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单词 recluse
释义

recluseadj.n.adv.

Brit. /rᵻˈkluːs/, U.S. /ˈrɛˌklus/, /rəˈklus/, /riˈklus/, /ˈrɛˌkluz/, /rəˈkluz/, /riˈkluz/
Forms: Middle English reclues, Middle English reclus, Middle English reclus (plural), Middle English rekles, Middle English– recluse, 1500s recluce; Scottish pre-1700 reclus, pre-1700 1700s– recluse.
Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French reclus.
Etymology: Partly < Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French reclus (French reclus ) retired or secluded from society, especially as part of a religious discipline (12th cent. in Anglo-Norman), shut away (13th cent. in Anglo-Norman), reclusive (14th cent. or earlier in Anglo-Norman), (noun) enclosed place, enclosure, prison, place of (especially religious) retreat (c1000), hermit, recluse, person who lives in solitude (13th cent.), uses as adjective and noun of reclus , past participle of reclure < classical Latin reclūdere reclude v., and partly < post-classical Latin reclusus secluded from the world (8th cent.), (noun) person secluded from the world, anchorite (6th cent.), prisoner (6th cent.), reclusa (feminine noun; also reclausa ) weir, sluice (10th cent.; 1367 in a British source), uses as adjective and noun of classical Latin reclusus , past participle of reclūdere reclude v. Compare Old Occitan reclus (13th cent.), Catalan reclús (14th cent.), Spanish recluso (15th cent.).
A. adj.
1.
a. In predicative use, or as postmodifier. Of a person: retired or secluded from society, esp. as part of a religious discipline. Also: confined as a prisoner. Now rare.In quot. ?c1225 as a metaphor with the notion of Christ in his mother's womb being ‘enclosed’ like an anchorite.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > church government > monasticism > anchorite > [adjective]
recluse?c1225
eremitic1483
eremitarya1492
eremitical1577
hermitical1586
eremitish1605
eremital1613
anchoretical1622
hermitary1633
anchoretal1656
anchoritic1661
hermitic1691
hermitish1812
society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > retirement or seclusion > [adjective] > retired or secluded (of person)
recluse?c1225
private1585
shadya1586
retired1590
umbraticala1637
sequestered1643
reclusive1749
umbratile1850
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 277 Nes he [sc. Christ] him seolf reclus [a1400 Pepys bischett] in Marie wombe.
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) ii. 2817 An holy clerk reclus, Which full was of gostli vertus.
c1410 tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1879) VII. 81 He lerned of a man recluse [?a1475 anon. tr. an incluse] þat in Wlcanes potte..þe soules of dede men were tormented.
c1430 N. Love Mirror Blessed Life (Brasenose e.9) (1908) 42 (MED) Oure lord Jesu as recluse and stoken in his moderes wombe the space of nine monthes..abideth the dewe tyme of his birthe.
a1475 in Anglia (1911) 34 263 (MED) I pray you to..procede Ayeinst the hert..that he be take anoon And put in prison there to be recluse.
1581 R. Mulcaster Positions iv. 15 As most beseeming him, which must liue among many and neuer be recluse.
1639 L. Lawrence tr. San Pedro de Diego Small Treat. betwixt Arnalte & Lucenda 107 He hath retird..; Alone sequester'd, most recluse, where he Dayly expects heart-easing Death to free Him.
1662 S. Pepys Diary 24 May (1970) III. 90 How recluse the Queene hath ever been, and all the voyage never came upon the deck.
1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 89. ⁋3 It..frequently happens that the most recluse are not the most vigorous prosecutors of study.
1799 C. B. Brown Ormond xi. 122 At all other times, he was obstinately recluse.
1849 C. Brontë Shirley III. i. 21 Beauty and affability had come in my way when I was recluse, desolate, young, and ignorant: a toil-worn governess perishing of uncheered labour.
1868 D. Masson Mem. in O. Goldsmith Misc. Wks. (1869) p. xxxvii Young was dying; Gray was recluse and indolent.
1950 F. B. Deknatel Edvard Munch 51 He was recluse, however, as..the many personal reminiscences published after his death testify.
b. In attributive use in the same sense (usually denoting attachment to seclusion or retirement as a way of life).
ΚΠ
1620 tr. G. Boccaccio Decameron II. vii. i. f. 24v One of the holy recluse Nuns..taught me a wholsome and holy prayer.
