单词 | re-entrant |
释义 | re-entrantadj.n. A. adj. 1. a. Fortification. Designating an angle or structure formed by two lines of works meeting and pointing towards the centre of the fortification. Opposed to salient. Now historical. ΚΠ 1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I Angle Re-entring or Re-entrant Angle, in Fortification, is that which retires inward toward the Place. 1770 R. Stevenson Mil. Instr. for Officers ii. 20 A work with two faces..in such a situation should be made with a re-entrant angle, (that is, the angle pointing from the enemy). 1825 J. Denniston Legends Galloway i. 25 A star-fort, having a deep re-entrant angle on each of its sides, without any curtain. 1862 W. P. Craighill Army Officer's Pocket Compan. 226 The thickness of parapets of all the flanks and of the faces of the reentrant works is four and a half feet. 1929 Times 16 July 17 The gradual growth of the city [sc. Paris]..with here and there the survival of some re-entrant angle or bastion. 2006 K. Andrews & G. R. Bugh Castles of Morea (rev. ed.) xviii. 217/1 The small lower platform..drawn at the re-entrant angle on the western side [of the bastion] has disappeared in the general collapse. b. Of an angle: pointing inward; (of a line) forming part of such an angle; (Geometry) designating an interior angle of a polygon or other closed figure that is greater than 180 degrees. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > angularity > [adjective] > constituting an angle > pointing inward re-entrant1780 the world > space > direction > [adjective] > bending or winding > turned back > doubled back on former direction rentrant1702 re-entering1787 re-entrant1876 1780 J. T. Dillon Trav. Spain App. 434 After the most diligent observation in that singular range of hills of the Sierra Vermeja, he could find nothing which seemed to confirm the opinion relating to the saliant and reentrant angles of Bourget, and other modern philosophers. 1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 588 When the faces form a re-entrant angle, common dove-tailing is preferable. 1876 P. G. Tait Lect. Recent Adv. in Physical Sci. (ed. 2) v. 108 Any re-entrant line whatever may be supposed to be traced. 1939 E. D. Laborde tr. E. de Martonne Shorter Physical Geogr. (rev. ed.) x. 143 Valleys can always be recognised by the re-entrant angle outlined by the contours at their head. 1967 M. Chandler Ceramics in Mod. World iv. 122 It is difficult to form reentrant shapes between two dies. 1999 I. Kostov & R. I. Kostov Crystal Habits Minerals iii. 34 A salient feature of the twinned crystals of minerals is their frequent re-entrant angles. c. Physical Geography. Designating an angular valley deeply cut into a hillside or mountainside. Also in extended use. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > low land > valley > [adjective] > other types subsidiary1826 V-shaped1835 diaclinal1874 anaclinal1875 antecedent1875 cataclinal1875 consequent1875 superimposed1875 epigenetic1888 subsequent1889 insequent1897 oversteepened1900 re-entrant1901 1901 Bull. Amer. Geogr. Soc. 33 134 The passes in the Alps which are approached by deep re-entrant valleys are those crossed by railroads to-day. 1947 Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. 50 300 It is distinguished from them by deeper reëntrant angles and valleys in its teeth. 1952 G. H. Dury Map Interpr. iii. 22 The short re-entrant valleys or combes in the Cotswold scarp-face are more sharply and deeply cut. 1970 J. P. Hirth in M. F. Kanninen et al. Inelastic Behavior of Solids 295 The top of the Peierls energy trough has the shape of a sharp reentrant valley. 2003 B. O'Connor Alpine Ski Mountaineering II. 137 It is possible to reach the same place by an ascent up wooded slopes SW of Alp Devero to Alp Misanco at 1907m. From there follow a re-entrant valley to pt.2296. 2. a. Of an armature winding: closing in on itself. Frequently with singly, doubly, etc., denoting the number of independent closed circuits in a winding. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrical engineering > armature > [adjective] > returning upon itself re-entrant1901 1901 S. Sheldon & H. Mason Dynamo Electr. Machinery iii. 46 A singly-re-entrant winding is one in which, by successive angular advances, all the coils have been laid when an advance of 360° has been made. 1938 A. E. Clayton Performance & Design Direct Current Machines (ed. 2) iii. 73 It is not helpful to find the same type of winding described by various authors as ‘duplex, singly re-entrant’, ‘duplex, double re-entrant’, and ‘duplex with two independent windings’. 1970 Basic Electr. (Bureau Naval Personnel, U.S.) (ed. 2) xviii. 346/2 It is single reentrant—that is, the winding closes on itself at the end of one complete turn around the armature. 2005 P. A. Laplante Comprehensive Dict. Electr. Engin. (ed. 2) 573/1 In a doubly re-entrant duplex winding, the ends of the two windings close only on themselves and not on each other, creating two distinct circuits. b. Medicine. Designating, relating to, or involved in a cardiac arrhythmia that occurs when an impulse follows an abnormal pathway through the heart tissue and re-excites an area which it has previously stimulated. ΚΠ 1921 T. Lewis in Lancet 16 Apr. 786/2 This is what is meant by circus movement; it is constituted by a wave of response, which travels continuously through a re-entrant path of muscle. 1926 Amer. Heart Jrnl. 2 82 This may lead to the appearance of ectopic rhythms; reentrant waves and circus movements may be accounted for by regional or diffuse accumulations of hydrogen ions. 1972 A. N. Damato in H. I. Russek & B. L. Zohman Changing Concepts Cardiovascular Dis. xvii. 195 By further slowing intraventricular conduction, procainamide may cause the propagating impulse to be completely blocked within the re-entrant circuit and thereby abolish the re-entrant rhythm. 1993 Sci. Amer. July 54/3 When successful, the surgery halts propagation of impulses through a pathway known as a reentrant circuit. 2007 Procycling June 36/2 The rest of the site includes a full explanation of Julich's battle with re-entrant supraventricular tachycardia. 3. Acoustics. Designating a form of horn loudspeaker in which the bore is divided and folded upon itself before expanding to the flare, in order to reduce space. ΘΚΠ society > communication > record > recording or reproducing sound or visual material > sound recording and reproduction > sound recording or reproducing equipment > [adjective] > loudspeaker re-entrant1928 1928 Gramophone Jan. 345/1 There are now listed three models (called ‘re-entrant’) in which a relatively broad acoustic system is, by means of embodying a double reflexion of tone, enabled correctly to expand to quite a wide-mouthed horn in no greater depth from front to back than is allowable in the relatively shallow American pattern cabinet. 1960 Pract. Wireless 36 395/2 Speakers of the re-entrant type will be found most suitable. 1992 RS Components: Electronic & Electr. Products July 978/1 A 15/25W re-entrant horn speaker with high frequency drive unit for 100V line public address installations. 4. Music. Designating a way of tuning various stringed instruments, including the citole, cittern, ukulele, and early forms of guitar, in which the open strings are tuned to a pattern of rising and falling intervals, rather than to successively higher pitches. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > pitch > tuning or intonation > [adjective] > tuning of strings overwinded1858 re-entrant1948 1948 Galpin Soc. Jrnl. 1 48 The cittern's curious re-entrant tuning gives simply-fingered versions of all the chords commonly used in contemporary music. 1961 A. C. Baines Musical Instruments through Ages vii. 166 Its [sc. the cittern's] tunings..were re-entrant, with the fourth course higher in pitch than the third, as on the modern ukelele. 1976 D. Munrow Instruments Middle Ages & Renaissance iv. 27/1 The earliest account of the tuning of any stringed instrument, that of Jerome of Moravia (c. 1250), described three fiddle tunings, one of which is re-entrant. 1992 Oxf. Compan. Musical Instruments 63/2 The common Italian tuning [sc. of the cittern] of the 16th century, with six double courses of strings tuned in a ‘re-entrant’ (zigzag) scheme. 