ratafian.

Brit.

/ˌratəˈfɪə/,

/ˌratəˈfiːə/, U.S.

/ˌrædəˈfiə/

Forms: 1600s ratefia, 1600s–1700s rattafia, 1600s– ratafia, 1700s ratifea, 1700s ratifee, 1700s ratifia, 1700s ratifie, 1700s rattafee, 1700s rattefea, 1800s ratafie.

Origin: Apparently a borrowing from French. Etymon: French ratafia.

Etymology: Apparently < French ratafia (although this is first attested slightly later: 1694 denoting a drink, 1675 as a toast in form ratafiat ), of uncertain origin, perhaps ultimately (perhaps via Antilles Creole) < an unattested post-classical Latin expression *rata fiat , formula to seal a bargain (short for *rata fiat conventio let the agreement be ratified; 3rd singular present subjunctive of classical Latin rērī : see ratio n.), used as a toast, and subsequently understood to be the name of the drink. Compare Louisiana French Creole tafia (18th cent.), probably < French, with loss of the first syllable.

a. (a) A liqueur made by steeping nuts, kernels, fruits, or herbs in any sweetened spirit; (b) a sweet aperitif traditional in several regions of France, made by adding brandy to unfermented grape juice and ageing it in a barrel; sometimes flavoured with herbs and other fruits.Almonds and the kernels of cherries, apricots, and peaches are the ingredients most commonly used to flavour ratafia (sense 1a(a)).

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > distilled drink > liqueur > [noun] > kinds of

rosa solis1564

rose wine1603

rose of solace1604

ros solis1607

ratafia1670

brandy-cherrya1687

cherry-brandy1686

kernel-water1706

cherry cordial1710

visney1733

walnut-water1747

aniseed1749

maraschino1770

noyau1787

rosolio1796

cherry-bounce1798

absinthe1803

Parfait Amour1805

curaçao1813

ginger cordial1813

citronelle1818

pine1818

crèmea1821

alkermes1825

Goldwasser1826

citronella1834

anisette1837

goldwater1849

crème de cassis1851

Van der Hum1861

chocolate liqueur1864

kümmel1864

chartreuse1866

pimento dram1867

Trappistine1877

green muse1878

rock and rye1878

Benedictine1882

liqueur brandy1882

mandarin1882

green1889

Drambuie1893

advocaat1895

Grand Marnier1900

green fairy1902

green peril1905

cassis1907

Strega1910

quetsch1916

cointreau1920

anis1926

Izarra1926

Southern Comfort1934

amaro1945

Tia Maria1948

amaretto1969

Sabra1970

sambuca1971

Midori1978

limoncello1993

1670 in Catal. Prints: Polit. & Personal Satires (Brit. Mus.) (1870) I. 584 With toaping Rattafia This with a Jirk, Will do your Work and Scour you o're and o're.

1699 M. Lister Journey to Paris (new ed.) 164 All sorts of Strong Waters, particularly Ratafia's, which is a sort of Cherry Brandy made with Peach and Apricock Stones.

1719 T. D'Urfey Wit & Mirth I. 6 Farewel cold Tea, And Rattafee.

1737 R. Drury Rival Milliners i. viii If you refrain from Ratifea and Paint.

1750 M. Clancy Sharper 36 Do you remember the French Colonel's Ragou's and Ratifia.

1810 G. Crabbe Borough xvi. 220 She chose her comforts, Ratafia and Play: She lov'd the social Game, the decent Glass.

1852 W. M. Thackeray Henry Esmond III. viii. 190 A half-dozen glasses of ratafia made him forget all his woes and his losses.

1894 G. Du Maurier Trilby (1895) iii. 154 Liqueurs of every description—chartreuse, curaçoa, ratafia de cassis, and anisette.

1959 W. James Word-bk. Wine 155 Ratafias were infusions of fruit or herbs in brandy, made by housewives in happier days when brandy was cheap... In the champagne country, ratafia is an aperitif, somewhat stronger than sherry or vermouth, made by mixing some unfermented champagne grape juice with brandy.

