readern.
/ˈriːdə/, U.S. /ˈridər/ 1. An expounder or interpreter of dreams, occult signs, etc.In later use with modifying word or clause indicating the type of interpretation.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > prediction, foretelling > interpretation of dreams > [noun] > one who practises
readerOE
dream readera1387
conjectora1425
dream doctor1545
dream interpreter?1611
conjecturer1612
dream-tellera1641
oneirocritica1652
dream-speller1652
oneiropolist1652
oneiromancer1653
oneiromantist1653
oneirocrite1693
oneiroscopist1727
oneirologist1834
the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > meaning > explanation, exposition > [noun] > one who explains
expositora1340
expounitourc1380
undoer1382
expoundera1425
reader1440
declarera1527
looser1528
explainer1579
exponer1588
illustrator1598
clearer1599
explicator1611
unfolder1611
representer1642
dilucidator1689
unravellera1704
elucidator1715
exponent1812
explanator1858
transfuser1889
OE Aldhelm Glosses (Brussels 1650) in L. Goossens Old Eng. Glosses of MS Brussels, Royal Libr. 1650 (1974) 413 A phithonibus [read pithonibus] : wiccum, fram ræderum.
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1959) Gen. xli. 8 Pharao..sente to all the reders [L. conjectores] of Egypte..told þe sweuen, & þer was not þat vndide it.
Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 426 Redare, or expownder of thyngys hard to vndyrstonde [a1500 King's Cambr. redar or cow[n]celar in priuities], interpretator, edictor.
1833 E. Bulwer-Lytton Godolphin II. i. 2 In a word, he was a reader of the stars.
1879 E. Arnold Light of Asia 3 The grey dream-readers said ‘The dream is good!’
1945 Nebraska State Jrnl. 18 Jan. 6/4 A Hungarian dream-reader with a clientele of arty neurotics and generally no-account sons and daughters of well-to-do parents.
1990 D. Stillings in A. Parfrey Apocalypse Culture (rev. ed.) 333 The synchronistic symbolic aspects of all this are hard to miss. An ancient reader of signs and portents would have cancelled the whole operation.
2.
a. A person who reads written matter; a person who is able to read. Also (esp. as a term of address to): one who reads the work in hand.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > reading > reader > [noun]
readerOE
overreaderc1443
peruser1549
writee?1611
reading man1684
OE Byrhtferð Enchiridion (Ashm.) (1995) ii. i. 64 Seo ræding..þe þus ys awriten on þam bocfelle, ‘Gemun ðu, la rædere, þæt þu gedo’.
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1969) Isa. Prol. l. 6 We forsoþe, to þe profit of rederis purueynge, þe newe remenyng with a newe maner of writing han deuydid.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 26502 (MED) Vnder-stand me wel, þou reder, Quat birthyn mai þis wordes bere.
c1450 J. Capgrave Life St. Augustine (1910) 33 (MED) Inspire, Lord, all þe rederes of þis book.
a1500 tr. A. Chartier Traité de l'Esperance (Rawl.) (1974) 38 (MED) For and a booke be falsely wretyn, it shall make the reders for to erre.
1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection Pref. sig. Aiiv I trust it shall nat be tedyouse to the reders.
1577 M. Hanmer tr. Socrates Scholasticus v. xxi, in Aunc. Eccl. Hist. 355 The Readers and Interpreters of holy Scripture at Alexandria be they Cathecumenists or baptized it forceth not.
1611 M. Smith in Bible (King James) Transl. Pref. ⁋14 Truly (good Christian Reader) wee neuer thought..that we should neede to make a new Translation.
c1650 J. Spalding Memorialls Trubles Scotl. & Eng. (1851) II. 313 The godlie devyss thairof [etc.]..I refer to the judicious reidar.
a1719 J. Addison Dialogues Medals in Wks. (1721) I. i. 449 All kinds of Readers find their Account in the old Poets.
1785 W. Cowper Task ii. 581 My very gentle reader yet unborn.
1856 E. B. Browning Aurora Leigh iii. 100 I wrote tales beside,..To suit light readers.
1882 A. W. Ward Dickens i. 4 He was no great reader in the days of his authorship.
1942 F. J. Schonell Backwardness in Basic Subj. x. 204 If remedial work with backward readers is to be effective, a teacher should have..detailed information from a thorough diagnosis.
