recoursen.¹

Brit.

/rᵻˈkɔːs/, U.S.

/ˈriˌkɔrs/,

/riˈkɔrs/

Forms: late Middle English recors, late Middle English recorse, late Middle English recource, late Middle English recowrce, late Middle English recurse, late Middle English risorses (plural, transmission error), late Middle English–1500s recours, late Middle English– recourse, 1500s resourse; Scottish pre-1700 recours, pre-1700 recurs, pre-1700 1700s– recourse.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French recours.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman recurs, recourse, Anglo-Norman and Middle French recours (French recours ) resort, recourse, remedy, source of support, refuge (13th cent.), (legal) appeal (14th cent.), opportunity, passage to return (15th cent. or earlier), (legal) claim (15th cent.) < classical Latin recursus action of running back to one's starting point, withdrawal, means of retreat, ebbing (of the sea), doubling back (of a river or path) on its course, return, reversion, in post-classical Latin also appeal (6th cent.), concourse of people (11th cent.), right of recovery (13th cent.), resort (1385, 1440 in British sources) < recurrere recur v. + -tus , suffix forming verbal nouns. Compare Catalan recurs (15th cent.), Spanish recurso (15th cent.), Portuguese recurso (15th cent.), Italian ricorso (a1540). Compare course n.In to have recourse (see Phrases 1) after Anglo-Norman aver recours (13th cent.). The form resourse in quot. 1579 at sense 3a probably results from association with resort n. (compare resort n. 4a).

I. Senses relating to resorting or turning to.

1. An act or the action of resorting or turning to (also †unto) a person or thing for help, advice, protection, etc.Recorded earliest in to have one's recourse to at Phrases 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > recourse > [noun] > that to which one has recourse

chevisancec1330

recoursec1405

resorta1413

refugec1425

shift1523

rescours1533

reserve1644

c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Melibeus (Hengwrt) (2003) §472 Ye shul retourne or haue youre recours [v.r. cours] to the Iuge þ^t hath the Iurisdiccioun vp on hem.

a1413 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (Pierpont Morgan) (1881) ii. l. 1352 To Pandarus alwey was his recours.

a1475 ( S. Scrope tr. Dicts & Sayings Philosophers (Bodl. 943) (1999) 74 (MED) Were not the recourse to thi mynde more honeste to delyuer him a-noon?

1529 T. More Dialogue Heresyes iv, in Wks. 270/1 It minished the necessitie of mannes recourse vnto god, for calling helpe of his grace.

1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 761 Being farre of from the lawe and recourse to iustice.

a1639 H. Wotton View Life & Death Duke of Buckingham in Reliquiæ Wottonianæ (1651) 118 Thus died this great Peer..in a time of great recourse unto him and dependance upon him.

1651 J. Saint-Amard tr. F. Micanzio Life Father Paul sig. D3^v This is all the remedy that can be had, that such as are so narrowly inquisited may in their recourse to Rome with their commissions finde Justice.

1738 tr. C. Rollin Anc. Hist. (ed. 2) I. Pref. p. xxiv This perpetual recourse to the Deity, is one of the principal foundations of religion.

1775 J. W. Fletcher Last Check Antinom. iii. 37 A heart-felt, ceaseless recourse to the blood, merits, and righteousness of Christ.

1845 E. Holmes Life Mozart 13 [Mozart] having commenced composition without recourse to the clavier.

1871 G. H. Napheys Prevention & Cure Dis. i. v. 151 Our first recourse is to the windows.

1926 J. Devanny Butcher Shop x. 98 He chuckled morosely at each repetition of recourse to the bottle on the makeshift table beside his bunk.

1949 N. Mitford Love in Cold Climate ii. vii. 283 Those who, like Mrs Heathery, believe all they see in print without recourse to past experience.

1992 J. M. Kelly Short Hist. Western Legal Theory vii. 300 A public law between nations, which would decide disputes in a civilized manner, and not by the barbarous recourse to war.

a. Access or admission to a place; opportunity to resort or turn to (also unto) a person or thing.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement towards a thing, person, or position > [noun] > coming into the presence of or contact with > power or opportunity of > specific to a person

recourse1438

1438 in O. T. Bruce Liber Cartarum Prioratus St. Andree (1841) 430 Sen Ovirmalgask is fundin a tenandry in yhour awn court of the fornemmyt lordschip that I mycht have fre recours therto.

