recitationn.

Brit.

/ˌrɛsᵻˈteɪʃn/, U.S.

/ˌrɛsəˈteɪʃ(ə)n/

Forms: late Middle English recytacion, 1500s recytacyon, 1500s– recitation.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French recitation; Latin recitātiōn-, recitātiō.

Etymology: < Middle French recitacion, Middle French, French †recitation, French récitation recital, account, narration (1366), narrative (second half of the 15th cent. or earlier), action or act of reciting a text from memory (1530; compare Anglo-Norman recitacion , recitation , recitatioun opening statement containing the plaintiff's case (early 14th cent.)) and its etymon classical Latin recitātiōn-, recitātiō action of reading aloud, in post-classical Latin also account, narration (c1230 in a British source) < recitāt- , past participial stem of recitāre recite v. + -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare Italian recitazione instance, act, or action of reciting (14th cent.), recital, narrative (14th cent.; now obsolete).

a. The action of relating, recounting, or describing something; recital, account, description. Formerly also: †the action of enumerating something (obsolete).

ΚΠ

1484 W. Caxton tr. Subtyl Historyes & Fables Esope v The v fable is of the recytacion of somme monstres.

a1500 tr. A. Chartier Traité de l'Esperance (Rawl.) (1974) 107 (MED) Leve the bookis and assur thi creaunce in the recytacion of thauncient men.

1542 Dyalogue Defensyue for Women sig. B.ii^v Saynt Austayne maketh recytacyon Of domes day.

1648 W. Jenkyn Ὁδηγος Τυϕλος i. 15 Though indeed the recitation of such cheape and poore stuffe, be a sufficient refutation of them among intelligent Readers.

1685 R. Baxter Paraphr. New Test. Matt. i. 14 I reduce them to fourteen in the recitation, for memory-sake.

1746 J. Cotton Seasonable Warning Churches Introd. p. vii I could mention some further Particulars greatly illustrating the Matter; but I take no Delight in the Recitation, and shall therefore wave them.

1896 A. R. White Youth's Educator xi. 122 These people never allow the recitation of any one's doings but their own.

1916 J. W. Riley Compl. Wks. I. 64 Did I start in recitation My past life to recall?

1952 D. M. Jones Anathemata vii. 220 However much he would wish to continue proclaiming his wonder-tale, he must break off the recitation of this true historia and be silent.

1992 D. Hampson Theol. & Feminism (BNC) 29 I will at this point..say something of my own odyssey. Such a recitation may lead to the conclusion that one who consistently holds to this position..lands outside the church.

b. An instance or act of relating or narrating something; an account, a narrative.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > narration > [noun] > a narrative or account

talec1200

historyc1230

sawc1320

tellinga1325

treatisec1374

chroniclec1380

process?1387

legendc1390

prosec1390

pistlec1395

treatc1400

relationc1425

rehearsal?a1439

report?a1439

narrationc1449

recorda1450

count1477

redec1480

story1489

recount1490

deductiona1532

repetition1533

narrative1539

discourse1546

account1561

recital1561

enarrative1575

legendary1577

enarration1592

recite1594

repeat1609

texture1611

recitation1614

rendera1616

prospect1625

recitement1646

tell1743

diegesis1829

récit1915

narrative line1953

1614 W. Lithgow Most Delectable Disc. Peregrination sig. R3^v I quenched & abated his calumnies, by a recitation of the incomparable vertues of our dread Soueraigne;..his bounty, wisedome, learning and gouernment.

1641 J. Milton Reason Church-govt. 40 Wise and artfull recitations sweetned with eloquent and gracefull inticements.

1654 H. Hammond Of Fund. in Notion xv. 149 The recitations and descriptions of God's decreed wrath.

1702 C. Mather Magnalia Christi iv. i. 131/1 Unto this brief Recitation of Occurrences relating to the Colledge, I shall only annex a few Passages, used by Mr. Mather, when he gave the Degrees,..after his Arrival.

1867 ‘Ouida’ Under Two Flags II. ii. 43 The wild mirth, the unbridled licence, the amatory recitations, and the Bacchic odes in their lawless sapir.