1679 J. Banks Destr. Troy iii. iii. 43 Deck you his Limbs with rich Embroideries By recluse Virgins of Religion, made.
1710 R. Steele Tatler No. 139. ⁋4 Falling into the Error which recluse Men are very subject to.
1769 W. Robertson Hist. Charles V III. xi. 340 He acquired..the qualities and passions of a recluse ecclesiastick.
1865 C. Merivale Hist. Romans under Empire (new ed.) VIII. lxiv. 114 The fashion set by princes has more influence..than the example of recluse philosophers.
1891 E. Peacock Narcissa Brendon l. 315 I care much more now for our recluse friend than I did before.
1952 M. Tripp Faith is Windsock iii. 37 They cursed the one-cinema town with shuttered windows and recluse inhabitants.
2003 S. White Album i. 15 A recluse artist today, a socialite ambassador of the arts tomorrow.
c. That has withdrawn or been shut off from public view, human intercourse, etc. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > separation or isolation > [adjective]
solec1407
separate1600
sequestereda1616
unconjunctive1643
recluse1656
separated1730
removed1766
insulated1781
stray1796
insulate1803
isolated1811
Robinson Crusoe1823
incommunicado1844
shut-out1853
isolate1854
marooned1883
cut-off1894
shut-away1911
shut-off1913
splitsville1964
1656 N. Hardy First Epist. John: 1st Pt. (i. 2) iv. 51 Things in the bosome are recluse from common view.
a1681 R. Allestree Whole Duty Divine Medit. (1694) 10 Now the reason of the Privacy is this.., that we may be recluse from the Observation of all Mortals.
1708 J. Philips Cyder i. 23 I all the live-long Day Consume in Meditation deep, recluse From human Converse.
1789 Triumphs Fortitude I. 159 I resolved to keep myself as recluse from company as I could during my short stay.
1820 J. Chambers Poet. Wks. 141 Confine me in prison, recluse from man's sight.
1870 J. R. Lowell Cathedral 8 And I, recluse from playmates, found perforce Companionship in things.
2. Of a person's life, condition, character, etc.: characterized by seclusion or withdrawal from society, solitary.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > retirement or seclusion > [adjective]
reclusedc1443
quiet1507
withdrawing1576
secluse1597
reclusive1600
secluded1604
recluse1608
withdrawn?1615
sequestering1620
monastica1631
anchorite1639
solitousa1656
sequestered1658
snug1710
hermitish1812
anchoritish1823
umbratic1839
Garboesque1928
Garboic1937
1608 J. Wilson Eng. Martyrol. 55 Leading a most strict and seuere recluse life for the loue of God.
1650 J. Howell New Vol. of Lett. (ed. 2) lxv. 102 in Epistolæ Ho-elianæ (ed. 2) One who by this recluse passive condition hath his share of this hideous storm.
1709 Tatler No. 32. ⁋4 A Lady who had writ a fine Book concerning the Recluse Life.
1797 T. Holcroft tr. F. L. Stolberg Trav. II. xl. 51 Their mode of living is exceedingly recluse and severe.
1849 G. Grote Hist. Greece V. ii. xlvi. 489 His private habits were sober and recluse.
1867 A. Barry Life & Wks. Sir C. Barry x. 329 Few men had less of a recluse character.
1960 F. W. Mote in A. F. Wright Confucian Persuasion 236 T'ao, it will be recalled, was thought of as a man forced into the recluse life by loyalty to a fallen dynasty.
2007 R. P. Setterdahl Just Between You, Me, & Fence Post xxxix. 180 Hypothetically, could Jesus have just lived a quiet and recluse life of 80 years or so?
3. Of a word or idea: recondite, esoteric. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > unintelligibility > depth, obscurity > [adjective]
higheOE
dighela1000
deepc1000
darkOE
starkOE
dusk?c1225
subtle1340
dimc1350
subtilea1393
covert1393
mystica1398
murka1400
cloudyc1400
hard?c1400
mistyc1400
unclearc1400
diffuse1430
abstractc1450
diffused?1456
exquisitec1460
obnubilous?a1475
obscure?a1475
covered1484
intricate?a1500
nice?a1500
perplexeda1500
difficilea1513
difficult1530
privy1532
smoky1533
secret1535
abstruse?1549
difficul1552
entangled1561
confounded1572
darksome1574
obnubilate1575
enigmatical1576
confuse1577
mysteriousa1586
Delphic1598
obfuscatea1600
enfumed1601
Delphicala1603
obstruse1604
abstracted1605
confused1611
questionable1611
inevident1614
recondite1619
cryptic1620
obfuscated1620
transcendent1624
Delphian1625
oraculous1625
enigmatic1628
recluse1629
abdite1635
undilucidated1635
clouded1641
benighted1647
oblite1650
researched1653
obnubilated1658
obscurative1664
tenebrose1677
hyperbyssal1691
condite1695
diffusive1709
profound1710
tenebricose1730
oracular1749
opaque1761
unenlightening1768
darkling1795
offuscating1798
unrecognizable1817
tough1820
abstrusive1848
obscurant1878
out-of-focus1891
unplumbable1895
inenubilable1903
non-transparent1939
1629 J. Lightfoot Erubhin xxvi. 79 So was Pythagoras circumcised, that he might haue accesse to the recluse misteries of the Aegyptians religion.
