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单词 reasoning
释义

reasoningn.

Brit. /ˈriːzn̩ɪŋ/, /ˈriːz(ə)nɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈrizn̩ɪŋ/, /ˈriznɪŋ/
Forms: see reason v. and -ing suffix1; also 1700s reas'ning (poetic); Scottish pre-1700 reasouneing, pre-1700 ressoneing.
Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: reason v., -ing suffix1.
Etymology: < reason v. + -ing suffix1.
1. The action of reason v.; esp. the process by which one judgement is deduced from another or others which are given.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > understanding > reason, faculty of reasoning > process of reasoning, ratiocination > process of inferring, inference > [noun]
reasoning?c1400
collection1529
conclusion1532
induction1551
inferring1571
remotion1587
syllogism1588
deduction1593
inference1593
inferment1593
extraction1622
eduction1654
perduction1656
reducementa1750
deducing1826
vertical thinking1966
?c1400 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (BL Add. 10340) (1868) v. pr. v. l. 4907 But how shal it þan be yif þat wit and ymaginacioun stryuen aȝeins resonynge [L. ratiocinationi].
a1413 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (Pierpont Morgan) (1882) iv. l. 1046 I may wel make..My resonynge of goddes pourueyaunce, And of þe thinges, þat to comen be.
c1454 R. Pecock Folewer to Donet 74 (MED) Many men wolen wondre whi ȝe graunten oure natural resonyng to haue so mych place about þe gendryng and þe contynuyng of feiþ.
a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. lxix. f. xxiiiiv For resonyng and profe of this was after assygned .vii. score Iewes.
a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 91 Hyt ys a commyn faute in resonyng to lay a faute ther as non ys.
1587 Sir P. Sidney & A. Golding tr. P. de Mornay Trewnesse Christian Relig. i. 1 There is no reazoning against those which deny the Principles.
1644 J. Milton Doctr. Divorce (ed. 2) To Parl. sig. A2v Who..make it their chiefe designe to envie and cry-down the industry of free reasoning.
1651 T. Hobbes Philos. Rudim. ii. 20 By Right Reason in the naturall state of men, I understand not, as many doe, an infallible faculty, but the act of reasoning, that is, the peculiar and true ratiocination of every man concerning those actions of his which may either redound to the dammage, or benefit of his neighbours.
1725 D. Defoe New Voy. round World ii. 153 A little Reasoning with them, brought some of the Men to their Senses.
1781 W. Cowper Table Talk 53 Such reasoning falls like an inverted cone, Wanting its proper base to stand upon.
1839 H. Hallam Introd. Lit. Europe III. ii. 76 Close reasoning, which..yields to no ambiguousness of language.
1866 ‘G. Eliot’ Felix Holt I. ii. 58 The Rector was helped to this chain of reasoning by Harold's remarks.
1914 Physical Rev. 2nd Ser. 4 369 The application of dimensional reasoning to mechanical problems is often useful in the interpretation of model experiments.
1954 G. Polya Induction & Analogy in Math. Pref. p. v We secure our mathematical knowledge by demonstrative reasoning, but we support our conjectures by plausible reasoning.
c2006 P. Annin Great Lakes Water Wars xii. 232 She listened to the reasoning behind the agreement and was open to hearing other people out.
2. An instance of this.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > understanding > reason, faculty of reasoning > process of reasoning, ratiocination > [noun] > instance of
reasoning?a1425
ratiocinationc1620
the mind > mental capacity > understanding > reason, faculty of reasoning > process of reasoning, ratiocination > argument, source of conviction > [noun] > sequence of arguments
argument1393
seriec1405
reasoning?a1425
argumentation1548
the mind > attention and judgement > testing > debate, disputation, argument > [noun] > instance of
argumenta1513
reasoning1611
the mind > language > speech > conversation > [noun] > topic of or subject for conversation or gossip > discussion
debate1393
revolutionc1425
treatingc1450
disputation1489
debatement1536
debating1548
discuss1571
discussion1598
reasoning1611
entertainment1625
ventilationa1631
ventilating1660
discussal1809
skull session1959
séance1962
?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 82 Þat forsoþ þat is of..plectory in þe propre resonyngz [?c1425 Paris resons; L. ratiocinijs] of hem is nowe said aboue in þe tretys of apostemez.
c1454 R. Pecock Folewer to Donet 17 (MED) Mannys soul wirchiþ summe werkis wherto he vsiþ not as instrumentis eny parti of his bodi, as ben vndirstondyngs, resonyngis, willyngis, and nyllyngis.
1552 King Edward VI Jrnl. (Roxb.) 457 The reasonings be in my deske.
1611 Bible (King James) Luke ix. 46 There arose a reasoning among them, which of them should be greatest. View more context for this quotation
1651 T. Hobbes Philos. Rudim. ix. §1. 135 Socrates is a man, and therefore a living creature, is a right reasoning, and that most evident.
a1720 W. Sewel Hist. Quakers (1795) I. ii. 101 Several people accompanied him, and he had great reasonings with them.
1793 E. Darwin in T. Beddoes Let. to E. Darwin 61 Your..reasonings..indicate..hyperoxygenation to be the cause of this fatal disease [sc. consumption].
1812 L. Hunt in Examiner 14 Dec. 785/2 He would not enter into a reasoning on the subject.
1880 L. Stephen Alexander Pope vii. 163 The reasonings in the Essay are confused, contradictory, and often childish.
1907 J. Conrad Secret Agent xi. 326 Like a peripatetic philosopher, Mr Verloc, strolling along the streets of London, had modified Stevie's view of the police by conversations full of subtle reasonings.
1962 R. Wohlstetter Pearl Harbor ii. 156 Some rather closely considered and hardheaded reasonings about the Japanese political and economic situation.
2001 M. Palmer Question of God 84 All reasonings concerning matter of fact seem to be founded on the relation of cause and effect.

