realizationn.

Brit.

/ˌrɪəlʌɪˈzeɪʃn/,

/ˌrɪəlᵻˈzeɪʃn/, U.S.

/ˌri(ə)ləˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/

Forms: see realize v.² and -ation suffix.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; perhaps originally modelled on a French lexical item. Etymons: realize v.², -ation suffix.

Etymology: < realize v.² + -ation suffix, perhaps originally after French réalisation (1509 in Middle French in legal use, 1611 in Cotgrave in sense ‘action of making real’, 1875 in music). Compare realizing n.

I. The action of making real.

a. The action of making real or investing with reality; the process of becoming or being made real; conversion into fact.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > carrying out > [noun] > putting into effect

executionc1380

conducement1552

effecting1581

effectuating1584

effectuation1590

realization1611

effection1652

implementation1926

pragmatization1948

the world > existence and causation > existence > reality or real existence or actuality > [noun] > making or becoming real

realization1611

actualization1823

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Realisation, a realization, a realizing, a making real.

1762 tr. Comte de Buffon Nat. Hist. Horse 46 Nature has in every species a general prototype, after which every individual is formed: this, in the realization, degenerates or improves from circumstances.

1799 W. Taylor in Monthly Rev. 29 148 Conscious of the..value of his lofty views, and desirous of dying for them..to secure the trust of their realization.

1815 N. W. Wraxall Hist. Mem. I. 243 No reflexions..on the indecorum..in the proceeding interposed to prevent its immediate realization.

1880 J. McCarthy Hist. our Own Times III. xxxvi. 132 There is as yet no sign of the realisation of the fears which he expressed.

1914 E. P. Stewart Lett. Woman Homesteader 175 There are times when anticipation is a great deal better than realization.

1953 Times 14 Sept. 13/1 In spite of the realization of those fears, a substantial advance in turnover..enables me to report a small increase in the group trading profit.

1995 Amer. Hist. Rev. 100 p. v Turner also notes the many obstacles to the realization of this scheme.

b. An instance or example of this.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > existence > reality or real existence or actuality > [noun] > making or becoming real > case or instance of

realization1765

1765 R. Bentley Patriotism (ed. 2) v. 61 To her they seem Realizations of a fev'rish dream.

1798 C. Leftley tr. J. W. von Goethe Clavidgo ii. iv. 19 I find therein a realization of those very delightful hopes, which I have often cherished in my heart without the prospect of so happy an accomplishment.

1837 H. Martineau Society in Amer. III. 259 Such a realisation of high morals..as the world has not yet beheld.

1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. v. 38 The rider seemed one with his frail craft, an amphibious realization of the centaur.

1906 Virginia Law Reg. 12 603 The time is now right for our dreams to be turned into realizations.

1966 Guardian 1 Sept. 7/3 Ralph Ortiz, American and destroyer of pianos..doesn't call them happenings any more, he drawls them ‘realisations’.

1996 M. Glendinning et al. Hist. Sc. Archit. (1997) v. 193 In Edinburgh, Scotland's Romantic classical city planning of the first quarter of the nineteenth century achieved its most dramatic realisations.

2. Music. The action of completing or enriching the harmonic texture of a piece of music by interpreting performance directions which are either vague or incomplete; see realize v.² 2. Also: a piece of music so completed or enriched.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > composing music > [noun] > completing sparsely notated music

realization1911

society > leisure > the arts > music > piece of music > type of piece > [noun] > other types of piece

tinternel1573

aubade1678

nome1705

accompaniment1728

potboiler1783

raga1789

elegy1808

improvisation1824

pièce d'occasion1830

morceau de salon1854

tum-tum1859

murky1876

test-piece1876

invention1880

monodia1880

serenata1883

monody1887

dumka1895

incidental number1904

a cappella1905

folk-tune1907

realization1911

nosebleeder1921

show tune1927

sicilienne1927

estampie1937

ballad1944

Siciliana1947

hard rocker1957

rabble-rouser1958

display1959

mobile1961

soundscape1968

grower1973

lounge1978

1911 E. Newman tr. A. Schweitzer J. S. Bach II. xxxv. 447 The only original instrument to be considered in connection with the realisation of the thorough-bass is the organ.

