单词 | ream |
释义 | † reamn.1 Obsolete. 1. Clamour, shouting; (as a count noun) a shout, an outcry. Also: the cry of an animal. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > lamentation or expression of grief > cry of grief > [noun] reameOE ropeOE greeta1325 yammer?a1513 plangor1567 ululation1599 howla1616 vagit1630 knell1647 pillaloo1785 whillaloo1790 ullagone1819 ululu1834 wail1863 the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > lamentation or expression of grief > cry of grief > [noun] > wailing reameOE woningc950 reminga1200 wailinga1400 bewailing1485 howling1490 yammer?a1513 wailc1540 wailment1593 bewailment1607 ejulationa1620 alleleu1689 yammering1705 ululation?1799 waly-walying1821 eOE King Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care (Hatton) (1871) lv. 427 Be ðæm is eft awriten on Genesis ðætte swiðe wære gemanigfalðod Sodomwara hream [L. clamor] & Gomorwara. OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 2nd Ser. (Cambr. Gg.3.28) xx. 192 Ðam halgan were wæs geðuht þæt þæs gefeohtes hream..mihte beon gehyred geond ealle eorðan. OE Byrhtferð Enchiridion (Ashm.) (1995) ii. i. 62 ‘On middre nihte wæs mycel hream geworden: nu cymð se brydguma’, þæt ys Crist to dome. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) 5627 Scottes huuen up muchelne ræm. a1300 (c1275) Physiologus (1991) 11 Ðanne reiseð his fader him mit te rem ðat he makeð. a1450 Body & Soul (Digby 102) (1889) 101 (MED) He was cast doun as a tode, And hellehoundes to him lette..Wiþ reuly reymes þay him grette. 2. Wailing, lamentation; (as a count noun) a cry of grief. Also: great sorrow, distress, or trouble. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > cry or shout (loudness) > [noun] > outcry or clamour reamOE ropeOE brack?c1200 utas1202 hootinga1225 berec1225 noise?c1225 ludea1275 cryc1275 gredingc1275 boastc1300 utasa1325 huec1330 outcrya1382 exclamation1382 ascry1393 spraya1400 clamourc1405 shoutingc1405 scry1419 rumourc1425 motion?a1439 bemec1440 harrowc1440 shout1487 songa1500 brunt1523 ditec1540 uproar1544 clamouring1548 outrage1548 hubbub1555 racket1565 succlamation1566 rear1567 outcrying1569 bellowing1579 brawl1581 hue and cry1584 exclaiming1585 exclaim1587 sanctus1594 hubbaboo1596 oyez1597 conclamation1627 sputter1673 rout1684 dirduma1693 hallalloo1737 yelloching1773 pillaloo1785 whillaloo1790 vocitation1819 blue murder1828 blaring1837 shilloo1842 shillooing1845 pillalooing1847 shriek1929 yammering1937 OE Cynewulf Crist II 594 Nu monna gehwylc cwic þendan her wunat [read wunað], geceosan mot..swa þrymmes þræce swa þystra wræce, swa mid dryhten dream swa mid deoflum hream. OE Beowulf (2008) 1302 Hream wearð in Heorote,..cearu wæs geniwod. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 8137 Teȝȝre wop & teȝȝre ræm Comm fullwel till hiss ære. c1225 (?c1200) St. Katherine (Bodl.) (1981) 840 To arise from ream to a leastinde lahtre. a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 1962 Ruben..Wende him slagen, set up an rem. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online December 2021). reamn.2 1. a. = cream n.2 1. In Middle English occasionally preceded by the genitive of milk. Now English regional and Scottish. ream-piggy n. a jug for holding cream. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > dairy produce > [noun] > cream reameOE cream1332 raw creama1450 head1684 top of the milk1942 dairy cream1962 eOE Leechbk. (Royal) (1865) iii. x. 314 Genim god beren mela & hwit sealt, do on ream oþþe gode flete. a1275 St. Margaret (Trin. Cambr.) l. 128 in A. S. M. Clark Seint Maregrete & Body & Soul (Ph.D. diss., Univ. of Michigan) (1972) 40 Me þenchet þes pine swete so eni milc rem [c1330 Auch. milkes rem]. c1330 (?a1300) Arthour & Merlin (Auch.) (1973) 1455 (MED) Þat on is white so milkes rem, Þat oþer is red, so feris lem. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 319 Mylk is vsed..to clensynge and to abate hete, for þe whey is departed fro þe reme [v.r. creme; L. butyrositate]. a1425 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 661 Coactum, reme. ?c1475 Catholicon Anglicum (BL Add. 15562) f. 103 Reme, quaccum [read quactum]. c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) vi. 34 Fresche buttir ande salt buttir, reyme, flot quhaye. 1597 in J. Stuart Misc. Spalding Club (1841) I. 188 The mark was reid..and he cryit ay to straik it with reme for the birning. 1665 in J. Hunter Diocese & Presbytery Dunkeld (1918) II. 62 Boyl..till it be as thick as reame. 