ravenern.

Brit.

/ˈravn̩ə/,

/ˈrav(ə)nə/, U.S.

/ˈræv(ə)nər/

Forms:

α. Middle English rauaynour, Middle English raueynor, Middle English raueynour, Middle English rauinour, Middle English rauynor, Middle English rauynour, Middle English ravenour, Middle English ravenowre, Middle English raveynour, Middle English ravynour, Middle English–1500s ravinour, Middle English–1600s rauenor, Middle English–1600s rauenour; also Scottish pre-1700 revenour; N.E.D. (1903) also records a form late Middle English rauynoure.

β. Middle English rafener, Middle English rafeyner, Middle English rauenere, Middle English raueyner, Middle English raueynere, Middle English raveyner, Middle English 1600s ravenner, Middle English–1500s rauiner, Middle English–1500s raviner, Middle English–1500s ravyner, Middle English–1600s rauener, Middle English– ravener, 1500s rauenar, 1500s rauenner, 1500s rauerer (transmission error), 1500s–1600s rav'ner.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: ravin n.¹, -er suffix¹; raven v., -er suffix¹.

Etymology: Either < ravin n.¹ + -er suffix¹, or < raven v. (although this is first attested later) + -er suffix¹.Compare Old French ravineor, ravineour, ravineur robber (13th cent. in isolated use; the three forms all occur as variant readings in the same text, and have alternatively been interpreted as showing an adjective with the meaning ‘that lives by rapine’).

Now rare.

1. A person who takes goods by force; a robber, a plunderer, a despoiler.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > thief > robber > spoiler or plunderer > [noun]

riflera1350

ravenerc1384

pillerc1385

preyerc1390

raptora1398

peelera1425

despoiler1467

spulyierc1475

pillardc1485

ruggerc1485

pollera1513

booty-fellow1530

spoiler1535

caterpillar1541

kitea1556

ransacker?1576

predator1581

lurdan1589

worm1591

scraper1598

pillager?1611

ravager1611

bird of preya1616

depredator1626

plunderer1639

expilator1658

shark1713

depredationist1828

spoliator1831

rapiner1843

ravisher1851

α.

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Luke xviii. 11 I do thankingis to thee, for I am not as othere men, raueynouris [v.r. rauaynour; L. raptores], vniust, auouters.

?a1425 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. iv. pr. iii. 116 If he..be a ravynour [L. ereptor] by violence of foreyn richesse.

c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 37 (MED) Rauenors, fornicarers, and swilk oþer..schal not haue þe kyndum of God.

1539 C. Tunstall Serm. Palme Sondaye sig. Dviii^v To make this realme a praye to al venturers, al spoylers,..all rauenours of the worlde.

1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 108 These shamelesse Irish rauenours returne home.

β. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1879) VII. 445 (MED) Þe kyng was a ravener [L. rapax] in gaderynge and a greet wastour in spendynge.c1400 (?a1387) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Huntington HM 137) (1873) C. xviii. 43 (MED) Men of holychurche Sholde..refuse reuerences and raueneres offrynges.c1426 J. Audelay Poems (1931) 112 (MED) Þese were proud men, raueners echon, Extorcioners, monslers.c1475 in Coll. Ordinances Royal Househ. (Harl. 642) (1790) 62 The same in lyke owght thys chyef Clerk to have in every offyce in houshold..to espye and to lette the wasters, ravenners, and miscarryers of the Kinge's goodes.1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus in Paraphr. New Test. I. Luke xv. f.cxxxiii^v The glorie of God is neuer more shewed or better sette foorth, then whan..a rauiner, and extorcioner, [is] made a defendour and helper of the poore.a1586 P. Sidney tr. Psalms David xvii. iv, in Poems (1962) 289 Led by Thy Word the Rav'ner's stepps I shun.1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. iii. 99 These..Seas, are free from pestilent Raueners.1697 C. Leslie Snake in Grass (ed. 2) 96 Raveners from Christ, and his utter Enemies.1866 J. Brougham Lily of France i. ii. 10 Royster. Say yes, like an honest woman's daughter, and you shall have my share in the plunder of Orleans as a wedding-gift. Jane. Beware, how you approach me, English ravener! I am a daughter of France.1899 M. Hewlett Duchess of Nona viii, in Little Novels of Italy 199 This assassin, this ravener of other men's goods.1927 R. A. Taylor Leonardo iii. iii. 339 He controlled his own armies with a stern discipline; these raveners [sc. foreign soldiers and mercenaries] were not responsible to him.1994 Chicago Sun-Times (Nexis) 10 June (Weekend section) 6 Everyone I talked to had their own cynical story about recovery. The most common resolution I heard was the street ravener who holds the booty in return for a payoff.