1946 Penguin Music Mag. Dec. 92 There is an atmosphere about these ‘realisations’ by Nadia Boulanger which is usually absent from our choral recordings.

1954 Grove's Dict. Music (ed. 5) VII. 69/1 Realization, a useful modern term for the setting forth of a thorough-bass in full harmony, with more or less elaborate textures, from a continuo part, either at sight in performance or in editing old music.

1958 Listener 4 Dec. 964/3 His [sc. Roman's] realization of Leo's Dixit, which he conducted in 1747, shows how far his predilection for the Italians went.

1966 Listener 10 Mar. 364 Deryck Cooke's fine realization of Mahler's tenth symphony hardly received its due on Wednesday.

1980 Early Music 8 109/2 The continuo realization by Claire Caillard follows the principles of Saint Lambert.

2006 Times (Nexis) 4 Aug. 26 As with his earlier realisation of Elgar's unfinished Third Symphony, Payne has skilfully crafted many authentic touches.

a. Statistics. A particular series which might be generated by a specified random process; a particular value generated by a random variable.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > probability or statistics > [noun] > groups or arrangements of data

quartile1879

decile1882

percentile1885

centile1894

array1897

quintile1910

rank order1915

stratum1920

bin1934

quantile1938

realization1941

fractile1952

1941 Ann. Math. Statistics 12 165 Our event, the realization of a value, equal to or greater than x, has the probability P(x) = 1− W(x).

1950 Ann. Math. Statistics 21 524 Another realization consists in dividing each value obtained in one series of independent observations by every other value.

1975 D. R. Brillinger Time Series ii. 18 Once a θ has been generated (in accordance with its probability distribution), the function X(t, θ), with θ fixed, will be described as a realization, trajectory, or sample path of the time series.

1991 Antiquity 65 809/2 The actual value x is one of many possible values that could have been arrived at... In statistical terms, x is a realization of a random variable.

b. Mathematics. An instance or embodiment of an abstract group or structure, such as the set of symmetry operations of an object or set.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > numerical arrangement > [noun] > set > in abstract algebra > groups > quality

order1878

representation1897

realization1954

Clifford module1964

1954 R. A. Beaumont & R. W. Ball Introd. Mod. Algebra & Matrix Theory iv. 135 Find a realization in geometry of the group consisting of the elements e, a, a², a³, a⁴, a⁵ where a⁶ = e, the identity of the group.

1965 E. M. Patterson & D. E. Rutherford Elem. Abstr. Algebra ii. 52 A particular member of an equivalence class is called a realisation..of the corresponding abstract group.

1991 J. B. Griffiths Colliding Plane Waves in Gen. Relativity (BNC) 109 The first really useful realization of the Lie algebra of the Geroch group was formulated by Kinnersley and Chitre.

4. Linguistics. The (graphic, phonetic, grammatical, etc.) expression or manifestation of a particular linguistic feature. Cf. realize v.² 4.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > [noun] > realization of feature or category

exponency1880

realization1950

exponent1957

exponence1960

1950 E. Haugen First Grammatical Treat. 42 The relation of noumenon to phenomenon..is not too different from certain modern definitions of the phoneme involving its ‘realization’ or ‘actualization’ in different physical sounds.

1971 B. Mafeni in J. Spencer Eng. Lang. W. Afr. 102 The two words ‘de’ in ‘de way’ and in ‘you de waste’ are spelt alike, but they are actually two different lexical and grammatical items with different phonetic realisations.

1972 Language 48 384 All speakers clearly simplify to a certain extent the phonetic realization of words derived from their own languages, and yet pronounce them with their sound structures more intact than do non-native speakers.

1992 Lang. in Society 21 i. 10 The vowel /e/ (as in went, question) varies between long, mid realizations and short, lower realizations.

