Rankinen.adj.

Brit.

/ˈraŋkɪn/, U.S.

/ˈræŋkən/

Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Rankine.

Etymology: < the name of William John Macquorn Rankine (1820–72), Scottish physicist and engineer. In senses A. 2 and A. 3 in the names of concepts propounded by Rankine or arising from his work.

Physics and Engineering.

A. n. attributive and in the genitive.

1. Rankine's formula n. (also Rankine formula) any of a number of formulae derived by Rankine in his work in various fields; spec. one giving the load under which a supporting column will collapse in terms of the height and cross-section of the column, and quantities determined by the material of which it is made.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > algebra > [noun] > expression > formula

binomial theorem1755

formula1794

Rankine's formula1868

proportionality1882

Hero's formula1886

Rutherford's law1913

Mellin transform1927

Langevin equation1943

1868 J. Bourne Treat. Steam Engine (ed. 8) i. 86/1 (heading) Rankine's formula.

1891 S. Anglin Design of Struct. xi. 209 Apply Rankine's formula to determine the breaking weight of a wrought-iron hollow cylindrical column, its length being 10 feet.

1897 J. A. Ewing Steam-engine (ed. 2) iv. 120 Rankine's formula ought to be applicable when the amount of superheating is very great.

1913 J. Duncan Appl. Mech. for Engineers x. 237 At present, most designers rely on the Rankine formula coupled with a liberal factor of safety.

1976 T. J. Reynolds et al. Struct. Steelwork (ed. 14) xi. 237 Using Rankine's formula, find the safe axial load for a 308 × 305 × 97 kg universal column 3·3 m high.

1994 Thin-walled Struct. 19 246 Formula (20) is called sometimes the extended Rankine's formula.

2. Engineering.

a. Rankine cycle n. a thermodynamic cycle which describes the operation of an ideal composite engine worked by steam or other condensable vapour.The four stages of a Rankine cycle are characterized as isentropic compression, heat addition at constant pressure, isentropic expansion, and heat loss at constant pressure.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > mechanics > dynamics > thermodynamics > [noun] > specific cycle

Rankine cycle1896

1896 R. H. Thurston in Jrnl. Franklin Inst. 142 444 Comparing the efficiency of the best modern steam-engine employing saturated steam, about 0·20, with the Rankine cycle.

1907 W. H. P. Creighton Steam Engine viii. 196 This engine is one which follows the Rankine cycle, where steam at a constant pressure is admitted into the cylinder with no clearance.

1943 E. H. Lewitt Thermodynamics applied to Heat Engines (ed. 3) ix. 212 A reciprocating steam engine, working on the incomplete Rankine cycle, takes steam at 160 lb. per sq. in.

1978 Jrnl. Royal Soc. Arts 126 608/2 We have studied a number of possibilities of achieving higher thermal efficiency than the Rankine cycle used in most of our existing plant.

1995 Sci. Amer. Sept. 138/2 The vapor is used to drive a Rankine-cycle engine similar to that installed in cars.

b. Rankine efficiency n. the efficiency of an actual engine relative to that of an ideal engine that follows the Rankine cycle.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > mechanics > dynamics > thermodynamics > [noun] > specific cycle > efficiency

thermal efficiency1910

Rankine efficiency1933

1933 T. H. Taft Elem. Engin. Thermodynamics ix. 130 (heading) Effect on the Rankine efficiency of changing conditions.

1967 Trans. Inst. Engineers & Shipbuilders in Scotl. 110 21 As turbine efficiency increases with superheat and decreases with pressure the Rankine efficiency gains are modified accordingly.

1986 Appl. Energy 24 60 The overall first-law efficiency is low because of the low Rankine efficiency of about 8–9 per cent and the yearly solar system efficiency of about 30 per cent.

a. attributive. Designating a scale of absolute temperature (i.e. one with its zero identified with absolute zero) in which the degrees are equal in size to those on the Fahrenheit scale; esp. in Rankine scale.The relationships between the Rankine scale and other scales are as follows (F = Fahrenheit, C = Celsius): °R = °F + 459.67 = (°C + 273.15) × 9/5.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > measurement of temperature > [noun] > specific scales

Fahrenheit thermometer1732

Fahrenheit scale1740

Fahrenheit1754

Réaumur scale1764

Celsius thermometer1781

Réaumur1785

Celsius1790

Celsius scale1790

R1806

Wedgwood1807

centigrade1812

absolute temperature scale1886

Kelvin scale1908

Rankine scale1931

Rankine temperature1938

1931 K. M. Watson Industr. Chem. Calculations iii. 36 The Rankine scale of absolute temperature corresponds, in the size of its unit degree, to the Fahrenheit scale. Thus X°F = (x + 460)°R (Rankine).

1962 Encycl. Dict. Physics VII. 207/1 On the Rankine scale, absolute zero is zero degree Rankine, the freezing point of water is 491·7° and the boiling point of water 671·7°.