1968 R. B. Lee & I. Devore Man the Hunter xxxiii. 312 It has become a common routine to observe that man is born helpless..that he is a generalized animal.., and this recitation often leads to the observation that man is physically weak and defenseless.

2000 A. Frye Humanitarian Intervention 16 As this recitation of concerns, considerations, and dilemmas makes clear, it is naive to expect that we can formulate a set of ‘iron laws.’

a. An instance or act of reading aloud or repeating from memory a poem, passage, prayer, etc., esp. before an audience.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > speech-making > recitation > [noun] > an act of or recital

sayingc1390

recital1567

recitation1618

spout1832

recite1885

1618 T. Adams Happines of Church ii. 138 These can wish with Balaam, to dye Christians, but they must liue Pagans. Hauing raised thousands..they can bestow the dead hope of a litle mite on the Church. In memoriall whereof the heyre must procure an annuall recitation.

1779 H. Cowley Who's the Dupe? ii. 24 If it is merely a recitation of Greek that you want, you shall be gratified.

1841 E. W. Lane tr. Thousand & One Nights I. 15 Thus, on the first night of the thousand and one, Shahrazád commenced her recitations.

1847 G. Grote Hist. Greece IV. ii. xxviii. 96 There were recitations and lectures in a spacious council-room.

1895 T. Hardy Jude ii. vi. 136 When the vicar arranged readings and recitations, she appeared on the platform, the smallest of them all.

1908 L. M. Montgomery Anne of Green Gables xxiii. 262 Every other Friday afternoon she has recitations and everybody has to say a piece or take part in a dialogue.

1953 ‘P. Lanham’ & A. S. Mopeli-Paulus Blanket Boy's Moon ii. i. 91 Libe's recitation was eagerly awaited, for he came of a family renowned for its ‘praising’.

1988 G. Boddy Katherine Mansfield i. 5 Kathleen also entertained the girls with songs and recitations at concerts.

2005 Business Recorder (Nexis) 21 May The prime minister..complimented him for his excellent recitation from the Holy Quran.

b. The action of reading aloud or repeating from memory a poem, passage, prayer, etc. Also: the action of intoning a psalm or canticle.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > speech-making > recitation > [noun]

rehearsalc1405

rehearse1429

repetition1579

spouting1581

hersall1590

recitation1623

absolutiona1637

rendition1851

rep1858

1623 H. Cockeram Eng. Dict. Recitation, a reading with a loude voice.

1659 J. Pearson Expos. Apostles Creed i. 22 The recitation of the Creed at the first initiation into the Church by Baptisme.

1781 S. Johnson Thomson in Pref. Wks. Eng. Poets IX. 20 He accompanied the players by audible recitation, till a friendly hint frighted him to silence.

1828 R. Whately Rhetoric in Encycl. Metrop. (1847) I. 302/1 Let all studied recitation therefore..be carefully avoided.

1841 G. Borrow Zincali II. iii. ii. 60 From the recitation of this individual we wrote down the..Deluge.

1879 G. Grove Dict. Music I. 626 The note on which the recitation is made in each Psalm or Canticle tone.

1931 G. B. Sansom Japan iii. xii. 222 Recitation of the formulae known as mantra.

1985 A. Kenny Path from Rome (1986) vii. 97 The subdeacon is bound to the daily recitation of the breviary.

2000 S. M. Schneiders in A. Hastings et al. Oxf. Compan. Christian Thought 612/1 Monastic life, both male and female, was primarily enclosed and organized around the choral recitation of the Divine Office.

3. U.S. Education. An oral examination on material previously learned or explained, esp. when used as a regular teaching method (now chiefly historical); a class in which this occurs, now typically a small discussion class concentrating on material presented in a larger lecture; a section.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > repetition > [noun] > rapid or mechanical repetition

pitter-pattera1450

parrotinga1603

recitation1770

roting1816

psittacism1861

society > education > educational administration > examination > [noun] > other examinations

recitation1770

screw1810

term paper1873

trade test1880

City and Guilds1882

entry exam1886

inter1891

pop quiz1931

1770 P. V. Fithian Let. 30 Nov. in Jrnl. & Lett. (1900) 8 At nine the Bell rings for Recitation, after which we study till one, when the Bell rings for Dinner.