1996 Internat. Jrnl. Amer. Linguistics 62 236 The grammatical realization of temporal features in Navajo.

II. That action of converting an asset into money.

a. The action of converting an asset (as securities, property, etc.) into a more concrete or readily accessible form of wealth; (in later use esp.) the action of selling off investments, land, etc., in order to obtain the monetary value; an instance of this.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > selling > [noun] > fact of being sold > for cash or credit

realization1753

cash-sale1808

credit sale1822

society > trade and finance > financial dealings > types of money-dealing > [noun] > converting into money or cash

realization1753

convertibility1790

encashment1861

liquidation1909

1753 J. Hanway Rev. Proposed Naturalization of Jews vii. 158 There is a certain period of life, in which men of fortune..are generally inclined to realize some of their wealth. Would not such realization be either dangerous or inconvenient?

1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) II. 61 In 1777, a judicious realization of the paper took place; and silver, with national bank notes, form a sure medium.

1839 Times 25 Apr. 6/6 With the realization of other property it is expected that on declaring the first dividend the creditors will receive 12s. 6d. in the pound.

1887 Daily News 10 Mar. 6/8 After a rise of nearly one in French Rentes some realisations were inevitable.

1897 Virginia Law Reg. 17 287 The object of an assignment for the benefit of creditors is a speedy realization of the assets and a prompt distribution amongst creditors.

1923 Michigan Law Rev. 21 262 The present methods of realization of mortgages by statutory or express power of sale or by foreclosure are not affected.

1969 Times 2 May (Suppl.) p. viii/4 The finance houses do not distribute as dividend the profits made on the realization of investments, colloquially known as share-dealing profits.

2007 Courier Mail (Brisbane) (Nexis) 3 Jan. 19 Mr Taylor said the Australian Government needed to revise the rules that capital losses could only be claimed on realisation of the investment.

b. The action of obtaining or acquiring a sum of money, a fortune, etc., esp. by sale of an asset, trade, or similar means; the action of making a profit on a sale or other transaction; an instance of this. Also: an amount of money so obtained.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > management of money > income, revenue, or profit > getting or making money > [noun]

winninga1300

purchasec1325

lucrec1380

chevisancea1400

framing1440

lucring1574

lucrifaction1606

lucration1658

money-making1785

realization1799

money getting1836

capital formation1889

1799 Heads Mr. Dundas's Speech on Finances East-India Comp. 13 I was doubtful of a compleat realization of the amount stated on the current Revenue.

1801 Asiatic Ann. Reg. 1800 Proc. Parl. 12/2 When the estimate..was brought before the Committee,..doubts were stated as to the realization of the net revenue.

1813 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1838) X. 52 Some authority..which should superintend the realization of the resources of the country, and should be responsible for their application to the service of the army.

1873 Times 2 July 7/2 The influx of water and the cost of coal and materials prevented the realization of a profit.

1924 Reno (Nevada) Evening Gaz. 13 Aug. 6/1 Each of twelve relatives..will receive one-twelfth of the total realization when the estate is liquidated.

1967 Accounting Rev. 42 119/2 The combined assets are assumed to have a value in excess of their combined costs permitting the realization of a profit.

1994 Financial Times (Nexis) 31 Mar. 8 He had provided estimates of gross potential realisations from the estate of more than £8.7m, when he knew the figure he would be able to collect was far smaller.

2003 Financial Times (Nexis) 16 May 24 The group also enjoyed a realisation on investments of nearly £1bn in the year.

III. The action of apprehending with the mind.

6. The action or an act of comprehending or understanding something clearly; the action or process of becoming fully aware of something. Also: a concept or understanding thus formed.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of ideation > [noun] > forming of ideas

thoughta1325

conceptiona1387

conceiving1559

conceiting1563

surmise1592

apprehension1597

realization1797

ideation1818

conceptualization1866

conceptualizing1897

the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of ideation > idea, notion, or concept > [noun] > distinct

realization1797

representation1864

overthought1883

1797 H. Mann Female Rev. iv. 101 For want of a knowledge or realization of this, into how many gross errors and absurdities have mankind inadvertently fallen.