1993 R. J. Pond Introd. Engin. Technol. (ed. 2) v. 105 The absolute temperature scale in the English system is the Rankine scale.

b. Rankine temperature n. a temperature on the Rankine scale.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > measurement of temperature > [noun] > specific scales

Fahrenheit thermometer1732

Fahrenheit scale1740

Fahrenheit1754

Réaumur scale1764

Celsius thermometer1781

Réaumur1785

Celsius1790

Celsius scale1790

R1806

Wedgwood1807

centigrade1812

absolute temperature scale1886

Kelvin scale1908

Rankine scale1931

Rankine temperature1938

1938 H. O. Croft Thermodynamics, Fluid Flow & Heat Transmission v. 57 T = the Rankine temperature (°F. abs.) and dS = the net change in entropy.

1994 M. Darton & J. O. E. Clark Dent Dict. Measurem. 378 To convert Fahrenheit temperatures to Rankine temperatures, add 459.67.

c. Rankine degree n. a degree of the Rankine scale (cf. sense B.); abbreviated °R or R.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > measurement of temperature > [noun] > unit > specific

Fahrenheit degree1841

Celsius degree1847

Kelvin degree1941

millidegree1951

microdegree1957

Rankine degree1963

Kelvin1968

1963 T. D. Eastop & A. McConkey Appl. Thermodynamics i. 8 Note that 1 Kelvin degree is equivalent to 1·8 Rankine degree.

2005 Catalysis Today 109 100/2 ρ₀ is the density..and T, the temperature in Rankine degrees.

B. adj.

as postmodifier. Of a thermometric degree or specified number of degrees: measured on the Rankine scale.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > measurement of temperature > [adjective] > specific scales

centesimal1635

centigrade1799

Réaumur1799

Fahrenheit1807

cent.1809

Celsius1878

Kelvin1911

Rankine1933

1933 Industr. & Engin. Chem. (Industr. ed.) 25 880/2 A characterization factor defined as the ratio of the cube root of the molal average boiling point, in degrees Rankine, to the specific gravity.

1962 Encycl. Dict. Physics VII. 207/1 On the Rankine scale, absolute zero is zero degree Rankine, the freezing point of water is 491·7° and the boiling point of water 671·7°.