1981 Cook's Mag. Sept.–Oct. 16/2 Its zingy, slightly fruity flavor is reminiscent of authentic French ratafia or of the Pineau des Charentes from Cognac.

1996 R. Mabey Flora Britannica 206/1 Most probably the drink was a ratafia, like sloe gin and cherry brandy, and made by steeping the service berries in spirit.

b. More fully ratafia essence. An essence used as a flavouring for food and drink, typically extracted from almonds or the kernels of cherries, apricots, and peaches (cf. sense 1a(a)).

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > additive > other flavourings > [noun]

saffronc1200

rorraa1500

fetida1588

balachong1699

gammon essence1706

ratafia1727

silphium1753

peppermint1811

Honduras sarsaparilla1818

oil of wintergreen1827

wintergreen oil1827

peppermint oil1850

apple oil1852

almond extract1865

duxelles1877

celery salt1897

gianduja1902

onion salt1925

garlic saltc1938

banoffi1994

1727 E. Smith Compl. Housewife 102 (heading) To make a Ratafia Pudding... When 'tis almost cold put in two ounces of Almonds blanched, and beaten fine.

1758 J. Thacker Art Cookery 17 Mix it with a Quarter of a Pound of Almonds well beat, the Juice of a large Lemon, a little Orange Flower Water, a few Drops of Ratafia, or a Laurel Leaf or two bruis'd.

1783 J. Farley London Art Cookery iii. iii. 308 Blanch, and then beat half a pound of sweet almonds..in fine orange, rose, or ratafia water, to keep the almonds from oiling.

1851 Penny Cycl. Suppl. I. 106/1 This substance..forms..the volatile oil of bitter almonds... It is sold in different degrees of dilution to cooks, confectioners, and others, to flavour cakes and liqueurs, under the name of essence of ratafia.

1872 A. E. Youman Dict. Every-day Wants 297/2 Cherry Jam... It is recommended to crack the cherry stones and put the kernels into the jam, but as this is both tedious and troublesome, a few drops of ratafia or almond essence will be found quite as good.

1907 Yesterday's Shopping (1969) 18/1 Essences, for flavouring..ratafia.

1939 Times 6 Nov. 11/6 Boil for a quarter of an hour, add a flavouring of essence of ratafia and tie up the jam securely in pots.

1998 C. G. Sinclair Internat. Dict. Food & Cooking 445/2 Ratafia essence, an alcoholic extract of the kernels of cherries, peaches, almonds and other stone fruits used as a flavouring.

c. A kind of cake or biscuit flavoured with ratafia essence.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > biscuit > [noun] > other biscuits

dorcake14..

cracknelc1440

hard breada1500

crackling1598

Naples biscuit1650

gingerbread man1686

chocolate biscuit1702

biscotin1723

sponge biscuit1736

maple biscuita1753

butter biscuit1758

nut1775

Oliver biscuit1786

funeral biscuit1790

rock biscuit?1790

ratafia1801

finger biscuit1812

Savoy drop1816

lady's finger1818

snap1819

Abernethy1830

pretzel1831

wine-biscuit1834

gingersnap1838

captain's biscuit1843

lebkuchen1847

simnel1854

sugar cookie1854

peppernut1862

McClellan pie1863

Savoy ring1866

Brown George1867

beaten biscuit1876

digestive1876

Osborne1876

Bath Oliver1878

marie1878

boer biscuit1882

charcoal biscuit1885

biscotti1886

fairing1888

snickerdoodle1889

pfeffernuss1891

zwieback1894

Nice1895

Garibaldi biscuit1896

Oswegoc1900

squashed fly1900

amaretto1905

boerebeskuit1905

Romary1905

petit beurre1906

Oswego biscuit1907

soetkoekie1910

Oreo1912

custard cream1916

Anzac1923

sweet biscuit1929

langue de chat1931

Bourbon biscuit1932

Afghan1934

flapjack1935

Florentine1936

chocolate chip cookie1938

choc chip cookie1940

Toll House cookie1940

tuile1943

pizzelle1949

black and white1967

Romany Cream1970

papri1978

1801 J. Mollard Art of Cookery 295 Ratafias. Blanch and pound half a pound of jordan almonds, likewise the same quantity of bitter almonds,..then add a pound of sifted sugar;..cut them into small cakes..and bake them in a slow oven.

