请输入您要查询的英文单词:

 

单词 ream
释义

reamn.1

Forms: Old English hream, Old English (rare)–Middle English ream, early Middle English ræm, early Middle English reæm, Middle English rem, Middle English reme, Middle English reym.
Origin: Of uncertain origin.
Etymology: Origin uncertain; perhaps < the same Germanic base as rough v.1
Obsolete.
1. Clamour, shouting; (as a count noun) a shout, an outcry. Also: the cry of an animal.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > lamentation or expression of grief > cry of grief > [noun]
reameOE
ropeOE
greeta1325
yammer?a1513
plangor1567
ululation1599
howla1616
vagit1630
knell1647
pillaloo1785
whillaloo1790
ullagone1819
ululu1834
wail1863
the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > lamentation or expression of grief > cry of grief > [noun] > wailing
reameOE
woningc950
reminga1200
wailinga1400
bewailing1485
howling1490
yammer?a1513
wailc1540
wailment1593
bewailment1607
ejulationa1620
alleleu1689
yammering1705
ululation?1799
waly-walying1821
eOE King Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care (Hatton) (1871) lv. 427 Be ðæm is eft awriten on Genesis ðætte swiðe wære gemanigfalðod Sodomwara hream [L. clamor] & Gomorwara.
OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 2nd Ser. (Cambr. Gg.3.28) xx. 192 Ðam halgan were wæs geðuht þæt þæs gefeohtes hream..mihte beon gehyred geond ealle eorðan.
OE Byrhtferð Enchiridion (Ashm.) (1995) ii. i. 62 ‘On middre nihte wæs mycel hream geworden: nu cymð se brydguma’, þæt ys Crist to dome.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) 5627 Scottes huuen up muchelne ræm.
a1300 (c1275) Physiologus (1991) 11 Ðanne reiseð his fader him mit te rem ðat he makeð.
a1450 Body & Soul (Digby 102) (1889) 101 (MED) He was cast doun as a tode, And hellehoundes to him lette..Wiþ reuly reymes þay him grette.
2. Wailing, lamentation; (as a count noun) a cry of grief. Also: great sorrow, distress, or trouble.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > cry or shout (loudness) > [noun] > outcry or clamour
reamOE
ropeOE
brack?c1200
utas1202
hootinga1225
berec1225
noise?c1225
ludea1275
cryc1275
gredingc1275
boastc1300
utasa1325
huec1330
outcrya1382
exclamation1382
ascry1393
spraya1400
clamourc1405
shoutingc1405
scry1419
rumourc1425
motion?a1439
bemec1440
harrowc1440
shout1487
songa1500
brunt1523
ditec1540
uproar1544
clamouring1548
outrage1548
hubbub1555
racket1565
succlamation1566
rear1567
outcrying1569
bellowing1579
brawl1581
hue and cry1584
exclaiming1585
exclaim1587
sanctus1594
hubbaboo1596
oyez1597
conclamation1627
sputter1673
rout1684
dirduma1693
hallalloo1737
yelloching1773
pillaloo1785
whillaloo1790
vocitation1819
blue murder1828
blaring1837
shilloo1842
shillooing1845
pillalooing1847
shriek1929
yammering1937
OE Cynewulf Crist II 594 Nu monna gehwylc cwic þendan her wunat [read wunað], geceosan mot..swa þrymmes þræce swa þystra wræce, swa mid dryhten dream swa mid deoflum hream.
OE Beowulf (2008) 1302 Hream wearð in Heorote,..cearu wæs geniwod.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 8137 Teȝȝre wop & teȝȝre ræm Comm fullwel till hiss ære.
c1225 (?c1200) St. Katherine (Bodl.) (1981) 840 To arise from ream to a leastinde lahtre.
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 1962 Ruben..Wende him slagen, set up an rem.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