Compounds

General attributive, as reasoning faculty, reasoning ground, reasoning power, reasoning thread, etc.
ΚΠ
1581 R. Mulcaster Positions x. 58 They did vtter their beginninges or prohemes with a gentle and a moderate voice, their narrations, and reasoning discourses with more straining, and louder.
1651 T. Hobbes De Cive iii. §25 They destroy and weaken the reasoning faculty, who doe that which disturbs the mind from its naturall state.
1686 F. Fane Sacrifice i. ii. 24 My Reasoning faculty, that was my guide, Is so bewildred in this Hellish Fog,That I do often grope for't, seldom find it.
1741 I. Watts Improvem. Mind i. i. 6 To address yourself to the Work of improving your reasoning Powers.
1743 A. Pope Dunciad (rev. ed.) i. 179 Or quite unravel all the reas'ning thread.
1782 W. Cowper Conversation in Poems 234 The reas'ning pow'r vouchsafed of course inferred The pow'r to cloath that reason with his word.
1846 G. F. Graham Eng. Synonymes 215 In order to persuade, we address the feelings and the imagination. In order to convince, we address the reasoning faculty.
1875 E. White Life in Christ i. i. 14 Such contradictory arguments as these, the reasoning-grounds..of two opposing schools.
1901 B. Hollander Revival of Phrenol. i. 36 The frontal lobe, as the seat of the reasoning faculty, is an inhibitory apparatus against the lower and more instinctive natural impulses.
1940 Amer. Econ. Rev. 30 612 Such consideration is vital to the stimulation of interest, reasoning power, judiciousness, and understanding on the part of students.
2005 K. Corrigan Reading Plotinus ii. 56 The common sense sees falsely before the reasoning faculty has passed judgement upon it.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

reasoningadj.

Brit. /ˈriːzn̩ɪŋ/, /ˈriːz(ə)nɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈrizn̩ɪŋ/, /ˈriznɪŋ/
Forms: see reason v. and -ing suffix2; also 1700s reas'ning (poetic).
Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: reason v., -ing suffix2.
Etymology: < reason v. + -ing suffix2.
That reasons (in various senses).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > understanding > reason, faculty of reasoning > process of reasoning, ratiocination > [adjective]
reasoningc1454
dianoetical1570
discoursing1571
discoursory1581
ratiocinative1585
discoursive1588
discursive1595
discoursative1604
discursory1614
logistic1638
logistical1644
discussive1645
rationative1650
dianoetic1677
reasoned1684
ratiocinatory1728
raisonné1777
c1454 R. Pecock Folewer to Donet 196 (MED) Noon oþir þing saue god, we silf and oþir resonyng creature, may be it to whom we mowe wirche eny moral deede morali.
a1631 J. Donne To Mr. T.W. in Poems (1633) 95 I have given thee, and yet thou art too weake, Feete and a reasoning soule and tongue to speake.
1665 J. Glanvill Sciri Tuum: Authors Defense Let. Aristotle 80 in Scepsis Scientifica Thus was the reasoning World despoil'd of that freedom which is the priviledge of Humane Nature.
1711 Ld. Shaftesbury Characteristicks II. iv. 118 Every reasoning or reflecting Creature.
1737 A. Pope Epist. of Horace i. i. 185 That reas'ning, high, immortal Thing, Just less than Jove.
1782 W. Cowper Hope in Poems 148 Then praise is heard instead of reas'ning pride.
a1822 P. B. Shelley Charles I ii, in Wks. (1870) II. 382 All that makes the age of reasoning man More memorable than a beast's.
1870 J. H. Newman Ess. Gram. Assent i. iv. 91 After all, man is not a reasoning animal.
1935 E. Bowen House in Paris iii. i. 262 Leopold touched her belt and followed it round a little; for the first time his fingers had a reasoning touch.
1966 M. Pohlenz Freedom in Greek Life & Thought 137 His field of action could only be the community of reasoning beings into which his human nature had placed him.
2001 M. C. Nussbaum Upheavals of Thought (2003) 3 Emotions are not just the fuel that powers the psychological mechanism of a reasoning creature.

Derivatives

ˈreasoningly adv.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > understanding > reason, faculty of reasoning > process of reasoning, ratiocination > [adverb]
with main logicc1540
rationally1546
discoursively1588
discursively1611
logically1620
ratiocinatively1656
reasoningly1761
dianoetically1822
reasonedly1836
1761 J. Stonhouse Universal Restitution xii. 242 This doctrine may appear indeed very unreasonable to the reasoning soul, because the powers of our human understanding being conversant only with sensible objects, we cannot judge reasoningly but by reflections drawn from sensible nature.
1881 H. James Washington Square xxvi. 197 She had spoken up to this moment without vehemence or outward sign of emotion, gently, reasoningly, only trying to explain.
1886 H. James Bostonians III. iii. xxxvi. 111 ‘That's not the way,’ Verena went on, reasoningly.
1912 G. K. Chesterton Manalive i. i. 29 He was..talking to himself cheerfully, reasoningly, half apologetically.
1971 Stanford Law Rev. 24 111 How can the credits for licensee performance, determined and expressed in absolute terms, be reasoningly considered together in the decision process with the preferences, which must be adjudged and expressed in relative terms?
2005 J. Covino Berkeley Bashed iv. 93 To converse and discuss any topic of controversy logically, rationally, and reasoningly means only to argue and debate it relentlessly.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.?c1400adj.c1454
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更新时间:2024/12/23 19:17:17