1690 in A. W. C. Hallen Acct. Bk. J. Foulis (1894) 117 Quhen he brings back the bottles went with ream. 1728 A. Ramsay Betty & Kate ii Can dale dainties please Thee mair than moorland ream? 1768 A. Ross Fortunate Shepherdess 52 Stoupfu's of crouds an' ream, she aft wad steal. 1788 A. Shirrefs Poems (1790) 141 I laid upon the board Some cruds and ream. 1791 Antient & Mod. Scots Poems II. 67 Sweet milk an' ream as much as you please. 1822 J. Galt Sir Andrew Wylie III. xix. 150 A bonny wee china pourie, full o' thick ream. 1853 Hogg's Instructor 1 200/2 A jug..of ‘ream’ (cream). 1880 T. Q. Couch E. Cornwall Words in M. A. Courtney & T. Q. Couch Gloss. Words Cornwall 98 Cold cream is called ‘raw ream’. 1928 Scots Mag. May 144 Aince back, he sookit up the feast afore him like a cat amang ream. 1955 Press & Jrnl. (Aberdeen) 5 Mar. Then there was a large ‘(c)ream piggie’, which she now uses as a bread bin. 1956 People's Jrnl. 20 Oct. 3 There wis naethin' like stibble grazin' for gweed rich ream tae mak' intae saut butter. 1993 K. C. Phillipps Gloss. Cornish Dial. 48 There's lots of ream in the milk. ΚΠ 1721 J. Kelly Compl. Coll. Scotish Prov. 136 He streaks Ream in my Teeth... Spoken when we think one only flattering us. 1722 A. Ramsay Tale Three Bonnets iv. 27 Rosie..Rubs o'er his Cheeks and Gab wi' Reem, Till he believes't to be a Dream. 1818 J. Hogg Brownie of Bodsbeck I. 288 Gie lashin' meals o' the milk o' praise, the ream o' thankfu'ness. ΘΚΠ society > faith > artefacts > consumables > oil > [noun] chrisma1000 holy oilc1300 oilc1300 cream1303 reamc1390 chrisom?a1400 balm1447 Christendom?c1510 enoiling1555 society > communication > writing > writing materials > material to write on > paper > [noun] > large quantity of > specific quantity of milleOE reamc1390 quire1393 ternion1609 quaternion1625 quinternion1652 quinion1872 sextern1885 c1390 in F. J. Furnivall Minor Poems Vernon MS (1901) ii. 624 (MED) Cristened we weore In Red rem Whon his bodi bledde on þe Beem. 3. A layer of scum or froth on the surface of a liquid. Now English regional (northern), Irish English (northern), and Scottish. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > pollution or defilement > [noun] > specific impurities > scum flotessec1440 scumc1440 scumming1530 scouring1591 ream1594 1594 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. II. 346 This liquor is called by the Physicions Chylus, which..resembleth the reme of a ptisame. 1786 R. Burns Twa Dogs xx, in Poems 16 The nappy reeks wi' mantling ream. 1839 D. M. Moir Life Mansie Wauch (rev. ed.) xxiv. 306 The porter..was in prime condition, with a ream as yellow as a marigold. 1928 A. D. Mackie Poems 26 Ream sooms on the tap o' the yill in a place I ken. 1996 C. I. Macafee Conc. Ulster Dict. 272/2 Ream, foram, froth, bubble. 2002 B. Griffiths North East Dial.: Surv. & Word-list (ed. 2) Ream,..‘foam, cream’. 4. Glass-making. A thin inhomogeneous layer in glass, typically parallel to the external surface of a sheet of plate glass; inhomogeneity of this type. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > glass and glass-like materials > [noun] > glass > non-homogeneous layer ream1893 1893 Tariff Hearings U.S. House Comm. Ways & Means 231 Besides the risk of breakage and loss by handling the glass so frequently.., serious loss is sustained by having to cut the large plates down to smaller sizes because of imperfections such as ‘bubbles’, ‘seed’, ‘ream’, ‘streaks’, and plenty of other defects not discernible until the glass is nearly finished. 1921 F. E. Wright Manuf. Optical Glass & Optical Syst. ii. 32 In the case of fine-banded striae, called ‘ream’ by the plate-glass maker,..if the planes of the ream are normal to the line of sight the quality of the image is not appreciably affected. 1971 Materials & Technol. II. vi. 408 In the drawing of sheet the outer layers of glass may have come from the glass originally on the surface..and may be somewhat deficient in alkali compared with the main glass... This results in a type of inhomogeneity known as ‘ream’, in which the inhomogeneity is in a direction at right angles to the plane of the glass. 1972 Surface Sci. 48 37 Ream lines in samples of flat glass contained an excess of silica. 2001 J. I. Thornton in B. Caddy Forensic Exam. Glass & Paint vi. 99 The ream of sheet glass and cord of containers was used by von Bremen to show a commonality of source. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). reamn.3α. late Middle English–1500s reme, late Middle English–1600s reame, 1500s–1600s realme, 1500s– ream, 1600s–1700s rheam; Scottish pre-1700 reim, pre-1700 reme, pre-1700 reym, pre-1700 rhem, 1800s– ream; N.E.D. (1904) also records a form late Middle English reeme. β. late Middle English–1500s rym, 1500s–1600s rim; Scottish pre-1700 rhym, pre-1700 rimb, pre-1700 rimm, pre-1700 rym, pre-1700 ryme, pre-1700 1900s– rim, 1700s rhim. 1. a. A quantity of paper, originally 20 quires or 480 sheets, now 500 sheets. Also: (in full printer's ream) 21½ quires or 516 sheets of printing paper. ΘΚΠ society > communication > printing > paper > [noun] > specific quantity of quatern?1533 ternion1609 quaternion1625 quinternion1652 bundle1724 ream1832 quinion1872 quire1879 sextern1885 α. β. 1494 in Acts Lords of Council Civil Causes (1839) I. 320/2 Ane rym of paper.1568 in J. Raine Wills & Inventories N. Counties Eng. (1835) I. 293 Half a rim of paper..Half a rim of dim paper.1644–5 in J. Stuart Misc. Spalding Club (1852) V. 164 Tuo rim of paper for Montroiss use.1686 Laws & Acts 1st Parl. James VII. of Scotl. xxiv. 20 Paper for Printing and Writing of all sorts, every six Rims twelve shillings scots.1691 in A. W. C. Hallen Acct. Bk. Sir J. Foulis (1894) 141 Rims.1759 D. Wynkoop Let. 24 May in Beekman Mercantile Papers (1956) II. 662 Rim Paper 20/.1482 in J. P. Collier Househ. Bks. John Duke of Norfolk & Thomas Earl of Surrey (1844) 303 ij. lb. almondes, and half a reme paper. 1497 in M. Oppenheim Naval Accts. & Inventories Henry VII (1896) 128 A reame of paper roiall, j reame & vij quires of small paper. 1545 Rates Custome House sig. ciij Paper the bale conteininge x. realme at. xvi.d. the realme. 1549 J. Cheke Let. 30 May in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eminent Lit. Men (1843) (Camden) 8 I prai yow bi me a reme of paper at London. 1630 J. Taylor Great Eater of Kent 9 Offring him, that for a wager he would deuoure 4. reame of his ballads; which in the totall are two thousand. 1653 tr. Math. Recreations (new ed.) lxxxiv. 188 To each book a reame or 20 quire of the largest and thinnest printing paper. 1683 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises II. 353 Two of the twenty Quires in a Ream are called Cording Quires, viz. the two Out-side Quires. 1690 A. Wood Diary 20 Mar. in Life & Times (1894) III. 328 Bought..a reame of writing paper. 1707 tr. J. Monier de Clairecombe New & Universal Pract. Mercantile Arithm. i. xvi. 99 Divide the Product by the 500 Sheets, of which the Ream of Paper is compos'd. 1766 S. Clark Leadbetter's Royal Gauger (ed. 6) ii. xiv. 371 Tied up into Reams or Bundles for Sale. Note. That 18 of the good Quires, and 2 of the broken go to each Ream. 1770 Rhode Island Col. Session Laws 63 Whereas Messrs. Samuel and William Vernon exhibited unto this Assembly an Account, by them charged against the Colony, for a Ream of Paper to print the Acts and Orders of the General Assembly upon. 1832 C. Babbage Econ. Machinery & Manuf. ix. 46 Two hundred reams of paper were printed off. 1879 Printing Trades Jrnl. xxvi. 15 A hundred reams were actually made in Scotland and delivered in London in three days. 1906 R. W. Sindall Paper Technol. ix. 100 The bulk of a paper may be expressed in terms of the thickness of a single sheet or the thickness of a ream. 1988 H. Mantel Eight Months on Ghazzah St. 218 We've run out of photocopying paper. I'll have to go out tonight and buy a ream. b. A large quantity of paper, without reference to the precise number of sheets. Usually in plural. ΘΚΠ society > communication > printing > paper > [noun] > large quantity of ream1565 society > communication > writing > writing materials > material to write on > paper > [noun] > large quantity of ream1565 1565 B. Googe tr. ‘M. Palingenius’ Zodiake of Life (new ed.) xi. sig. RR6v It is not good To credit all he sayes,..Though many Reames of Paper he Hath scribled with his pen. 1597 Bp. J. Hall Virgidemiarum: 1st 3 Bks. ii. ii. 30 When ye haue spent A thousand Lamps: and thousand Reames haue rent Of needlesse papers. 1624 G. Wither Schollers Purgatory sig. B7 How many hundred reames of foolish prophane and sensles Ballads do they quarterly disperse abroade? 1647 J. Hall Poems i. 1 Paper-tyrants reign, who presse Whole harmlesse reams to death. 1699 S. Garth Dispensary iv. 46 Hither, rescu'd from the Grocers, come M——[Moor's] Works entire, and endless Rheams of Bloom. 1724 Love upon Tick 20 Often during this Chicane, he did write whole Reams full of Professions of eternal Love and Constancy, and show 'em to his Confidante. 