1445 in A. H. Thompson Visitations Relig. Houses Diocese Lincoln (1919) II. 116 Suffre no seculere persones..to hafe any accesse or recourse to your said monastery ne to any singulere persone ther of.

a1500 tr. Thomas à Kempis De Imitatione Christi (Trin. Dublin) (1893) 114 (MED) Moyses at all tymes had recourse to þe tabernacle for doutes & questions.

1541 T. Elyot Image of Gouernance xiv. f. 24^v This familyar and secrete recourse that he had to the emperour.

1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III iii. v. 104 To giue notice, that no maner of person At any tyme haue recourse vnto the Princes.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Two Gentlemen of Verona (1623) iii. i. 112 The doores be lockt,..That no man hath recourse to her by night.

?1686 J. Evelyn Let. in C. Marburg Mr. Pepys & Mr. Evelyn (1935) 140 I consent that Workemen etc may at all times have recourse to y^e Mast-docks.

1727 Altar of Love 25 No Recourse could be had to anyone but M. Junius Pera.

1775 S. Johnson Taxation no Tyranny 26 They are more secluded from easy recourse to national judicature.

1807 R. Cumberland Mem. II. 182 So long as she could have recourse to her horse, she made a struggle for fresh air and exercise.

1857 Times 10 Aug. 8/1 He had had special recourse there so lately as the Saturday previous to the murder.

1933 E. W. Allen Position Foreign States ii. c i. 150 If the plaintiff had a claim against Haiti, he had no recourse to the courts of France.

1950 Pacific Hist. Rev. 19 406 Probably this was the only group of..Chinese anywhere who had no recourse to newspapers in their own language.

1998 Independent 7 Aug. ii. 3/8 Victims of spam attacks in Britain have no such recourse to the law—yet.

†b. Dealings; communication; an instance of this. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in specific manner > alternating or reciprocating motion > [noun] > backwards and forwards

recourse1475

reciprocation1646

backwarding and forwarding1765

scissoring1902

1475 in 3rd Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1872) App. 314/1 in Parl. Papers (C. 673) XXXIII. 337 Hit is byhowthefull, convenyent, and necessarye, for the gret and trewe confirmacion of pes and welthe, and recowrce as bytwynne yowe and us, [etc.].

1624 T. Heywood Γυναικεῖον iii. 130 Vpon some certaine feastiuall daies there was free recourse betwixt the citisens of [the cities of Miletum and Minus].

1677 W. Hubbard Narr. Troubles with Indians New-Eng. 125 We feared we should be discovered by reason of the frequent recourse between them by certain Squaws (who have mutual recourse).

1719 in Colonial Rec. Pennsylvania (1852) III. 86 That they expected to have free recourse for the peple amongst the English Plantations.

1765 C. Johnstone Chrysal IV. ii. vi. 193 The evils, which such a recourse between individuals in the same state, must be attended with.

1868 Trial of Andrew Johnson (U.S. Govt. Printing Office) II. 251 The irresponsibility of the sovereign is beautifully reconciled with the liberty of the subject, by holding the ministry responsible..But what is to be our condition, with no recourse between the two, to either king or minister?

a. Habitual or usual visiting of a particular place. Now chiefly historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabiting temporarily > haunting or resorting > [noun]

sokenc1000

hauntc1330

hauntingc1400

resortc1425

resorting?a1439

recoursea1456

repairc1480

frequentinga1555

frequentation1585

frequentance1593

frequent1631

frequency1642

frequentage1814

a1456 tr. Secreta Secret. (Marmaduke, Ashm. 59) (1977) 218 (MED) Þe cuntrey is gode þat haþe gret recourse of marchandes, with þeire marchandyse.

1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. ccxxix. 306 All their chefe recours was in France, for they called the realme of Fraunce their chambre.

1553 R. Eden tr. S. Münster Treat. Newe India sig. Fiij^v Whether the marchauntes & straungers, haue their continual recourse as to y^e burse or strete.

1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. July 77 Here han the holy Faunes resourse.