reamn.2

Brit. /riːm/, U.S. /rim/
Forms: Old English ream, Middle English rem, Middle English–1500s reme; English regional 1700s ryem (Lancashire), 1800s– ream, 1800s– reeam (northern), 1800s– reem; Scottish pre-1700 rame, pre-1700 reame, pre-1700 reim, pre-1700 reme, pre-1700 reyme, pre-1700 1700s– ream, pre-1700 1800s rem, 1700s– reem, 1800s raim, 1800s– raem; also Irish English (Wexford) 1800s reem, 1800s rhyme.
Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.
Etymology: Cognate with Middle Dutch roem, room, rōme (Dutch room), Middle Low German rōm, rōme, Old High German roum (Middle High German roum, German regional Raum, German Rahm), and also (with a different ablaut grade) Old Icelandic rjúmi, Norwegian rømme, Swedish regional römme, råm; further etymology unknown.
1.
a. = cream n.2 1. In Middle English occasionally preceded by the genitive of milk. Now English regional and Scottish. ream-piggy n. a jug for holding cream.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > dairy produce > [noun] > cream
reameOE
cream1332
raw creama1450
head1684
top of the milk1942
dairy cream1962
eOE Leechbk. (Royal) (1865) iii. x. 314 Genim god beren mela & hwit sealt, do on ream oþþe gode flete.
a1275 St. Margaret (Trin. Cambr.) l. 128 in A. S. M. Clark Seint Maregrete & Body & Soul (Ph.D. diss., Univ. of Michigan) (1972) 40 Me þenchet þes pine swete so eni milc rem [c1330 Auch. milkes rem].
c1330 (?a1300) Arthour & Merlin (Auch.) (1973) 1455 (MED) Þat on is white so milkes rem, Þat oþer is red, so feris lem.
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 319 Mylk is vsed..to clensynge and to abate hete, for þe whey is departed fro þe reme [v.r. creme; L. butyrositate].
a1425 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 661 Coactum, reme.
?c1475 Catholicon Anglicum (BL Add. 15562) f. 103 Reme, quaccum [read quactum].
c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) vi. 34 Fresche buttir ande salt buttir, reyme, flot quhaye.
1597 in J. Stuart Misc. Spalding Club (1841) I. 188 The mark was reid..and he cryit ay to straik it with reme for the birning.
1665 in J. Hunter Diocese & Presbytery Dunkeld (1918) II. 62 Boyl..till it be as thick as reame.
1690 in A. W. C. Hallen Acct. Bk. J. Foulis (1894) 117 Quhen he brings back the bottles went with ream.
1728 A. Ramsay Betty & Kate ii Can dale dainties please Thee mair than moorland ream?
1768 A. Ross Fortunate Shepherdess 52 Stoupfu's of crouds an' ream, she aft wad steal.
1788 A. Shirrefs Poems (1790) 141 I laid upon the board Some cruds and ream.
1791 Antient & Mod. Scots Poems II. 67 Sweet milk an' ream as much as you please.
1822 J. Galt Sir Andrew Wylie III. xix. 150 A bonny wee china pourie, full o' thick ream.
1853 Hogg's Instructor 1 200/2 A jug..of ‘ream’ (cream).
1880 T. Q. Couch E. Cornwall Words in M. A. Courtney & T. Q. Couch Gloss. Words Cornwall 98 Cold cream is called ‘raw ream’.
1928 Scots Mag. May 144 Aince back, he sookit up the feast afore him like a cat amang ream.
1955 Press & Jrnl. (Aberdeen) 5 Mar. Then there was a large ‘(c)ream piggie’, which she now uses as a bread bin.
1956 People's Jrnl. 20 Oct. 3 There wis naethin' like stibble grazin' for gweed rich ream tae mak' intae saut butter.
1993 K. C. Phillipps Gloss. Cornish Dial. 48 There's lots of ream in the milk.
b. figurative and allusive. Esp. with reference to flattery. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1721 J. Kelly Compl. Coll. Scotish Prov. 136 He streaks Ream in my Teeth... Spoken when we think one only flattering us.
1722 A. Ramsay Tale Three Bonnets iv. 27 Rosie..Rubs o'er his Cheeks and Gab wi' Reem, Till he believes't to be a Dream.
1818 J. Hogg Brownie of Bodsbeck I. 288 Gie lashin' meals o' the milk o' praise, the ream o' thankfu'ness.
2. = cream n.1 Obsolete.Perhaps by misidentification of a form crem cream n.1 in a source text as cream n.2 and substitution of a synonym.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > artefacts > consumables > oil > [noun]
chrisma1000
holy oilc1300
oilc1300
cream1303
reamc1390
chrisom?a1400
balm1447
Christendom?c1510
enoiling1555
society > communication > writing > writing materials > material to write on > paper > [noun] > large quantity of > specific quantity of
milleOE
reamc1390
quire1393
ternion1609
quaternion1625
quinternion1652
quinion1872
sextern1885
c1390 in F. J. Furnivall Minor Poems Vernon MS (1901) ii. 624 (MED) Cristened we weore In Red rem Whon his bodi bledde on þe Beem.
3. A layer of scum or froth on the surface of a liquid. Now English regional (northern), Irish English (northern), and Scottish.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > pollution or defilement > [noun] > specific impurities > scum
flotessec1440
scumc1440
scumming1530
scouring1591
ream1594
1594 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. II. 346 This liquor is called by the Physicions Chylus, which..resembleth the reme of a ptisame.
1786 R. Burns Twa Dogs xx, in Poems 16 The nappy reeks wi' mantling ream.
1839 D. M. Moir Life Mansie Wauch (rev. ed.) xxiv. 306 The porter..was in prime condition, with a ream as yellow as a marigold.
1928 A. D. Mackie Poems 26 Ream sooms on the tap o' the yill in a place I ken.
1996 C. I. Macafee Conc. Ulster Dict. 272/2 Ream, foram, froth, bubble.
2002 B. Griffiths North East Dial.: Surv. & Word-list (ed. 2) Ream,..‘foam, cream’.
4. Glass-making. A thin inhomogeneous layer in glass, typically parallel to the external surface of a sheet of plate glass; inhomogeneity of this type.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > glass and glass-like materials > [noun] > glass > non-homogeneous layer
ream1893
1893 Tariff Hearings U.S. House Comm. Ways & Means 231 Besides the risk of breakage and loss by handling the glass so frequently.., serious loss is sustained by having to cut the large plates down to smaller sizes because of imperfections such as ‘bubbles’, ‘seed’, ‘ream’, ‘streaks’, and plenty of other defects not discernible until the glass is nearly finished.
1921 F. E. Wright Manuf. Optical Glass & Optical Syst. ii. 32 In the case of fine-banded striae, called ‘ream’ by the plate-glass maker,..if the planes of the ream are normal to the line of sight the quality of the image is not appreciably affected.
1971 Materials & Technol. II. vi. 408 In the drawing of sheet the outer layers of glass may have come from the glass originally on the surface..and may be somewhat deficient in alkali compared with the main glass... This results in a type of inhomogeneity known as ‘ream’, in which the inhomogeneity is in a direction at right angles to the plane of the glass.
1972 Surface Sci. 48 37 Ream lines in samples of flat glass contained an excess of silica.
2001 J. I. Thornton in B. Caddy Forensic Exam. Glass & Paint vi. 99 The ream of sheet glass and cord of containers was used by von Bremen to show a commonality of source.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

reamn.3

Brit. /riːm/, U.S. /rim/
Forms:

α. late Middle English–1500s reme, late Middle English–1600s reame, 1500s–1600s realme, 1500s– ream, 1600s–1700s rheam; Scottish pre-1700 reim, pre-1700 reme, pre-1700 reym, pre-1700 rhem, 1800s– ream; N.E.D. (1904) also records a form late Middle English reeme.