1989 G. Daly Pre-Raphaelites in Love vi. 254 She was a great dreamer and a great reader in her father's library.
2007 Futures (Nexis) Aug. 768 Super-hero comic books..can only work under a very specific condition. Reader [sic] must suspend disbelief or, if you will, make a leap of faith.
b. In extended use: a person who studies, analyses, or interprets something, as though by reading.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > meaning > explanation, exposition > interpretation > [noun] > interpreter
latimerc1275
dragoman13..
meanera1387
interpretator?a1475
truchman1485
spokesman1519
interpreter1531
interpret1584
decipherer1587
trenchman1632
linguistera1649
terjiman1682
renderera1691
dubash1698
reader1763
exegesist1831
hermeneutist1836
exegetes1846
elicitor1848
beach-man1867
1763 C. Smart Epitaph H. Fielding in St. James's Mag. July 312 Student of nature, reader of mankind.
1785 W. Cowper Task iii. 253 Sagacious reader of the works of God.
1838 E. Bulwer-Lytton Leila ii. i. 66 He was a profound reader of men's characters.
1888 A. K. Green Behind Closed Doors iii. 31 If I am any reader of countenances.
1914 J. Joyce Dubliners 202 He had a high opinion of Mr Cunningham as a judge of character and as a reader of faces.
1933 Galveston (Texas) Daily News 29 May 6/1 Wonderful reader of human destiny, in a class alone, guarantees to reveal your life's innermost secrets.
1993 New York 21 June 36/2 Tilak was a brilliant reader of human nature: He had told each woman exactly what she wanted to hear.
c. A person employed by a publisher to read works offered for publication and report on their merits. Also: a person similarly employed by a theatre, film studio, etc., to read scripts offered for production.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > drama > playwriting > [noun] > play-reader or broker
reader1799
playbroker1884
society > communication > printing > publishing > publisher > [noun] > publisher's reader
trash-reader1757
reader1897
1799 G. Chalmers Supplemental Apol. Believers in Shakspeare-papers xii. 273 This expression proves, incidentally, that Shakespeare had become, as I have intimated, the reader of plays for his Theatre, at an earlier epoch.
1829 H. Foote Compan. to Theatres 146 Drury-Lane.—Season 1828–9. Lessee and Manager—B. Price, Esq...Reader of Plays—Mr. Frederick Reynolds.
1859 E. Fitzball Thirty-five Years Dramatic Author's Life I. vii. 262 I have been dramatic reader myself, in the Theatre Royal, Covent Garden,..some years.
1897 ‘S. Grand’ Beth Bk. xlvii. 499 Mr. Kilroy took the manuscript himself to a publisher..who..accepted it... Beth..heard the reader's report.
1956 P. Scott Male Child ii. iv. 153 He told me..he'd get another reader..in your place. He thought your illness had impaired your judgment.
1993 Harper's Mag. June 35 (caption) The first stop for every new screenplay..is the desk of a studio ‘reader’.
d. A proofreader.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > printing > printer > readers, collators, etc. > [noun] > proof-reader
corrector1530
press corrector1644
proofreader1803
reader1808
1808 C. Stower Printer's Gram. 387 A careful and steady Reader must be indispensable in every printing-office.
1841 W. Savage Dict. Art of Printing 672 In large establishments, where there are several readers, I would invariably have the first proofs of any given work read by one and the same reader, and the press proofs..by..a different reader.
1882 J. Southward Pract. Printing xvi. 149 All the corrections made by the reader are called ‘marks’, or reader's marks.
1910 Times 28 Feb. 10/1 A special train conveyed..members of the staff of The Times. They included the Editor..assistant editors..the head reader..and representatives of the publishing departments.
1951 S. Jennett Making of Bks. i. vi. 88 The page proofs come to the reader, and must be checked against the corrected galleys.
2003 E. Hinkel Teaching Acad. ESL Writing (2004) ii. v. 119 The reader proofs the text by reading it backward, sentence by sentence, to avoid getting caught in the text flow.
e. A person who uses a library; a library patron.
ΚΠ
1810 A. Johnes tr. S. E. Scheibel in tr. Mem. Sir J. Froissart 87 The library of the baron von Hund was deposited in this fore part of the hall, and the room over the porch only remained for readers; so the present Library became at once very considerable.
1870 Jrnl. Statist. Soc. 33 337 There have been during the year in the free libraries 2,172,046 readers, of whom 398,840 are borrowers of books for home reading.
1902 Daily Chron. 4 Mar. 3/2 These things are surely axioms to the free-library reader.
1961 T. Landau Encycl. Librarianship (ed. 2) 121/1 The ‘Photostat’ has..become a household word among librarians and readers.