1603 R. Knolles Gen. Hist. Turkes 212 It yeelded them a great profit by the recourse of devout Christians travelling thither.

1623 W. Gouge Serm. Extent God's Provid. §15 This withdrawing chamber was next to his bed-chamber. He had oft recourse thither.

a1657 W. Burton Comm. Antoninus his Itinerary (1658) 70 They had their place of recourse or rendevouz.

1705 in W. S. Perry Hist. Coll. Amer. Colonial Church: Virginia (1870) I. 165 There is such a recourse of the Clergy to Gov^r Nicholson's Lodgings.

1937 J. J. McCadden Educ. in Pennsylvania 1801–35 i. 14 It provided a meeting and reading room for stockholders..and was a place of recourse for educated strangers passing through the city.

2003 C. P. Graves in S. Lawrence Archaeologies of Brit. 46 A walk along the town walls near Pilgrim Street in the 1730s..was not merely a place of recourse for an emerging 'polite' town society.

†b. Gathering of people, esp. at a particular time; a crowd. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement towards a thing, person, or position > [noun] > towards each other or convergence > of numbers of people

concoursec1384

repairc1390

confluence?a1475

resort1485

recourse1516

concursion1533

affluence1579

afflux1603

conflux1614

concurrence1632

flocking1669

run1792

1516 St. Bridget (Pynson) in J. H. Blunt Mirror our Lady (1873) p. lvii In suche grete recourse of the people the Body was caryed to the monastery of Seynt Laurence.

1544 J. Bale Brefe Chron. Syr I. Oldecastell 39 b That ye cause this condemnacyon..to be publyshed..by youre curates and paryshe Priestes, soche tyme as they shall haue most recourse of people.

1599 Warning for Faire Women i. 448 Beside, Recourse of servants and of passengers Might have been jealous of our conference.

1656 Duchess of Newcastle True Relation in Natures Pictures 373 Their customes were..to ride in their Coaches about the Streets to see the concourse and recourse of People.

1844 C. J. Lever Tom Burke II. lvi. 53 I turned into the wood at the first road to the right, where there is least recourse of people.

†c. The action of retiring to rest. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > sleep > bed related to sleep or rest > [noun] > action of going to bed or lying down

lying?c1225

bed-ganga1300

bed-gatec1440

down-lying1534

recourse1590

retirement1679

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene iii. ix. sig. Ll4^v Her crased helth, her late recourse to rest.

†d. A visit; an occasion of going. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > aspects of travel > a journey > [noun] > a visit to a place

recourse1632

visit1800

descent1879

1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. viii. 369 The chiefe Mosque too in which..[he] and I had three sundry recourses accompanied with our Moorish hoste.

4. Law (originally Scots Law). The right to demand financial compensation; esp. the right of the holder of a bill of exchange to claim on the drawer and endorser if an acceptor refuses to honour the bill.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > legal right > rights to do or use something > [noun] > right to pecuniary compensation

recourse1462

regress1467

relief1927

1462 Cal. Edinb. Reg. House Charters Suppl. 9 Nov. Than the party plenȝeand sal have recours and persew thar party makand defaut.

1688 Earl of Galloway's Family Papers 22 Feb. My lord [is] to have recourse at the said tenents for what will mak up the [defective] housses.

1722 W. Forbes Inst. Law Scotl. I. i. 191 If the Possessor of a Bill neglect in due Time to present it, in Order to Acceptance..he loses his Recourse against the Drawer and Indorser, if the Person drawn upon, or Accepter, do in the Interim prove insolvent.

1747 Acts Sederunt Scotl. (1753) II. 77 The question..Whether a bill of Exchange..must be protested upon the..last Day of Grace..in order to afford Recourse against the Drawer.

a1768 J. Erskine Inst. Law Scotl. (1773) II. iii. ii. §34 The possessor of a bill who has not used exact diligence, should lose his recourse against the drawer.

1838 W. Bell Dict. Law Scotl. 827 Recourse is the right competent to an assignee or disponee, under the warrandice of the transaction, to recur on the vender or cedent for relief, in case of eviction or of defects inferring warrandice.