β. late Middle English–1500s rym, 1500s–1600s rim; Scottish pre-1700 rhym, pre-1700 rimb, pre-1700 rimm, pre-1700 rym, pre-1700 ryme, pre-1700 1900s– rim, 1700s rhim.

Origin: Probably of multiple origins. Probably partly a borrowing from French. Probably partly a borrowing from Dutch. Etymons: French raime; Dutch rieme.
Etymology: Probably partly < Anglo-Norman and Middle French raime, rayme, rame (second half of the 14th cent.; 13th cent. in Old French as ries), reme (1427–30), remme, rime, reyme, riesme (second half of the 15th cent.), ryme (1553; French rame), and partly < Middle Dutch rieme (1384; Dutch riem), both ultimately < Arabic rizma, †razma bale or bundle (of clothes, paper, etc.). Compare Middle Low German rīm, riem, Middle High German ris, riz, rist (14th cent.; German Ries; in 16th cent. also †reisz; < Latin or Italian), Swedish ris (1536; < Middle Low German or German), Danish ris ( < Middle Low German or German). Compare also Catalan raima (late 13th cent.; probably < Arabic razma), Spanish resma (second half of the 15th cent.; also †rezma), Portuguese resma (1720; 1431 as arrezema), Italian risma (14th cent.), post-classical Latin risma (from 1334).The immediate source of the Dutch word is unclear. In form realme in the 16th cent. by confusion with realm n. It is unclear whether the following examples show the Middle English or the Anglo-Norman word:1356 in M. T. Löfvenberg Contrib. Middle Eng. Lexicogr. & Etymol. (1946) 62 [Two] reem [and five quires of paper].1393 in L. T. Smith Exped. Prussia & Holy Land Earl Derby (1894) 154 Pro j rem papiri, viij s.1411 Close Roll 12 Hen. IV [Licence..to export from England to Ireland, one] ‘Reme de papiro’.1473–4 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1901) III. 645 Pro di. rym et 3 quaternis papiri empt., 2 s. 7 d.1507–8 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1901) III. 659 In ij Rymez papiri empt. In early use (in sense 1a) frequently unchanged in the plural following a cardinal number (a common feature of words denoting units of quantity, etc.; compare quire n. 2a).
1.
a. A quantity of paper, originally 20 quires or 480 sheets, now 500 sheets. Also: (in full printer's ream) 21½ quires or 516 sheets of printing paper.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > printing > paper > [noun] > specific quantity of
quatern?1533
ternion1609
quaternion1625
quinternion1652
bundle1724
ream1832
quinion1872
quire1879
sextern1885
α.
1482 in J. P. Collier Househ. Bks. John Duke of Norfolk & Thomas Earl of Surrey (1844) 303 ij. lb. almondes, and half a reme paper.
1497 in M. Oppenheim Naval Accts. & Inventories Henry VII (1896) 128 A reame of paper roiall, j reame & vij quires of small paper.
1545 Rates Custome House sig. ciij Paper the bale conteininge x. realme at. xvi.d. the realme.
1549 J. Cheke Let. 30 May in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eminent Lit. Men (1843) (Camden) 8 I prai yow bi me a reme of paper at London.
1630 J. Taylor Great Eater of Kent 9 Offring him, that for a wager he would deuoure 4. reame of his ballads; which in the totall are two thousand.
1653 tr. Math. Recreations (new ed.) lxxxiv. 188 To each book a reame or 20 quire of the largest and thinnest printing paper.
1683 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises II. 353 Two of the twenty Quires in a Ream are called Cording Quires, viz. the two Out-side Quires.
1690 A. Wood Diary 20 Mar. in Life & Times (1894) III. 328 Bought..a reame of writing paper.
1707 tr. J. Monier de Clairecombe New & Universal Pract. Mercantile Arithm. i. xvi. 99 Divide the Product by the 500 Sheets, of which the Ream of Paper is compos'd.
1766 S. Clark Leadbetter's Royal Gauger (ed. 6) ii. xiv. 371 Tied up into Reams or Bundles for Sale. Note. That 18 of the good Quires, and 2 of the broken go to each Ream.
1770 Rhode Island Col. Session Laws 63 Whereas Messrs. Samuel and William Vernon exhibited unto this Assembly an Account, by them charged against the Colony, for a Ream of Paper to print the Acts and Orders of the General Assembly upon.
1832 C. Babbage Econ. Machinery & Manuf. ix. 46 Two hundred reams of paper were printed off.
1879 Printing Trades Jrnl. xxvi. 15 A hundred reams were actually made in Scotland and delivered in London in three days.
1906 R. W. Sindall Paper Technol. ix. 100 The bulk of a paper may be expressed in terms of the thickness of a single sheet or the thickness of a ream.
1988 H. Mantel Eight Months on Ghazzah St. 218 We've run out of photocopying paper. I'll have to go out tonight and buy a ream.
β. 1494 in Acts Lords of Council Civil Causes (1839) I. 320/2 Ane rym of paper.1568 in J. Raine Wills & Inventories N. Counties Eng. (1835) I. 293 Half a rim of paper..Half a rim of dim paper.1644–5 in J. Stuart Misc. Spalding Club (1852) V. 164 Tuo rim of paper for Montroiss use.1686 Laws & Acts 1st Parl. James VII. of Scotl. xxiv. 20 Paper for Printing and Writing of all sorts, every six Rims twelve shillings scots.1691 in A. W. C. Hallen Acct. Bk. Sir J. Foulis (1894) 141 Rims.1759 D. Wynkoop Let. 24 May in Beekman Mercantile Papers (1956) II. 662 Rim Paper 20/.
