biologyn.

Brit.

/bʌɪˈɒlədʒi/, U.S.

/baɪˈɑlədʒi/

Forms: 1600s bialogie, 1700s– biology.

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: bio- comb. form, -logy comb. form.

Etymology: < bio- comb. form + -logy comb. form. Quot. 1686 at sense 1 apparently shows an isolated early use; compare biography n. and foreign-language forms cited at that entry. In sense 2 after post-classical Latin biologia (1766, in the title of a work by M. C. Hanov, or earlier); compare German Biologie ( G. R. Treviranus Biologie, oder Philosophie der lebenden Natur f. Naturforscher u. Aerzte (6 vols., 1802–22 )), French biologie (Lamarck, 1802). Compare Hellenistic Greek βιολόγος kind of mimic actor or mime, i.e. ‘person who represents to the life’.

I. In non-scientific use, relating to biographical study and writing.

1. A biographical history of a person, place, etc.; a biography. Later also: the study of human life, character, or society. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > science of mankind > [noun]

anthropology1593

microcosmography1606

biology1686

human science1833

biotypology1927

1686 D. Loftus in tr. Hist. Twofold Invention of Cross To Rdr. sig. A4 It is contained in a Bialogie of Eastern Saints, written in a fair Estrangalar Character, wherein the Aramæans usually write matters of most precious concern.

1813 J. F. Stanfield Ess. on Biogr. Introd. 12 There exists, what might be called biology, as well as biography.

1839 Analyst 9 225 A biology of Peter Lollius is altogether inexistent—so completely has the literary history of this period been neglected.

1912 C. H. Herford in J. H. Rose et al. Germany in 19th Cent. (ed. 2) iii. 67 Ferdinand Gregorovius..was in reality initiating a new kind of life-history, the history of the Town. That a Town has a biology of its own has been, since Freeman and Green, a familiar idea to us.

II. A branch of science, and related senses.

2. The branch of science that deals with living organisms as objects of study, apart from any utilitarian value they may have, and now comprising more specialized disciplines such as zoology, botany, and bacteriology.chemical, human, marine, molecular, population, radiation biology, etc.: see the first element.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > study > [noun] > biology

biology1799

organomy1801

physiognosya1832

biological science1856

organonomy1857

life science1861

biognosy1880

bugs1900

bioscience1941

bio1943

1799 T. Beddoes Contrib. Physical & Med. Knowl. Introd. 4 Physiology therefore—or more strictly biology—by which I mean the doctrine of the living system in all its states, appears to be the foundation of ethics and pneumatology.

1819 W. Lawrence Lect. on Physiol., Anat., & Nat. Hist. Man 60 A foreign writer [sc. Treviranus] has proposed the more accurate term of biology, or science of life.

1847 W. Whewell Philos. Inductive Sci. (new ed.) I. 544 The term Biology..has of late become not uncommon, among good writers.

1852 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 142 131 T. Wharton-Jones,..Corresponding Member of the Society of Biology of Paris.

1859 T. H. Huxley in Proc. Royal Soc. 9 432 Those who..view with extreme aversion, any attempt to introduce the phraseology and mode of thought of an obsolete and scholastic realism into biology.

1863 A. Gray Let. 6 July in C. Darwin Corr. (1999) XI. 521 He rightly blames Huxley for his use of the term Biology.

1880 A. R. Wallace Island Life i. i. 9 One of the most difficult and interesting questions in geographical biology—the origin of the fauna and flora of New Zealand.

1916 Ess. & Lit Stud. ii. 49 Biology has nothing to say as to what ought to survive and what ought not to survive; it merely speaks of what does survive.

1965 W. C. Krumbein & F. A. Graybill Introd. Statist. Models Geol. ix. 217 Experimental design was first developed in agriculture and biology, but it soon became apparent that the same principles apply to a wide variety of subjects.

1994 New Yorker 19 Sept. 70/3 Other high schools in the Bronx had decided to place students who scored 25 or less in ‘pre-sequential’ classes, which would prepare them for algebra or biology.

2008 Guardian 9 Aug. (Review section) 9/1 His conversation was a brilliant mélange of concepts and ideas drawn from biology, anthropology, kinesics, proxemics.

†3. Hypnotism; = electrobiology n. 2. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > physical sensibility > physical insensibility > hypnotic state > [noun] > forms of hypnotism

mesmerism1784

biology1850

electrobiology1850

braidism1882

1850 J. S. Grimes Etherology, & Phreno-philosophy of Mesmerism & Magic Eloquence 38 Most of the pretended wonderful discoveries, published under the names of Neurology, Phreno-Mesmerism, and Biology, have originated in the ignorance of the operators concerning this important principle of self-induction.

1868 Biblical Repertory 40 301 Some of these powers or forces..occasionally show themselves in the facts of biology, mesmerism, pathetism, and the like.

1874 W. B. Carpenter Princ. Mental Physiol. (1876) 551 ‘Electro biology,’ or ‘Biology’ (as it came to be very commonly designated)..became a fashionable amusement in some circles, at ordinary evening parties.

