco1594

absinthites1601

pitch wine1601

myrrh wine1609

wine of astonishment1611

deal1613

Sherant1620

Sheranino1632

Grecoa1660

Langoon1674

generousa1717

Massic1751

rasped wine1823

straw wine1824

vin de paille1833

vin jaune1833

vino tierno1911

mistelle1924

rancio1939

boerwyn1947

?a1450 J. Arderne in 17th Internat. Congr. Med. (1914) xxiii. 123 (MED) He schall drynke..of reed wyne that is called respyed or rayspeys.

a1475 J. Russell Bk. Nurture (Harl. 4011) in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 125 The namys of swete wynes y wold þat ye them knewe: Vernage..pyment, Raspise.

?1520 J. Rastell Nature .iiii. Element sig. Bv^v Ye shall haue spayneshe wyne & gascoyn..Sak raspyce alycaunt rumney.

1542 A. Borde Compend. Regyment Helth x. sig. F.i All maner of wynes be made of grapes, excepte respyce the whiche is made of a bery.

c1560 (a1500) Squyr Lowe Degre (Copland) 756 Mountrose and wyne of Greke, Both algrade and respice eke.

1584 T. Cogan Hauen of Health ccxvii. 218 Redde wine, if it be a deepe redde enclining to blacke as Raspis.

1955 G. Grigson Englishman's Flora 147 The English had been familiar since the fifteenth century with a dark red, sweet French wine which they called respyce or raspis—in French it had been raspeit or raspei.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† raspisn.²

Forms:

α. 1500s raspass, 1500s raspyse, 1500s–1600s raspes, 1500s–1600s raspice, 1500s–1600s raspisse, 1500s–1700s raspis, 1600s raspas, 1600s raspasse, 1600s raspesse, 1600s raspies, 1600s raspish.

β. 1500s respies, 1500s respis, 1500s respyce, 1600s respas, 1600s respass, 1600s respasse, 1600s respesses (plural).

Origin: Of unknown origin.

Etymology: Origin unknown. Apparently related to rasp n.² (although that may simply show a variant or shortened form of the present word).

Obsolete.

a. As a mass noun: raspberries.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > berry > [noun] > raspberry

fryberry?1533

raspis?1533

raspis-berry1534

hindberry1548

rasp1555

framboise1578

raspberry1602

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > edible berries > raspberry > collectively

raspis?1533

black cap1831

?1533 G. Du Wes Introductorie for to lerne Frenche sig. Civ ^v Raspyse, franboises.

1565 A. Golding tr. Ovid Fyrst Fower Bks. Metamorphosis i. f. 2 Men..Did liue by Respis, heppes, & hawes.

1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 80/1 Preserves..as Pears, Plums,..Grapes, Respass.

b. As a count noun: a raspberry.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > edible berries > raspberry

fryberry?1533

raspis1534

raspis-berry1534

hindberry1548

rasp1555

framboise1578

raspberry1602

1534 in Household Bk. Sir E. Don (2004) 276 The vii^h day [of July] for strawberys and raspys berys i^d... For straberys and raspys i^d.

1548 W. Turner Names of Herbes sig. F.vij^v Rubus ideus is called..in englishe raspeses or hyndberies.

1587 R. Hakluyt tr. R. de Laudonnière Notable Hist. Foure Voy. Florida f. 2 There are Raspisses, and a little bearie which we call among vs Blues, which are very good to eate.

1648 R. Herrick Hesperides sig. M4^v The wine of cherries, and to these The cooling breath of Respasses.

1658 J. Evelyn tr. N. de Bonnefons French Gardiner 256 Raspis are of two Colours, the White and the Red.

1677 J. Phillips tr. J.-B. Tavernier New Relation Seraglio xix. 92 in tr. J.-B. Tavernier Six Voy. (1678) Of Strawberries and Raspices there is great store.

2. The raspberry plant, Rubus idaeus. Later also: any of several other plants of the genus Rubus, esp. the stone bramble, R. saxatilis, which has red fruit.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular fruit-tree or -plant > [noun] > tree or plant producing edible berries > raspberry bush

raspis-bush?1533

raspis tree?1533

raspis-berry1534

raspis1542

rasp1573

raspberry1605

frambousiera1648

mulberry1672

raspberry bush1695

raspberry tree1704

1542 T. Elyot Bibliotheca Rhibis, a bremble callyd Raspis.

1558 W. Ward tr. G. Ruscelli Secretes Alexis of Piemount i. i. f. 19^v This..is taken of Ioannes Agricola to be the brier called Respis.

1573 T. Tusser Fiue Hundreth Points Good Husbandry (new ed.) f. 30^v Set Respis & rose, yong rootes of those.

1629 J. Parkinson Paradisi in Sole 557 The leaves of Raspis may be used..in gargles.

1682 N. Grew Disc. Colours of Plants v. iii. §2 in Anat. Plants 275 The Leavs of Rose-Tree, Raspis [etc.].

1728 R. Bradley Dict. Bot. II Rubus Idæus fructu rubro, the common red Raspis.

1744 J. Wilson Synopsis Brit. Plants 117 Chamærubus saxatilis... The Stone-bramble, or Raspis.

1769 H. Stevenson Gentleman Gardner (ed. 8) 169 Raspis..plant about Michaelmas, or between that Time and Christmas.

Compounds

General attributive, as raspis-bush, raspis juice, raspis orchard, raspis tree.