b. A large quantity of paper, without reference to the precise number of sheets. Usually in plural.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > printing > paper > [noun] > large quantity of
ream1565
society > communication > writing > writing materials > material to write on > paper > [noun] > large quantity of
ream1565
1565 B. Googe tr. ‘M. Palingenius’ Zodiake of Life (new ed.) xi. sig. RR6v It is not good To credit all he sayes,..Though many Reames of Paper he Hath scribled with his pen.
1597 Bp. J. Hall Virgidemiarum: 1st 3 Bks. ii. ii. 30 When ye haue spent A thousand Lamps: and thousand Reames haue rent Of needlesse papers.
1624 G. Wither Schollers Purgatory sig. B7 How many hundred reames of foolish prophane and sensles Ballads do they quarterly disperse abroade?
1647 J. Hall Poems i. 1 Paper-tyrants reign, who presse Whole harmlesse reams to death.
1699 S. Garth Dispensary iv. 46 Hither, rescu'd from the Grocers, come M——[Moor's] Works entire, and endless Rheams of Bloom.
1724 Love upon Tick 20 Often during this Chicane, he did write whole Reams full of Professions of eternal Love and Constancy, and show 'em to his Confidante.
1748 ‘P. Pelagius’ 'Piscopade 21 S. Candelarion Avaros—who wrote many Reams!
1781 W. Cowper Progress of Error 311 Whose corresponding misses fill the ream With sentimental frippery and dream.
1819 W. Scott Drama in Encycl. Brit.: Suppl. 4th–6th Eds. III. ii. 660/1 More fire than warms whole reams of modern plays.
a1839 W. M. Praed Poems (1865) II. 14 Shield thee with a ream of rhyme.
1919 ‘Etienne’ Strange Tales from Fleet 64 The stupendous and well-filled ‘spring-back’, replete with bills, a few receipts, and reams of official correspondence.
1946 ‘J. Tey’ Miss Pym Disposes i. 3 She sat down there and then and wrote reams of refutal.
1989 C. Harkness Time of Grace xxv. 406 P C Higgins, quite an amiable fellow who took reams of notes.
c. With punning allusion to 1a: = realm n. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > existence > materiality > immateriality > [noun] > immaterial or incorporeal thing > realm or kingdom
realmc1300
ream1589
kingdom1600
territory1640
terrain1860
1589 J. Lyly Pappe with Hatchet D ij Let them but chafe my penne, and it shal sweat out a whole realme of paper, or make them odious to the whole Realme.
c1592 C. Marlowe Jew of Malta iv. iv Giue Me a Reame of paper, We'll haue a kingdome of gold for't.
1611 J. Davies Scourge of Folly 231 Yet Aiax (I confesse) was too supreme For Subiect of my-his wit royalld Reame.
1630 J. Taylor Wks. 71 A Reame of Paper therefore keepes great port, And were a Realme, wer't not an (l) too short.
1691 J. Dunton Voy. round World II. vii. 79 If any by winceing shall prove himself guilty, I resolve to run Kingdoms or Reams of Paper out of breath in the Satyrizing such a Fop.
2. In plural. Large quantities (of something, originally such as might be committed to paper).
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > [noun] > (a) great quantity or amount
felec825
muchc1230
good wone1297
plentyc1300
bushelc1374
sight1390
mickle-whata1393
forcea1400
manynessa1400
multitudea1400
packc1400
a good dealc1430
greata1450
sackful1484
power1489
horseloadc1500
mile1508
lump1523
a deal?1532
peckc1535
heapa1547
mass1566
mass1569
gallon1575
armful1579
cart-load1587
mickle1599
bushelful1600–12
a load1609
wreck1612
parisha1616
herd1618
fair share1650
heapa1661
muchness1674
reams1681
hantle1693
mort1694
doll?1719
lift1755
acre1759
beaucoup1760
ton1770
boxload1795
boatload1807
lot1811
dollop1819
swag1819
faggald1824
screed1826
Niagara1828
wad1828
lashings1829
butt1831
slew1839
ocean1840
any amount (of)1848
rake1851
slather1857
horde1860
torrent1864
sheaf1865
oodlesa1867
dead load1869
scad1869
stack1870
jorum1872
a heap sight1874
firlot1883
oodlings1886
chunka1889
whips1888
God's quantity1895
streetful1901
bag1917
fid1920
fleetful1923
mob1927
bucketload1930
pisspot1944
shitload1954
megaton1957
mob-o-ton1975
gazillion1978
buttload1988
shit ton1991
1681 J. Oldham Satyrs upon Jesuits 67 Tell of whole Reams of Pardon new come o're.
1703 E. Ward London-Spy Compleat xviii. 424 None has so well bestow'd such Reams of Sence, As the Great Dryden hath.
1736 S. Wesley Poems 257 Shall Madmen's Blasphemies my Gold command, Or Hurlothrumbo wrest it from my Hand?..Or Reams of Chit-Chat 'gainst the Stuart's Race?
1883 Littell's Living Age 10 Feb. 377/1 Thus, Cavour's remarkable prophecy..will do more to keep Italy united..than reams of arguments from men less memorable and less potent.
1913 D. H. Lawrence Love Poems 54 Eh, what a shame it seems As some should ha'e hardly a smite o' trouble An' others has reams.
1927 J. S. Huxley Relig. without Revelation iv. 113 This simple personal fact illustrates, better than could whole reams of argument, the extreme complexity of religion.
1976 San Francisco Examiner 30 May (This World Suppl.) 19/1 Spacecraft sent there in recent years have dispelled legends and added reams of sound, ordered data, yet the charisma of Mars remains.
2006 Guardian 7 Sept. (Technology section) 2/4 Yet it has something that keeps you playing. It could be the satisfying thud as you plough through reams of assailants, or maybe just the pull of gamerpoints.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

reamadj.