1992 W. J. West Strange Rise Semi-literate Eng. (BNC) 36 A half-understood commercialism seems to have permeated the library schools where readers are referred to as ‘customers’.
f. A person who reads music; a sight-reader.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > musician > [noun] > sight-reader
sightsman1786
reader1826
sight-reader1866
1826 T. Reid Treat. Clock & Watch Making xxiii. 422 It will save trouble even to a good reader of music, but much more so to those who cannot read it, to have [etc.].
1881 Times 19 Aug. 14/1 A lady seeks a re-engagement as a resident pianist to a gentleman's family. Good reader and accompanist.
1947 G. B. Shaw in Musical Times Jan. 10/1 It takes years of practice to train a group of good readers to sing in tune not only passably but exactly.
1977 Grimsby Evening Tel. 5 May 3/3 (advt.) Pianist wanted also Trombonist by local rehearsal dance band. Must be readers.
2002 R. Parncutt & G. McPherson Sci. & Psychol. Music Performance ix. 141 The reader is actively reconstructing the musical material rather than simply taking it off the page and duplicating it on the instrument.
g. A person who reads designs in weaving. See read v. 11d.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > manufacture of textile fabric > [noun] > weaving > other people involved with weaving
pattern-maker1787
reader1839
pattern reader1858
tackler1864
healder?1881
loomer1881
setter-up?1881
taper?1881
tuner1885
tape-sizer1891
intaker1921
1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 267 The weaving of imitation shawls is executed, as usual, by as many shuttles as there are colours in the designs, and which are thrown across the warp in the order established by the reader.
1932 L. Hooper New Draw-loom ii. ix. 82 The reader, looking carefully at the line, No. 1 of the design at the side next to the numerals, must count the number of dark squares with which it begins..and call ‘Take 1’.
1970 Classif. of Occupations (Office of Population Censuses & Surv.) Index 70/1 Reader: design; textile.
3. A person who reads aloud, esp. to an audience; spec. a person who reads the lessons or other parts of the service in a place of worship. See also lay reader n. at lay adj. and n.9 Compounds 1.In the Roman Catholic Church the office of reader is the second of the minor orders; see lector n. 1. In the Churches of England and Scotland after the Reformation, lay readers were appointed to lead worship and perform some minor functions, including pastoral duties, in parishes which had no regular incumbent or minister. In Scotland further official appointments to the office were forbidden by an Act of the General Assembly in 1581; in England it remained in use until a much later period. The office was revived in the Church of England and other Anglican churches in the 1860s.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > person in minor orders > lector > [noun]
readerOE
lister1377
lector1483
lecturer1570
the mind > language > speech > speech-making > recitation > [noun] > reading aloud > one who
readerOE
reading minister1572
anagnost1601
anagnostic1623
anagnostian1625
reader-aloud1830
lectrice1889
OE Rule St. Benet (Corpus Cambr.) 62 Sy þænne healic swige æt þæm gereorde, þæt nanes mannes stefn..gehyred ne sy, butan þæs ræderes anes [L. solius legentis].
OE Ælfric Let. to Wulfsige (Corpus Cambr.) in B. Fehr Die Hirtenbriefe Ælfrics (1914) 9 Lector is rædere, þe ræd on Godes cyrcan, and bið þærto gehadod, þæt he bodige Godes word.
c1225 (?c1200) St. Margaret (Bodl.) (1934) 46 Ich bidde & biseche þe..þet hwa-se-eauer boc writ of mi lif-lade..oðer hwa-se hit eauer redeð oðer þene redere bliðeliche lusteð..wurðe ham alle sone hare sunnen for-ȝeuene.
c1300 St. Thomas Becket (Laud) 1070 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 137 Þis word þat ore louerd het is redare bi-fore him radde.
c1350 (a1333) William of Shoreham Poems (1902) 46 Ine þe alde laȝe þe redere Rede þe prophessye By wokke; So schulle þe rederes now By rede [emended in ed. to now Hyrede].
?a1425 (a1415) Lanterne of Liȝt (Harl.) (1917) 56 (MED) Redars in Cristis chirche reeden hooli lessouns & tenten to her reding wiþ myndeful deuocioun.
?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1874) V. 97 (MED) Gayus the pope..ordeynede diverse degres of ordres in þe churche, as hostiary, reder [a1387 J. Trevisa tr. lector; L. lectorum], benette, accolette, and oþer.
a1500 Rule Minoresses in W. W. Seton Two 15th Cent. Franciscan Rules (1914) 103 Also at þe colacioun..þe Redere schal sey, ‘Iube domne’.