ΘΚΠ

raspis-bush?1533

raspis tree?1533

raspis-berry1534

raspis1542

rasp1573

raspberry1605

frambousiera1648

mulberry1672

raspberry bush1695

raspberry tree1704

?1533 G. Du Wes Introductorie for to lerne Frenche sig. Di ^v Raspis tre, francboisier.

1597 J. Gerard Herball iii. 1089 The Raspis bush, or Hindberrie.

1622 G. Wither Faire-virtue sig. B2 The shrubbie fields, are Raspice Orchards there.

a1648 Ld. Herbert Life Henry VIII (1649) 99 A Frambousier or Raspis-bush.

1660 R. May Accomplisht Cook 239 A quarter of a pint of raspas juyce.

1693 J. Evelyn tr. J. de La Quintinie Reflect. Agric. ii. 41 in Compl. Gard'ner The principal Roots of..Raspish-Bushes, and some other very sprightly Shrubs.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online September 2021).

单词	raspis
释义	raspisn.¹ Brit. /ˈrɑːspɪs/, /ˈraspɪs/, U.S. /ˈræspᵻs/ Forms: α. late Middle English rayspeys, late Middle English 1900s– raspise, 1500s raspays, 1500s raspyce, 1500s–1600s 1900s– raspis, 1900s– raspys. β. late Middle English respyed, 1500s respice, 1500s 1900s– respyce. Origin: Probably a borrowing from French. Etymon: French rapé. Etymology: Probably ultimately < Middle French rapé (see rape n.⁷, and compare rape n.⁸, raspe adj.) with alteration of the ending, but if so the semantic development apparently shows transfer to a different and much more prized type of drink. If this is the ultimate origin, the ending may perhaps be explained by transmission via post-classical Latin raspatum (from late 12th cent. in British sources), raspetum , raspecia (13th cent.), all denoting rape wine; compare also Old French raspeit (13th cent.), variant of rapé , and also Italian vino raspato (16th cent.; glossed ‘raspis wine’ by Florio). Compare rospeys n.Any original connection with raspis n.² seems unlikely, although compare raspis wine n. and note at definition. In form respyed apparently showing alteration of the ending after -ed suffix¹ or -ed suffix², which perhaps reinforces the assumption of a connection ultimately with Middle French rapé. It is uncertain whether the following shows an earlier example of the English word:1290 in Documents Illustr. Hist. Scotl. (1870) I. xcvi. 139 Primo, viz. pro xxxj doleis vini et una pipa, pretium cujuslibet xliij s. iiij d. et pretii [sic] pipae xx s., lxix l. iij s. iiij d. quia j. dolium fuit de raspeys, ad colorandum alia, pretii lx s. et. pro l. quarteriis frumenti, pretium quarterii iiij s. x d. Now historical and rare. A variety of (probably sweet) red wine.Boorde (quot. 1542) evidently supposed it to be raspberry wine (cf. raspis wine n.), but it seems unlikely, from the contexts in which it occurs, that this was the usual sense of the word. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > wine > types of wine > [noun] > other types of wine myrrhed winec1429 tyre1429 rochec1440 rospeys1440 raspis?a1450 caprika1475 garnade?c1475 whippetc1500 rampion?1520 Ribadavia1542 romanisk1542 Mountrosec1560 raspis wine1562 whippincrusta1593 charneco1594 absinthites1601 pitch wine1601 myrrh wine1609 wine of astonishment1611 deal1613 Sherant1620 Sheranino1632 Grecoa1660 Langoon1674 generousa1717 Massic1751 rasped wine1823 straw wine1824 vin de paille1833 vin jaune1833 vino tierno1911 mistelle1924 rancio1939 boerwyn1947 ?a1450 J. Arderne in 17th Internat. Congr. Med. (1914) xxiii. 123 (MED) He schall drynke..of reed wyne that is called respyed or rayspeys. a1475 J. Russell Bk. Nurture (Harl. 4011) in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 125 The namys of swete wynes y wold þat ye them knewe: Vernage..pyment, Raspise. ?1520 J. Rastell Nature .iiii. Element sig. Bv^v Ye shall haue spayneshe wyne & gascoyn..Sak raspyce alycaunt rumney. 1542 A. Borde Compend. Regyment Helth x. sig. F.i All maner of wynes be made of grapes, excepte respyce the whiche is made of a bery. c1560 (a1500) Squyr Lowe Degre (Copland) 756 Mountrose and wyne of Greke, Both algrade and respice eke. 1584 T. Cogan Hauen of Health ccxvii. 218 Redde wine, if it be a deepe redde enclining to blacke as Raspis. 1955 G. Grigson Englishman's Flora 147 The English had been familiar since the fifteenth century with a dark red, sweet French wine which they called respyce or raspis—in French it had been raspeit or raspei. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † raspisn.