1845 J. Bregion & A. Miller Pract. Cook 219 Put half a pound of ratafias in the mould.

1860 ‘G. Eliot’ Mill on Floss III. vi. i. 3 Give him three ratafias soaked in a dessert-spoonful of cream.

c1870 Mirth i. 12 The soles were worn to the thinness and brittle sponginess of ratafias.

1922 A. Jekyll Kitchen Ess. 256 Pour all into a soufflé dish, and sprinkle with chopped pistachio or crushed ratafia, and serve very cold.

1985 Times 13 Nov. 17/8 Transfer the ratafias, still on the paper, to a wire cooling rack.

2006 Western Morning News (Plymouth) (Nexis) 23 Sept. 4 Put the ratafias in a plastic bag and bash with a rolling pin to make fine crumbs.

2. A variety of sour cherry; spec. (in later use) the morello. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > stone fruit > cherry > types of cherry

black cherry1530

geana1533

Plinian1577

mazzard1578

mazardc1595

merry1595

Flanders cherry1597

heart cherry1599

cherrylet1605

agriot1611

morel1611

cœur-cherry1626

bigarreau1629

May-cherry1629

morello1629

urinal cherry1629

white-heart cherry1629

duracine1655

heart1658

black heart1664

carnation1664

duke1664

honey cherrya1671

nonsuch1674

merise1675

red-hearta1678

prince royal1686

lukeward1707

white-heart1707

May duke1718

Royal Ann1724

ox-heart1731

ratafia1777

choke-cherry1785

mountain cherry1811

rum cherry1818

sour cherry1884

Napoleon1886

Napoleon cherry1933

1777 R. Weston Universal Botanist IV. 149 Large black ratafia cherry.

1835 Trans. Hort. Soc. London 2nd Ser. 1 291 Ratafia..is so much allied to the Morello, that..it will be sufficient to state that its leaves are smaller and more tapering towards the base than those of the Morello.

1860 R. Hogg Fruit Man. 61 Ratafia (Brune de Bruxelles), medium-sized, round, and a little flattened at both ends... Flesh dark red, tender, and juicy, with a brash acid flavour.

1949 N. H. Grubb Cherries 154 Ratafia. P. cerasus... This variety, commonly known under both names, is probably grown in England as ‘Morello’.

Compounds

General attributive in sense 1, as ratafia biscuit, ratafia cream, ratafia glass, etc.

ΚΠ

a1711 in E. Hamilton Mordaunts (1965) vi. 134 Rattefea biscakes, sugar puffs, chips.

1728 E. Smith Compl. Housewife (ed. 2) 142 (heading) To make Ratafia Cream.

1755 H. Glasse Art of Cookery (ed. 5) xvi. 285 To make a Trifle. Cover the Bottom of your Dish..with..Ratafia Cakes.

a1756 E. Haywood New Present (1771) 195 Lemon Puffs..Chocolate Puffs..Ratafia Puffs.

1819 J. Keats Let. 17 Apr. (1947) 295 O there is nothing like..a little claret-wine cool out of a cellar a mile deep—with a few or a good many ratafia cakes.

1846 Lady Montefiore Jewish Man. vii. 132 Ratafia Pudding.

1875 Encycl. Brit. I. 595/1 When bitter almonds are pounded in water a ratafia odour is produced.

1926 E. Wylie Orphan Angel vii. 228 Shiloh had at last persuaded his host to let him drink Bohea instead of Madeira or ratafia punch.

1950 Notes & Rec. Royal Soc. 7 261 It was common for housewives to put these leaves into cream to give an almond or ratafia flavour.

1979 Homes & Gardens June 82/3 (caption) Although often described as a ratafia glass, this piece was probably for the much stronger brandy-surfeit-water.