1693 W. Kennett Life Somner 62 in W. Somner Treat. Rom. Ports & Forts Kent This key to recluse and antiquated words, improv'd whatever of this nature had been done before.
1749 D. Hartley Observ. Man i. i. 39 This is a mere Supposition, and that of a very recluse Nature.
a1770 M. Akenside Let. in Wks. (1867) p. lxxxiv Systems [is] too recluse and subtle a word.
4.
a. Of a place: secluded, hidden from observation, isolated. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > retirement or seclusion > secluded place or place of seclusion > [adjective]
secrec1374
blindc1386
privatea1513
secret?a1513
shadowy1555
close1571
retired1593
retrait1603
sequestrate1632
recessful1646
recluse1650
reserved1653
secessive1653
coy1670
sequestrated1726
slya1764
secluded1798
shy1841
retiracied1856
undisprivacied1870
madding1874
1650 R. Heath Clarastella 34 Let the foul witch laze in her smokie cel; Onely black toads in recluse vaults do dwel.
1669 A. Woodhead tr. Life St. Teresa (1671) ii. ii. 6 I was very much stomacked by all my Monastery, because I would erect another, more recluse.
1708 Brit. Apollo 7–12 May Those Limpid Streams retrieve their Heats, From Earth's recluse Sulphureous Seats.
1769 J. Hall-Stevenson Yorick's Sentimental Journey Continued IV. 73 The most recluse retreats..are constantly chosen for these oblations.
1825 W. Cobbett Rural Rides in Cobbett's Weekly Polit. Reg. 19 Nov. 449 I never saw any inhabited places more recluse than these.
1895 J. F. Sachse German Pietists Provinc. Pennsylvania ii. 398 Two days later he departed from his humble recluse hut..to enter into the glorious palaces of his Redeemer.
2008 www.wildhorizonsafari.com 28 Jan. (O.E.D. Archive) We will meet our crew again having set up camp in a recluse spot in the bush.
b. Of a thing, action, etc.: hidden, secret, private. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > privacy > [adjective]
sundereOE
privyc1300
close1393
private1472
soleinc1475
secret1528
retired1595
implicit1610
cabinet1611
underhanda1616
closet1639
umbratile1640
closeteda1649
curtain1661
recluse1673
snug1710
pocket1804
entre nous1806
underground1820
sub rosa1824
esoterical1850
esoteric1876
1673 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 8 6132 Of the Sensible Natures of Vegetables, as also of their more recluse Faculties and Powers.
1713 W. Derham Physico-theol. iv. iii. 129 I shall not expiate on these recluse Parts [of the ear].
1783 J. Hoole tr. L. Ariosto Orlando Furioso V. xliii. 99 When a husband, with too curious eye, Into his wife's recluser deeds would pry.
B. n.
1.
a. A person who is or has elected to be secluded or isolated from the world for the purpose of religious meditation, as a monk, nun, hermit, etc.; spec. a person who remains shut up in a cell under a vow of strict seclusion.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > church government > monasticism > anchorite > [noun]
anchorOE
eremitec1200
recluse?c1225
hermitc1275
solitary1435
anchoritea1450
inclusec1460
anchorist1581
cremitt1624
mandrite1844
saint1888
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 8 Þe latere dole of his saȝe limpeð to reclusen [a1250 Nero recluses].
1395 in F. J. Furnivall Fifty Earliest Eng. Wills (1882) 7 (MED) I bequethe to the Reclus frere Thomas..xl s. for to preye for my lordes soule.
c1450 (?c1425) St. Christina in Anglia (1885) 8 129 She lefte hir owne hous and kyndred &..dwellid nyne ȝeere with a womman reclused..Of þe whiche recluse I hadde many thinges þat I haue writen.
a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll.) 893 Thys justis was done tofore the ermytayge where a recluse dwelled.
a1500 (a1450) Partonope of Blois (BL Add.) (1912) 10192 (MED) To hym it were a grete dele bette To be a recluse or elles a frere.