1879 Times 12 Dec. Holders of ‘agency’ bills would have no recourse.

1927 W. M. Gloag & R. C. Henderson Introd. Law Scotl. 288 The holder of a bill..must, in order to preserve recourse against the drawer or prior indorsers, protest it either in the case of non-acceptance or non-payment.

1991 A. G. Guest Chalmers's Bills of Exchange (ed. 14) 357 On non-acceptance the holder has an ‘immediate right of recourse’, that is, resort to the drawer and indorsers.

5. A thing, procedure, or person resorted or turned to for help, advice, protection, etc.; source of assistance or support.

ΚΠ

c1475 tr. A. Chartier Quadrilogue (Univ. Coll. Oxf.) (1974) 171 (MED) The peeple..shulde vnder you dwelle hole and sounde..for to haue recours in peruerse fortune.

1544 Exhort. vnto Prayer sig. A.ii Forasmvche as prayer is the veray true meane..wherby..we may..haue a recourse and a refuge for helpe.

1612 M. Drayton Poly-olbion x. 158 Cluyd doth quickly call Her great recourse, to come and gard her.

1677 T. D'Urfey Fond Husband iv. iv. 45 Finding something in my Vertue that shook his designs, his recourse was to make you jealous of me and Rashley.

1700 J. Dryden tr. G. Boccaccio Sigismonda & Guiscardo in Fables 139 Thy little Care to mend my Widow'd Nights Has forc'd me to recourse of Marriage-Rites.

1774 J. Bryant New Syst. II. 142 This is their usual recourse, when they are hard pressed by inconsistencies.

1854 H. H. Milman Hist. Lat. Christianity III. vi. ii. 33 The Greeks..in despair of maintaining their ground..had vainly sought recourse in craft.

1872 S. Ferguson Congal v. 130 Thy railing words, injurious King, I hold But as the womanish recourse of tongue-puissant scold.

1923 R. Lynd in Observer 1 Apr. 7/7 Games are the last recourse to those who do not know how to idle.

1953 D. Eisenhower Let. 8 May in W. S. Churchill & D. Eisenhower Corr. (1990) 54 We have no recourse except to continue the steady buildup of..Western economic and military strength.

1990 J. Halperin Novelists in their Youth iii. 112 For several days, having no other recourse, he lived on peanuts bought from a street vendor.

†II. Senses relating to movement or movement back.

a. A running, coming, or flowing back; a return. Also: opportunity to or means of return. (literal and figurative.) Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > backward movement > [noun] > return towards point of departure

returna1393

returning?c1400

recoursec1405

regress1478

reverture1495

retraira1500

regression1598

reflexa1613

recursion1616

revolture1633

retroition1651

hark back1798

recover1818

the world > life > the body > vascular system > circulation > [noun] > types of circulation

recoursea1545

refluencea1592

refluxion1598

refluency1615

reflux1630

fluid vein1817

microcirculation1955

shunting1961

c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Squire's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 67 Vn to my firste I wol haue my recours [v.r. retours].

1483 ( tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage of Soul (Caxton) v. xiii. f. Ciiij These ben thre glorious recours of this noble sonne.

a1545 Deth Edwarde IV in J. Skelton Certayne Bks. (c1563) 16 What ordeyned god to be terestryall Without recours to the erth of nature?

1555 E. Bonner Profitable & Necessarye Doctryne C The Excourse of hym is even unto the helles, and the recourse of him is unto the seate of God.

1591 R. Wilmot Tancred & Gismund ii. i. sig. B3 How time once past, may neuer haue recourse.

1644 J. Bulwer Chirologia 31 The Hand directed towards the Auditours..maintaining its gravity with a swift recourse.

1668 N. Culpeper & A. Cole tr. T. Bartholin Anat. (new ed.) Man. i. i. 302 The recourse of the Blood into the Heart is hindred.

b. A periodic return or recurrence. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > frequency > [noun] > being periodical or regularity > a periodical recurrence

recourse1584

1584 R. Scot Discouerie Witchcraft viii. i. 157 Some Siloah.., whereinto at certeine ordinarie recourses of times sicke folke maie plunge themselues.