4. The biological characteristics and attributes of an organism, species, etc.

ΚΠ

1853 A. Henfrey Bot. & Physiol. Mem. 549 Having thus gone over the various morphological and developmental conditions of the Protococcus, the author proceeds to its biology.

1871 Nature 20 Apr. 483/1 How little of the biology of a new form has been exhausted when it has been collected, named, described, figured, and even dissected!

1929 R. A. Wardle Probl. Appl. Entomol. v. 117 A close study of the biology of these parasites, before they were introduced, would have shown that the value of Opius humilis was greater than that of the others.

1988 L. Spalding Daughters of Captain Cook vii. 59 Because of our distinct biologies, our inner rhythms, we'd managed over the years to miss each other's finer moments.

2008 New Scientist 18 Oct. 58/2 (advt.) Current interests include taxonomy and biology of honey fungus, Phytophthora, powdery mildews and box blight.

5. The living organisms of a particular area, environment, etc.

ΚΠ

1871 Nature 22 June 151/2 Middendorff's ‘Thierwelt Sibirias’ [sic]..forms a valuable exposition of the biology of N.E. Siberia.

1895 Times 11 Apr. 8/6 A knowledge of the biology of the depths of the Antarctic Ocean..was all but wholly wanting.

1909 E. Warming et al. Oecol. Plants 79 We know that some of them [sc. species of bacteria] play a prominent part in the biology of the soil.

1990 Q. Rev. Biol. 65 68/2 This book..is an excellent general account of the geography and biology of the Arctic.

2007 B. Shorrocks (title) The biology of African savannahs.

Compounds

General attributive, as biology class, biology professor, biology teacher, biology textbook, etc.

ΚΠ

1873 20th Rep. Sci. & Art Dept. Comm. of Council on Educ. App. D. 436 In the autumn the Royal College of Chemistry and the biology class of the Royal School of Mines were removed into the main building.

1921 Survey 14 May 218/2 The Direction of Human Evolution... A bold and interesting interpretation of present-day knowledge on this subject by the biology professor of Princeton.

1923 Sci. Monthly Jan. 67 We find our department sought out by the premedicals, prospective biology teachers, a few unusually broad-minded students of agriculture and practically no others.