1993 Daily Tel. 19 Jan. 15/2 It is a cold set soufflé which uses gelatine and is decorated by ratafia biscuits soaked in kirsch.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	ratafia
释义	ratafian. Brit. /ˌratəˈfɪə/, /ˌratəˈfiːə/, U.S. /ˌrædəˈfiə/ Forms: 1600s ratefia, 1600s–1700s rattafia, 1600s– ratafia, 1700s ratifea, 1700s ratifee, 1700s ratifia, 1700s ratifie, 1700s rattafee, 1700s rattefea, 1800s ratafie. Origin: Apparently a borrowing from French. Etymon: French ratafia. Etymology: Apparently < French ratafia (although this is first attested slightly later: 1694 denoting a drink, 1675 as a toast in form ratafiat ), of uncertain origin, perhaps ultimately (perhaps via Antilles Creole) < an unattested post-classical Latin expression rata fiat , formula to seal a bargain (short for rata fiat conventio let the agreement be ratified; 3rd singular present subjunctive of classical Latin rērī : see ratio n.), used as a toast, and subsequently understood to be the name of the drink. Compare Louisiana French Creole tafia (18th cent.), probably < French, with loss of the first syllable. 1. a. (a) A liqueur made by steeping nuts, kernels, fruits, or herbs in any sweetened spirit; (b) a sweet aperitif traditional in several regions of France, made by adding brandy to unfermented grape juice and ageing it in a barrel; sometimes flavoured with herbs and other fruits.Almonds and the kernels of cherries, apricots, and peaches are the ingredients most commonly used to flavour ratafia (sense 1a(a)). ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > distilled drink > liqueur > [noun] > kinds of rosa solis1564 rose wine1603 rose of solace1604 ros solis1607 ratafia1670 brandy-cherrya1687 cherry-brandy1686 kernel-water1706 cherry cordial1710 visney1733 walnut-water1747 aniseed1749 maraschino1770 noyau1787 rosolio1796 cherry-bounce1798 absinthe1803 Parfait Amour1805 curaçao1813 ginger cordial1813 citronelle1818 pine1818 crèmea1821 alkermes1825 Goldwasser1826 citronella1834 anisette1837 goldwater1849 crème de cassis1851 Van der Hum1861 chocolate liqueur1864 kümmel1864 chartreuse1866 pimento dram1867 Trappistine1877 green muse1878 rock and rye1878 Benedictine1882 liqueur brandy1882 mandarin1882 green1889 Drambuie1893 advocaat1895 Grand Marnier1900 green fairy1902 green peril1905 cassis1907 Strega1910 quetsch1916 cointreau1920 anis1926 Izarra1926 Southern Comfort1934 amaro1945 Tia Maria1948 amaretto1969 Sabra1970 sambuca1971 Midori1978 limoncello1993 1670 in Catal. Prints: Polit. & Personal Satires (Brit. Mus.) (1870) I. 584 With toaping Rattafia This with a Jirk, Will do your Work and Scour you o're and o're. 1699 M. Lister Journey to Paris (new ed.) 164 All sorts of Strong Waters, particularly Ratafia's, which is a sort of Cherry Brandy made with Peach and Apricock Stones. 1719 T. D'Urfey Wit & Mirth I. 6 Farewel cold Tea, And Rattafee. 1737 R. Drury Rival Milliners i. viii If you refrain from Ratifea and Paint. 1750 M. Clancy Sharper 36 Do you remember the French Colonel's Ragou's and Ratifia. 1810 G. Crabbe Borough xvi. 220 She chose her comforts, Ratafia and Play: She lov'd the social Game, the decent Glass. 1852 W. M. Thackeray Henry Esmond III. viii. 190 A half-dozen glasses of ratafia made him forget all his woes and his losses. 1894 G. Du Maurier Trilby (1895) iii. 154 Liqueurs of every description—chartreuse, curaçoa, ratafia de cassis, and anisette. 1959 W. James Word-bk. Wine 155 Ratafias were infusions of fruit or herbs in brandy, made by housewives in happier days when brandy was cheap... In the champagne country, ratafia is an aperitif, somewhat stronger than sherry or vermouth, made by mixing some unfermented champagne grape juice with brandy. 