1560 J. Knox et al. Buke Discipline in J. Knox Wks. (1848) II. 196 In process of tyme he that is but ane Readar may atteane to the further degree, and..may be permittit to minister the sacramentis.
1585 J. Carmichael Let. in D. Laing Wodrow Soc. Misc. (1844) 436 The readers are made ministers, and..every man hath gotten four kirks.
1604 W. Covell Modest & Reasonable Exam. Church of Eng. x. 141 Some godly graue man which can doe nothing else but read, may be appointed to be reader in the church.
1661 S. Pepys Diary 22 Dec. (1970) II. 237 To church in the morning, where the Reader made a boyish young sermon.
1697 W. Jameson Nazianzeni Querela i. viii. 75 The Assembly at Edinburgh December 25. 1565. appointed Mr. Knox to pen a comfortable Letter in their Name to encourage Ministers, Exhorters and Readers to continue in their Vocation.
1734 C. Worsley in Master Worsley's Bk. Hist. & Constit. Middle Temple (1910) 197 The Reader whose business it is to read prayers in the Temple Church twice every day.
1758 T. Newton Diss. Prophecies II. 146 His dissimulation carried him so far as to (1) become an ecclesiastic in lower orders, or a reader in the church.
1797 Encycl. Brit. XVI. 18/2 The reader must be supposed..actually to personate the author.
1830 Brit. Mag. 1 253 I would by no means speak disrespectfully of our clergy;..but..though..they perhaps may justly be considered..our best readers, how very few of them make their tones and pauses express the meaning of what they read!
1842 W. T. Brande Dict. Sci., Lit. & Art 1025/1 There are..readers (priests) attached to various eleemosynary and other foundations.
1873 R. Phillimore Eccl. Law I. ii. 592 Recently lay readers have been appointed by bishops in several dioceses to officiate with consent of the incumbent.
1901 Times 2 July 13/2 He attached to his German service two chaplains, a reader and certain necessary officers.
1932 Times 15 Apr. 12/3 Miss Sandilands was a second reader in a Christian Science church in London.
1973 Jewish Chron. 2 Feb. 43/1 A memorial service for Mr. Victor Schiller, honorary reader of the Lecton Synagogue..was held at the synagogue.
1992 Door (Diocese of Oxf.) Apr. 1/4 It was he who suggested that I become a Reader in the Church of England.
4.
a. A person who reads and expounds to pupils or students; a teacher, a lecturer. Also: in some (esp. British) universities, a lecturer of the highest grade below professor.Frequently as a title.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > teaching > teacher > [noun]
larewc900
mastereOE
lorthewc1160
lore-fatherc1175
lerera1340
lister1377
loresman1377
doctora1382
learner1382
teacherc1384
readera1387
lore-mastera1400
former1401
informer?c1422
preceptorc1450
instructora1464
informator1483
doctrinal?1504
lear-father1533
usher1533
instructer1534
trainer1543
educator1609
instituter1670
institutorc1675
subpreceptor1696
Barbe1710
pundit1816
umfundisi1825
preception1882
guru1884
mwalimu1884
rabbi1917
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > scholarly knowledge, erudition > learned person, scholar > [noun]
uþwitec888
larewc900
learnerc900
witec900
wise manOE
leredc1154
masterc1225
readera1387
artificer1449
man of science1482
rabbi1527
rabbin1531
worthy1567
artsmanc1574
philologer1588
artist1592
virtuoso1613
sophist1614
fulla1616
scholastica1633
philologist1638
gnostic1641
scholarian1647
pundit1661
scientman1661
savant1719
ollamh1723
maulvi1776
pandect1791
Sabora1797
erudit1800
mallam1829
Gelehrter1836
erudite1865
walking encyclopaedia1868
Einstein1942
society > education > teaching > teacher > university or college teacher > [noun] > reader
lecturer1615
reader1703
under-reader1706
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1871) III. 361 Plato cleped Aristotles hous þe redynge hous and wolde ofte seie ‘Go we to þe reder his hous [L. ad domum lectoris]’, and when Aristotle was away, Plato wolde crye, ‘Understondynge is away, þe audiens is deef.’
1519 W. Horman Vulgaria viii. f. 88v He hath founded a reder in greke for a .C. ducattes a yere.
?1566–7 G. Buchanan Opinion Reformation Univ. St. Andros in Vernacular Writings (1892) 11 Ane Reidar in Medicine.