1528–30 tr. T. Littleton Tenures (new ed.) f. xxxviiv Yf there be a recluse that he may not bycause of his order go out of his hous.
1632 P. Massinger & N. Field Fatall Dowry iii. sig. Gv I will not consent to haue you liue Like to a Recluse in a cloyster.
1683 J. Dryden & N. Lee Duke of Guise v. i. 71 This Night, my Lord, I'm a Recluse for ever.
a1701 H. Maundrell Journey Aleppo to Jerusalem (1703) 70 The dayly employment of these Recluses is to trim the Lamps.
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Reclusion The Bishop having harangued the People in Praise of the new Recluse; he conducted her Processionally to her Reclusion.
1820 Q. Rev. 22 66 An assemblage of separate cells, each inhabited by a recluse.
1874 H. R. Reynolds John the Baptist iii. §2. 152 He was clothed with the rough hairy garment worn by the recluse and the prophet.
1916 H. B. Workman Found. Mod. Relig. 197 The love of the saints, the desire to imitate the life of some famous recluse.
1986 D. Watkin Hist. Western Archit. iii. 88/1 The idea of the monk as hermit or recluse had gradually given way to the Benedictine concept.
2007 K. Uhalde Expectations Justice in Age of Augustine ii. 56 While living as a recluse in Chalcis, the monk was caught up in a schism.
b. gen. A person who lives a secluded life or has little contact with society. Also in extended use.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > retirement or seclusion > [noun] > person
anchorite?1614
solitarian1655
retirer1678
solitaire1716
recluse1751
solitarya1763
hermit1799
troglodyte1854
umbratile1888
cop-out1969
1701 R. Claridge Let. from Clergy-man in Country 3 I am not such an absolute Recluse, as to Cloyster my self wholly up from the Things of this World; for I admit of visits from particular Friends.
1748 J. Hervey Medit. & Contempl. (ed. 2) II. 49 The sprightly Morning, which awakens other Animals into Joy, administers no Pleasure to this gloomy Recluse [sc. the owl].
1751 M. Delany Autobiogr. & Corr. (1861) III. 22 I don't think him deserving of her: he is a second son, a plain young man, a recluse in his nature, and very ignorant of the world.
1837 R. W. Emerson Oration before Phi Beta Kappa Soc. 12 There goes in the world a notion, that the scholar should be a recluse, a valetudinarian.
1894 Cent. Mag. June 244 Society lost its charms for him. He who had been a mondain now became almost a recluse.
1947 A. Huxley Let. 9 Mar. (1969) 568 I visualize him as a kind of philosophical recluse, who comments upon all that is happening from the vantage ground of eternity.
1976 J. Lees-Milne Diary 8 May in Through Wood & Dale (1998) 93 He has become a recluse and never leaves the Yorkshire rectory where he has dug himself in.
2005 Hotdog June 122/3 His achievements were offset by crippling mental illness..which saw him become a germ-obsessed recluse.
c. With plural agreement (with the or other determiner). Recluse people in general. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1726 G. Leoni tr. L. B. Alberti Architecture I. 85/1 To disorder, or pollute the minds of the Recluse.
1726 G. Leoni tr. L. B. Alberti Architecture I. 85/1 Those Recluse who to Religion join the study of the liberal Arts.
1752 Ld. Chesterfield Let. 6 Jan. in Lett. to Son (1774) II. 204 See the air and manners of those Recluse, who are a distinct nation themselves, and like no other.
2. That which is contained or enclosed in something; contents; store, accumulation. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition of being internal > [noun] > that which is within > contents
liningc1430
recluse?1440
content1526
supellex1553
furniture1612
gut1663
tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) xii. 308 Baskettis of seggis..So they be thykke, and saue their recluse.
c1460 (?c1435) J. Lydgate Minor Poems (1934) ii. 667 (MED) Of cros nor pyl ther is no reclus, Preent nor impressioun in al thy seyntuarye.
3.
a. A place of seclusion; a hermitage. Also in extended use. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > retirement or seclusion > secluded place or place of seclusion > [noun]
wroa1300
recluse1474
reclusage1480
retreatc1500
retire1595
rendezvous1598
retirement1603
recess1611
shadea1616
Jericho1635
privacy1648
sequesterment1778
seclusion1791
retraite1814
backwater1820
hideaway1930
1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Play of Chess iii. xi He dyde do to be gyuen whilis he laye in his deth bedde to eche churche and recluse and to poure peple a certayn quantyte of moneye.