1748 ‘P. Pelagius’ 'Piscopade 21 S. Candelarion Avaros—who wrote many Reams! 1781 W. Cowper Progress of Error 311 Whose corresponding misses fill the ream With sentimental frippery and dream. 1819 W. Scott Drama in Encycl. Brit.: Suppl. 4th–6th Eds. III. ii. 660/1 More fire than warms whole reams of modern plays. a1839 W. M. Praed Poems (1865) II. 14 Shield thee with a ream of rhyme. 1919 ‘Etienne’ Strange Tales from Fleet 64 The stupendous and well-filled ‘spring-back’, replete with bills, a few receipts, and reams of official correspondence. 1946 ‘J. Tey’ Miss Pym Disposes i. 3 She sat down there and then and wrote reams of refutal. 1989 C. Harkness Time of Grace xxv. 406 P C Higgins, quite an amiable fellow who took reams of notes. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > materiality > immateriality > [noun] > immaterial or incorporeal thing > realm or kingdom realmc1300 ream1589 kingdom1600 territory1640 terrain1860 1589 J. Lyly Pappe with Hatchet D ij Let them but chafe my penne, and it shal sweat out a whole realme of paper, or make them odious to the whole Realme. c1592 C. Marlowe Jew of Malta iv. iv Giue Me a Reame of paper, We'll haue a kingdome of gold for't. 1611 J. Davies Scourge of Folly 231 Yet Aiax (I confesse) was too supreme For Subiect of my-his wit royalld Reame. 1630 J. Taylor Wks. 71 A Reame of Paper therefore keepes great port, And were a Realme, wer't not an (l) too short. 1691 J. Dunton Voy. round World II. vii. 79 If any by winceing shall prove himself guilty, I resolve to run Kingdoms or Reams of Paper out of breath in the Satyrizing such a Fop. 2. In plural. Large quantities (of something, originally such as might be committed to paper). ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > [noun] > (a) great quantity or amount felec825 muchc1230 good wone1297 plentyc1300 bushelc1374 sight1390 mickle-whata1393 forcea1400 manynessa1400 multitudea1400 packc1400 a good dealc1430 greata1450 sackful1484 power1489 horseloadc1500 mile1508 lump1523 a deal?1532 peckc1535 heapa1547 mass1566 mass1569 gallon1575 armful1579 cart-load1587 mickle1599 bushelful1600–12 a load1609 wreck1612 parisha1616 herd1618 fair share1650 heapa1661 muchness1674 reams1681 hantle1693 mort1694 doll?1719 lift1755 acre1759 beaucoup1760 ton1770 boxload1795 boatload1807 lot1811 dollop1819 swag1819 faggald1824 screed1826 Niagara1828 wad1828 lashings1829 butt1831 slew1839 ocean1840 any amount (of)1848 rake1851 slather1857 horde1860 torrent1864 sheaf1865 oodlesa1867 dead load1869 scad1869 stack1870 jorum1872 a heap sight1874 firlot1883 oodlings1886 chunka1889 whips1888 God's quantity1895 streetful1901 bag1917 fid1920 fleetful1923 mob1927 bucketload1930 pisspot1944 shitload1954 megaton1957 mob-o-ton1975 gazillion1978 buttload1988 shit ton1991 1681 J. Oldham Satyrs upon Jesuits 67 Tell of whole Reams of Pardon new come o're. 1703 E. Ward London-Spy Compleat xviii. 424 None has so well bestow'd such Reams of Sence, As the Great Dryden hath. 1736 S. Wesley Poems 257 Shall Madmen's Blasphemies my Gold command, Or Hurlothrumbo wrest it from my Hand?..Or Reams of Chit-Chat 'gainst the Stuart's Race? 1883 Littell's Living Age 10 Feb. 377/1 Thus, Cavour's remarkable prophecy..will do more to keep Italy united..than reams of arguments from men less memorable and less potent. 1913 D. H. Lawrence Love Poems 54 Eh, what a shame it seems As some should ha'e hardly a smite o' trouble An' others has reams. 1927 J. S. Huxley Relig. without Revelation iv. 113 This simple personal fact illustrates, better than could whole reams of argument, the extreme complexity of religion. 1976 San Francisco Examiner 30 May (This World Suppl.) 19/1 Spacecraft sent there in recent years have dispelled legends and added reams of sound, ordered data, yet the charisma of Mars remains. 2006 Guardian 7 Sept. (Technology section) 2/4 Yet it has something that keeps you playing. It could be the satisfying thud as you plough through reams of assailants, or maybe just the pull of gamerpoints. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). reamadj. slang rare. Originally: genuine. Now: excellent; of good quality. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > foundation in fact, validity > [adjective] > authentic > in origin or authorship authentical1553 authentic1645 genuine1654 ream1851 fair dinkum1906 legit1907 square dinkum1914 1851 H. Mayhew London Labour I. 313/1 Not one ‘swell’ in a score would view it in any other light than a ‘ream’ (genuine) concern. 