1583 W. Rainolds Refut. Sundry Reprehensions xvi. 523 Such kinde of iesting would better become some merie felow making sport vpon a stage, with a furred hood & a woodden dagger, then either a learned bishop, such as M. Iewel tooke him selfe to be, or a profound Reader of diuinitie, as I thinke M.W. would gladly be accounted.
1608 R. Parsons Iudgm. Catholicke English-man 83 M. Hart alleadgeth diuers tymes the opinions and proofes of F. Robert Bellarmyne, then publick Reader of Controuersies in Rome.
1630 tr. G. Botero Relations Famous Kingdomes World (rev. ed.) 50 Let his Lecture consist, more in questions and answers,..than in the Readers continued speech.
1667 R. Allestree Causes Decay Christian Piety xvi. 372 Have any of our Idolized readers bought their Interest in us so dear as Christ has done.
1703 R. Neve City & Countrey Purchaser 91 Dr. Hook, Reader of Geometry in Gresham-colledge.
1753 E. Carter Hist. Univ. Cambr. xvi. 396 He gave to this House in Yearly Revenues 22l viz. to a Reader of Greek 2l. towards the Maintenance of one Fellow 10l. and of 2 Scholars 6l. 13s. and 4d. the remaining 3l. 6s. 8d. to the Use of the College.
1785 Times 28 Jan. 4/2 Very interesting discovery..by J. Debraw Medical Practitioner and Reader in Chemistry..which is universally allowed to challenge comparison with a Tooth Powders ever known.
1837 J. R. McCulloch Statist. Acct. Brit. Empire II. v. i. 477 The University of Durham..consists of a warden, professors, tutors, readers, and lecturers.
1881 Stat. Univ. Oxf. (1882) 65 A Reader in Roman Law shall be appointed from time to time.
1905 Jewish Encycl. XI. 93/2 In 1892 Schechter was elected reader in rabbinics [at Cambridge].
1972 Calendar (Rhodes Univ., S. Afr.) 20 Department of History. Professor: Mrs. W.A. Maxwell... Reader: T.R.H. Davenport, M.A. (S.A.), M.A. (Oxon.), Ph.D. (Cape Town).
1991 Times Educ. Suppl. 18 Jan. 44/1 Until her retirement last year she was a Reader in Education.
b. In the Inns of Court and formerly in the Inns of Chancery: a lecturer in law. Also: as a title.Readers in the Inns of Court were appointed to deliver long explanatory dissertations on statutes, to which both students and dignitaries were invited. Such ‘readings’ (reading n.1 4a) were considered authoritative, and could be cited in legal and legislative rulings. Senior readers were among those entitled to call students to the bar, although this privilege was abolished in 1664. The position had become a sinecure by the end of the 17th cent., and in later times has been purely honorary. [Earlier currency of the word in this sense is probably implied by Anglo-Norman redar, reder in the same sense (1469). Still earlier currency in this sense is perhaps implied by the mention of a reader in a 17th-cent. summary of a lost record dated 1408, although it is not certain which language the original was written in. Compare Anglo-Norman lector, lectour (end of the 15th cent. in this sense) and post-classical Latin lector (second half of the 15th cent. in this sense).]
ΘΚΠ
society > law > legal profession > lawyer > [noun] > member of Inns of Court
fellow1454
bencher1507
reader1507
ancient1563
Templar1588
cupboard-mana1632
special pleader1727
1507 Minutes of Parl. Middle Temple 2 Nov. (1904) I. 21 First, that yerely at Hyllary terme the Reader for Somer vacacion then next folowyng be chosyn.
1517 in W. P. Baildon Black Bks. (Rec. Soc. Lincoln's Inn) (1897) I. 182 Who so bryngith any repaster to the Redar's denar or sopar, except the Redar or any of the Benche, schall pay for the Repast, xijd.
1569 in W. H. Stevenson Rec. Borough Nottingham (1889) IV. 133 Maister Recorder, then beyng Reder of Grey's Inne.
1614 T. Overbury et al. Characters in Wife now Widow (5th impr.) sig. F2v He arrogates as much honor for beeing Reader to an Inne of Chancery.
1665 S. Pepys Diary 3 Mar. (1972) VI. 49 Mrs. Turner..takes it mightily ill I did not come to dine with the Reader, her husband.