1659 J. Milton Considerations touching Hirelings 61 The seaventh day is..a convenient recourse of worship in fit season.

a1677 I. Barrow Serm. Several Occasions (1678) 261 The constant rising of the Sun upon us,..the recourse of temperate Seasons.

1712 R. Mead tr. Power & Infl. Sun & Moon ii. 47 Ulcers..have their periodical Recourse of Humors.

a. Movement, flow; a course, passage, or path to or into something. Also in extended use. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > [noun] > course or direction of movement

runeeOE

runningOE

pathOE

wayOE

tracea1300

coursec1380

racec1390

recourse?c1425

situation1517

journey?a1560

track1565

roadway1600

career?1614

direction1665

by-run1674

sensea1679

meith1726

heading1841

the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > recourse > [noun]

recourse?c1425

resort?a1439

recurrence1697

resource1720

resorting1778

the world > matter > liquid > liquid flow > action or process of flowing > [noun] > movement of flow > in particular direction

recoursec1540

?c1425 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Cambr. Ii.3.21) (1886) i. met. ii. l. 2 Which sterre in heuene vseth wandrynge recourses [?c1400 BL Add. 10340 risorses] .I.-flyt by diuerse speeres.

a1450 York Plays (1885) 237 (MED) Ye nedis non othir recours to craue.

c1450 ( J. Walton tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Linc. Cathedral 103) 216 (MED) This sotill mynde..the cercle of the sterres..With his recours he passeth all infere.

c1540 A. Borde Bk. for to Lerne A iv b That some freshe spryng haue a recourse to noryshe and to refreshe the sayd standynge waters.

1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde ii. ix. f. 83 I doo not vnderstande howe soo many and soo great ryuers, may haue recourse into this north sea.

1576 A. Fleming tr. Cicero in Panoplie Epist. 41 All times are..replenished with recourse of fresh calamities.

1620 G. Markham Farwell to Husbandry xiv. 116 The second dryed vp by the ayre which hath free recourse into it.

1653 W. Harvey Anat. Exercitations (1673) 61 You shall quickly see the distance betwixt the heart and the ligature emptied, so that you must needs affirm the recourse of blood.

1727 Char. at Hot-well Ded. p. xvii That Person who was so highly instrumental towards the great Recourse to Bath.

1761 J. Chandler Treat. Dis. called Cold (ed. 2) 63 The free recourse of the blood..being intercepted by constrictions.

b. Ebb and flow of the tide. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > tide > type of tide > [noun] > ebb and flow

ebb and flooda1000

tidea1500

recourse1549

flux and reflux1612

1549 H. Latimer Fyrste Serm. before Kynges Grace sig. Aiij As it is vnpossible that a litell ryuer shulde receyue y^e recourse of the mayne sea w^t in his brymmes, [etc.].

1592 N. Breton C'tess Penbrooke's Love (1879) 24/1 Thou makest the tides to take their due recourse.

a1642 R. Callis Reading of Statute of Sewers (1647) i. 27 Not accounted grounds left or gained from the sea, because the sea hath daily her recourse thereon.

c. Medicine. An accumulation or collection (of matter). Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > suppuration > [noun] > a suppuration

gatheringc1000

recourse1559

pinswell1591

bealinga1605

suppuration1801

1559 P. Morwyng tr. C. Gesner Treasure of Euonymus 83 Aqua vitæ simple and alone..breaketh an impostume or recours of matter.

Phrases

P1. to have (†one's or †a) recourse to: to resort to, to need to turn to.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > recourse > have recourse to [verb (transitive)]

fang855

runOE

to take to ——?c1225

seeka1300

goc1390

to have (one's or a) recourse toc1405

recourse?a1425

suit1450

to take (also make or make one's) recourse to (also into)c1456

repairc1475

to fall to ——1490

recur1511

to take unto ——1553

flee1563

betake1590

retreat1650

to call on ——1721

devolve1744

to draw upon ——1800

to draw on ——a1817

c1405Haue youre recours to [see sense 1].

a1430 in M. Sellers York Memorandum Bk. (1915) II. 180 (MED) Than thay four arbitruors suld hafe recource to the mair and consell of the chambre.