5. Computing. Designating a program or subprogram which may be called many times concurrently, from one or several programs, without altering the results obtained from any one execution; of or relating to such a program. ΘΚΠ society > computing and information technology > programming language > program or code > [adjective] > used repeatedly re-entrant1964 1964 Proc. Fall Joint Computer Conf. i. 45/1 A routine which permits unlimited multiple entrances and executions before prior executions are complete is called a re-entrant routine. 1976 H. D. Baecker in Virtual Storage (Infotech International Ltd.) 195 Allocation of and access to local variables in recursive or re-entrant environments. 1984 Austral. Personal Computer May 66/2 Although Concurrent CP/M has the facilities to support re-entrant programming, few applications have yet been written to take advantage of it. 2004 ‘Dr. K.’ Hackers' Tales v. 96 In just over a year I had gone from coding Ten Green Bottles to writing interrupt-driven stepper motor drivers and worrying about whether the code was re-entrant or not. B. n. 1. a. Fortification. A re-entrant angle or work in a fortification (see sense A. 1b). Now historical. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > [noun] > construction of defensive works > angles salient1828 shoulder angle1835 re-entrant1862 1862 J. G. Barnard Let. 6 May in J. G. Barnard & W. F. Barry Rep. Army Potomac (1863) 138 The two external redoubts, with the connecting parapets, formed a reëntrant with the fronts of attack. 1883 Times 10 Oct. 5/5 In the defensive occupation of ground the placing of the guns in the re-entrants..is evidently not in accordance with modern ideas. 1900 ‘Linesman’ Words by Eyewitness (1902) iii. 41 A..crackle of musketry from the occupants of the re-entrant. 1931 J. W. Fortescue Following Drum 31 They [sc. the Lancashire Fusiliers] marched into the deadly re-entrant at Fontenoy. 1993 A. Horne Price of Glory (BNC) 162 Here, in the Bois d'Avocourt, was a dangerous re-entrant in the French lines, but recognised as such and heavily fortified. b. In other contexts: a re-entrant angle or angular shape; (Geomorphology) a prominent angular indentation in a landform, such as an inlet between two coastal promontories or a valley extending into a mountainside. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > angularity > [noun] > angle or corner > internal or pointing inward internal angle1615 included angle1657 re-entering angle1691 interior angle1756 re-entrant1893 the world > the earth > land > land mass > shore or bank > bend in coast > [noun] > inlet in river or sea fleetc893 creekc1300 graina1400 updraught14.. armleta1552 land-featherc1582 indraught1596 inlet1596 vent1604 cut1630 re-entrant1893 1893 N. S. Shaler in 13th Ann. Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv. 1891–2: Pt. 2 141 Where..there are islands or shoals lying on either side of a considerable reentrant, a curious action arises, which leads to the formation of what we may term ‘pocket beaches’. 1936 Bull. Amer. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists 20 1224 The profound reëntrant between the escarpment of the Serra das Furnas and that of the Serra de São Jaoquim. 1968 J. E. Gordon New Sci. Strong Materials iv. 76 Any hole or sharp re-entrant in a material causes the stress in that material to be increased locally. 1973 C. Bonington Next Horizon xviii. 248 The road was like a switchback gone mad, as it bucked from valley floor, over spurs, round re-entrants and down again. 2005 C. S. Hvidberg in T. Tokano Water on Mars & Life vi. 148 It has been suggested that outflow of basal melting contributed to formation of the large, characteristic reentrants on the polar caps. 2. A person who returns to an activity, place, etc.; esp. a person re-entering (or seeking to re-enter) employment. ΚΠ 1927 Jrnl. Royal Statist. Soc. 90 439 It is probable that a proportion of those who become insured at the higher age..are re-entrants. 1961 Population Stud. 14 205 Re-entrants, that is those initially in ‘visiting’ unions [sc. marriages or common law relationships], account for an appreciable proportion. 1975 Business Week (Nexis) 24 Mar. 30 Job losers, as opposed to..new entrants and reentrants to the labor force, make up 55.2% of the unemployment. 2003 N.Y. Times Mag. 26 Oct. 58/2 The current economy is hardly welcoming to re-entrants. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.1704 |
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