1780 E. Parkman Diary 9 Feb. (1899) 208 He has been absent from ye Recitations so long, that he ought to be one of ye first that returns at this Term.

1824 W. N. Blaus Excurs. 364 The ‘recitations’ mentioned, are examinations on the subject of the lecture of the preceding day.

a1882 J. P. Quincy Figures of Past (1884) 4 He took up his Livy to prepare for the last recitation that he could hope to attend.

1903 Forum July 124 Every recitation is incidentally a lesson in English, whether it be an exercise in literature, history, science or some other subject.

1966 Post-Standard (Syracuse, N.Y.) 19 Dec. 8/3 An SU biology student will be given reading assignments and also must attend the weekly lecture and recitation.

2006 Insider's Guide to Colleges 2007 (Yale Daily News) 511/1 Most of the larger and harder classes, however, also have what is called a weekly ‘recitation’.

Compounds

C1. (In sense 3.)

recitation bench n.

ΚΠ

1831 Introd. Disc. & Lectures 343 A recitation bench is in front of all, upon which a class may sit, free from the interruption of other boys.

1949 ‘J. Nelson’ Backwoods Teacher 48 Likely-looking ones I placed on the table..beside the four, long, recitation benches.

2005 Centre Daily Times (State College, Pa.) (Nexis) 17 Aug. 3 Rows of tiny wooden desks equipped with ink wells face the teacher's desk and the recitation bench next to it.

recitation method n.

ΚΠ

1870 Biblical Repertory Oct. 636 The recitation method of instruction is that which is best suited for boys at school..and must be retained in the university, wherever drill is needed.

1975 A. Parkman David Jayne Hill & Probl. World Peace 20 Seven weeks, too brief a time to complete a textbook by the customary recitation method.

2006 Africa News (Nexis) 15 June Recitation method assists students in gaining higher achievement. Its weakness is that it promotes regurgitation of facts.

recitation room n.

ΚΠ

1800 J. C. Ogden Excursion Bethlehem & Nazareth 44 From the hall we went to the recitation room and Inspector's study.

1899 W. James Talks to Teachers xiv. 161 The flowing life of the mind is sorted into parcels suitable for presentation in the recitation-room.

1995 Advocate (Baton Rouge, Louisiana) (Nexis) 19 Mar. 14 The main academic building..had lecture and recitation rooms for lessons in history, Greek, Latin,..and philosophy.

C2.

recitation music n. music used to accompany a declamation or recital of a poem or other piece of work.

ΚΠ

1894 S. Hawley in Musical Times (1895) 29/1 (title) Recitation-music series.

1927 Grove's Dict. Music (ed. 3) III. 371/2 A long series of ‘Recitation Music’, i.e. compositions for piano intended to accompany the declamation of various well~known poems, was written by Stanley Hawley.

1948 W. R. Benét Reader's Encycl. 1029 The first English opera (1656), written by Sir William Davenant, with..‘recitation music’ by Dr. Charles Coleman and George Hudson.

1975 PMLA 90 372/1 The monodramatic technique..led to a kind of performance in which ballads were, not sung, but declaimed to musical accompaniment..A long series of such ‘Recitation Music’ was written by Stanley Hawley.

recitation note n. = reciting note n. at reciting n. Compounds.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > vocal music > religious or devotional > [noun] > chanted > plainchant > part of plainchant

pneumaa1398

neume1440

intonation1620

antiphony1753

mediation1776

neuma1776

antiphon1778

recitation note1844

initial1880

punctum1882

mediant1930

1844 W. B. Heathcote Canticles p. iii The first half of the verse is said on the recitation-note G.

1991 Musical Times 132 208/2 Jebb complained of choristers hurrying through the recitation note of the psalm ‘as if they were going to take a running leap at the tune’.

Derivatives

† reciˈtationalism n. Obsolete rare the qualities or characteristics of recitation.