Brit. /riːm/, U.S. /rim/
Origin: Of uncertain origin.
Etymology: Origin uncertain.This word has been explained as a variant of rum adj.1, although the vowel sound would be difficult to account for. It has alternatively been suggested that it may represent figurative use of ream n.2 (compare e.g. cream n.2 3). However, neither suggestion would account particularly well for the original sense ‘genuine’, which might suggest a connection with real adj.2
slang rare.
Originally: genuine. Now: excellent; of good quality.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > foundation in fact, validity > [adjective] > authentic > in origin or authorship
authentical1553
authentic1645
genuine1654
ream1851
fair dinkum1906
legit1907
square dinkum1914
1851 H. Mayhew London Labour I. 313/1 Not one ‘swell’ in a score would view it in any other light than a ‘ream’ (genuine) concern.
1851 H. Mayhew London Labour I. 313/2 Petition..with ream monekurs (genuine signatures).
1975 M. Crichton Great Train Robbery i. iii. 9 Spring Heel Jack held his cards close..I knew that for a ream fact.
1990 You 4 Nov. 51 [Pitch patter] Ream gear, quality goods.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

reamv.1

Brit. /riːm/, U.S. /rim/
Forms: early Middle English ræme, early Middle English ræmie, early Middle English remi, Middle English–1500s reme, 1500s reame, 1500s–1600s ream; English regional 1600s 1800s– rame, 1700s– ream, 1800s raim, 1800s reom (northern), 1800s rheme (south-western), 1800s– rayme, 1800s– reamm, 1800s– reem, 1800s– rheem (south-western), 1900s– reame.
Origin: Of uncertain origin.
Etymology: Origin uncertain; perhaps the reflex of Old English *rǣman (unattested as a simplex; however, compare arǣman to raise), of uncertain origin. Perhaps compare also ream v.4The regional distribution of this word (chiefly south-western, with northern examples at 2b) is difficult to explain.
Now English regional (chiefly south-western).
1.
a. transitive. To stretch; to draw out.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > extension in space > expansion or enlargement > expand or enlarge [verb (transitive)] > distend > stretch
reamc1275
stretch1398
rack1565
reach1648
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 8360 Ich and mine cnihtes scullen forð-rihtes in ure bare brechen gan ut of burȝen, ræmen [c1300 Otho honge] a mine swore ænne rake-teȝe, & cumen to þan kinge.
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 93 Wombeache comeþ..of wynd þat strecchiþ & remeþ [L. ex ventositate extendente].
1598 Herrings Tayle D i b His pearching hornes are ream'd a yard beyond assise.
1880 M. A. Courtney W. Cornwall Words in M. A. Courtney & T. Q. Couch Gloss. Words Cornwall 46/2 Don't ream it out of shape.
1993 K. C. Phillipps Gloss. Cornish Dial. 48 I do like to see 'em ream theirselves.
b. transitive. To pull apart or to pieces; to tear open. Chiefly figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > tearing or tearing apart > tear [verb (transitive)] > tear apart
to-loukc890
to-braidc893
to-tearc893
to-teec893
to-rendc950
to-breakc1200
to-tugc1220
to-lima1225
rivea1250
to-drawa1250
to-tosea1250
drawa1300
rendc1300
to-rit13..
to-rivec1300
to-tusec1300
rakea1325
renta1325
to-pullc1330
to-tightc1330
tirec1374
halea1398
lacerate?a1425
to-renta1425
yryve1426
raga1450
to pull to (or in) piecesc1450
ravec1450
discerp1483
pluck1526
rip1530
decerp1531
rift1534
dilaniate1535
rochec1540
rack1549
teasea1550
berend1577
distract1585
ream1587
distrain1590
unrive1592
unseam1592
outrive1598
divulse1602
dilacerate1604
harrow1604
tatter1608
mammocka1616
uprentc1620
divell1628
divellicate1638
seam-rend1647
proscind1659
skail1768
screeda1785
spret1832
to tear to shreds1837
ribbon1897
1587 J. Higgins Mirour for Magistrates (new ed.) Irenglas xxv Which seeme..to reme my hart, Before I come to open all my smart.
1746 Exmoor Scolding (ed. 3) i. 3 Chell ream my Heart to tha avore is let tha lipped.
1898 T. C. Peter MS. Coll. Cornish Words She reamed her boots from toe to heel, climbing rocks.
2.
a. intransitive. To stretch oneself after sleep or on rising; †to yawn (obsolete).
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > posture > action or fact of stretching body > stretch oneself or be stretched [verb (intransitive)] > after sleep
raxOE
reamc1275
the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > sleep > drowsiness > be or become drowsy [verb (intransitive)] > yawn
raxOE
gapec1440
yawn1450
raxle?c1475
ream?a1500
gant1513
oscitate1623
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) 12972 He gon ræmien [c1300 remi] and raxlede swiðe.
c1400 (?a1387) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Huntington HM 137) (1873) C. viii. 7 Sleuthe..Rascled and remed [c1400 B text rored] and routte at þe laste.
?a1500 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 563/9 Alo, to reme.
1510 J. Stanbridge Vocabula Magistri sig. Aiiii To stretche or to reame.
1591 R. Percyvall Bibliotheca Hispanica Dict. at Enaspar el cuerpo To reame, to reach, pandiculare, exporrigere se.
1787 F. Grose Provinc. Gloss. Ream, to ream, to stretch.
1888 F. T. Elworthy W. Somerset Word-bk. Ream,..5. To stretch oneself on awaking, or on getting up.
b. intransitive. To stretch; to reach after.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > extension in space > extend in space [verb (intransitive)] > reach (to) > reach after, out, or up
ream1689
outreach1801
1689 G. Hickes Dict. Islandicum 111/2 in Inst. Grammaticæ Anglo-Saxonicæ To ream, manum ad aliquid capiendum exporrigo [1691 Ray: to stretch out the hand to take anything; to reach after].
1781 J. Hutton Tour to Caves (ed. 2) Gloss. 94/2 Ream, to reach with stretched out body and arms.
1877 F. Ross Gloss. Words Holderness Rame,..These berry-three branches is ramin all ower walk ommost.
c. intransitive. Of bread: to become ropy.
ΚΠ
1879 Exmoor Scolding Gloss., in Specimens Eng. Dial. Bread is said to ream, when..if a Piece of it be broken into two Parts, the one draws out from the other a kind of String..stretching from one Piece to the other.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