†2. A ravisher, a rapist; a destroyer. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > [noun] > one who or that which destroys

baneOE

losera1340

leeserc1380

stroyerc1380

destroyer1382

ravenerc1390

castera1400

confounder1401

wastera1425

stroyc1440

undoerc1440

unmakerc1450

confounderess1509

hydraa1513

stroy-good1540

abolisher1548

thunderbolt1559

disannullera1572

stroy-all1573

ruiner1581

down-puller1583

murdererc1585

spendingc1595

blaster1598

assassin1609

ruinater1609

dissolver1611

minerc1614

destructioner1621

fordoer1631

sinker1632

destructive1640

deletery1642

assassinatea1658

ruinator1658

destroyeress1662

destructora1691

dissolvent1835

solvent1841

wrecker1882

destructant1889

society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > loss of chastity > [noun] > defilement of chastity or woman > forcible > one who rapes

ravishera1325

ravenerc1390

violator?a1475

rapter1582

abuser1584

raptor1592

rapist1869

raper1878

c1390 (?c1350) Virgin of Antioch 368 in C. Horstmann Sammlung Altengl. Legenden (1878) 31 (MED) Þe rauinoures þat hire abiden Ne seȝen hire nout..For þei wenden swiþe wel Þe maiden ha founden in þe bordel.

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) v. 5530 (MED) Schrif thee hier If thou hast ben a Raviner Of love.

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) v. 5627 (MED) That tirant raviner..Foryat he was a wedded man, And in a rage on hire he ran, Riht as a wolf which takth his preie.

1594 R. Carew tr. T. Tasso Godfrey of Bulloigne iii. 129 That murderer, Of my bloud royall cruell rauiner.

a. A ravenous person or animal; a voracious eater, a devourer; a glutton. Also with of.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > appetite > excessive consumption of food or drink > [noun] > gluttony > glutton

glutton?c1225

glutc1394

globberc1400

glofferc1440

gluttoner1482

gourmanda1492

ravener1496

belly1526

golofer1529

lurcher1530

cormorant1531

flesh-fly1532

full-belly1536

belly-godc1540

flap-sauce1540

gourmander1542

gully-gut1542

locust1545

glosser1549

greedy-guts1550

hungry gut1552

belly-slave1562

fill-belly1563

grand paunch1569

belly-paunch1570

belly-swainc1571

trencher-slave1571

slapsauce1573

gorche1577

helluo1583

gormandizer1589

eat-all1598

engorger1598

guts1598

guller1604

gourmandist1607

barathrum1609

eatnell1611

snapsauce1611

Phaeacian?1614

gutling1617

overeater1621

polyphage1623

tenterbelly1628

gut-head1629

stiffgut1630

gobble-guts1632

gulist1632

polyphagian1658

fill-paunch1659

gype1662

gulchin1671

stretch-gut1673

gastrolater1694

gundy-gut1699

guttler1732

gobbler1755

trencher-hero1792

gorger1817

polyphagist1819

battenera1849

stuff-guts1875

chowhound1917

gannet1929

Billy Bunter1939

guzzle-guts1959

garbage can1963

foodaholic1965

α.

1496 Treat. Fysshynge wyth Angle in Bk. St. Albans (rev. ed.) sig. iij^v The ele is a quasy fysshe a rauenour and a deuourer of the brode of fysshe.

?1532 T. Elyot tr. Plutarch Educ. Children (new ed.) ii. sig. Bii Bothe these whelpes, hauynge one syre and one damme, by custome be trayned in to sondrye disposicions: for the one is become a rauenour, the other a good hunter.

1567 J. Maplet Greene Forest f. 94 The mouse..is for his bignes a verie rauenour or greedigut.

1572 J. Higgins Huloets Dict. (rev. ed.) Rauenour of delicate meate.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 243 As for the sea Pontus, there enter into it few or no rauenours that haunt and deuoure fishes, vnlesse it be the Seales & little Dolphins.