ΚΠ

1890 Pall Mall Gaz. 18 Aug. 3/1 His delivery was admirable..without a taint of rant or recitationalism.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	recitation
释义	recitationn. Brit. /ˌrɛsᵻˈteɪʃn/, U.S. /ˌrɛsəˈteɪʃ(ə)n/ Forms: late Middle English recytacion, 1500s recytacyon, 1500s– recitation. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French recitation; Latin recitātiōn-, recitātiō. Etymology: < Middle French recitacion, Middle French, French †recitation, French récitation recital, account, narration (1366), narrative (second half of the 15th cent. or earlier), action or act of reciting a text from memory (1530; compare Anglo-Norman recitacion , recitation , recitatioun opening statement containing the plaintiff's case (early 14th cent.)) and its etymon classical Latin recitātiōn-, recitātiō action of reading aloud, in post-classical Latin also account, narration (c1230 in a British source) < recitāt- , past participial stem of recitāre recite v. + -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare Italian recitazione instance, act, or action of reciting (14th cent.), recital, narrative (14th cent.; now obsolete). 1. a. The action of relating, recounting, or describing something; recital, account, description. Formerly also: †the action of enumerating something (obsolete). ΚΠ 1484 W. Caxton tr. Subtyl Historyes & Fables Esope v The v fable is of the recytacion of somme monstres. a1500 tr. A. Chartier Traité de l'Esperance (Rawl.) (1974) 107 (MED) Leve the bookis and assur thi creaunce in the recytacion of thauncient men. 1542 Dyalogue Defensyue for Women sig. B.ii^v Saynt Austayne maketh recytacyon Of domes day. 1648 W. Jenkyn Ὁδηγος Τυϕλος i. 15 Though indeed the recitation of such cheape and poore stuffe, be a sufficient refutation of them among intelligent Readers. 1685 R. Baxter Paraphr. New Test. Matt. i. 14 I reduce them to fourteen in the recitation, for memory-sake. 1746 J. Cotton Seasonable Warning Churches Introd. p. vii I could mention some further Particulars greatly illustrating the Matter; but I take no Delight in the Recitation, and shall therefore wave them. 1896 A. R. White Youth's Educator xi. 122 These people never allow the recitation of any one's doings but their own. 1916 J. W. Riley Compl. Wks. I. 64 Did I start in recitation My past life to recall? 1952 D. M. Jones Anathemata vii. 220 However much he would wish to continue proclaiming his wonder-tale, he must break off the recitation of this true historia and be silent. 1992 D. Hampson Theol. & Feminism (BNC) 29 I will at this point..say something of my own odyssey. Such a recitation may lead to the conclusion that one who consistently holds to this position..lands outside the church. b. An instance or act of relating or narrating something; an account, a narrative. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > narration > [noun] > a narrative or account talec1200 historyc1230 sawc1320 tellinga1325 treatisec1374 chroniclec1380 process?1387 legendc1390 prosec1390 pistlec1395 treatc1400 relationc1425 rehearsal?a1439 report?a1439 narrationc1449 recorda1450 count1477 redec1480 story1489 recount1490 deductiona1532 repetition1533 narrative1539 discourse1546 account1561 recital1561 enarrative1575 legendary1577 enarration1592 recite1594 repeat1609 texture1611 recitation1614 rendera1616 prospect1625 recitement1646 tell1743 diegesis1829 récit1915 narrative line1953 1614 W. Lithgow Most Delectable Disc. Peregrination sig. R3^v I quenched & abated his calumnies, by a recitation of the incomparable vertues of our dread Soueraigne;..his bounty, wisedome, learning and gouernment. 1641 J. Milton Reason Church-govt. 40 Wise and artfull recitations sweetned with eloquent and gracefull inticements. 1654 H. Hammond Of Fund. in Notion xv. 149 The recitations and descriptions of God's decreed wrath. 1702 C. Mather Magnalia Christi iv. i. 131/1 Unto this brief Recitation of Occurrences relating to the Colledge, I shall only annex a few Passages, used by Mr. Mather, when he gave the Degrees,..after his Arrival. 1867 ‘Ouida’ Under Two Flags II. ii. 43 The wild mirth, the unbridled licence, the amatory recitations, and the Bacchic odes in their lawless sapir. 