1989 R. Kenan Visitation of Spirits 144 His experiment in plant tropisms for Miss Hedgeson's ninth-grade biology class.

2002 Time 29 July 42/3 Scientists have been finding life in..places where biology textbooks say it shouldn't exist.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	biology
释义	biologyn. Brit. /bʌɪˈɒlədʒi/, U.S. /baɪˈɑlədʒi/ Forms: 1600s bialogie, 1700s– biology. Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: bio- comb. form, -logy comb. form. Etymology: < bio- comb. form + -logy comb. form. Quot. 1686 at sense 1 apparently shows an isolated early use; compare biography n. and foreign-language forms cited at that entry. In sense 2 after post-classical Latin biologia (1766, in the title of a work by M. C. Hanov, or earlier); compare German Biologie ( G. R. Treviranus Biologie, oder Philosophie der lebenden Natur f. Naturforscher u. Aerzte (6 vols., 1802–22 )), French biologie (Lamarck, 1802). Compare Hellenistic Greek βιολόγος kind of mimic actor or mime, i.e. ‘person who represents to the life’. I. In non-scientific use, relating to biographical study and writing. 1. A biographical history of a person, place, etc.; a biography. Later also: the study of human life, character, or society. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > people > science of mankind > [noun] anthropology1593 microcosmography1606 biology1686 human science1833 biotypology1927 1686 D. Loftus in tr. Hist. Twofold Invention of Cross To Rdr. sig. A4 It is contained in a Bialogie of Eastern Saints, written in a fair Estrangalar Character, wherein the Aramæans usually write matters of most precious concern. 1813 J. F. Stanfield Ess. on Biogr. Introd. 12 There exists, what might be called biology, as well as biography. 1839 Analyst 9 225 A biology of Peter Lollius is altogether inexistent—so completely has the literary history of this period been neglected. 1912 C. H. Herford in J. H. Rose et al. Germany in 19th Cent. (ed. 2) iii. 67 Ferdinand Gregorovius..was in reality initiating a new kind of life-history, the history of the Town. That a Town has a biology of its own has been, since Freeman and Green, a familiar idea to us. II. A branch of science, and related senses. 2. The branch of science that deals with living organisms as objects of study, apart from any utilitarian value they may have, and now comprising more specialized disciplines such as zoology, botany, and bacteriology.chemical, human, marine, molecular, population, radiation biology, etc.: see the first element. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > study > [noun] > biology biology1799 organomy1801 physiognosya1832 biological science1856 organonomy1857 life science1861 biognosy1880 bugs1900 bioscience1941 bio1943 1799 T. Beddoes Contrib. Physical & Med. Knowl. Introd. 4 Physiology therefore—or more strictly biology—by which I mean the doctrine of the living system in all its states, appears to be the foundation of ethics and pneumatology. 1819 W. Lawrence Lect. on Physiol., Anat., & Nat. Hist. Man 60 A foreign writer [sc. Treviranus] has proposed the more accurate term of biology, or science of life. 1847 W. Whewell Philos. Inductive Sci. (new ed.) I. 544 The term Biology..has of late become not uncommon, among good writers. 1852 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 142 131 T. Wharton-Jones,..Corresponding Member of the Society of Biology of Paris. 1859 T. H. Huxley in Proc. Royal Soc. 9 432 Those who..view with extreme aversion, any attempt to introduce the phraseology and mode of thought of an obsolete and scholastic realism into biology. 1863 A. Gray Let. 6 July in C. Darwin Corr. (1999) XI. 521 He rightly blames Huxley for his use of the term Biology. 1880 A. R. Wallace Island Life i. i. 9 One of the most difficult and interesting questions in geographical biology—the origin of the fauna and flora of New Zealand. 1916 Ess. & Lit Stud. ii. 49 Biology has nothing to say as to what ought to survive and what ought not to survive; it merely speaks of what does survive. 1965 W. C. Krumbein & F. A. Graybill Introd. Statist. Models Geol. ix. 217 Experimental design was first developed in agriculture and biology, but it soon became apparent that the same principles apply to a wide variety of subjects. 1994 New Yorker 19 Sept. 70/3 Other high schools in the Bronx had decided to place students who scored 25 or less in ‘pre-sequential’ classes, which would prepare them for algebra or biology. 2008 Guardian 9 Aug. (Review section) 9/1 His conversation was a brilliant mélange of concepts and ideas drawn from biology, anthropology, kinesics, proxemics. †3. Hypnotism; = electrobiology n. 2. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > physical sensibility > physical insensibility > hypnotic state > [noun] > forms of hypnotism mesmerism1784 biology1850 electrobiology1850 braidism1882 1850 J. S. Grimes Etherology, & Phreno-philosophy of Mesmerism & Magic Eloquence 38 Most of the pretended wonderful discoveries, published under the names of Neurology, Phreno-Mesmerism, and Biology, have originated in the ignorance of the operators concerning this important principle of self-induction. 1868 Biblical Repertory 40 301 Some of these powers or forces..occasionally show themselves in the facts of biology, mesmerism, pathetism, and the like. 1874 W. B. Carpenter Princ. Mental Physiol. (1876) 551 ‘Electro biology,’ or ‘Biology’ (as it came to be very commonly designated)..became a fashionable amusement in some circles, at ordinary evening parties. 4. The biological characteristics and attributes of an organism, species, etc. ΚΠ 1853 A. Henfrey Bot. & Physiol. Mem. 549 Having thus gone over the various morphological and developmental conditions of the Protococcus, the author proceeds to its biology. 1871 Nature 20 Apr. 483/1 How little of the biology of a new form has been exhausted when it has been collected, named, described, figured, and even dissected! 1929 R. A. Wardle Probl. Appl. Entomol. v. 117 A close study of the biology of these parasites, before they were introduced, would have shown that the value of Opius humilis was greater than that of the others. 1988 L. Spalding Daughters of Captain Cook vii. 59 Because of our distinct biologies, our inner rhythms, we'd managed over the years to miss each other's finer moments. 2008 New Scientist 18 Oct. 58/2 (advt.) Current interests include taxonomy and biology of honey fungus, Phytophthora, powdery mildews and box blight. 5. The living organisms of a particular area, environment, etc. ΚΠ 1871 Nature 22 June 151/2 Middendorff's ‘Thierwelt Sibirias’ [sic]..forms a valuable exposition of the biology of N.E. Siberia. 1895 Times 11 Apr. 8/6 A knowledge of the biology of the depths of the Antarctic Ocean..was all but wholly wanting. 1909 E. Warming et al. Oecol. Plants 79 We know that some of them [sc. species of bacteria] play a prominent part in the biology of the soil. 1990 Q. Rev. Biol. 65 68/2 This book..is an excellent general account of the geography and biology of the Arctic. 2007 B. Shorrocks (title) The biology of African savannahs. Compounds General attributive, as biology class, biology professor, biology teacher, biology textbook, etc. ΚΠ 1873 20th Rep. Sci. & Art Dept. Comm. of Council on Educ. App. D. 436 In the autumn the Royal College of Chemistry and the biology class of the Royal School of Mines were removed into the main building. 1921 Survey 14 May 218/2 The Direction of Human Evolution... A bold and interesting interpretation of present-day knowledge on this subject by the biology professor of Princeton. 1923 Sci. Monthly Jan. 67 We find our department sought out by the premedicals, prospective biology teachers, a few unusually broad-minded students of agriculture and practically no others. 1989 R. Kenan Visitation of Spirits 144 His experiment in plant tropisms for Miss Hedgeson's ninth-grade biology class. 2002 Time 29 July 42/3 Scientists have been finding life in..places where biology textbooks say it shouldn't exist. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1686
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