1851 H. Mayhew London Labour I. 313/2 Petition..with ream monekurs (genuine signatures). 1975 M. Crichton Great Train Robbery i. iii. 9 Spring Heel Jack held his cards close..I knew that for a ream fact. 1990 You 4 Nov. 51 [Pitch patter] Ream gear, quality goods. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). reamv.1 Now English regional (chiefly south-western). 1. a. transitive. To stretch; to draw out. ΘΚΠ the world > space > extension in space > expansion or enlargement > expand or enlarge [verb (transitive)] > distend > stretch reamc1275 stretch1398 rack1565 reach1648 c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 8360 Ich and mine cnihtes scullen forð-rihtes in ure bare brechen gan ut of burȝen, ræmen [c1300 Otho honge] a mine swore ænne rake-teȝe, & cumen to þan kinge. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 93 Wombeache comeþ..of wynd þat strecchiþ & remeþ [L. ex ventositate extendente]. 1598 Herrings Tayle D i b His pearching hornes are ream'd a yard beyond assise. 1880 M. A. Courtney W. Cornwall Words in M. A. Courtney & T. Q. Couch Gloss. Words Cornwall 46/2 Don't ream it out of shape. 1993 K. C. Phillipps Gloss. Cornish Dial. 48 I do like to see 'em ream theirselves. b. transitive. To pull apart or to pieces; to tear open. Chiefly figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > tearing or tearing apart > tear [verb (transitive)] > tear apart to-loukc890 to-braidc893 to-tearc893 to-teec893 to-rendc950 to-breakc1200 to-tugc1220 to-lima1225 rivea1250 to-drawa1250 to-tosea1250 drawa1300 rendc1300 to-rit13.. to-rivec1300 to-tusec1300 rakea1325 renta1325 to-pullc1330 to-tightc1330 tirec1374 halea1398 lacerate?a1425 to-renta1425 yryve1426 raga1450 to pull to (or in) piecesc1450 ravec1450 discerp1483 pluck1526 rip1530 decerp1531 rift1534 dilaniate1535 rochec1540 rack1549 teasea1550 berend1577 distract1585 ream1587 distrain1590 unrive1592 unseam1592 outrive1598 divulse1602 dilacerate1604 harrow1604 tatter1608 mammocka1616 uprentc1620 divell1628 divellicate1638 seam-rend1647 proscind1659 skail1768 screeda1785 spret1832 to tear to shreds1837 ribbon1897 1587 J. Higgins Mirour for Magistrates (new ed.) Irenglas xxv Which seeme..to reme my hart, Before I come to open all my smart. 1746 Exmoor Scolding (ed. 3) i. 3 Chell ream my Heart to tha avore is let tha lipped. 1898 T. C. Peter MS. Coll. Cornish Words She reamed her boots from toe to heel, climbing rocks. 2. a. intransitive. To stretch oneself after sleep or on rising; †to yawn (obsolete). ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > posture > action or fact of stretching body > stretch oneself or be stretched [verb (intransitive)] > after sleep raxOE reamc1275 the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > sleep > drowsiness > be or become drowsy [verb (intransitive)] > yawn raxOE gapec1440 yawn1450 raxle?c1475 ream?a1500 gant1513 oscitate1623 c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) 12972 He gon ræmien [c1300 remi] and raxlede swiðe. c1400 (?a1387) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Huntington HM 137) (1873) C. viii. 7 Sleuthe..Rascled and remed [c1400 B text rored] and routte at þe laste. ?a1500 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 563/9 Alo, to reme. 1510 J. Stanbridge Vocabula Magistri sig. Aiiii To stretche or to reame. 1591 R. Percyvall Bibliotheca Hispanica Dict. at Enaspar el cuerpo To reame, to reach, pandiculare, exporrigere se. 1787 F. Grose Provinc. Gloss. Ream, to ream, to stretch. 1888 F. T. Elworthy W. Somerset Word-bk. Ream,..5. To stretch oneself on awaking, or on getting up. b. intransitive. To stretch; to reach after. ΘΚΠ the world > space > extension in space > extend in space [verb (intransitive)] > reach (to) > reach after, out, or up ream1689 outreach1801 1689 G. Hickes Dict. Islandicum 111/2 in Inst. Grammaticæ Anglo-Saxonicæ To ream, manum ad aliquid capiendum exporrigo [1691 Ray: to stretch out the hand to take anything; to reach after]. 1781 J. Hutton Tour to Caves (ed. 2) Gloss. 94/2 Ream, to reach with stretched out body and arms. 1877 F. Ross Gloss. Words Holderness Rame,..These berry-three branches is ramin all ower walk ommost. c. intransitive. Of bread: to become ropy. ΚΠ 1879 Exmoor Scolding Gloss., in Specimens Eng. Dial. Bread is said to ream, when..if a Piece of it be broken into two Parts, the one draws out from the other a kind of String..stretching from one Piece to the other. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † reamv.2 Obsolete. intransitive. To charge in battle; to rush. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > attack > charge > [verb (intransitive)] to-resea1225 reamc1275 shovec1400 frontc1540 chargea1616 storm1632 c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) 313 Ofte heo ræsden & ræmden to-gadere. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) 4658 Heo ræsden [c1300 remde] to Romleoden & heo remden to flonne. c1300 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Otho) 13383 Bruttus to ȝam reamde [c1275 to-ræsden] and flowen Rom-leode. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online December 2020). reamv.3 ChieflyScottish and Irish English (northern). 1. intransitive. To froth or foam; (of a vessel) to be full of a frothy liquid. Also with over: to overflow. Also in extended uses. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > gas > gas or air in liquid or effervescence > effervesce [verb (intransitive)] > foam or froth foamc950 spumec1400 creamc1440 ream1440 fry1590 mantle1595 froth1603 sud1603 freathe1786 sponge1790 yeast1880 Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 429 Remyn, as ale or other lycoure, spumat. 1710 T. Ruddiman in G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneis (new ed.) Gloss. at Remand We say that ale reams, when it has a white foam above it. a1774 R. Fergusson Poems (1785) 161 Wi' butter'd bannocks now the girdle reeks: I' the far nook the bowie briskly reams. 1788 E. Picken Poems & Epist. 79 Help me to sing the choicest sap, That ever ream'd in glass or cap. 1790 R. Burns Tam o' Shanter 109 in Poems & Songs (1968) II. 560 The swats sae ream'd in Tammie's noddle. 1814 W. Scott Waverley I. xi. 148 A huge pewter measuring-pot..which in the language of the hostess, reamed..with excellent claret. View more context for this quotation 1863 T. Taylor Pictures in Words xxiii Where the white waters chafe and ream. 1890 A. J. Armstrong Ingleside Musings 218 His heid reemed wi' thochts o' his dawtie. 1917 C. Murray Sough o' War 31 Aul' times come reamin' throu' my heid. 1933 Scotsman 22 Dec. Washed down with a draught of Yule-ale from the bowie that reamed briskly in a corner of the kitchen. 1996 C. I. Macafee Conc. Ulster Dict. Ream Ower, overflow. 2. transitive. To take the cream off (milk); to skim. Also intransitive: (of milk) to be skimmed. ΚΠ 1768 A. Ross Fortunate Shepherdess 71 Syn ream'd her milk, an' set it o' the fire. 1768 A. Ross Fortunate Shepherdess ii. 71 On skelfs..the cogs were set, Ready to ream, an' for the cheese be het. 1899 J. Colville Sc. Vernacular 15 (E.D.D.) When the milk was drawn in the cog it was..reamed for the churn. 1923 G. Watson Roxburghshire Word-bk. Ream..to cream milk. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). reamv.4 I. Technical uses. 1. transitive. To enlarge or widen (a hole) with an instrument. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > working with tools or equipment > work with tools or equipment [verb (transitive)] > tool for enlarging holes ream1825 rime1831 rimer1847 mandrel1890 reamer1912 1825 J. Jennings Observ. Dial. W. Eng. 63 Ream, to widen; to open. 1881 Metal World No. 1. 3 Bore the tang-hole with a gimlet, and slightly ream the hole with a taper reamer. 1920 Engin. & Mining Jrnl. 7 Feb. 405/2 When used as a reamer only, an ordinary fish-tail bit, of the same diameter as the hole to be reamed, should be employed in advance of the reamer to act as a pilot. 1991 Woodturning Winter 46/3 The bored hole can be reamed using the tang of the tool. 2. transitive. To enlarge the bore of (a gun) with a special tool. Also with out. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > production and development of arms > produce or develop arms [verb (transitive)] > processes in gun-making stock1539 ranforce1547 newel1611 rifle1619 fortify1627 screw1635 chamber1708 reborea1792 flint1803 restocking1805 vent1828 percussionize1832 ream1841 percussion1844 restock1844 retube1846 revent1864 reline1875 sleeve1976 1841 Ordnance Man. for Use of Officers (U.S. Army Ordnance Dept.) i. 13 After the bore has been reamed out to the proper size, its dimensions are again verified. 1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. 563 Ream, or reem out, to, to enlarge the bore of a cannon with a special tool, so that it may take a larger projectile. 1876 G. E. Voyle & G. de Saint-Clair-Stevenson Mil. Dict. (ed. 3) 330/1 The practice of reaming out guns, or boring them out, first took place in the British service in 1830. 