1828 E. B. Pusey Hist. Enq. Rationalist Char. I. 157 His own views were rather dim..conceptions than any full realization of the truths which flashed across rather than dwelt upon his mind.

1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People vi. §4. 299 His [sc. Colet's] faith stood simply on a vivid realization of the person of Christ.

1922 E. von Arnim Enchanted April (1989) 353 ‘I owe you so much,’ she said, overcome by the sudden realisation of all she did owe him.

1952 Eng. Hist. Rev. 67 142 An impressive study, which traces the gradual realization by [The Society of] Friends that slave trading and slavery were incompatible with their faith.

1990 A. Brookner Brief Lives vii. 71 Mother would have said, ‘Out of bad comes good,’ and this realization gave me extraordinary comfort.

2007 Canad. Gardening (Nexis) Sept. 84 A sobering realization hit: Holymoly, I've joined the club. I've turned into one of those fussing old codgers myself.

Derivatives

realiˈzational adj.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > [adjective] > specific types or features of linguistic analysis

paradigmatic1891

realizational1904

non-distinctive1916

principled1919

binary1921

over-differentiated1927

marked1933

unmarked1933

isomorphic1937

nuclear1937

contrastive1940

metalinguistic1941

metalingual1942

componential1947

linear1955

rewrite1960

unordered1960

taxonomic1962

non-binary1971

1904 H. W. Dresser Power of Silence (rev. ed.) 15 What he [sc. man] most needs is a working ideal, a principle by which to apply philosophy more successfully. Hence the importance of ideals, the realisational aspect of religious teaching.

1965 Ld. Northbourne tr. F. Schuon Light on Anc. Worlds 66 The Biblical, mystical and ‘realizational’ character of Christianity.

1972 Language 48 408 The present article sets the frame for a wider study of suffixal j in Germanic by linking the realizational rules of underlying j in two Germanic dialects—Old English and Gothic.