reamv.2

Forms: early Middle English ræm, early Middle English ream, early Middle English rem.
Origin: Of unknown origin.
Etymology: Origin unknown.Found only in Laȝamon, usually in collocation with or as a textual variant of ræsen rese v.2
Obsolete.
intransitive. To charge in battle; to rush.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > attack > charge > [verb (intransitive)]
to-resea1225
reamc1275
shovec1400
frontc1540
chargea1616
storm1632
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) 313 Ofte heo ræsden & ræmden to-gadere.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) 4658 Heo ræsden [c1300 remde] to Romleoden & heo remden to flonne.
c1300 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Otho) 13383 Bruttus to ȝam reamde [c1275 to-ræsden] and flowen Rom-leode.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

reamv.3

Brit. /riːm/, U.S. /rim/, Scottish English /rim/, Irish English /riːm/
Forms: see ream n.2
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: ream n.2
Etymology: < ream n.2 With sense 2 compare earlier reaming dish n.
ChieflyScottish and Irish English (northern).
1. intransitive. To froth or foam; (of a vessel) to be full of a frothy liquid. Also with over: to overflow. Also in extended uses.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > gas > gas or air in liquid or effervescence > effervesce [verb (intransitive)] > foam or froth
foamc950
spumec1400
creamc1440
ream1440
fry1590
mantle1595
froth1603
sud1603
freathe1786
sponge1790
yeast1880
Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 429 Remyn, as ale or other lycoure, spumat.
1710 T. Ruddiman in G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneis (new ed.) Gloss. at Remand We say that ale reams, when it has a white foam above it.
a1774 R. Fergusson Poems (1785) 161 Wi' butter'd bannocks now the girdle reeks: I' the far nook the bowie briskly reams.
1788 E. Picken Poems & Epist. 79 Help me to sing the choicest sap, That ever ream'd in glass or cap.
1790 R. Burns Tam o' Shanter 109 in Poems & Songs (1968) II. 560 The swats sae ream'd in Tammie's noddle.
1814 W. Scott Waverley I. xi. 148 A huge pewter measuring-pot..which in the language of the hostess, reamed..with excellent claret. View more context for this quotation
1863 T. Taylor Pictures in Words xxiii Where the white waters chafe and ream.
1890 A. J. Armstrong Ingleside Musings 218 His heid reemed wi' thochts o' his dawtie.
1917 C. Murray Sough o' War 31 Aul' times come reamin' throu' my heid.
1933 Scotsman 22 Dec. Washed down with a draught of Yule-ale from the bowie that reamed briskly in a corner of the kitchen.
1996 C. I. Macafee Conc. Ulster Dict. Ream Ower, overflow.
2. transitive. To take the cream off (milk); to skim. Also intransitive: (of milk) to be skimmed.
ΚΠ
1768 A. Ross Fortunate Shepherdess 71 Syn ream'd her milk, an' set it o' the fire.
1768 A. Ross Fortunate Shepherdess ii. 71 On skelfs..the cogs were set, Ready to ream, an' for the cheese be het.
1899 J. Colville Sc. Vernacular 15 (E.D.D.) When the milk was drawn in the cog it was..reamed for the churn.
1923 G. Watson Roxburghshire Word-bk. Ream..to cream milk.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