1695 R. Atkyns Enq. Jurisdict. Chancery sig. Aiii His Great Grandfather living in the time of King Henry VII. and they all have, in their several turns, undergone the Charge and Labour of Readers of Lincolns-Inn.
1734 C. Worsley in Master Worsley's Bk. Hist. & Constit. Middle Temple (1910) 124 From the Benchers are chosen Readers who used to read law twice in the year, vizt in Hillary and Trinity Vacations.
1752 T. Carte Gen. Hist. Eng. III. xviii. 440 To shew however to the nation her own opinion as to the successor, whose right there was no reason to doubt, she imprisoned Thorton, reader of the law in Lincoln's-Inn.
1791 Brief Mem. Judges Guildhall 42 He [sc. Sir William Ellis] was Reader of Gray's Inn, 1668.
1803 Times 13 June 3/2 Exemptions from Residence under the old Acts..Preachers or Readers at Inns of Court, or the Rolls, Bursars, Deans.
1881 Encycl. Brit. XIII. 88/2 The function of ‘reader’ involved the holder in very weighty expenses, chiefly by reason of the profuse hospitality dispensed,—a constant and splendid table being kept during the three weeks and three days over which the readings extended.
1937 L. B. Osborn Life, Lett. & Writings John Hoskyns iii. 21 A Master of the Bench was chosen by the society as Reader, whose duty it was to expound a statute of his own choosing.
1961 G. E. Asher King's Servants v. 308 By 1616 Walter Pye was already a lawyer of some distinction. He was an associate bencher of the Middle Temple and reader elect for the following year.
1994 Inner Temple Yearbk. 1994/95 30/1 Reader (Master Hirst).
5. † a. Criminals' slang. A pocketbook, a wallet. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1718 C. Hitchin Regulator 20 A Reader, alias Pocket-Book.
1789 G. Parker Life's Painter xv. 151 Reader. Is a pocket-book; a person cannot be too careful of this article, particularly if he should have..any rum screens in it, that is, bank notes.
1819 J. H. Vaux Memoirs I. xii. 140 He had that day turned out three readers, but without finding a shilling in either of them.
1834 W. H. Ainsworth Rookwood II. iii. v. 345 None [could] knap a reader like me.
1882 Sydney Slang Dict. 10/1 Jack buzzed a bloak and a shickster of a reader and a skin.
b. slang (Gambling and Conjuring). A marked card.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > card-sharping or cheating > [noun] > card or cards
bum-cardc1555
key card1805
concave1825
strippers1843
convex1874
reader1887
stacked deck1964
1887 New Era (Humeston, Iowa) 13 Jan. 2/5 These marked cards or ‘readers’ are made and sold largely in America.
1894 J. N. Maskelyne ‘Sharps & Flats’ 27 Whatever method of marking may be adopted in the preparation of ‘faked’ cards or ‘readers’.
1949 Long Beach (Calif.) Independent 7 Nov. 2/5 What about the first deal? Well those cards were readers.
1977 ‘L. Egan’ Blind Search iv. 57 McAllister was a gambler... This is a deck of readers—marked cards.
1991 St. Louis (Missouri) Post-Dispatch (Nexis) 1 July (Business section) 3 Paint: a face card. Readers: marked cards. Super George: A player who tips the dealer really well.
c. U.S. colloquial. A police circular identifying a wanted person; a ‘wanted’ poster.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > information > publishing or spreading abroad > publishing or spreading by leaflets or notices > [noun] > circularizing > circular > issued by police
reader1926
1926 Clues Nov. 162/1 Reader, a circular notifying police officers to arrest the party described thereon.
1929 D. Hammett Red Harvest xxiv. 244 This is as good a spot as any while there's a reader out for you. And we'll need a good guy like you on the party.
1960 R. Bloch Dead Beat viii. 77 They had a reader out on you, man. Maybe they still do.
2002 L. D. Estleman Black Powder, White Smoke ix. 95 They had a reader out on him in Portland, with the new reward posted.
6. A book of selected writings (on a particular subject, by a particular author, etc.), esp. used as a school textbook or for exercise in reading; an anthology.Frequently used in the titles of such books.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > reading > [noun] > reading matter > reading book for learners
primerc1390
ABCc1450
reading made easy1719
reader1782
reading book1840
pre-reader1946
1782 (title) The sublime reader; or the Morning and Evening Service of the Church so pointed, and the emphatical words throughout so marked, as to display all the beauty and sublimity of the language, and render it, with the least attention, impossible to be read by the most injudicious reader, but with propriety..by the Rev. Dr. John Trusler.