1968 R. B. Lee & I. Devore Man the Hunter xxxiii. 312 It has become a common routine to observe that man is born helpless..that he is a generalized animal.., and this recitation often leads to the observation that man is physically weak and defenseless. 2000 A. Frye Humanitarian Intervention 16 As this recitation of concerns, considerations, and dilemmas makes clear, it is naive to expect that we can formulate a set of ‘iron laws.’ 2. a. An instance or act of reading aloud or repeating from memory a poem, passage, prayer, etc., esp. before an audience. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > speech-making > recitation > [noun] > an act of or recital sayingc1390 recital1567 recitation1618 spout1832 recite1885 1618 T. Adams Happines of Church ii. 138 These can wish with Balaam, to dye Christians, but they must liue Pagans. Hauing raised thousands..they can bestow the dead hope of a litle mite on the Church. In memoriall whereof the heyre must procure an annuall recitation. 1779 H. Cowley Who's the Dupe? ii. 24 If it is merely a recitation of Greek that you want, you shall be gratified. 1841 E. W. Lane tr. Thousand & One Nights I. 15 Thus, on the first night of the thousand and one, Shahrazád commenced her recitations. 1847 G. Grote Hist. Greece IV. ii. xxviii. 96 There were recitations and lectures in a spacious council-room. 1895 T. Hardy Jude ii. vi. 136 When the vicar arranged readings and recitations, she appeared on the platform, the smallest of them all. 1908 L. M. Montgomery Anne of Green Gables xxiii. 262 Every other Friday afternoon she has recitations and everybody has to say a piece or take part in a dialogue. 1953 ‘P. Lanham’ & A. S. Mopeli-Paulus Blanket Boy's Moon ii. i. 91 Libe's recitation was eagerly awaited, for he came of a family renowned for its ‘praising’. 1988 G. Boddy Katherine Mansfield i. 5 Kathleen also entertained the girls with songs and recitations at concerts. 2005 Business Recorder (Nexis) 21 May The prime minister..complimented him for his excellent recitation from the Holy Quran. b. The action of reading aloud or repeating from memory a poem, passage, prayer, etc. Also: the action of intoning a psalm or canticle. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > speech-making > recitation > [noun] rehearsalc1405 rehearse1429 repetition1579 spouting1581 hersall1590 recitation1623 absolutiona1637 rendition1851 rep1858 1623 H. Cockeram Eng. Dict. Recitation, a reading with a loude voice. 1659 J. Pearson Expos. Apostles Creed i. 22 The recitation of the Creed at the first initiation into the Church by Baptisme. 1781 S. Johnson Thomson in Pref. Wks. Eng. Poets IX. 20 He accompanied the players by audible recitation, till a friendly hint frighted him to silence. 1828 R. Whately Rhetoric in Encycl. Metrop. (1847) I. 302/1 Let all studied recitation therefore..be carefully avoided. 1841 G. Borrow Zincali II. iii. ii. 60 From the recitation of this individual we wrote down the..Deluge. 1879 G. Grove Dict. Music I. 626 The note on which the recitation is made in each Psalm or Canticle tone. 1931 G. B. Sansom Japan iii. xii. 222 Recitation of the formulae known as mantra. 1985 A. Kenny Path from Rome (1986) vii. 97 The subdeacon is bound to the daily recitation of the breviary. 2000 S. M. Schneiders in A. Hastings et al. Oxf. Compan. Christian Thought 612/1 Monastic life, both male and female, was primarily enclosed and organized around the choral recitation of the Divine Office. 3. U.S. Education. An oral examination on material previously learned or explained, esp. when used as a regular teaching method (now chiefly historical); a class in which this occurs, now typically a small discussion class concentrating on material presented in a larger lecture; a section. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > repetition > [noun] > rapid or mechanical repetition pitter-pattera1450 parrotinga1603 recitation1770 roting1816 psittacism1861 society > education > educational administration > examination > [noun] > other examinations recitation1770 screw1810 term paper1873 trade test1880 City and Guilds1882 entry exam1886 inter1891 pop quiz1931 1770 P. V. Fithian Let. 30 Nov. in Jrnl. & Lett. (1900) 8 At nine the Bell rings for Recitation, after which we study till one, when the Bell rings for Dinner. 