1981 Cook's Mag. Sept.–Oct. 16/2 Its zingy, slightly fruity flavor is reminiscent of authentic French ratafia or of the Pineau des Charentes from Cognac. 1996 R. Mabey Flora Britannica 206/1 Most probably the drink was a ratafia, like sloe gin and cherry brandy, and made by steeping the service berries in spirit. b. More fully ratafia essence. An essence used as a flavouring for food and drink, typically extracted from almonds or the kernels of cherries, apricots, and peaches (cf. sense 1a(a)). ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > additive > other flavourings > [noun] saffronc1200 rorraa1500 fetida1588 balachong1699 gammon essence1706 ratafia1727 silphium1753 peppermint1811 Honduras sarsaparilla1818 oil of wintergreen1827 wintergreen oil1827 peppermint oil1850 apple oil1852 almond extract1865 duxelles1877 celery salt1897 gianduja1902 onion salt1925 garlic saltc1938 banoffi1994 1727 E. Smith Compl. Housewife 102 (heading) To make a Ratafia Pudding... When 'tis almost cold put in two ounces of Almonds blanched, and beaten fine. 1758 J. Thacker Art Cookery 17 Mix it with a Quarter of a Pound of Almonds well beat, the Juice of a large Lemon, a little Orange Flower Water, a few Drops of Ratafia, or a Laurel Leaf or two bruis'd. 1783 J. Farley London Art Cookery iii. iii. 308 Blanch, and then beat half a pound of sweet almonds..in fine orange, rose, or ratafia water, to keep the almonds from oiling. 1851 Penny Cycl. Suppl. I. 106/1 This substance..forms..the volatile oil of bitter almonds... It is sold in different degrees of dilution to cooks, confectioners, and others, to flavour cakes and liqueurs, under the name of essence of ratafia. 1872 A. E. Youman Dict. Every-day Wants 297/2 Cherry Jam... It is recommended to crack the cherry stones and put the kernels into the jam, but as this is both tedious and troublesome, a few drops of ratafia or almond essence will be found quite as good. 1907 Yesterday's Shopping (1969) 18/1 Essences, for flavouring..ratafia. 1939 Times 6 Nov. 11/6 Boil for a quarter of an hour, add a flavouring of essence of ratafia and tie up the jam securely in pots. 1998 C. G. Sinclair Internat. Dict. Food & Cooking 445/2 Ratafia essence, an alcoholic extract of the kernels of cherries, peaches, almonds and other stone fruits used as a flavouring. c. A kind of cake or biscuit flavoured with ratafia essence. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > biscuit > [noun] > other biscuits dorcake14.. cracknelc1440 hard breada1500 crackling1598 Naples biscuit1650 gingerbread man1686 chocolate biscuit1702 biscotin1723 sponge biscuit1736 maple biscuita1753 butter biscuit1758 nut1775 Oliver biscuit1786 funeral biscuit1790 rock biscuit?1790 ratafia1801 finger biscuit1812 Savoy drop1816 lady's finger1818 snap1819 Abernethy1830 pretzel1831 wine-biscuit1834 gingersnap1838 captain's biscuit1843 lebkuchen1847 simnel1854 sugar cookie1854 peppernut1862 McClellan pie1863 Savoy ring1866 Brown George1867 beaten biscuit1876 digestive1876 Osborne1876 Bath Oliver1878 marie1878 boer biscuit1882 charcoal biscuit1885 biscotti1886 fairing1888 snickerdoodle1889 pfeffernuss1891 zwieback1894 Nice1895 Garibaldi biscuit1896 Oswegoc1900 squashed fly1900 amaretto1905 boerebeskuit1905 Romary1905 petit beurre1906 Oswego biscuit1907 soetkoekie1910 Oreo1912 custard cream1916 Anzac1923 sweet biscuit1929 langue de chat1931 Bourbon biscuit1932 Afghan1934 flapjack1935 Florentine1936 chocolate chip cookie1938 choc chip cookie1940 Toll House cookie1940 tuile1943 pizzelle1949 black and white1967 Romany Cream1970 papri1978 1801 J. Mollard Art of Cookery 295 Ratafias. Blanch and pound half a pound of jordan almonds, likewise the same quantity of bitter almonds,..then add a pound of sifted sugar;..cut them into small cakes..and bake them in a slow oven. 1845 J. Bregion & A. Miller Pract. Cook 219 Put half a pound of ratafias in the mould. 