reamv.4

Brit. /riːm/, U.S. /rim/
Origin: Of uncertain origin. Perhaps a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: rime v.2
Etymology: Origin uncertain: perhaps originally a spec. sense of rime v.2 (see forms at that entry). Compare ream v.1 Earlier currency is apparently implied by reaming n.
I. Technical uses.
1. transitive. To enlarge or widen (a hole) with an instrument.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > working with tools or equipment > work with tools or equipment [verb (transitive)] > tool for enlarging holes
ream1825
rime1831
rimer1847
mandrel1890
reamer1912
1825 J. Jennings Observ. Dial. W. Eng. 63 Ream, to widen; to open.
1881 Metal World No. 1. 3 Bore the tang-hole with a gimlet, and slightly ream the hole with a taper reamer.
1920 Engin. & Mining Jrnl. 7 Feb. 405/2 When used as a reamer only, an ordinary fish-tail bit, of the same diameter as the hole to be reamed, should be employed in advance of the reamer to act as a pilot.
1991 Woodturning Winter 46/3 The bored hole can be reamed using the tang of the tool.
2. transitive. To enlarge the bore of (a gun) with a special tool. Also with out.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > production and development of arms > produce or develop arms [verb (transitive)] > processes in gun-making
stock1539
ranforce1547
newel1611
rifle1619
fortify1627
screw1635
chamber1708
reborea1792
flint1803
restocking1805
vent1828
percussionize1832
ream1841
percussion1844
restock1844
retube1846
revent1864
reline1875
sleeve1976
1841 Ordnance Man. for Use of Officers (U.S. Army Ordnance Dept.) i. 13 After the bore has been reamed out to the proper size, its dimensions are again verified.
1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. 563 Ream, or reem out, to, to enlarge the bore of a cannon with a special tool, so that it may take a larger projectile.
1876 G. E. Voyle & G. de Saint-Clair-Stevenson Mil. Dict. (ed. 3) 330/1 The practice of reaming out guns, or boring them out, first took place in the British service in 1830.
1881 J. Davis Rise & Fall Confed. Govt. I. 474 Iron guns which were reamed out to get a good bore.
1980 F. Smyth Cause of Death iv. 79 Examining the cutting tools which reamed out the grooves in gun barrels, he found that each one left its individual mark; it had to be sharpened regularly, and as its edge wore away the tiny ‘teeth’ which made up the edge altered minutely.
1990 Guns & Ammo Sept. 80/2 Steel tubes are reamed and then button-rifled to make the barrels.
3. transitive. Chiefly with out. To clear out an obstruction or excess material from (something); to excavate; to remove (a defect) by boring.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > formation of features > erosion or weathering > erode [verb (transitive)] > cut channels or holes
gull1577
rout1726
wash1766
scour1773
gully1775
erode1830
gorge1849
ravine1858
ream1859
channel1862
canyon1878
to plough out1886
cañon1889
incise1893
runnel1920
the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > clearing of refuse matter > clear of refuse [verb (transitive)]
winnowa900
rinse?a1400
rid1421
redd1446
rede1450
card1612
unrubbish1645
flux1651
ripe1720
ream1967
1859 J. Taft Pract. Treat. Operative Dentistry vii. 205 The cavity..having been thus reamed out, a slight undercutting should be made all round with an excavator.
1886 J. M. Caulfeild Seamanship Notes 7 Reaming a shackle is clearing the undercut portion of the lug of a shackle from any..lead which might remain after pin and pellet are knocked out.
1908 H. A. Foster Electr. Engineer's Pocket-bk. (ed. 5) 776 The holes are rusty and will need to be reamed out until clear and bright.
1967 ‘T. Wells’ Dead by Light of Moon x. 99 The toilet..flowed over and Mr. Hawthorne had to come up and ream out the pipes.
1980 Nature 19 June 532/3 As this plinian eruption column formed, it reamed out the volcanic conduit, forming a central crater more than 1·5 km in diameter.
4. transitive. North American. Cookery. To extract (juice) from a citrus fruit with a reamer (reamer n. 3); to extract juice from (a citrus fruit) in this way.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation for table or cooking > preparing fruit and vegetables > prepare fruit and vegetables [verb (transitive)] > extract juice
ream1931
juice1950
1931 Oakland (Calif.) Tribune 16 Dec. (advt.) An electrical servant to mix batters, beat eggs, ream juice from oranges.
1933 Fruit Products Jrnl. July 325/1 Juice was prepared by reaming the cut halves of the fruit on a fast revolving burr.
1993 Gazette (Montreal) (Nexis) 17 Nov. c4 Reaming lemons, rolling pastry,..and making tomato puree all change the form and textures of common foods by using different kitchen utensils.
2006 Belleville (Illinois) News-Democrat (Nexis) 15 Mar. c9 Cut orange in half and ream enough juice to make 1/4 cup.
II. figurative.
5. U.S. slang.
a. transitive. To cheat, to swindle. Cf. rim v.4 1. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > defrauding or swindling > perpetrate (a swindle) [verb (transitive)] > defraud or swindle
defraud1362
deceivec1380
plucka1500
lurch1530
defeata1538
souse1545
lick1548
wipe1549
fraud1563
use1564
cozen1573
nick1576
verse1591
rooka1595
trim1600
skelder1602
firk1604
dry-shave1620
fiddle1630
nose1637
foista1640
doa1642
sharka1650
chouse1654
burn1655
bilk1672
under-enter1692
sharp1699
stick1699
finger1709
roguea1714
fling1749
swindle1773
jink1777
queer1778
to do over1781
jump1789
mace1790
chisel1808
slang1812
bucket1819
to clean out1819
give it1819
to put in the hole1819
ramp1819
sting1819
victimize1839
financier1840
gum1840
snakea1861
to take down1865
