| 释义 |
randn.1 Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with Old Frisian rond (see note), Middle Dutch rand , rant rim, margin, border, edge, shield-rim, shield-boss (Dutch rand , †randt , †rant rim, margin, border, edge, bank, beach, strip of leather or rubber placed under the quarter of a boot or shoe), Old Saxon rand shield, shield-boss (Middle Low German rant border, rim, shield-rim, shield-boss, margin), Old High German rant shield-boss, shield-rim, margin, edge (Middle High German rant rim, margin, shield, shield-rim, German Rand rim, margin, edge, brink, border, border of a field, welt, strip of leather or rubber placed under the quarter of a boot or shoe, (now archaic or poetic) bank, beach), Old Icelandic rǫnd rim, border, stripe, (chiefly in poetry) shield (Icelandic rönd edge, border, rim, stripe, shield), Old Swedish rand , raandh margin, border, edge, stripe (Swedish rand margin, border, edge, stripe, strip of leather or rubber placed under the quarter of a boot or shoe), Old Danish rand rim, margin, border, stripe (Danish rand rim, margin, edge, border, stripe, strip of leather or rubber placed under the quarter of a boot or shoe), probably < the same Germanic base as rim n.1 + a dental suffix; compare (with different ablaut grade) Icelandic rindi , Norwegian regional rind , rinde , in sense ‘ridge, bank’ (see rind n.3), and (with further extension) Norwegian regional rinse ridge, bank, Crimean Gothic rintsch mountain. A further connection with the Germanic words cited at rames n. has frequently been suggested, but remains uncertain.The β. forms show rounding of the vowel. The original sense of the word was probably ‘border, margin, rim’, although there is relatively little evidence for this in the older literatures, in which the word is chiefly poetic and restricted to the shield (compare branch II.). The word is masculine in all early Germanic languages except Old Icelandic, where it is feminine. Old Frisian rond is attested twice in the phrase rad rond , in a legal context with reference to light injuries. In view of the senses of the cognate nouns in other Germanic languages, it probably shows ‘bruise’ as a spec. application of the sense of ‘rim, stripe’, or it may simply show the sense ‘scratch’. In sense 5 reborrowed partly < German Rand, and partly < its parallel in a modern Scandinavian language. Quot. 1829 is from a translation of Ch. M. Wieland's poem Ein Wintermährchen (1776); although the passage translated in quot. does not contain German Rand ‘rim (of a vessel)’, the German word occurs a few lines later in the original. Also attested early in place names (in sense 1a), as Rande (1086; now Raunds, Northamptonshire), Rande (1086; now Rand, Lincolnshire), Randuorda (1086; now Ranworth, Norfolk), Lullesfordehiderande (a1272; Beeston, Bedfordshire, now lost), Randes (late 13th cent.; now Rand Grange, North Riding, Yorkshire). I. A border, margin, or strip. 1. the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > edge, border, or margin > boundary > [noun] > land-boundary eOE Bounds (Sawyer 367) in W. de G. Birch (1887) II. 259 Of ðam fulan broce wiþ westan randes æsc. c1400 (?c1380) 105 Þe playn..and rawez and randez and rych reuerez. c1400 (?c1390) (1940) 1710 (MED) At þe last bi a littel dich he lepez ouer a spenne, Stelez out ful stilly bi a strothe rande. 1868 J. C. Atkinson Rands,..the borders round fields left unploughed and producing rough grass: applied loosely to the grass in question. 1928 A. E. Pease 101/2 Rands, Reeands, Reeans, the grass borders round arable fields or any strips of grass. 1967 in (1968) VII. 345/1 Rand, a strip of ground at the edge of a river (Per[thshire]). a1852 W. T. Spurdens (1858) III. 40 Rand, a ‘reed-rand’, on our rivers and broads is a margin overgrown with reeds. 1878 S. H. Miller & S. B. J. Skertchly i. 8 In most parts of our country the rivers have their sloping shores and ronds. 1882 G. C. Davies (1884) xv. 110 The rond islands go floating up and down until they find a haven in some dyke or bay. 1887 W. Rye 94 You will be run on to the rond so firmly.., that you will be unable to get off till the tide rises. 1895 22 Apr. 7/4 Including the Hundred Stream or Thurne River and ancient bed, and the rands and walls thereof from Heigham Bridge to the sea at Winterton. 1963 A. Hunter ii. 38 Beyond these [boat sheds], rough rond, some small sheds, then the bungalows to infinity. 