1614 G. Markham Cheape & Good Husbandry i. i. 87 Swine are accounted troublesome, noysome, vnruly, and great rauenours.

β. 1519 W. Horman Vulgaria vii. f. 71 Thou arte a rauenar of delycatis and a francher.1520 R. Whittington Uulgaria sig. D.j^v He is great rauener, specyally yf he come there as be good dysshes.1577 H. I. tr. H. Bullinger 50 Godlie Serm. II. iii. vi. sig. Ji.iv^v/2 Of birdes those are forbidden which are the gretest raueners.1615 Bp. J. Hall Imprese of God ii, in Recoll. Treat. 672 This hony of the Church..is let downe and digested by these raueners.1638 W. Rawley tr. F. Bacon Hist. Nat. & Exper. Life & Death 70 The Pike, amongst Fishes..is a Ravener.?1715 A. S. Gentleman's Compl. Jockey 157 Thus much I think may be sufficient for these Vermine, Insects and Raveners that infest the House, Field, Park and Warren.1841 G. Darley Ethelstan iii. i. 38 Ellisif. Lo! where the grim birds follow me! And gore my tender flesh... Ethelstan (rising). Avaunt, foul raveners!1885 Davenport (Iowa) Daily Gaz. 12 Aug. If..some little white lamb opens his eyes to the pleasant May sunshine only to have them picked out by a flock of the merciless raveners [sc. crows].1888 H. Melville John Marr & Other Sailors 91 Pale ravener of horrible meat.1965 Amer. Lit 37 193 In the purely natural world no creature is good or evil and no ravener or ravened is good or innocent.1997 E. Ritter Hidden Life of Humans vi. 142 Murphy straining at the end of his leash, while I haul on his collar... Ravener of refuse, lecher of laundry bags, despotic disrupter of domestic routines.

b. A person or thing that hungers after (or †for) something. archaic in later use.