1484 W. Caxton tr. Ordre of Chyualry (1926) iii. 39 The feble and lasse..haue recours to the grete.

?1504 W. Atkinson tr. Thomas à Kempis Ful Treat. Imytacyon Cryste (Pynson) iii. xliii. 232 Moyses euer had a recours to the tabernacle of god for doubtis & questyons.

a1564 Q. Kennedy Breif Tracteit in 2 Eucharistic Tracts (1964) 112/5 Mennis saluacione is to haue recours to the doctrine of the kirk of God.

1611 M. Smith in Bible (King James) Transl. Pref. ⁋11 They had recourse at the last, to this shift.

1650 T. Fuller Pisgah-sight of Palestine ii. xi. 229 In this straight he hath his recourse by prayer to God.

1707 tr. P. Le Lorrain de Vallemont Curiosities in Husbandry & Gardening 22 They who have a liking to that sort of Compositions, may have recourse to Dornavius in his Amphitheatrum Sapientiæ.

1776 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall I. xvi. 420 Whenever persuasions proved ineffectual, he had recourse to violence.

1819 Metropolis (ed. 2) I. 219 Lady Mildew had recourse to her aromatic vinegar: she was quite spasmodized.

1865 E. B. Tylor Res. Early Hist. Mankind ii. 18 Those who cannot speak, and must therefore have recourse to other means of communication.

1921 Times 14 June in Folklore (1922) 33 124 The Charans had decided to have recourse to the traditional method of bringing down the vengeance of Heaven..by burning an old woman alive.

1990 E. J. Howard Light Years 18 Her eyes did not stand up to all the reading she found herself having recourse to.

P2. to take (also † make or †make one's) recourse to (also †into) = to have recourse to at Phrases 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > recourse > have recourse to [verb (transitive)]

fang855

runOE

to take to ——?c1225

seeka1300

goc1390

to have (one's or a) recourse toc1405

recourse?a1425

suit1450

to take (also make or make one's) recourse to (also into)c1456

repairc1475

to fall to ——1490

recur1511

to take unto ——1553

flee1563

betake1590

retreat1650

to call on ——1721

devolve1744

to draw upon ——1800

to draw on ——a1817

c1456 R. Pecock Bk. Faith (Trin. Cambr.) (1909) 253 (MED) Thei himsilf myȝten holde in mynde..tho trouthis there writen And that bi recurse to be maad of hem into the seid writing.

?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1876) VI. 265 (MED) Y cownsayle that he take recourse to the wrytenges of Alcuinus.

1566 W. Painter Palace of Pleasure I. f. 208^v To make her recourse to teares.

1591 R. Bruce Serm. (1843) 241 We learned..to make our recourse to God.

1623 tr. A. Favyn Theater of Honour & Knight-hood vi. ix. 151 Pedro the Cruell, made recourse with his Treasures to the English.

1659 R. Brathwait Panthalia 179 No Stranger..makes recourse to our Cell..whom by the Rules and Constitutions of our Order, we are not bound to assist.

1706 tr. F. de la Calmette Riverius Reformatus ii. 291 You may take recourse also to Milk,..for that will mitigate the Blood.

1774 ‘A. Rediviv.’ Familiar Epist. 26 Upon a breach between two old acquaintances.., it is unmanly and injudicious to take recourse for the termination of differences to letters passed between them.

1800 B. Thompson tr. G. E. Lessing Emilia Galotti i. 9 She has taken recourse to books, which, I fear, will complete her malady.

1848 W. Pole tr. E. Alban High-pressure Steam Engine 185 I have sometimes surmounted the difficulty by making a fire in the chimney, but more frequently have been obliged to take recourse to more powerful means.

1913 Sat. Evening Post (Philadelphia) 22 Feb. 3/1 Gross inefficiency has made the..expense and uncertainty of litigation so great that people will suffer almost any bearable wrong rather than take ruinous recourse to the law.

1965 Listener 18 Nov. 795/1 As if lacking confidence in his own directorial inventiveness, Visconti takes recourse during one sequence to a modulated version of Fellini's style.

2003 Social Scientist 31 43 Without prostitutes, there was fear that the soldiers would take recourse to masturbation and homosexuality.