1789 (title) The female reader; or miscellaneous pieces in prose and verse; selected from the best writers..by Mr. Cresswick.
1799 (title) The English reader; or pieces in prose and poetry selected from the best writers..by L. Murray.
1869 (title) The advanced reader: lessons in literature and science.
1876 H. Sweet (title) An Anglo-Saxon reader; in prose and verse.
1915 D. H. Lawrence Rainbow xiii. 374 ‘Give out the history readers’, she said to the monitors.
1973 J. Cowden For Love 26 He and his wife..were the first to publish a book—a reader for the Tswana people.
1994 Ms. Sept. 74/1 More children are now learning to read and write in school from commercially available books instead of textbook ‘readers’.
7. A machine for producing (on a built-in screen) a magnified readable image of any desired part of a microfilm or other microform.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > optical instruments > magnification or magnifying instruments > [noun] > microfilm viewer > microfilm or microform reader
reading machine1922
microfilm reader1936
reader1936
microreader1949
1936 V. Tate in M. L. Raney Microphotogr. for Libraries 20 Two outstanding developments are the Draeger ‘microfilm reader’ and the International Filmbook Corporation's Optigraph and Teledex reading machines.
1962 A. Günther Microphotogr. in Libr. (Unesco) 7 Micro-opaque cards..need much more light for projection and, therefore, a more complicated and more expensive reader.
2003 C. Gratton & I. Jones Res. Methods for Sport Stud. v. 54 Often they will be provided in microfiche form, so you will need access to a suitable reader.
8. A device for obtaining data stored on tape, cards, or other media, usually by converting the data into electrical signals.
ΘΚΠ
society > computing and information technology > hardware > secondary storage > [noun] > punch card or tape > processing device
reproducer1885
sorter1917
interpreter1936
verifier1940
card reader1946
reader1946
tape reader1947
collator1949
tape reproducer1961
stacker1962
tabulator1970
1946 N.Y. Times 15 Feb. 16/3 When the problem is punched on the cards they are dropped into a slot in a ‘reader’.
1972 M. Woodhouse Mama Doll xi. 145 Some people at Admiralty ran the tape through a five-hole reader for us, and gave us back seven hundred and eighty-four groups of digits.
1997 Times Educ. Suppl. 18 July 13/1 Pupils run their card through an electronic reader which registers their presence and the time of arrival.
2006 Chicago Tribune (Midwest ed.) 2 Apr. x. 16 Bang & Olufsen's brand new Beosound 3 has an FM tuner and SD card reader to play digital music.
Compounds
C1.
a. Appositive.
reader-contributor n.
ΚΠ
1939 Nevada State Jrnl. 14 Apr. 4/3 The recent statement of one of your reader-contributors that ‘anything that keeps up the standards of the people for better jobs—and more democratic methods, hurts the side of the Fascists’.
1946 R.A.F. Jrnl. May 146 The success of the new magazine will depend on the continuance of the excellent reader-contributor relationship which was fostered.
2004 Mountain Democrat (Placerville, Calif.) 27 Aug. 6/4 One of our readers misquoted Tennyson..‘may there be no moaning at the bar’... If our reader contributor said it deliberately, perhaps he was expressing a desire that his death cause no grief at his favourite pub.
b. General attributive.
reader group n.
ΚΠ
1921 E. L. Munson Managem. of Men xiii. 507 The viewpoint of the reader group should be recognized and catered to.
1951 M. McLuhan Mech. Bride 112/2 These magazines, carefully geared to both the purse and heart strings of their respective reader groups, feature houses and rooms in which almost nobody ever lives.
2007 News & Observer (Raleigh, N. Carolina) (Nexis) 11 Mar. a31 The 30 or so participants last week brought some important concerns to our attention, some of which we hear from other reader groups as well.
reader participation n.
ΚΠ
1925 School Rev. 33 492 The tests..are arranged in the order in which one learns to appreciate literature. The student naturally begins with discovery of theme... From that he goes to reader participation.
1951 M. McLuhan Mech. Bride 5/2 This kind of newspaper invites reader participation in its triumphs.
1991 Times Educ. Suppl. 15 Feb. 26/3 Others [sc. illustrators] create reader-participation by providing detail that adds extra insight into the emotions or personalities of a story's main characters.