ΚΠ

1587 L. Mascall First Bk. Cattell 259 The hogge..is a great rauener for his meate.

1631 B. Jonson Bartholmew Fayre i. v. 6 in Wks. II He is such a Rauener after fruite!

1962 R. Bradbury Something Wicked this Way Comes ii. xl. 228 If I can guess the carnival's sense of irony, the way they like to weight the scales, he was once a ravener after all kinds and varieties of lust.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	ravener
释义	ravenern. Brit. /ˈravn̩ə/, /ˈrav(ə)nə/, U.S. /ˈræv(ə)nər/ Forms: α. Middle English rauaynour, Middle English raueynor, Middle English raueynour, Middle English rauinour, Middle English rauynor, Middle English rauynour, Middle English ravenour, Middle English ravenowre, Middle English raveynour, Middle English ravynour, Middle English–1500s ravinour, Middle English–1600s rauenor, Middle English–1600s rauenour; also Scottish pre-1700 revenour; N.E.D. (1903) also records a form late Middle English rauynoure. β. Middle English rafener, Middle English rafeyner, Middle English rauenere, Middle English raueyner, Middle English raueynere, Middle English raveyner, Middle English 1600s ravenner, Middle English–1500s rauiner, Middle English–1500s raviner, Middle English–1500s ravyner, Middle English–1600s rauener, Middle English– ravener, 1500s rauenar, 1500s rauenner, 1500s rauerer (transmission error), 1500s–1600s rav'ner. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: ravin n.¹, -er suffix¹; raven v., -er suffix¹. Etymology: Either < ravin n.¹ + -er suffix¹, or < raven v. (although this is first attested later) + -er suffix¹.Compare Old French ravineor, ravineour, ravineur robber (13th cent. in isolated use; the three forms all occur as variant readings in the same text, and have alternatively been interpreted as showing an adjective with the meaning ‘that lives by rapine’). Now rare. 1. A person who takes goods by force; a robber, a plunderer, a despoiler. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > thief > robber > spoiler or plunderer > [noun] riflera1350 ravenerc1384 pillerc1385 preyerc1390 raptora1398 peelera1425 despoiler1467 spulyierc1475 pillardc1485 ruggerc1485 pollera1513 booty-fellow1530 spoiler1535 caterpillar1541 kitea1556 ransacker?1576 predator1581 lurdan1589 worm1591 scraper1598 pillager?1611 ravager1611 bird of preya1616 depredator1626 plunderer1639 expilator1658 shark1713 depredationist1828 spoliator1831 rapiner1843 ravisher1851 α. c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Luke xviii. 11 I do thankingis to thee, for I am not as othere men, raueynouris [v.r. rauaynour; L. raptores], vniust, auouters. ?a1425 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. iv. pr. iii. 116 If he..be a ravynour [L. ereptor] by violence of foreyn richesse. c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 37 (MED) Rauenors, fornicarers, and swilk oþer..schal not haue þe kyndum of God. 1539 C. Tunstall Serm. Palme Sondaye sig. Dviii^v To make this realme a praye to al venturers, al spoylers,..all rauenours of the worlde. 1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 108 These shamelesse Irish rauenours returne home. β. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1879) VII. 445 (MED) Þe kyng was a ravener [L. rapax] in gaderynge and a greet wastour in spendynge.c1400 (?a1387) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Huntington HM 137) (1873) C. xviii. 43 (MED) Men of holychurche Sholde..refuse reuerences and raueneres offrynges.c1426 J. Audelay Poems (1931) 112 (MED) Þese were proud men, raueners echon, Extorcioners, monslers.c1475 in Coll. Ordinances Royal Househ. (Harl. 642) (1790) 62 The same in lyke owght thys chyef Clerk to have in every offyce in houshold..to espye and to lette the wasters, ravenners, and miscarryers of the Kinge's goodes.1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus in Paraphr. New Test. I. Luke xv. f.cxxxiii^v The glorie of God is neuer more shewed or better sette foorth, then whan..a rauiner, and extorcioner, [is] made a defendour and helper of the poore.a1586 P. Sidney tr. Psalms David xvii. iv, in Poems (1962) 289 Led by Thy Word the Rav'ner's stepps I shun.1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. iii. 99 These..Seas, are free from pestilent Raueners.1697 C. Leslie Snake in Grass (ed. 2) 96 Raveners from Christ, and his utter Enemies.1866 J. Brougham Lily of France i. ii. 10 Royster. Say yes, like an honest woman's daughter, and you shall have my share in the plunder of Orleans as a wedding-gift. Jane. Beware, how you approach me, English ravener! I am a daughter of France.1899 M. Hewlett Duchess of Nona viii, in Little Novels of Italy 199 This assassin, this ravener of other men's goods.1927 R. A. Taylor Leonardo iii. iii. 339 He controlled his own armies with a stern discipline; these raveners [sc. foreign soldiers and mercenaries] were not responsible to him.1994 Chicago Sun-Times (Nexis) 10 June (Weekend section) 6 Everyone I talked to had their own cynical story about recovery. The most common resolution I heard was the street ravener who holds the booty in return for a payoff. †2. A ravisher, a rapist; a destroyer. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > [noun] > one who or that which destroys baneOE losera1340 leeserc1380 stroyerc1380 destroyer1382 ravenerc1390 castera1400 confounder1401 wastera1425 stroyc1440 undoerc1440 unmakerc1450 confounderess1509 hydraa1513 stroy-good1540 abolisher1548 thunderbolt1559 disannullera1572 stroy-all1573 ruiner1581 down-puller1583 murdererc1585 spendingc1595 blaster1598 assassin1609 ruinater1609 dissolver1611 minerc1614 destructioner1621 fordoer1631 sinker1632 destructive1640 deletery1642 assassinatea1658 ruinator1658 destroyeress1662 destructora1691 dissolvent1835 solvent1841 wrecker1882 destructant1889 society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > loss of chastity > [noun] > defilement of chastity or woman > forcible > one who rapes ravishera1325 ravenerc1390 violator?a1475 rapter1582 abuser1584 raptor1592 rapist1869 raper1878 c1390 (?c1350) Virgin of Antioch 368 in C. Horstmann Sammlung Altengl. Legenden (1878) 31 (MED) Þe rauinoures þat hire abiden Ne seȝen hire nout..For þei wenden swiþe wel Þe maiden ha founden in þe bordel. a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) v. 5530 (MED) Schrif thee hier If thou hast ben a Raviner Of love. a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) v. 5627 (MED) That tirant raviner..Foryat he was a wedded man, And in a rage on hire he ran, Riht as a wolf which takth his preie. 1594 R. Carew tr. T. Tasso Godfrey of Bulloigne iii. 129 That murderer, Of my bloud royall cruell rauiner. 3. a. A ravenous person or animal; a voracious eater, a devourer; a glutton. Also with of. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > appetite > excessive consumption of food or drink > [noun] > gluttony > glutton glutton?c1225 glutc1394 globberc1400 glofferc1440 gluttoner1482 gourmanda1492 ravener1496 belly1526 golofer1529 lurcher1530 cormorant1531 flesh-fly1532 full-belly1536 belly-godc1540 flap-sauce1540 gourmander1542 gully-gut1542 locust1545 glosser1549 greedy-guts1550 hungry gut1552 belly-slave1562 fill-belly1563 grand paunch1569 belly-paunch1570 belly-swainc1571 trencher-slave1571 slapsauce1573 gorche1577 helluo1583 gormandizer1589 eat-all1598 engorger1598 guts1598 guller1604 gourmandist1607 barathrum1609 eatnell1611 snapsauce1611 Phaeacian?1614 gutling1617 overeater1621 polyphage1623 tenterbelly1628 gut-head1629 stiffgut1630 gobble-guts1632 gulist1632 polyphagian1658 fill-paunch1659 gype1662 gulchin1671 stretch-gut1673 gastrolater1694 gundy-gut1699 guttler1732 gobbler1755 trencher-hero1792 gorger1817 polyphagist1819 battenera1849 stuff-guts1875 chowhound1917 gannet1929 Billy Bunter1939 guzzle-guts1959 garbage can1963 foodaholic1965 α. 1496 Treat. Fysshynge wyth Angle in Bk. St. Albans (rev. ed.) sig. iij^v The ele is a quasy fysshe a rauenour and a deuourer of the brode of fysshe. ?1532 T. Elyot tr. Plutarch Educ. Children (new ed.) ii. sig. Bii Bothe these whelpes, hauynge one syre and one damme, by custome be trayned in to sondrye disposicions: for the one is become a rauenour, the other a good hunter. 1567 J. Maplet Greene Forest f. 94 The mouse..is for his bignes a verie rauenour or greedigut. 1572 J. Higgins Huloets Dict. (rev. ed.) Rauenour of delicate meate. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 243 As for the sea Pontus, there enter into it few or no rauenours that haunt and deuoure fishes, vnlesse it be the Seales & little Dolphins. 1614 G. Markham Cheape & Good Husbandry i. i. 87 Swine are accounted troublesome, noysome, vnruly, and great rauenours. β. 1519 W. Horman Vulgaria vii. f. 71 Thou arte a rauenar of delycatis and a francher.1520 R. Whittington Uulgaria sig. D.j^v He is great rauener, specyally yf he come there as be good dysshes.1577 H. I. tr. H. Bullinger 50 Godlie Serm. II. iii. vi. sig. Ji.iv^v/2 Of birdes those are forbidden which are the gretest raueners.1615 Bp. J. Hall Imprese of God ii, in Recoll. Treat. 672 This hony of the Church..is let downe and digested by these raueners.1638 W. Rawley tr. F. Bacon Hist. Nat. & Exper. Life & Death 70 The Pike, amongst Fishes..is a Ravener.?1715 A. S. Gentleman's Compl. Jockey 157 Thus much I think may be sufficient for these Vermine, Insects and Raveners that infest the House, Field, Park and Warren.1841 G. Darley Ethelstan iii. i. 38 Ellisif. Lo! where the grim birds follow me! And gore my tender flesh... Ethelstan (rising). Avaunt, foul raveners!1885 Davenport (Iowa) Daily Gaz. 12 Aug. If..some little white lamb opens his eyes to the pleasant May sunshine only to have them picked out by a flock of the merciless raveners [sc. crows].1888 H. Melville John Marr & Other Sailors 91 Pale ravener of horrible meat.1965 Amer. Lit 37 193 In the purely natural world no creature is good or evil and no ravener or ravened is good or innocent.1997 E. Ritter Hidden Life of Humans vi. 142 Murphy straining at the end of his leash, while I haul on his collar... Ravener of refuse, lecher of laundry bags, despotic disrupter of domestic routines. b. A person or thing that hungers after (or †for) something. archaic in later use. ΚΠ 1587 L. Mascall First Bk. Cattell 259 The hogge..is a great rauener for his meate. 1631 B. Jonson Bartholmew Fayre i. v. 6 in Wks. II He is such a Rauener after fruite! 1962 R. Bradbury Something Wicked this Way Comes ii. xl. 228 If I can guess the carnival's sense of irony, the way they like to weight the scales, he was once a ravener after all kinds and varieties of lust. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c1384
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