1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) I. v. 603/2 Commaundyng..that the dore of the recluse in whiche the sayd Matild was, should be opened.
1621 R. Brathwait Natures Embassie 86 Hast thou..No Refuge nor no Recluse for thy hope?
1630 R. Brathwait Eng. Gentleman 281 Let our bosome (the recluse of Secrets) be like the Lions den in the Apologue.
1658 H. Slingsby Diary (1836) 208 Privacy,..the only recluse of safety,..may become as dangerous as a place of agency.
1720 J. Strype Stow's Surv. of London (rev. ed.) I. iii. xii. 232/1 Build her a Recluse or Ankorage.
1772 J. Wise Churches' Quarrel Espoused 65 It is certain, that the church of Christ is the..sacred recluse and peculiar assilum of religion.
b. A reservoir for water. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > lake > pool > [noun] > constructed reservoir
recluse1593
conservera1614
reserver1615
conservatory1626
tank1634
reservatory1666
reservoir1686
kund1837
impounding reservoir1875
catch basin1884
spring box1887
tank1898
1593 T. Nashe Christs Teares 23 b Heere ebbe the spring-tide of my Teares, Eyes from this present, prepare your selues to be recluses.
4. Reclusion; retirement. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > retirement or seclusion > [noun]
privity?c1225
reclusionc1430
abstractionc1450
recess?1532
privacy1534
solitariousness1545
retirea1554
secess1570
privatenessa1586
retirednessa1586
retirement1603
secrecy1607
closeness1612
shadow1612
privatea1616
recluseness1648
abstractednessa1653
recluse1665
abscondence1694
seclusion1785
seclusiveness1822
retiracy1824
secludedness1835
retraite1843
society > faith > church government > monasticism > anchorite > [noun] > life of
reclusionc1430
anchorism1573
anchoritism1660
recluse1665
hermitship1825
1665 G. Wither Medit. upon Lords Prayer Preamble This made me desirous to spend those days of recluse..in what might glorifie God.
5. = recluse spider n. at Compounds.
ΚΠ
1976 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 11 May 35/2 The Brown Recluse is at the border. The small, poisonous spider has been moving steadily northward from its home in the south-central United States.
1978 G. B. Williams Pest Extermination Handbk. vi. 68 When fully grown, the recluse is about 1½ inches long, the same size as the female black widow.
2002 L. White Essent. Maternal & Pediatric Nursing ii. viii. 238/2 The recluse bite is not fatal, but the ulcer may take months to heal.
C. adv.
As a recluse; in a reclusive manner. Usually in to live recluse. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > retirement or seclusion > [adverb]
in privity?c1225
in private1469
on private1582
monkishly1595
retiredly1599
recluse1612
reclusely1748
in seclusion1785
secludedly1837
en retraite1840
reclusively1845
upon the snug1861
to lie up1881
1612 B. Jonson Alchemist iv. i. sig. H4v Such a feature That might stand vp the Glory of a Kingdome, To liue recluse? is a mere solæcisme, Though in a Nunnery. View more context for this quotation
1622 F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Phylaster (new ed.) i. 9 A vertuous Court, to which your great ones may..retire, and liue recluse.
1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 156 The Women, both White and Black, are kept recluse.
1734 J. Gill & S. Wilson Serm. ɪ Tim. v. 17 23 in Mutual Duty Pastor & People They live recluse themselves, and with-hold more than is meet.
1782 W. Cowper Conversation in Poems 252 I have liv'd recluse in rural shades.
1842 H. Taylor Edwin the Fair iii. viii. 164 We deemed it wise that this illustrious lady Should visit Chester, there to live recluse.

Compounds

recluse spider n. any of various venomous New World spiders of the genus Loxosceles (family Sicariidae) (also called violin spider); esp. (more fully brown recluse spider) L. reclusa of the south-eastern United States, which lives beneath logs or stones or in dark recesses in buildings.
ΚΠ
1962 Northwest Arkansas Times 4 Oct. 9/5 The University has received a $4,462 grant..to finance a study of the biology of the brown recluse spider.
2003 Guardian 6 Nov. (Life section) 7/1 The recluse spider produces venom so potent that it can inflict bites on humans that can require emergency treatment.

Derivatives

reˈcluse-like adj.