verneuk1871
bunco1875
rush1875
gyp1879
salt1882
daddle1883
work1884
to have (one) on toast1886
slip1890
to do (a person) in the eye1891
sugar1892
flay1893
to give (someone) the rinky-dink1895
con1896
pad1897
screw1900
short-change1903
to do in1906
window dress1913
ream1914
twist1914
clean1915
rim1918
tweedle1925
hype1926
clip1927
take1927
gazump1928
yentz1930
promote1931
to take (someone) to the cleaners1932
to carve up1933
chizz1948
stiff1950
scam1963
to rip off1969
to stitch up1970
skunk1971
to steal (someone) blind1974
diddle-
1914 ‘High Jinks, Jr.’ Choice Slang 17 Ream one (to), to swindle one.
1938 A. J. Liebling Back where I came From 84 He had invented a new technique for reaming the customers.
1953 S. Kauffmann Philanderer xiii. 216 Yeah, I smell the rat. Joe Bass's new relatives. Well, palsy, they're liable to ream you yet.
b. transitive. To vanquish, to beat. Also: to victimize, to punish severely.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > victory > make victorious [verb (transitive)] > conquer or overcome
overcomeeOE
shendc893
awinc1000
overwinOE
overheaveOE
to lay downa1225
mate?c1225
discomfitc1230
win1297
dauntc1300
cumber1303
scomfit1303
fenkc1320
to bear downc1330
confoundc1330
confusec1330
to do, put arrear1330
oversetc1330
vanquishc1330
conquerc1374
overthrowc1375
oppressc1380
outfighta1382
to put downa1382
discomfortc1384
threshc1384
vencuea1400
depressc1400
venque?1402
ding?a1425
cumrayc1425
to put to (also at, unto) the (also one's) worsec1425
to bring or put to (or unto) utterance1430
distrussc1430
supprisec1440
ascomfita1450
to do stress?c1450
victorya1470
to make (win) a conquest1477
convanquish1483
conquest1485
defeat1485
oversailc1485
conques1488
discomfish1488
fulyie1488
distress1489
overpress1489
cravent1490
utter?1533
to give (a person) the overthrow1536
debel1542
convince1548
foil1548
out-war1548
profligate1548
proflige?c1550
expugnate1568
expugn1570
victor1576
dismay1596
damnify1598
triumph1605
convict1607
overman1609
thrash1609
beat1611
debellate1611
import1624
to cut to (or in) pieces1632
maitrise1636
worst1636
forcea1641
outfight1650
outgeneral1767
to cut up1803
smash1813
slosh1890
ream1918
hammer1948
1918 Stars & Stripes 3 May 5 We was playin' pay-day poker over in our dump last night and I got reamed.
1928 M. Bodenheim Georgie May 106 Men had to lay down the law and ream each other.
1988 J. Ellroy Big Nowhere vi. 70 We're getting reamed at the box office.
2005 F. Prose Changed Man 104 My dad got reamed by the IRS for some bookkeeping screwup when he tried to start that pathetic electric business.
6. transitive. U.S. slang. To penetrate in an act of anal intercourse; (also occasionally) to penetrate anally with the tongue (cf. rim v.4 3).
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sexual relations > sexual activity > anal sex > [verb (transitive)]
bugger1560
sodomize1602
sod1868
bum-fuck1899
cornhole1920
ass-fuck1941
ream1942
rass1952
bum1970
butt-fuck1970
1942 L. V. Berrey & M. Van den Bark Amer. Thes. Slang §508/7 Commit sodomy,..ream.
1965 C. Bukowski Let. 23 July in Screams from Balcony (1998) 190 I feel as if I were being reamed in a pig pen.
1971 E. E. Landy Underground Dict. Ream, orally copulate the anus.
1997 P. Carey Jack Maggs (1998) xlvi. 167 For two weeks in 1836, Edward Constable had been drunk with Henry Phipps, dreamed of Henry Phipps, had been reamed, rogered, ploughed by Henry Phipps so he could barely walk straight to the table.
7. transitive. U.S. colloquial. To reprimand severely. Frequently with out.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > rebuke or reproof > rebuke or reprove [verb (transitive)]
threac897
threapc897
begripea1000
threata1000
castea1200
chaste?c1225
takec1275
blame1297
chastya1300
sniba1300
withnima1315
undernima1325
rebukec1330
snuba1340
withtakea1340
reprovec1350
chastisea1375
arate1377
challenge1377
undertake1377
reprehenda1382
repreync1390
runta1398
snapea1400
underfoc1400
to call to account1434
to put downc1440
snebc1440
uptakec1440
correptc1449
reformc1450
reprise?c1450
to tell (a person) his (also her, etc.) own1450
control1451
redarguec1475
berisp1481
to hit (cross) one over (of, on) the thumbs1522
checkc1530
admonish1541
nip1548
twig?1550
impreve1552
lesson1555
to take down1562
to haul (a person) over the coals1565
increpate1570
touch1570
school1573
to gather up1577
task1580
redarguate?1590
expostulate1592
tutor1599
sauce1601
snip1601
sneap1611
to take in tax1635
to sharp up1647
round1653
threapen1671
reprimand1681
to take to task1682
document1690
chapter1693
repulse1746
twink1747
to speak to ——1753
haul1795
to pull up1799
carpet1840
rig1841
to talk to1860
to take (a person) to the woodshed1882
rawhide1895
to tell off1897
to tell (someone) where he or she gets off1900
to get on ——1904
to put (a person) in (also into) his, her place1908
strafe1915
tick1915
woodshed1935
to slap (a person) down1938
sort1941
bind1942
bottle1946
mat1948
ream1950
zap1961
elder1967
1946 Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. 51 421/2 The expressions ‘to have one's ass chewed’ or ‘to have one's ass reamed’, referring to reprimands by superiors.]
1950 E. Hemingway Across River & into Trees xii. 117 You ream out people you respect, to make them do what is fairly impossible, but is ordered.
2004 D. Klinger Into Kill Zone v. 229 The local newspapers had reamed me, saying that I'd shot too soon.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
<
n.1eOEn.2eOEn.31482adj.1851v.1c1275v.2c1275v.31440v.41825
随便看

 

英语词典包含1132095条英英释义在线翻译词条,基本涵盖了全部常用单词的英英翻译及用法,是英语学习的有利工具。

 

Copyright © 2004-2022 Newdu.com All Rights Reserved
更新时间:2025/3/1 1:21:37