1991 Eng. World-wide 12 286 The approach is shown to be theoretically sounder than ‘realisational’ studies of discourse variation that have been attempted.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	realization
释义	realizationn. Brit. /ˌrɪəlʌɪˈzeɪʃn/, /ˌrɪəlᵻˈzeɪʃn/, U.S. /ˌri(ə)ləˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/ Forms: see realize v.² and -ation suffix. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; perhaps originally modelled on a French lexical item. Etymons: realize v.², -ation suffix. Etymology: < realize v.² + -ation suffix, perhaps originally after French réalisation (1509 in Middle French in legal use, 1611 in Cotgrave in sense ‘action of making real’, 1875 in music). Compare realizing n. I. The action of making real. 1. a. The action of making real or investing with reality; the process of becoming or being made real; conversion into fact. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > carrying out > [noun] > putting into effect executionc1380 conducement1552 effecting1581 effectuating1584 effectuation1590 realization1611 effection1652 implementation1926 pragmatization1948 the world > existence and causation > existence > reality or real existence or actuality > [noun] > making or becoming real realization1611 actualization1823 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Realisation, a realization, a realizing, a making real. 1762 tr. Comte de Buffon Nat. Hist. Horse 46 Nature has in every species a general prototype, after which every individual is formed: this, in the realization, degenerates or improves from circumstances. 1799 W. Taylor in Monthly Rev. 29 148 Conscious of the..value of his lofty views, and desirous of dying for them..to secure the trust of their realization. 1815 N. W. Wraxall Hist. Mem. I. 243 No reflexions..on the indecorum..in the proceeding interposed to prevent its immediate realization. 1880 J. McCarthy Hist. our Own Times III. xxxvi. 132 There is as yet no sign of the realisation of the fears which he expressed. 1914 E. P. Stewart Lett. Woman Homesteader 175 There are times when anticipation is a great deal better than realization. 1953 Times 14 Sept. 13/1 In spite of the realization of those fears, a substantial advance in turnover..enables me to report a small increase in the group trading profit. 1995 Amer. Hist. Rev. 100 p. v Turner also notes the many obstacles to the realization of this scheme. b. An instance or example of this. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > reality or real existence or actuality > [noun] > making or becoming real > case or instance of realization1765 1765 R. Bentley Patriotism (ed. 2) v. 61 To her they seem Realizations of a fev'rish dream. 1798 C. Leftley tr. J. W. von Goethe Clavidgo ii. iv. 19 I find therein a realization of those very delightful hopes, which I have often cherished in my heart without the prospect of so happy an accomplishment. 1837 H. Martineau Society in Amer. III. 259 Such a realisation of high morals..as the world has not yet beheld. 1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. v. 38 The rider seemed one with his frail craft, an amphibious realization of the centaur. 1906 Virginia Law Reg. 12 603 The time is now right for our dreams to be turned into realizations. 1966 Guardian 1 Sept. 7/3 Ralph Ortiz, American and destroyer of pianos..doesn't call them happenings any more, he drawls them ‘realisations’. 1996 M. Glendinning et al. Hist. Sc. Archit. (1997) v. 193 In Edinburgh, Scotland's Romantic classical city planning of the first quarter of the nineteenth century achieved its most dramatic realisations. 2. Music. The action of completing or enriching the harmonic texture of a piece of music by interpreting performance directions which are either vague or incomplete; see realize v.² 2. Also: a piece of music so completed or enriched. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > composing music > [noun] > completing sparsely notated music realization1911 society > leisure > the arts > music > piece of music > type of piece > [noun] > other types of piece tinternel1573 aubade1678 nome1705 accompaniment1728 potboiler1783 raga1789 elegy1808 improvisation1824 pièce d'occasion1830 morceau de salon1854 tum-tum1859 murky1876 test-piece1876 invention1880 monodia1880 serenata1883 monody1887 dumka1895 incidental number1904 a cappella1905 folk-tune1907 realization1911 nosebleeder1921 show tune1927 sicilienne1927 estampie1937 ballad1944 Siciliana1947 hard rocker1957 rabble-rouser1958 display1959 mobile1961 soundscape1968 grower1973 lounge1978 1911 E. Newman tr. A. Schweitzer J. S. Bach II. xxxv. 447 The only original instrument to be considered in connection with the realisation of the thorough-bass is the organ. 1946 Penguin Music Mag. Dec. 92 There is an atmosphere about these ‘realisations’ by Nadia Boulanger which is usually absent from our choral recordings. 1954 Grove's Dict. Music (ed. 5) VII. 69/1 Realization, a useful modern term for the setting forth of a thorough-bass in full harmony, with more or less elaborate textures, from a continuo part, either at sight in performance or in editing old music. 