ΚΠ
1846 G. H. Francis in Fraser's Mag. Dec. 660/2 His [sc. Gladstone's] recluse-like air has been already mentioned.
1908 C. L. Kingsford in J. Stow Surv. of London I. xli Stow's attitude was not, however, due to any recluse-like absorption in books.
1946 E. Blunden Shelley xvii. 213 The fashionable round..did not prevent her from falling under the spell of the recluse-like Shelley.
1990 B. Wilson Social Dimensions of Sectarianism (1992) xi. 233 An account of Hubbard's..recluse-like existence in California.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2009; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

reclusev.

Brit. /rᵻˈkluːs/, U.S. /rəˈklus/, /riˈklus/, /rəˈkluz/, /riˈkluz/
Forms: Middle English reclus (past participle), Middle English recluse (past participle), Middle English– recluse.
Origin: Perhaps of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Perhaps also partly formed within English, by conversion. Etymons: French reclus , reclure ; Latin reclūs- , reclūdere ; recluse n.
Etymology: Partly < Middle French reclus (feminine recluse), past participle of reclure (c1000 in Old French; < classical Latin reclūdere reclude v.), and partly < classical Latin reclūs-, past participial stem of reclūdere reclude v. In later use perhaps also partly < recluse n. Compare Old Occitan recluire , Spanish recluir (15th cent.), Italian recludere (14th cent.). Compare reclude v.
transitive. To confine, shut up, or seclude; = reclude v. Also reflexive.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > retirement or seclusion > seclude [verb (transitive)]
reclusea1400
sequesterc1430
withdrawa1450
sequestrate1513
solitary1581
reclude1598
seclude1629
bury1711
recess1795
backwater1885
society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > restraint depriving of liberty > confinement > confine [verb (transitive)]
beloukOE
loukOE
sparc1175
pena1200
bepen?c1225
pind?c1225
prison?c1225
spearc1300
stopc1315
restraina1325
aclosec1350
forbara1375
reclosea1382
ward1390
enclose1393
locka1400
reclusea1400
pinc1400
sparc1430
hamperc1440
umbecastc1440
murea1450
penda1450
mew?c1450
to shut inc1460
encharter1484
to shut up1490
bara1500
hedge1549
hema1552
impound1562
strain1566
chamber1568
to lock up1568
coop1570
incarcerate1575
cage1577
mew1581
kennel1582
coop1583
encagea1586
pound1589
imprisonc1595
encloister1596
button1598
immure1598
seclude1598
uplock1600
stow1602
confine1603
jail1604
hearse1608
bail1609
hasp1620
cub1621
secure1621
incarcera1653
fasten1658
to keep up1673
nun1753
mope1765
quarantine1804
peg1824
penfold1851
encoop1867
oubliette1884
jigger1887
corral1890
maroon1904
to bang up1950
to lock down1971
a1400 W. Langland Piers Plowman (Corpus Cambr.) (1873) C. v. l. 116 Be reclusid [a1425 London Univ. be reclus; c1400 Huntington HM 137 Red me nat..no reuthe to haue, Til..religious out-ryders reclused in here cloistres].
1450 Rolls of Parl. V. 195/2 The Priours or Convent of the Howses and places.., in which eny Nonnes are reclused.
a1500 in Antiquary (1901) 37 54 (MED) This tyrant..made her to be reclusyd in prison ix Dayes.
1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. GGiiii Being reclused or shut vp in a derke prison.
a1631 J. Donne Annunciation & Passion in Poems (1654) 333 She sees..the Virgin mother stay Reclus'd at home.
1657 J. Trapp Comm. Neh. vi. 10 A house he had in the Temple: and there he had reclused and shut up himself.
1713 Countess of Winchilsea Misc. Poems 95 From speech restrain'd, by thy deceits abus'd, To Desarts banish'd, or in Cells reclus'd.
1739 T. Rowe Elegies on Mrs. Rowe in E. S. Rowe Misc. Wks. I. p. cxxiv Reclus'd from all the world, and worldly care, Thy life's sole bus'ness charity and pray'r.
1899 Amer. Jrnl. Soc. 4 559 A considerable class of criminals..belong to the dependent or dangerous classes, and these should be reclused.
1929 Sci. Monthly June 552/2 Mistaken votaries to the powers divine..banished to deserts or reclused in cells.
2004 V. Patten Somewhere Every Day 13 She had reclused herself for two weeks in her bedroom.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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adj.n.adv.?c1225v.a1400
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