1881 J. Davis Rise & Fall Confed. Govt. I. 474 Iron guns which were reamed out to get a good bore. 1980 F. Smyth Cause of Death iv. 79 Examining the cutting tools which reamed out the grooves in gun barrels, he found that each one left its individual mark; it had to be sharpened regularly, and as its edge wore away the tiny ‘teeth’ which made up the edge altered minutely. 1990 Guns & Ammo Sept. 80/2 Steel tubes are reamed and then button-rifled to make the barrels. 3. transitive. Chiefly with out. To clear out an obstruction or excess material from (something); to excavate; to remove (a defect) by boring. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > formation of features > erosion or weathering > erode [verb (transitive)] > cut channels or holes gull1577 rout1726 wash1766 scour1773 gully1775 erode1830 gorge1849 ravine1858 ream1859 channel1862 canyon1878 to plough out1886 cañon1889 incise1893 runnel1920 the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > clearing of refuse matter > clear of refuse [verb (transitive)] winnowa900 rinse?a1400 rid1421 redd1446 rede1450 card1612 unrubbish1645 flux1651 ripe1720 ream1967 1859 J. Taft Pract. Treat. Operative Dentistry vii. 205 The cavity..having been thus reamed out, a slight undercutting should be made all round with an excavator. 1886 J. M. Caulfeild Seamanship Notes 7 Reaming a shackle is clearing the undercut portion of the lug of a shackle from any..lead which might remain after pin and pellet are knocked out. 1908 H. A. Foster Electr. Engineer's Pocket-bk. (ed. 5) 776 The holes are rusty and will need to be reamed out until clear and bright. 1967 ‘T. Wells’ Dead by Light of Moon x. 99 The toilet..flowed over and Mr. Hawthorne had to come up and ream out the pipes. 1980 Nature 19 June 532/3 As this plinian eruption column formed, it reamed out the volcanic conduit, forming a central crater more than 1·5 km in diameter. 4. transitive. North American. Cookery. To extract (juice) from a citrus fruit with a reamer (reamer n. 3); to extract juice from (a citrus fruit) in this way. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation for table or cooking > preparing fruit and vegetables > prepare fruit and vegetables [verb (transitive)] > extract juice ream1931 juice1950 1931 Oakland (Calif.) Tribune 16 Dec. (advt.) An electrical servant to mix batters, beat eggs, ream juice from oranges. 1933 Fruit Products Jrnl. July 325/1 Juice was prepared by reaming the cut halves of the fruit on a fast revolving burr. 1993 Gazette (Montreal) (Nexis) 17 Nov. c4 Reaming lemons, rolling pastry,..and making tomato puree all change the form and textures of common foods by using different kitchen utensils. 2006 Belleville (Illinois) News-Democrat (Nexis) 15 Mar. c9 Cut orange in half and ream enough juice to make 1/4 cup. II. figurative. 5. U.S. slang. a. transitive. To cheat, to swindle. Cf. rim v.4 1. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > defrauding or swindling > perpetrate (a swindle) [verb (transitive)] > defraud or swindle defraud1362 deceivec1380 plucka1500 lurch1530 defeata1538 souse1545 lick1548 wipe1549 fraud1563 use1564 cozen1573 nick1576 verse1591 rooka1595 trim1600 skelder1602 firk1604 dry-shave1620 fiddle1630 nose1637 foista1640 doa1642 sharka1650 chouse1654 burn1655 bilk1672 under-enter1692 sharp1699 stick1699 finger1709 roguea1714 fling1749 swindle1773 jink1777 queer1778 to do over1781 jump1789 mace1790 chisel1808 slang1812 bucket1819 to clean out1819 give it1819 to put in the hole1819 ramp1819 sting1819 victimize1839 financier1840 gum1840 snakea1861 to take down1865 verneuk1871 bunco1875 rush1875 gyp1879 salt1882 daddle1883 work1884 to have (one) on toast1886 slip1890 to do (a person) in the eye1891 sugar1892 flay1893 to give (someone) the rinky-dink1895 con1896 pad1897 screw1900 short-change1903 to do in1906 window dress1913 ream1914 twist1914 clean1915 rim1918 tweedle1925 hype1926 clip1927 take1927 gazump1928 yentz1930 promote1931 to take (someone) to the cleaners1932 to carve up1933 chizz1948 stiff1950 scam1963 to rip off1969 to stitch up1970 skunk1971 to steal (someone) blind1974 diddle- 1914 ‘High Jinks, Jr.’ Choice Slang 17 Ream one (to), to swindle one. 1938 A. J. Liebling Back where I came From 84 He had invented a new technique for reaming the customers. 1953 S. Kauffmann Philanderer xiii. 216 Yeah, I smell the rat. Joe Bass's new relatives. Well, palsy, they're liable to ream you yet. b. transitive. To vanquish, to beat. Also: to victimize, to punish severely. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > victory > make victorious [verb (transitive)] > conquer or overcome overcomeeOE shendc893 awinc1000 overwinOE overheaveOE to lay downa1225 mate?c1225 discomfitc1230 win1297 dauntc1300 cumber1303 scomfit1303 fenkc1320 to bear downc1330 confoundc1330 confusec1330 to do, put arrear1330 oversetc1330 vanquishc1330 conquerc1374 overthrowc1375 oppressc1380 outfighta1382 to put downa1382 discomfortc1384 threshc1384 vencuea1400 depressc1400 venque?1402 ding?a1425 cumrayc1425 to put to (also at, unto) the (also one's) worsec1425 to bring or put to (or unto) utterance1430 distrussc1430 supprisec1440 ascomfita1450 to do stress?c1450 victorya1470 to make (win) a conquest1477 convanquish1483 conquest1485 defeat1485 oversailc1485 conques1488 discomfish1488 fulyie1488 distress1489 overpress1489 cravent1490 utter?1533 to give (a person) the overthrow1536 debel1542 convince1548 foil1548 out-war1548 profligate1548 proflige?c1550 expugnate1568 expugn1570 victor1576 dismay1596 damnify1598 triumph1605 convict1607 overman1609 thrash1609 beat1611 debellate1611 import1624 to cut to (or in) pieces1632 maitrise1636 worst1636 forcea1641 outfight1650 outgeneral1767 to cut up1803 smash1813 slosh1890 ream1918 hammer1948 1918 Stars & Stripes 3 May 5 We was playin' pay-day poker over in our dump last night and I got reamed. 1928 M. Bodenheim Georgie May 106 Men had to lay down the law and ream each other. 1988 J. Ellroy Big Nowhere vi. 70 We're getting reamed at the box office. 2005 F. Prose Changed Man 104 My dad got reamed by the IRS for some bookkeeping screwup when he tried to start that pathetic electric business. 6. transitive. U.S. slang. To penetrate in an act of anal intercourse; (also occasionally) to penetrate anally with the tongue (cf. rim v.4 3). ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sexual relations > sexual activity > anal sex > [verb (transitive)] bugger1560 sodomize1602 sod1868 bum-fuck1899 cornhole1920 ass-fuck1941 ream1942 rass1952 bum1970 butt-fuck1970 1942 L. V. Berrey & M. Van den Bark Amer. Thes. Slang §508/7 Commit sodomy,..ream. 1965 C. Bukowski Let. 23 July in Screams from Balcony (1998) 190 I feel as if I were being reamed in a pig pen. 1971 E. E. Landy Underground Dict. Ream, orally copulate the anus. 1997 P. Carey Jack Maggs (1998) xlvi. 167 For two weeks in 1836, Edward Constable had been drunk with Henry Phipps, dreamed of Henry Phipps, had been reamed, rogered, ploughed by Henry Phipps so he could barely walk straight to the table. 7. transitive. U.S. colloquial. To reprimand severely. Frequently with out. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > rebuke or reproof > rebuke or reprove [verb (transitive)] threac897 threapc897 begripea1000 threata1000 castea1200 chaste?c1225 takec1275 blame1297 chastya1300 sniba1300 withnima1315 undernima1325 rebukec1330 snuba1340 withtakea1340 reprovec1350 chastisea1375 arate1377 challenge1377 undertake1377 reprehenda1382 repreync1390 runta1398 snapea1400 underfoc1400 to call to account1434 to put downc1440 snebc1440 uptakec1440 correptc1449 reformc1450 reprise?c1450 to tell (a person) his (also her, etc.) own1450 control1451 redarguec1475 berisp1481 to hit (cross) one over (of, on) the thumbs1522 checkc1530 admonish1541 nip1548 twig?1550 impreve1552 lesson1555 to take down1562 to haul (a person) over the coals1565 increpate1570 touch1570 school1573 to gather up1577 task1580 redarguate?1590 expostulate1592 tutor1599 sauce1601 snip1601 sneap1611 to take in tax1635 to sharp up1647 round1653 threapen1671 reprimand1681 to take to task1682 document1690 chapter1693 repulse1746 twink1747 to speak to ——1753 haul1795 to pull up1799 carpet1840 rig1841 to talk to1860 to take (a person) to the woodshed1882 rawhide1895 to tell off1897 to tell (someone) where he or she gets off1900 to get on ——1904 to put (a person) in (also into) his, her place1908 strafe1915 tick1915 woodshed1935 to slap (a person) down1938 sort1941 bind1942 bottle1946 mat1948 ream1950 zap1961 elder1967 1946 Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. 51 421/2 The expressions ‘to have one's ass chewed’ or ‘to have one's ass reamed’, referring to reprimands by superiors.] 1950 E. Hemingway Across River & into Trees xii. 117 You ream out people you respect, to make them do what is fairly impossible, but is ordered. 2004 D. Klinger Into Kill Zone v. 229 The local newspapers had reamed me, saying that I'd shot too soon. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < |
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