C2.
reader-aloud n. (also reader-alouder) a person who reads aloud, esp. to an audience; cf. read v. 16a.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > speech-making > recitation > [noun] > reading aloud > one who
readerOE
reading minister1572
anagnost1601
anagnostic1623
anagnostian1625
reader-aloud1830
lectrice1889
1830 Brit. Mag. 1 253 With respect to readers aloud of all kinds, the truth seems to be, that their thoughts are very seldom fully or adequately occupied with..conveying the sense of their author.
1938 Times 16 Sept. 13/4 Fountains are less trouble in bedrooms than readers-aloud or raconteurs.
1952 Sat. Rev. (U.S.) 13 Sept. 6/3 Hemingway is a reader-alouder, it appears.
2007 Guardian (Nexis) 6 Jan. (Review section) 7 Did it not help the reader (especially the reader aloud) to know in advance what kind of sentence he or she was reading?
reader-printer n. a combined printer and reader (sense 7) for printing enlarged readable copies of microform images.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > optical instruments > magnification or magnifying instruments > [noun] > microfilm viewer > microfilm or microform reader > that produces readable copies
reader-printer1959
1959 H. W. Ballou Guide to Microreprod. Equipm. 167 Thermo-Fax Brand Microfilm Reader-Printer... Reader and Printer combined in one machine for automatic push-button copying or reading.
1984 Sunday Times 14 Oct. 24/3 (advt.) The new Canon PC70 desktop reader-printer produces clear crisp images.
2006 Pembroke (Ont.) Observer (Nexis) 11 July This reader-printer will be a valuable resource for those doing research into historical records and archives.
reader's theatre n. (also readers' theatre, readers theatre, and with capital initials) originally U.S. a style of theatrical performance in which actors may read from the script or text, and which places less emphasis on props, costumes, physical interaction, etc., than traditional theatre; (also) a performance of this type.Quot. 1945 shows the name of a theatre group specializing in this style of performance.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > drama > [noun] > other types or branches
satyric1693
legitimate1826
boulevard theatre1838
satyr drama1839
tragicomic1842
costume drama1847
Sardoodledom1895
slice of life1895
cape and sword (also cape and cloak)1898
total theatre1935
epic theatre1938
Theatre of Cruelty1954
music theatre1957
psychodramatics1957
reader's theatre1957
metatheatre1960
Theatre of the Absurd1961
nautanki1962
Theatre of Fact1966
1945 N.Y. Times 11 Nov. ii. 1/1 They propose to have professional actors, script in hand, reading some of the great classical plays... For the present you may call the trio ‘The Reader's Theatre’.]
1957 Holland (Mich.) Evening Sentinel 6 Feb. 2/1 Readers Theatre has been revived on Broadway and is being used quite extensively particularly in schools and colleges.
1982 N.Y. Times 24 Jan. (Long Island Weekly section) 17/1 A dramatic workshop..presents..a ‘reader's theater’—actors give ‘readings’ in local temples and community centers.
2017 Herald (Sharon, Pa.) (Nexis) 29 June ‘It's harder because you're tempted to stick to your script and not look at the audience and not interact with the other actresses,’ Maloney said in comparing reader's theater to a traditional play. ‘It's easier because there's not the terrifying fear of forgetting your lines.’
reader-writer n. (a) a reader and a writer considered together (rare); (b) Computing a device which is capable of both reading and writing (write v. 13) data.
ΚΠ
1951 S. Spender World within World 310 Reader-writer walk together in a real-seeming dream-alliance leading into gardens inhabited by Stephen Daedalus and Marcel.
1970 Brit. Patent 1,187,895 8/2 The input means and the output means both utilize a common reader/writer which can operate in a read mode in which it provides electrical input signals to the control means and which can operate in a write mode in which it provides a permanent record in accordance with electrical signals applied to it and derived from the positioning means.
1992 RS Components: Electronic & Electr. Products July–Oct. 880/1 The MC6030 is a complete PC compatible memory card reader writer system.
2001 N.Y. Times 4 Jan. g3/2 The new Sony mouse includes a Memory Stick reader-writer in the back of the unit and plugs into the computer's U.S.B. port.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
<
n.OE- cautiousser
- cautioussest
- cautor
- cauty
- cava
- cavalcade
- cavalcades
- cavalcading
- cavalet
- cavalier
- cavalier cuff
- cavalier parliament
- cavalier servitude
- cavalier-hat
- cavalier-poet
- cavalier-servant
- cavaliere-serventism
- cavaliered
- cavaliereserventism
- cavalieress
- cavalierhat
- cavaliering
- cavalierish
- cavalierishness
- cavalierism