² Forms: α. 1500s raspass, 1500s raspyse, 1500s–1600s raspes, 1500s–1600s raspice, 1500s–1600s raspisse, 1500s–1700s raspis, 1600s raspas, 1600s raspasse, 1600s raspesse, 1600s raspies, 1600s raspish. β. 1500s respies, 1500s respis, 1500s respyce, 1600s respas, 1600s respass, 1600s respasse, 1600s respesses (plural). Origin: Of unknown origin. Etymology: Origin unknown. Apparently related to rasp n.² (although that may simply show a variant or shortened form of the present word). Obsolete. 1. a. As a mass noun: raspberries. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > berry > [noun] > raspberry fryberry?1533 raspis?1533 raspis-berry1534 hindberry1548 rasp1555 framboise1578 raspberry1602 the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > edible berries > raspberry > collectively raspis?1533 black cap1831 ?1533 G. Du Wes Introductorie for to lerne Frenche sig. Civ ^v Raspyse, franboises. 1565 A. Golding tr. Ovid Fyrst Fower Bks. Metamorphosis i. f. 2 Men..Did liue by Respis, heppes, & hawes. 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 80/1 Preserves..as Pears, Plums,..Grapes, Respass. b. As a count noun: a raspberry. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > edible berries > raspberry fryberry?1533 raspis1534 raspis-berry1534 hindberry1548 rasp1555 framboise1578 raspberry1602 1534 in Household Bk. Sir E. Don (2004) 276 The vii^h day [of July] for strawberys and raspys berys i^d... For straberys and raspys i^d. 1548 W. Turner Names of Herbes sig. F.vij^v Rubus ideus is called..in englishe raspeses or hyndberies. 1587 R. Hakluyt tr. R. de Laudonnière Notable Hist. Foure Voy. Florida f. 2 There are Raspisses, and a little bearie which we call among vs Blues, which are very good to eate. 1648 R. Herrick Hesperides sig. M4^v The wine of cherries, and to these The cooling breath of Respasses. 1658 J. Evelyn tr. N. de Bonnefons French Gardiner 256 Raspis are of two Colours, the White and the Red. 1677 J. Phillips tr. J.-B. Tavernier New Relation Seraglio xix. 92 in tr. J.-B. Tavernier Six Voy. (1678) Of Strawberries and Raspices there is great store. 2. The raspberry plant, Rubus idaeus. Later also: any of several other plants of the genus Rubus, esp. the stone bramble, R. saxatilis, which has red fruit. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular fruit-tree or -plant > [noun] > tree or plant producing edible berries > raspberry bush raspis-bush?1533 raspis tree?1533 raspis-berry1534 raspis1542 rasp1573 raspberry1605 frambousiera1648 mulberry1672 raspberry bush1695 raspberry tree1704 1542 T. Elyot Bibliotheca Rhibis, a bremble callyd Raspis. 1558 W. Ward tr. G. Ruscelli Secretes Alexis of Piemount i. i. f. 19^v This..is taken of Ioannes Agricola to be the brier called Respis. 1573 T. Tusser Fiue Hundreth Points Good Husbandry (new ed.) f. 30^v Set Respis & rose, yong rootes of those. 1629 J. Parkinson Paradisi in Sole 557 The leaves of Raspis may be used..in gargles. 1682 N. Grew Disc. Colours of Plants v. iii. §2 in Anat. Plants 275 The Leavs of Rose-Tree, Raspis [etc.]. 1728 R. Bradley Dict. Bot. II Rubus Idæus fructu rubro, the common red Raspis. 1744 J. Wilson Synopsis Brit. Plants 117 Chamærubus saxatilis... The Stone-bramble, or Raspis. 1769 H. Stevenson Gentleman Gardner (ed. 8) 169 Raspis..plant about Michaelmas, or between that Time and Christmas. Compounds General attributive, as raspis-bush, raspis juice, raspis orchard, raspis tree. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular fruit-tree or -plant > [noun] > tree or plant producing edible berries > raspberry bush raspis-bush?1533 raspis tree?1533 raspis-berry1534 raspis1542 rasp1573 raspberry1605 frambousiera1648 mulberry1672 raspberry bush1695 raspberry tree1704 ?1533 G. Du Wes Introductorie for to lerne Frenche sig. Di ^v Raspis tre, francboisier. 1597 J. Gerard Herball iii. 1089 The Raspis bush, or Hindberrie. 1622 G. Wither Faire-virtue sig. B2 The shrubbie fields, are Raspice Orchards there. a1648 Ld. Herbert Life Henry VIII (1649) 99 A Frambousier or Raspis-bush. 1660 R. May Accomplisht Cook 239 A quarter of a pint of raspas juyce. 1693 J. Evelyn tr. J. de La Quintinie Reflect. Agric. ii. 41 in Compl. Gard'ner The principal Roots of..Raspish-Bushes, and some other very sprightly Shrubs. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online September 2021). < n.¹?a1450n.²?1533
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raspisn.1

† raspisn.2

Compounds

raspisn.¹

† raspisn.²