† reboursn.adj.

Forms: Middle English rebors, Middle English rebours, Middle English reburs, Middle English robours; Scottish pre-1700 rabouris, pre-1700 rabours, pre-1700 rebouris, pre-1700 rebours, pre-1700 rebowris.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French rebours.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman reburs, Anglo-Norman and Old French rebors, Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French rebours (noun) the contrary, the opposite (c1275; c1150 in a rebors the wrong way, backwards), (adjective) ruffled, rough (end of the 12th cent.), bad tempered, unpleasant (c1225; French rebours ) < an unattested post-classical Latin form *rebursus , alteration (after classical Latin reversus reverse adj.) of post-classical Latin reburrus with bald forehead (Vetus Latina) < classical Latin re- re- prefix + post-classical Latin burra wool (see borage n.). Compare rebous n., à rebours adv.

Obsolete.

A. n.

1. Antagonism. rare.

ΚΠ

a1325 SS. Simon & Jude (Corpus Cambr.) 128 in C. D'Evelyn & A. J. Mill S. Eng. Legendary (1956) 453 (MED) Þis tweie enchanteors Of sein Simon and sein Iude ȝute hadde gret rebors.

2. Chiefly Scottish. at rebours [after Middle French à rebours à rebours adv.] : amiss; perversely, through perversity.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > disregard for truth, falsehood > inaccuracy, inexactness > [adverb]

at rebours?a1400

unjustlyc1425

wrongly1633

outa1641

inaccurately1669

unaccurately1674

uncorrectly1706

unprecisely1806

inexactly1849

à rebours1895

?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) i. 5108 Androche..ansuerd him alle at robours [a1450 Lamb. reburs].

?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) i. l. 12316 Bretons..ere bot auantours & manace mykille at rebours.

c1480 (a1400) St. Katherine 860 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 467 Þir quhelis..twa aganis twa sall alwais twrne in contrare cours, as thingis beand at rebou [r] se.

1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) xiii. 486 He his sistre paramouris Luffyt and held all at [MS that] rebouris [St. John's Cambr. rabous] Hys awyne wyff.

a1530 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Royal) ix. viii. 48 Schyre Willame persaywyd then His myschef, and hym send succowris, Ellis had all gane at rebowris [a1500 Nero to rabours].

c1580 ( tr. Bk. Alexander (1921) II. ii. 534 Lytill succouris Can I se, for all is at rebours.

B. adj.

Perverse, self-willed. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > decision > obstinacy or stubbornness > [adjective] > perverse

wharfedc1175

thwart-over?c1225

fromwardc1275

thwarta1325

wilgernc1325

contrariousa1340

froward1340

rebours1340

awaywarda1375

overthwartc1384

protervec1384

waywardc1384

arsewardc1386

wrawc1386

wrawfulc1386

crabbeda1400

ungraitha1400

wraweda1400

awklyc1400

perversec1425

awkc1440

perversiosec1475

crooked1508

wrayward1516

awkward1530

difficilec1533

peevish1539

protervous1547

overthwarting1552

untowardly1561

difficult1589

cross1594

cama1600

frowish1601

awkwardish1613

haggardly1635

pigheadeda1637

cross-grained1647

wry1649

crossfulc1680

thwarting1718

kim-kama1734

wronghead1737

piggish1742

witherly1790

top-thrawn1808

contrary1850

cussed1858

three-cornered1863

thwarteous1890

bloody-minded1935

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 68 (MED) Wyþstondynge is a zenne þet comþ of þe herte þet is rebel and hard and rebours [c1450 Bk. Vices & Virtues aweiward].

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 68 (MED) Zuyche herten byeþ rebours and rebels red to leue.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2009; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	rebours
释义	† reboursn.adj. Forms: Middle English rebors, Middle English rebours, Middle English reburs, Middle English robours; Scottish pre-1700 rabouris, pre-1700 rabours, pre-1700 rebouris, pre-1700 rebours, pre-1700 rebowris. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French rebours. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman reburs, Anglo-Norman and Old French rebors, Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French rebours (noun) the contrary, the opposite (c1275; c1150 in a rebors the wrong way, backwards), (adjective) ruffled, rough (end of the 12th cent.), bad tempered, unpleasant (c1225; French rebours ) < an unattested post-classical Latin form rebursus , alteration (after classical Latin reversus* reverse adj.) of post-classical Latin reburrus with bald forehead (Vetus Latina) < classical Latin re- re- prefix + post-classical Latin burra wool (see borage n.). Compare rebous n., à rebours adv. Obsolete. A. n. 1. Antagonism. rare. ΚΠ a1325 SS. Simon & Jude (Corpus Cambr.) 128 in C. D'Evelyn & A. J. Mill S. Eng. Legendary (1956) 453 (MED) Þis tweie enchanteors Of sein Simon and sein Iude ȝute hadde gret rebors. 2. Chiefly Scottish. at rebours [after Middle French à rebours à rebours adv.] : amiss; perversely, through perversity. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > disregard for truth, falsehood > inaccuracy, inexactness > [adverb] at rebours?a1400 unjustlyc1425 wrongly1633 outa1641 inaccurately1669 unaccurately1674 uncorrectly1706 unprecisely1806 inexactly1849 à rebours1895 ?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) i. 5108 Androche..ansuerd him alle at robours [a1450 Lamb. reburs]. ?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) i. l. 12316 Bretons..ere bot auantours & manace mykille at rebours. c1480 (a1400) St. Katherine 860 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 467 Þir quhelis..twa aganis twa sall alwais twrne in contrare cours, as thingis beand at rebou [r] se. 1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) xiii. 486 He his sistre paramouris Luffyt and held all at [MS that] rebouris [St. John's Cambr. rabous] Hys awyne wyff. a1530 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Royal) ix. viii. 48 Schyre Willame persaywyd then His myschef, and hym send succowris, Ellis had all gane at rebowris [a1500 Nero to rabours]. c1580 ( tr. Bk. Alexander (1921) II. ii. 534 Lytill succouris Can I se, for all is at rebours. B. adj. Perverse, self-willed. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > decision > obstinacy or stubbornness > [adjective] > perverse wharfedc1175 thwart-over?c1225 fromwardc1275 thwarta1325 wilgernc1325 contrariousa1340 froward1340 rebours1340 awaywarda1375 overthwartc1384 protervec1384 waywardc1384 arsewardc1386 wrawc1386 wrawfulc1386 crabbeda1400 ungraitha1400 wraweda1400 awklyc1400 perversec1425 awkc1440 perversiosec1475 crooked1508 wrayward1516 awkward1530 difficilec1533 peevish1539 protervous1547 overthwarting1552 untowardly1561 difficult1589 cross1594 cama1600 frowish1601 awkwardish1613 haggardly1635 pigheadeda1637 cross-grained1647 wry1649 crossfulc1680 thwarting1718 kim-kama1734 wronghead1737 piggish1742 witherly1790 top-thrawn1808 contrary1850 cussed1858 three-cornered1863 thwarteous1890 bloody-minded1935 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 68 (MED) Wyþstondynge is a zenne þet comþ of þe herte þet is rebel and hard and rebours [c1450 Bk. Vices & Virtues aweiward]. 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 68 (MED) Zuyche herten byeþ rebours and rebels red to leue. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2009; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.adj.a1325
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