1958 Listener 4 Dec. 964/3 His [sc. Roman's] realization of Leo's Dixit, which he conducted in 1747, shows how far his predilection for the Italians went. 1966 Listener 10 Mar. 364 Deryck Cooke's fine realization of Mahler's tenth symphony hardly received its due on Wednesday. 1980 Early Music 8 109/2 The continuo realization by Claire Caillard follows the principles of Saint Lambert. 2006 Times (Nexis) 4 Aug. 26 As with his earlier realisation of Elgar's unfinished Third Symphony, Payne has skilfully crafted many authentic touches. 3. a. Statistics. A particular series which might be generated by a specified random process; a particular value generated by a random variable. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > probability or statistics > [noun] > groups or arrangements of data quartile1879 decile1882 percentile1885 centile1894 array1897 quintile1910 rank order1915 stratum1920 bin1934 quantile1938 realization1941 fractile1952 1941 Ann. Math. Statistics 12 165 Our event, the realization of a value, equal to or greater than x, has the probability P(x) = 1− W(x). 1950 Ann. Math. Statistics 21 524 Another realization consists in dividing each value obtained in one series of independent observations by every other value. 1975 D. R. Brillinger Time Series ii. 18 Once a θ has been generated (in accordance with its probability distribution), the function X(t, θ), with θ fixed, will be described as a realization, trajectory, or sample path of the time series. 1991 Antiquity 65 809/2 The actual value x is one of many possible values that could have been arrived at... In statistical terms, x is a realization of a random variable. b. Mathematics. An instance or embodiment of an abstract group or structure, such as the set of symmetry operations of an object or set. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > numerical arrangement > [noun] > set > in abstract algebra > groups > quality order1878 representation1897 realization1954 Clifford module1964 1954 R. A. Beaumont & R. W. Ball Introd. Mod. Algebra & Matrix Theory iv. 135 Find a realization in geometry of the group consisting of the elements e, a, a², a³, a⁴, a⁵ where a⁶ = e, the identity of the group. 1965 E. M. Patterson & D. E. Rutherford Elem. Abstr. Algebra ii. 52 A particular member of an equivalence class is called a realisation..of the corresponding abstract group. 1991 J. B. Griffiths Colliding Plane Waves in Gen. Relativity (BNC) 109 The first really useful realization of the Lie algebra of the Geroch group was formulated by Kinnersley and Chitre. 4. Linguistics. The (graphic, phonetic, grammatical, etc.) expression or manifestation of a particular linguistic feature. Cf. realize v.² 4. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > [noun] > realization of feature or category exponency1880 realization1950 exponent1957 exponence1960 1950 E. Haugen First Grammatical Treat. 42 The relation of noumenon to phenomenon..is not too different from certain modern definitions of the phoneme involving its ‘realization’ or ‘actualization’ in different physical sounds. 1971 B. Mafeni in J. Spencer Eng. Lang. W. Afr. 102 The two words ‘de’ in ‘de way’ and in ‘you de waste’ are spelt alike, but they are actually two different lexical and grammatical items with different phonetic realisations. 1972 Language 48 384 All speakers clearly simplify to a certain extent the phonetic realization of words derived from their own languages, and yet pronounce them with their sound structures more intact than do non-native speakers. 1992 Lang. in Society 21 i. 10 The vowel /e/ (as in went, question) varies between long, mid realizations and short, lower realizations. 1996 Internat. Jrnl. Amer. Linguistics 62 236 The grammatical realization of temporal features in Navajo. II. That action of converting an asset into money. 5. a. The action of converting an asset (as securities, property, etc.) into a more concrete or readily accessible form of wealth; (in later use esp.) the action of selling off investments, land, etc., in order to obtain the monetary value; an instance of this. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > selling > [noun] > fact of being sold > for cash or credit realization1753 cash-sale1808 credit sale1822 society > trade and finance > financial dealings > types of money-dealing > [noun] > converting into money or cash realization1753 convertibility1790 encashment1861 liquidation1909 1753 J. Hanway Rev. Proposed Naturalization of Jews vii. 158 There is a certain period of life, in which men of fortune..are generally inclined to realize some of their wealth. Would not such realization be either dangerous or inconvenient? 1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) II. 61 In 1777, a judicious realization of the paper took place; and silver, with national bank notes, form a sure medium. 1839 Times 25 Apr. 6/6 With the realization of other property it is expected that on declaring the first dividend the creditors will receive 12s. 6d. in the pound. 1887 Daily News 10 Mar. 6/8 After a rise of nearly one in French Rentes some realisations were inevitable. 1897 Virginia Law Reg. 17 287 The object of an assignment for the benefit of creditors is a speedy realization of the assets and a prompt distribution amongst creditors. 1923 Michigan Law Rev. 21 262 The present methods of realization of mortgages by statutory or express power of sale or by foreclosure are not affected. 