1988 H. A. Klein Sci. Measurem. xxix. 324 The sizes of the degree Rankine and the degree Fahrenheit are identical.

2005 Computers & Chem. Engin. 29 2027/1 In the above equation, ‘473.69’ (in degrees Rankine, °R) is the maximum pour point of −10# diesel oil.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	rankine
释义	Rankinen.adj. Brit. /ˈraŋkɪn/, U.S. /ˈræŋkən/ Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Rankine. Etymology: < the name of William John Macquorn Rankine (1820–72), Scottish physicist and engineer. In senses A. 2 and A. 3 in the names of concepts propounded by Rankine or arising from his work. Physics and Engineering. A. n. attributive and in the genitive. 1. Rankine's formula n. (also Rankine formula) any of a number of formulae derived by Rankine in his work in various fields; spec. one giving the load under which a supporting column will collapse in terms of the height and cross-section of the column, and quantities determined by the material of which it is made. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > algebra > [noun] > expression > formula binomial theorem1755 formula1794 Rankine's formula1868 proportionality1882 Hero's formula1886 Rutherford's law1913 Mellin transform1927 Langevin equation1943 1868 J. Bourne Treat. Steam Engine (ed. 8) i. 86/1 (heading) Rankine's formula. 1891 S. Anglin Design of Struct. xi. 209 Apply Rankine's formula to determine the breaking weight of a wrought-iron hollow cylindrical column, its length being 10 feet. 1897 J. A. Ewing Steam-engine (ed. 2) iv. 120 Rankine's formula ought to be applicable when the amount of superheating is very great. 1913 J. Duncan Appl. Mech. for Engineers x. 237 At present, most designers rely on the Rankine formula coupled with a liberal factor of safety. 1976 T. J. Reynolds et al. Struct. Steelwork (ed. 14) xi. 237 Using Rankine's formula, find the safe axial load for a 308 × 305 × 97 kg universal column 3·3 m high. 1994 Thin-walled Struct. 19 246 Formula (20) is called sometimes the extended Rankine's formula. 2. Engineering. a. Rankine cycle n. a thermodynamic cycle which describes the operation of an ideal composite engine worked by steam or other condensable vapour.The four stages of a Rankine cycle are characterized as isentropic compression, heat addition at constant pressure, isentropic expansion, and heat loss at constant pressure. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > mechanics > dynamics > thermodynamics > [noun] > specific cycle Rankine cycle1896 1896 R. H. Thurston in Jrnl. Franklin Inst. 142 444 Comparing the efficiency of the best modern steam-engine employing saturated steam, about 0·20, with the Rankine cycle. 1907 W. H. P. Creighton Steam Engine viii. 196 This engine is one which follows the Rankine cycle, where steam at a constant pressure is admitted into the cylinder with no clearance. 1943 E. H. Lewitt Thermodynamics applied to Heat Engines (ed. 3) ix. 212 A reciprocating steam engine, working on the incomplete Rankine cycle, takes steam at 160 lb. per sq. in. 1978 Jrnl. Royal Soc. Arts 126 608/2 We have studied a number of possibilities of achieving higher thermal efficiency than the Rankine cycle used in most of our existing plant. 1995 Sci. Amer. Sept. 138/2 The vapor is used to drive a Rankine-cycle engine similar to that installed in cars. b. Rankine efficiency n. the efficiency of an actual engine relative to that of an ideal engine that follows the Rankine cycle. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > mechanics > dynamics > thermodynamics > [noun] > specific cycle > efficiency thermal efficiency1910 Rankine efficiency1933 1933 T. H. Taft Elem. Engin. Thermodynamics ix. 130 (heading) Effect on the Rankine efficiency of changing conditions. 1967 Trans. Inst. Engineers & Shipbuilders in Scotl. 110 21 As turbine efficiency increases with superheat and decreases with pressure the Rankine efficiency gains are modified accordingly. 1986 Appl. Energy 24 60 The overall first-law efficiency is low because of the low Rankine efficiency of about 8–9 per cent and the yearly solar system efficiency of about 30 per cent. 3. a. attributive. Designating a scale of absolute temperature (i.e. one with its zero identified with absolute zero) in which the degrees are equal in size to those on the Fahrenheit scale; esp. in Rankine scale.The relationships between the Rankine scale and other scales are as follows (F = Fahrenheit, C = Celsius): °R = °F + 459.67 = (°C + 273.15) × 9/5. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > measurement of temperature > [noun] > specific scales Fahrenheit thermometer1732 Fahrenheit scale1740 Fahrenheit1754 Réaumur scale1764 Celsius thermometer1781 Réaumur1785 Celsius1790 Celsius scale1790 R1806 Wedgwood1807 centigrade1812 absolute temperature scale1886 Kelvin scale1908 Rankine scale1931 Rankine temperature1938 1931 K. M. Watson Industr. Chem. Calculations iii. 36 The Rankine scale of absolute temperature corresponds, in the size of its unit degree, to the Fahrenheit scale. Thus X°F = (x + 460)°R (Rankine). 1962 Encycl. Dict. Physics VII. 207/1 On the Rankine scale, absolute zero is zero degree Rankine, the freezing point of water is 491·7° and the boiling point of water 671·7°. 1993 R. J. Pond Introd. Engin. Technol. (ed. 2) v. 105 The absolute temperature scale in the English system is the Rankine scale. b. Rankine temperature n. a temperature on the Rankine scale. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > measurement of temperature > [noun] > specific scales Fahrenheit thermometer1732 Fahrenheit scale1740 Fahrenheit1754 Réaumur scale1764 Celsius thermometer1781 Réaumur1785 Celsius1790 Celsius scale1790 R1806 Wedgwood1807 centigrade1812 absolute temperature scale1886 Kelvin scale1908 Rankine scale1931 Rankine temperature1938 1938 H. O. Croft Thermodynamics, Fluid Flow & Heat Transmission v. 57 T = the Rankine temperature (°F. abs.) and dS = the net change in entropy. 1994 M. Darton & J. O. E. Clark Dent Dict. Measurem. 378 To convert Fahrenheit temperatures to Rankine temperatures, add 459.67. c. Rankine degree n. a degree of the Rankine scale (cf. sense B.); abbreviated °R or R. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > measurement of temperature > [noun] > unit > specific Fahrenheit degree1841 Celsius degree1847 Kelvin degree1941 millidegree1951 microdegree1957 Rankine degree1963 Kelvin1968 1963 T. D. Eastop & A. McConkey Appl. Thermodynamics i. 8 Note that 1 Kelvin degree is equivalent to 1·8 Rankine degree. 2005 Catalysis Today 109 100/2 ρ₀ is the density..and T, the temperature in Rankine degrees. B. adj. as postmodifier. Of a thermometric degree or specified number of degrees: measured on the Rankine scale. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > measurement of temperature > [adjective] > specific scales centesimal1635 centigrade1799 Réaumur1799 Fahrenheit1807 cent.1809 Celsius1878 Kelvin1911 Rankine1933 1933 Industr. & Engin. Chem. (Industr. ed.) 25 880/2 A characterization factor defined as the ratio of the cube root of the molal average boiling point, in degrees Rankine, to the specific gravity. 1962 Encycl. Dict. Physics VII. 207/1 On the Rankine scale, absolute zero is zero degree Rankine, the freezing point of water is 491·7° and the boiling point of water 671·7°. 1988 H. A. Klein Sci. Measurem. xxix. 324 The sizes of the degree Rankine and the degree Fahrenheit are identical. 2005 Computers & Chem. Engin. 29 2027/1 In the above equation, ‘473.69’ (in degrees Rankine, °R) is the maximum pour point of −10# diesel oil. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.1868
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