1999 R. Malster 64/1 Rond, the swampy margin of a river or broad between the water's edge and the river wall. the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > slope > [noun] > other 1939 27 315 The wooded raised bog..has a strongly marked rand and is more or less densely wooded, particularly on the rand. 1958 26 92 Such a bog is called a raised bog, the sloping slides being called the rand, and the insulating zone round the edge the lagg. 2001 89 139/1 The highest activity on raised-bog peat was shown by M. caerulea on the rand at the north edge of Tarn Moss. 2. the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > cut or piece of meat > [noun] > slice or strip of meat c1330 King of Tars (Auch.) l. 577 in (1889) 11 47 When þe child was y-bore..lim no hadde it non; Bot as a rond [c1390 Vernon roonde] of flesche y-schore it lay..Wiþ outen blod & bon. c1400 (?a1387) W. Langland (Vesp.) C. x. 148 He..ryght wel aspieþ War he may raþerest [Hunt. 137 raþest] haue a repast oþer a ronde [Hunt. 137 rounde] of bacon. 1465–6 in (1841) 435 In ij. rondes of beff, vj. d. 1530 J. Palsgrave 260/2 Rande of befe, giste de beuf. 1572 J. Jones f. 9v Some in forme of Cakes, as at weddings: some Rondes of Hogs, as at vpsittings. c1600 (?c1395) (Trin. Cambr. R.3.15) (1873) 763 Wiþ þe randes of bakun his baly for to fillen. 1611 R. Cotgrave Giste de bœuf, a rand of beefe; a long, and fleshie peece, cut out from betweene the flanke and buttocke. 1623 Althorp MS. in J. N. Simpkinson (1869) App. 46 For a sirloin, a rumpe, a buttocke, 2 necks, and a rond of beef. a1625 J. Fletcher (1652) ii. ii. 48 They came with Chopping-knives, To cut me into Rands, and Surloyns. a1665 K. Digby (1669) 154 I like to adde to this, a rand of tender brisket Beef. 1735 B. N. Defoe (at cited word) A Rand of Beef, a long fleshy Piece of Meat, cut from between the Flank and the Buttock. 1770 G. Cartwright (1792) I. 55 [The skinbag] had been filled with phrippers, pieces of flesh, and rands of seal fat. 1861 L. De Boilieu xiii. 156 A man takes what is termed a ‘rand’, or a large piece of fat. 1895 W. Rye Rand..[seems] to signify any fleshy piece from the edges of the larger divisions of the hind quarter, the rump, loin, or leg. 1971 R. G. Noseworthy Dial. Surv. Grand Bank, Newfoundland in Rans, strips of pork from the back-bone (of the pig) to the belly. the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > seafood > [noun] > fish > cuts or parts of fish a1432 in C. M. Woolgar (1993) II. 544 Sturjon Et de di. barella continenti xxiii rondes. 1572 in W. H. Turner (1880) 345 Item, thre rands of sturgion..xijs. 1622 17 We saw it was also a Grampus which they were cutting vp, they cut it into long rands or peeces, about an ell long, and two handfull broad. 1655 T. Moffett & C. Bennet xviii. 171 Being cold, they [sc. sturgeon] are divided into jouls and rands. 1677 140 To Roast Salmon. Take a Rand or Jole, cut it into four pieces and season it with a little nutmeg and salt. 1685 J. Dunton (MS Rawl. D. 71) 36 Neats Tongues, Westphalic Hams, Runds of Sturgeon. 1723 J. Nott sig. Kk3v Draw your Sturgeon;..cut your first and second Rand very fair, cutting the Tail-piece least. 1773 J. Townshend i. 25 Cut a rand of fresh sturgeon into slices about half an inch thick. 1820 T. Mitchell tr. Aristophanes Acharnians in tr. Aristophanes I. 83 A rand Of tunny fish. 3. the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > footwear > parts of footwear > [noun] > protective studs or plates > other 1598 J. Florio The rande of a shooe. 1647 (1857) I. 347 The deffendant was faine to take those rands to make welts for the plaine shooes. 1688 R. Holme iii. 14/1 Parts of a Shooe..The Rann [is] the Leather as holds the Heel quarters and Vamp to the Soles. 1725 ‘C. Comb-Brush’ 15 Shoes with Russet Rands, and Stockings without Clocks, amount to twenty Shillings of the Money. 1823 E. Moor (at cited word) The rand and welt being stitched to the superior and inferior portions, strengthen the work. 1844 J. F. Watson I. 191 The calfskin shoe then had a white rand of sheep skin stitched into the top edge of the sole. 1885 Jan. 284/2 A wedge-shaped ‘rand’ is put under the heel lifts to make the heel level. 1931 14 May 11/6 There is a leather rand enclosing the edge of the rubber, which prevents it from showing. 1997 May 92/1 The shoes are very lightweight, but the extra high rubber rand and heel protector help to preserve their shape. 2003 (Ellis Brigham) Autumn–Winter 64/2 A full rand with higher than usual toe and heel protectors increases support. society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > iron > [noun] > strip of iron 1831 J. Holland I. 212 The sheet iron..is cut into strips or rands. 1852 C. Tomlinson (1854) II. 309/2 If, instead of this slip of paper, we have a slip or rand of iron. the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric made from specific material > made from other vegetable fibres > [noun] > randed work or basketry > other parts 1903 R. M. Jacot i. p. ix/2 Trade or workshop terms,..randing, or a ‘rand’. 