1969 Times 2 May (Suppl.) p. viii/4 The finance houses do not distribute as dividend the profits made on the realization of investments, colloquially known as share-dealing profits. 2007 Courier Mail (Brisbane) (Nexis) 3 Jan. 19 Mr Taylor said the Australian Government needed to revise the rules that capital losses could only be claimed on realisation of the investment. b. The action of obtaining or acquiring a sum of money, a fortune, etc., esp. by sale of an asset, trade, or similar means; the action of making a profit on a sale or other transaction; an instance of this. Also: an amount of money so obtained. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > management of money > income, revenue, or profit > getting or making money > [noun] winninga1300 purchasec1325 lucrec1380 chevisancea1400 framing1440 lucring1574 lucrifaction1606 lucration1658 money-making1785 realization1799 money getting1836 capital formation1889 1799 Heads Mr. Dundas's Speech on Finances East-India Comp. 13 I was doubtful of a compleat realization of the amount stated on the current Revenue. 1801 Asiatic Ann. Reg. 1800 Proc. Parl. 12/2 When the estimate..was brought before the Committee,..doubts were stated as to the realization of the net revenue. 1813 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1838) X. 52 Some authority..which should superintend the realization of the resources of the country, and should be responsible for their application to the service of the army. 1873 Times 2 July 7/2 The influx of water and the cost of coal and materials prevented the realization of a profit. 1924 Reno (Nevada) Evening Gaz. 13 Aug. 6/1 Each of twelve relatives..will receive one-twelfth of the total realization when the estate is liquidated. 1967 Accounting Rev. 42 119/2 The combined assets are assumed to have a value in excess of their combined costs permitting the realization of a profit. 1994 Financial Times (Nexis) 31 Mar. 8 He had provided estimates of gross potential realisations from the estate of more than £8.7m, when he knew the figure he would be able to collect was far smaller. 2003 Financial Times (Nexis) 16 May 24 The group also enjoyed a realisation on investments of nearly £1bn in the year. III. The action of apprehending with the mind. 6. The action or an act of comprehending or understanding something clearly; the action or process of becoming fully aware of something. Also: a concept or understanding thus formed. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of ideation > [noun] > forming of ideas thoughta1325 conceptiona1387 conceiving1559 conceiting1563 surmise1592 apprehension1597 realization1797 ideation1818 conceptualization1866 conceptualizing1897 the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of ideation > idea, notion, or concept > [noun] > distinct realization1797 representation1864 overthought1883 1797 H. Mann Female Rev. iv. 101 For want of a knowledge or realization of this, into how many gross errors and absurdities have mankind inadvertently fallen. 1828 E. B. Pusey Hist. Enq. Rationalist Char. I. 157 His own views were rather dim..conceptions than any full realization of the truths which flashed across rather than dwelt upon his mind. 1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People vi. §4. 299 His [sc. Colet's] faith stood simply on a vivid realization of the person of Christ. 1922 E. von Arnim Enchanted April (1989) 353 ‘I owe you so much,’ she said, overcome by the sudden realisation of all she did owe him. 1952 Eng. Hist. Rev. 67 142 An impressive study, which traces the gradual realization by [The Society of] Friends that slave trading and slavery were incompatible with their faith. 1990 A. Brookner Brief Lives vii. 71 Mother would have said, ‘Out of bad comes good,’ and this realization gave me extraordinary comfort. 2007 Canad. Gardening (Nexis) Sept. 84 A sobering realization hit: Holymoly, I've joined the club. I've turned into one of those fussing old codgers myself. Derivatives realiˈzational adj. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > [adjective] > specific types or features of linguistic analysis paradigmatic1891 realizational1904 non-distinctive1916 principled1919 binary1921 over-differentiated1927 marked1933 unmarked1933 isomorphic1937 nuclear1937 contrastive1940 metalinguistic1941 metalingual1942 componential1947 linear1955 rewrite1960 unordered1960 taxonomic1962 non-binary1971 1904 H. W. Dresser Power of Silence (rev. ed.) 15 What he [sc. man] most needs is a working ideal, a principle by which to apply philosophy more successfully. Hence the importance of ideals, the realisational aspect of religious teaching. 1965 Ld. Northbourne tr. F. Schuon Light on Anc. Worlds 66 The Biblical, mystical and ‘realizational’ character of Christianity. 1972 Language 48 408 The present article sets the frame for a wider study of suffixal j in Germanic by linking the realizational rules of underlying j in two Germanic dialects—Old English and Gothic. 1991 Eng. World-wide 12 286 The approach is shown to be theoretically sounder than ‘realisational’ studies of discourse variation that have been attempted. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1611
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