1780 E. Parkman Diary 9 Feb. (1899) 208 He has been absent from ye Recitations so long, that he ought to be one of ye first that returns at this Term. 1824 W. N. Blaus Excurs. 364 The ‘recitations’ mentioned, are examinations on the subject of the lecture of the preceding day. a1882 J. P. Quincy Figures of Past (1884) 4 He took up his Livy to prepare for the last recitation that he could hope to attend. 1903 Forum July 124 Every recitation is incidentally a lesson in English, whether it be an exercise in literature, history, science or some other subject. 1966 Post-Standard (Syracuse, N.Y.) 19 Dec. 8/3 An SU biology student will be given reading assignments and also must attend the weekly lecture and recitation. 2006 Insider's Guide to Colleges 2007 (Yale Daily News) 511/1 Most of the larger and harder classes, however, also have what is called a weekly ‘recitation’. Compounds C1. (In sense 3.) recitation bench n. ΚΠ 1831 Introd. Disc. & Lectures 343 A recitation bench is in front of all, upon which a class may sit, free from the interruption of other boys. 1949 ‘J. Nelson’ Backwoods Teacher 48 Likely-looking ones I placed on the table..beside the four, long, recitation benches. 2005 Centre Daily Times (State College, Pa.) (Nexis) 17 Aug. 3 Rows of tiny wooden desks equipped with ink wells face the teacher's desk and the recitation bench next to it. recitation method n. ΚΠ 1870 Biblical Repertory Oct. 636 The recitation method of instruction is that which is best suited for boys at school..and must be retained in the university, wherever drill is needed. 1975 A. Parkman David Jayne Hill & Probl. World Peace 20 Seven weeks, too brief a time to complete a textbook by the customary recitation method. 2006 Africa News (Nexis) 15 June Recitation method assists students in gaining higher achievement. Its weakness is that it promotes regurgitation of facts. recitation room n. ΚΠ 1800 J. C. Ogden Excursion Bethlehem & Nazareth 44 From the hall we went to the recitation room and Inspector's study. 1899 W. James Talks to Teachers xiv. 161 The flowing life of the mind is sorted into parcels suitable for presentation in the recitation-room. 1995 Advocate (Baton Rouge, Louisiana) (Nexis) 19 Mar. 14 The main academic building..had lecture and recitation rooms for lessons in history, Greek, Latin,..and philosophy. C2. recitation music n. music used to accompany a declamation or recital of a poem or other piece of work. ΚΠ 1894 S. Hawley in Musical Times (1895) 29/1 (title) Recitation-music series. 1927 Grove's Dict. Music (ed. 3) III. 371/2 A long series of ‘Recitation Music’, i.e. compositions for piano intended to accompany the declamation of various well~known poems, was written by Stanley Hawley. 1948 W. R. Benét Reader's Encycl. 1029 The first English opera (1656), written by Sir William Davenant, with..‘recitation music’ by Dr. Charles Coleman and George Hudson. 1975 PMLA 90 372/1 The monodramatic technique..led to a kind of performance in which ballads were, not sung, but declaimed to musical accompaniment..A long series of such ‘Recitation Music’ was written by Stanley Hawley. recitation note n. = reciting note n. at reciting n. Compounds. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > vocal music > religious or devotional > [noun] > chanted > plainchant > part of plainchant pneumaa1398 neume1440 intonation1620 antiphony1753 mediation1776 neuma1776 antiphon1778 recitation note1844 initial1880 punctum1882 mediant1930 1844 W. B. Heathcote Canticles p. iii The first half of the verse is said on the recitation-note G. 1991 Musical Times 132 208/2 Jebb complained of choristers hurrying through the recitation note of the psalm ‘as if they were going to take a running leap at the tune’. Derivatives † reciˈtationalism n. Obsolete rare the qualities or characteristics of recitation. ΚΠ 1890 Pall Mall Gaz. 18 Aug. 3/1 His delivery was admirable..without a taint of rant or recitationalism. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1484
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