1912 T. Okey v. 20 The next section is formed by a Rand—one single rod worked alternately in front of and behind each Stake. 1959 D. Wright vi. 136 Rand: a single rod worked in front of one stake and behind the next. the world > the earth > water > ice > body of ice > [noun] > piece 1633 T. James 18 As thick rands of Ice, as any we had yet seene. 1665 R. Boyle xv. 385 This vast extent of ice, was either one intire floating Island, or at least a vast bank or rand (as some Seamen term it) of ice. 1702 C. Mather ii. App. 54/1 They kept labouring, and fearfully weather-beaten, among enormous Rands of Ice. 1720 C. Mather xix. 73 What mighty Rands of Ice..have been encounter'd by such Navigators as Munchius and Baffin. c1752 W. Coats (1852) 21 The tides are violently affected by those thick, heavy, deep rands of ice. the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > edge, border, or margin > [noun] 1829 W. Taylor II. 356 [translating C. M. Wieland Ein Wintermährchen] A rusty, brazen, oval vase... ‘Should there be nought within the rand’, Thinks he, ‘I'll take it to the brazier’. 1866 G. Stephens I. i. 182 The raised rands and upstanding carved ridges have been left in their original..glitter. †II. A shield. society > armed hostility > military equipment > armour > shield > [noun] OE Cynewulf 50 Þon[n]e rand dynede, campwudu clynede. OE (2008) 1209 He under rande gecranc. OE (2008) 2609 Hond rond gefeng, geolwe linde, gomel swyrd geteah. OE 37 Rand sceal on scylde, fæst fingra gebeorh. Compounds1840 J. Devlin 91 The single rand-pricker then in use (the forerunner of our present rand-wheel). 1840 J. Devlin 113 One rand iron, a tool for setting up the rand before stitching. ?1845 in P. Walker (1994) Pl. 22 Bone Ran Key. 1875 E. H. Knight III. 1879/2 A rand-guide, by which the rand-coil or ribbon is directed. 1882 iii. 31 Rand turning machine..delivers the rands..in a horse shoe form ready for use. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online June 2022). randn.2  Brit.  /rand/, /rant/, /rɑːnt/, U.S. /rænd/, South African English /rænd/, /rʌnt/Inflections: Plural rands, rande; Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Dutch. Partly a borrowing from Afrikaans. Etymons: Dutch rand; Afrikaans rant. Etymology: < South African Dutch rand (Afrikaans rant hill, ridge), specific use of Dutch rand edge, margin (see rand n.1). In sense 2 after Afrikaans Rand Witwatersrand. Compare earlier rand n.1In plural form rante (compare quot. 1947 at sense 1) after the Afrikaans plural form. South African. the world > the earth > minerals > mineral sources > [noun] > tract of land > specific the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > ridge > [noun] > rocky ridge 1839 J. Collett Diary 27 May in (1976) 663 Finished making New Kralls to day on Willow fountain rant. 1856 F. Fleming v. 109 The country, lying between the Rand and the Fish River, is thickly populated with Fingoes. 1882 S. M. Heckford xvi. 152 As we saw that a storm was brewing we pushed along briskly, but it caught us just as we touched the top of the randt. 1900 A. H. Keane iii. 22 We can here speak of ‘rands’, that is, ridges of moderate elevation, which, however, are sometimes high enough to form water-partings. 1947 H. C. Bosman 74 I shall never forget the scene..in the early morning, when there were still shadows on the rante. 1980 A. J. Blignaut 91 I could hear the swishing of the grass fifty paces away as the leopard tiptoed on the rand. the world > the earth > named regions of earth > Africa > [noun] > parts of South Africa 1887 Minutes Rand Club in L. E. Neame (1957) 10 The first 'general meeting of members of the Rand Club' was held on October 17, 1887.] 1890 28 The best Crushing Spec..on the Rand. 1900 H. C. Hillegas 5 A thousand miles from the Cape of Good Hope, are the gold mines of the Randt. 1928 E. A. Walker xii. 413 Mining areas were proclaimed on the Rand. 1953 D. Lessing iii. 129 He thought of the old prospectors..panning gold.., washing the grit for those tiny grains that might proclaim a new Rand. 1982 J. W. Cell iii. 66 Although the ore on the Rand is apparently inexhaustible, it is commonly of very low quality. 2004 J. Gemmell 224 In 1899 the Rand produced 27 per cent of the world's gold; by 1913 it was 40 per cent. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). randn.3 Brit. /rand/, /rant/, /rɑːnt/, U.S. /rænd/, South African English /rænd/, /rʌnt/ Inflections: Plural rands, unchanged. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Afrikaans. Partly a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymons: Afrikaans rand ; rand n.2 Etymology: Partly < Afrikaans rand (although this is apparently first attested later: 1961; < Rand , the name of a gold-mining area: see rand n.2 2), and partly a transferred use of rand n.2 (compare rand n.2 2).In plural form rand after the unchanged Afrikaans plural form. society > trade and finance > money > standards and values of currencies > [noun] > specific monetary units or units of account > specific South African 1941 A. Sutherland 181 The term kiwi..was in line with a current official proposal to use ‘rand’ for the South African unit. 1959 Act 61 in 702 The coinage units of the Union shall..be the rand (abbreviated as R) and the cent. 1961 27 Jan. 19/4 The occasion was the second dress rehearsal for trading in rand and cents when decimalization overtakes South Africa on the second Tuesday of next month. 1972 P. Driscoll ii. 37 You want wine? It'll cost you two rands a bottle. 1978 J. Paxton (rev. ed.) 21 In March 1976 the E.E.C. agreed to provide Botswana with about 90m. Rand in aid over four years. 1989 F. G. Butler 142 Anything over 100 000 is an impressive figure, except in bankrupt currencies, like the Rand. 2000 G. Arnold xix. 179 The scheme..would cost billions of rands and provide thousands of jobs in all three countries. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). randv.1Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: rand n.1 Etymology: < rand n.1 With sense 1 compare earlier rend v.1 With senses 2a, 2b compare earlier randing n.2 2a, 2b.A prefixed verb Middle English torand ( < to- prefix1 + rand v.1) is also occasionally attested (compare to-rend v.):c1225 (?c1200) St. Katherine (Bodl.) (1981) l. 719 Her..wes þis meiden iset forte al torenden reowliche ant reowðfulliche torondin ȝef ha nalde hare read heren ne hercnin. the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation for table or cooking > preparation of seafood > prepare seafood [verb (transitive)] > cut up or carve > sturgeon c1225 (?c1200) (Royal) (1934) 17 Wið sweord scharpe & wið eawles of irne hire leofliche lich rondin ant rendin. 1630 J. Taylor i. 117/1 The Sturgeon is keg'd, randed, and iold about the eares. 2. 1871 (Woolwich Royal Mil. Acad.) 240 Hoop iron gabion... The iron was randed on 13 wooden pickets. 1873 O. H. Ernst ii. viii. 76 Two men work at the web, one holding the pickets, the other randing. 1917 W. H. Waldron vi. 82 In weaving the hurdle, begin randing at the middle space at the bottom... The wattling is randed or slewed from the form up. the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > manufacture of textile fabric > [verb (transitive)] > basket-making the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > manufacture of textile fabric > manufacture textile fabric [verb (intransitive)] > basket-making processes 1938 C. Crampton (ed. 8) 71 Now rand to a depth of 5 in. from the base and work two rows of waling. 1959 D. Wright ii. 45 After the initial pairing the base may be randed. 1962 1 Aug. 170/3 The basket workers..still keep their rhymed boast: I can rand At your command. 2002 Mar. 298/1 When they learn ‘randing and welting’ or ‘skiving’, they rand, they welt, they skive. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). randv.2Origin: Of uncertain origin. Perhaps a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: rant v. Etymology: Origin uncertain. Perhaps a transferred use of rant v. (compare α. forms at that entry). randy v.1 (which is attested earlier) may show a variant of the same word. Eng. Dial. Dict. (at cited word) records the word as still in use in the Isle of Wight in 1903. Now rare. English regional (chiefly south-western) in later use. society > authority > office > appointment to office > choosing or fact of being chosen for office > election of representative body by vote > proceedings at election > [verb (intransitive)] > canvass society > authority > office > appointment to office > choosing or fact of being chosen for office > election of representative body by vote > proceedings at election > [verb (transitive)] > canvass 1740 C. H. Williams (1822) I. 69 I in plain English will the country rand, And shake each good freeholder by the hand. 1740 C. H. Williams (1822) I. 70 Freeholders with such language well dispense,..Therefore, be wise, go home, and rand no more. 1777–8 R. Wight (MS Bodl. Eng. lang. d.66) 355 Gl[os]. Somers[et]. To Rand, ambire, to Go Round to sollicit Notes and Interest. To Canvass, as Candidates for an Office, Particularly to make Interest for a Member of Parliament. ?c1800 K. Powlett Let. 10 Oct. in K. Thomson (1847) I. xiii. 321 My Lord has been randing these five weeks, but often returned to Lord Lymington's, which is his headquarters. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  n.1eOE n.21839 n.31941v.1c1225v.21740 |