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单词 rechels
释义

rechelsn.

Forms:

α. Old English hrygile- (in compounds, perhaps transmission error), Old English ræcelc (Northumbrian), Old English recelces (Northumbrian, genitive), Old English recilc (Northumbrian), Old English recils (Mercian), Old English ricels, Old English ricyls (rare), Old English roecels (Northumbrian), Old English rycels, Old English (Northumbrian)–early Middle English receles (genitive), Old English–early Middle English recels, late Old English recel, early Middle English receles, early Middle English recle- (in compounds), early Middle English recles ( Ormulum, transmission error), early Middle English recless ( Ormulum), early Middle English rekele- (in compounds), early Middle English rekle- (in compounds), Middle English recles, Middle English reclis, Middle English rekeles, Middle English rekelis, Middle English rekels, Middle English rekills, Middle English rekils, Middle English rekles, Middle English rekyls, Middle English rikelis, Middle English rykels, Middle English rykkylles, Middle English rykyles, late Middle English rikylle, late Middle English rykyll; N.E.D. (1906) also records a form Middle English rikels.

β. early Middle English rchles (genitive, transmission error), early Middle English rechel- (in compounds), early Middle English recheles (genitive), early Middle English reches (transmission error), early Middle English rechles (genitive), early Middle English riches (transmission error), Middle English recheles, Middle English rechellys, Middle English rechels, Middle English rechelys, Middle English rechles, Middle English rychellys, Middle English rychels, late Middle English richell, late Middle English richelle, late Middle English rychel.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: English rīecan , reek v.1, -els suffix.
Etymology: < Old English rīecan, rēcan to expose to or treat with smoke (see reek v.1) + -els suffix. Old Icelandic reykelsi , Faroese roykilsi , Norwegian (Bokmål) røkelse , Old Swedish rökilse (Swedish rökelse ), Old Danish røkæls (Danish røgelse ), in the same sense, are all ultimately < Old English rēcels , with remodelling after respective Scandinavian verbs corresponding to Old Icelandic reykja reek v.1The β. forms reflect palatalization and assibilation of the original velar plosive /k/ in Old English (almost certainly already present in the Old English forms but not distinguished in spelling until the Middle English period). The later α. forms clearly show a velar /k/ (see further discussion at reek n.1). The anomalous Old English form roec perhaps shows a reverse spelling for e arising from the variation of oe and e (compare roec at reek n.1 α. forms and see discussion at that entry). For the Northumbrian form ræcelc (with ǣ for ē, the non-West Saxon i-mutation of ēa) see A. Campbell Old Eng. Gram. (1959) §200 note 2. The eccentric form hrygile- is attested from a late 11th-cent. text (a record of payments made by the church of Worcester to William I) that evinces several peculiarities of spelling (including hr- for r-); see A. J. Robertson Anglo-Saxon Charters (1956) 242–3, 493. In Old English both a strong masculine and a strong neuter (rēcels); however, a rare strong feminine by-form without final -s (rēcel) is also attested in late Old English. It is unclear whether the Old English (and early Middle English) genitive singular form receles implies a base form without final -s or simply shows loss of the -s of the stem by dissimilation before the genitive ending -es. Forms without final -s either show suffix substitution (see -el suffix1) or represent an inferred singular with loss of -s by confusion with the plural ending -s.
Obsolete.
Incense, esp. frankincense. Also: the smoke or aroma of incense.In quot. ?a1500 at β. : frankincense used in an ointment.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > artefacts > consumables > incense > [noun]
rechelseOE
incensec1290
agarbatti1884
the world > physical sensation > smell and odour > fragrance > [noun] > fragrant substance or perfume > incense
rechelseOE
storc1000
incensec1290
censea1382
guma1382
olibanuma1398
thus1398
frankincensea1400
frank14..
thurec1425
mascle thure?1440
olibanc1440
smoke1530
perfume1542
masculine frankincense1555
tacamahac1577
cayolac1588
masculine gum1604
candle1628
pastille1630
Spanish coal1631
incense-frank1633
thymiama1697
censery1823
punk1844
joss-stick1845
god-stick1874
α.
eOE Bald's Leechbk. (Royal) (1865) i. xiv. 56 Wiþ seaðan, recels lytel, swefl, swegles æppel.
OE (Northumbrian) Lindisf. Gospels: Luke i. 9 Exiit ut incensum poneret ingressus in templum domini : eode þætte roecels gesette innfoerde on tempel drihtnes.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 1744 Þatt recless þatt te bisscopp ðær. Biforenn allterr brennde.
c1350 in Anglia (1906) 29 404 Þai be-soght him dounfalland... To him bede þai þore, Golde, Recles, Mirre wel more.
a1400 Psalter (Vesp.) cxl. 2 in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1896) II. 267 (MED) Mi bede be righted als rekles [v.r. brininge; L. incensum] in þi sighte.
c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) 4977 (MED) Boyland out of þe barke bawme & mirre, Of scence & of othire salue..Þat rase neuire of Aromatike sike rekils in erth.
?c1475 Catholicon Anglicum (BL Add. 15562) f. 103 Rekyls, jncensum.
a1500 in C. Brown Relig. Lyrics 15th Cent. (1939) 129 Now knele we downe..And offyr..Gold soree and rekyls clere.
β. a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 45 (MED) Rechelis for his swetnesse bitocneð inwardliche bede.a1250 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Nero) (1952) 171 Mirre he set biuoren, & recheles kumeð efter. Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 433 Rychellys [v.r. richelle], thus, incensum.1447 O. Bokenham Lives of Saints (Arun.) (1938) 2567 (MED) Wyth odoure of rychels ful suete smellyng, Beforn hym passyd aungels many oon.?a1500 in G. Henslow Med. Wks. 14th Cent. (1899) 22 (MED) Afterward þou myȝt hele it with poudre of recheles.

Compounds

rechels-fat n. (also rechel-fat) [ < rechels n. + fat n.1] a container for incense; a censer, a thurible.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > artefacts > implement (general) > vessel (general) > thurible > [noun]
rechels-fatOE
censera1250
incenserc1380
encenser1382
thuriblec1440
fumatoryc1530
incensory1645
koro1822
thymiaterion1850
thurible-boat1853
po shan lu1915
OE Ælfric Old Eng. Hexateuch: Num. (Claud.) xvi. 46 Nim ðin recelsfæt [L. thuribulum].
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 135 Whanne hiss lott. Wass cumenn upp to þeowwtenn He toc hiss recle fatt onn hand. & ȝede inn to þe temmple.
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 3782 Chore wel wiste ðat, Gret fier wond vt of is reclefat.
a1400 Ancrene Riwle (Pepys) (1976) 144 Daton & his kynde þe erþe opened & hij fellen adoun in to helle, And Abiron & his kynde brend wiþ þe fyre þat com of her rechels Fatt.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2009; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
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n.eOE
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