1860 ‘G. Eliot’ Mill on Floss III. vi. i. 3 Give him three ratafias soaked in a dessert-spoonful of cream. c1870 Mirth i. 12 The soles were worn to the thinness and brittle sponginess of ratafias. 1922 A. Jekyll Kitchen Ess. 256 Pour all into a soufflé dish, and sprinkle with chopped pistachio or crushed ratafia, and serve very cold. 1985 Times 13 Nov. 17/8 Transfer the ratafias, still on the paper, to a wire cooling rack. 2006 Western Morning News (Plymouth) (Nexis) 23 Sept. 4 Put the ratafias in a plastic bag and bash with a rolling pin to make fine crumbs. 2. A variety of sour cherry; spec. (in later use) the morello. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > stone fruit > cherry > types of cherry black cherry1530 geana1533 Plinian1577 mazzard1578 mazardc1595 merry1595 Flanders cherry1597 heart cherry1599 cherrylet1605 agriot1611 morel1611 cœur-cherry1626 bigarreau1629 May-cherry1629 morello1629 urinal cherry1629 white-heart cherry1629 duracine1655 heart1658 black heart1664 carnation1664 duke1664 honey cherrya1671 nonsuch1674 merise1675 red-hearta1678 prince royal1686 lukeward1707 white-heart1707 May duke1718 Royal Ann1724 ox-heart1731 ratafia1777 choke-cherry1785 mountain cherry1811 rum cherry1818 sour cherry1884 Napoleon1886 Napoleon cherry1933 1777 R. Weston Universal Botanist IV. 149 Large black ratafia cherry. 1835 Trans. Hort. Soc. London 2nd Ser. 1 291 Ratafia..is so much allied to the Morello, that..it will be sufficient to state that its leaves are smaller and more tapering towards the base than those of the Morello. 1860 R. Hogg Fruit Man. 61 Ratafia (Brune de Bruxelles), medium-sized, round, and a little flattened at both ends... Flesh dark red, tender, and juicy, with a brash acid flavour. 1949 N. H. Grubb Cherries 154 Ratafia. P. cerasus... This variety, commonly known under both names, is probably grown in England as ‘Morello’. Compounds General attributive in sense 1, as ratafia biscuit, ratafia cream, ratafia glass, etc. ΚΠ a1711 in E. Hamilton Mordaunts (1965) vi. 134 Rattefea biscakes, sugar puffs, chips. 1728 E. Smith Compl. Housewife (ed. 2) 142 (heading) To make Ratafia Cream. 1755 H. Glasse Art of Cookery (ed. 5) xvi. 285 To make a Trifle. Cover the Bottom of your Dish..with..Ratafia Cakes. a1756 E. Haywood New Present (1771) 195 Lemon Puffs..Chocolate Puffs..Ratafia Puffs. 1819 J. Keats Let. 17 Apr. (1947) 295 O there is nothing like..a little claret-wine cool out of a cellar a mile deep—with a few or a good many ratafia cakes. 1846 Lady Montefiore Jewish Man. vii. 132 Ratafia Pudding. 1875 Encycl. Brit. I. 595/1 When bitter almonds are pounded in water a ratafia odour is produced. 1926 E. Wylie Orphan Angel vii. 228 Shiloh had at last persuaded his host to let him drink Bohea instead of Madeira or ratafia punch. 1950 Notes & Rec. Royal Soc. 7 261 It was common for housewives to put these leaves into cream to give an almond or ratafia flavour. 1979 Homes & Gardens June 82/3 (caption) Although often described as a ratafia glass, this piece was probably for the much stronger brandy-surfeit-water. 1993 Daily Tel. 19 Jan. 15/2 It is a cold set soufflé which uses gelatine and is decorated by ratafia biscuits soaked in kirsch. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1670
随便看	keirin racing keirin rider keirs keister keisters keitai keitloa keitloas kekchi kekchis kekulé kelang kelch kelchyn keld kelde kelder kelebe kelectrons kelek kelep keleps keleusmatically kelf kelim