P3. Law. without recourse: a formula used by the drawer or endorser of a bill, note, etc., to disclaim liability in the case of non-payment.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > legal obligation > [phrase] > absence of liability

without recourse1773

1773 J. Erskine Inst. Law Scotl. II. iii. ii. 436 If the indorsee cannot make good his payment..he hath recourse..against the indorser... When therefore the indorser of a bill wants to be free from such recourse, he ought to subjoin to his indorsation the words without recourse.

1829 Rep. of Cases Argued & Determined in Superior Court New York (1833) 176 The goods being delivered, the defendants offered the note proposed to the factor,endorsed without recourse, which he refused to receive.

1878 M. D. Chalmers Digest of Law of Bills of Exchange iv. 97 It is held in America that an indorser ‘without recourse’ is responsible..e.g., where the bill is a forgery.

1918 Pacific Reporter 172 405/1 An indorser may qualify his indorsement with the words ‘without recourse’.

1995 R. Hussey Dict. Accounting (1999) 355 Without recourse (sans recours), words that appear on a bill of exchange to indicate that the holder has no recourse to the person from whom it was bought, if it is not paid.

Compounds

General attributive (in sense 4). Cf. non-recourse adj.

ΚΠ

1935 Law & Contemp. Probl. 2 203 The risk which the dealer had formerly assumed under the recourse agreement.

1959 Wisconsin Rapids Daily Tribune 22 Oct. 21/5 The law permits recourse loans in excess of $50,000 on all these commodities.

1967 Times Rev. Industry July 29/1 Two companies..do ‘recourse’ factoring. (This means omitting the credit insurance angle and having recourse to the client in the event of a bad debt.)

1994 Accountancy Sept. 23/2 It changed two more accounting policies—to provide for recourse risks and ‘own-book’ shortfall.

2003 D. L. Scott Wall St. Words (ed. 3) 305 A recourse loan places the borrower's personal assets at risk.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2009; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

recoursev.¹

Brit.

/rᵻˈkɔːs/, U.S.

/ˈriˌkɔrs/,

/riˈkɔrs/

Forms: see recourse n.¹

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: recourse n.¹

Etymology: < recourse n.¹ Compare Middle French recourir to have recourse (to) (see recur v.).

a. intransitive. To return or (occasionally) go (to a place). Now rare.In quot. ?a1425: to refer back to.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > aspects of travel > return > [verb (intransitive)]

to wend againeOE

i-cherrec1000

again-chareOE

again-comeOE

again-fareOE

again-goOE

eft-sithec1175

to turn againc1175

returna1325

attournec1386

turnc1390

recovera1393

repair?c1400

recourse?a1425

to go backc1425

resortc1425

revertc1475

renew1488

retour?1505

to make return1534

to turn back1538

retend1543

to come short home1548

regress1552

rejourna1556

revolt1567

revolve1587

repeal1596

recur1612

rewend1616

revene1656

to get back1664

to take back1674

?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 48 Causez of þise herniez is feblenez of þe vertue digestyue..in þe lyuer..And in þe apostemez ventose & aquous to which yt bihoueþ to recourse [?c1425 Paris turne aȝen; L. recurrere] for þe complement of þise.

a1500 Lancelot of Laik (1870) 1798 Out of this world when þow sal pas the cours, Fair well, I-wys! þow neuer shall Recours.

a1513 H. Bradshaw Lyfe St. Werburge (1521) i. xi. sig. d.ii^v The harte to the forest, recoursed certayne.

1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) II. 1152/1 The flame departyng and recoursing thrise ere the woode tooke strength..to consume hym.

1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. ix. 422 I recoursed backe in a Flemish Pink to Stockhollem.

1660 G. Mackenzie Aretina Contin. 428 I..recoursed immediately to the house of that old Baud, where I used to feast my lust at all occasions.

1849 ‘E. Warburton’ Mem. Prince Rupert & Cavaliers App. 534 All..advised his Highness to the Western Islands... in the East India ships' road homeward... We recoursed to the Western Islands.

1930 J. F. Dobie Coronado's Children xi. 213 Breyfogle coursed and recoursed away from and back to the mesquite.

1999 C. Whiting America's Forgotten Army ii. 60 Bonlieu..to which the local peasants recoursed after the summer heat..was held by a composite company of the 3rd Engineer Battalion.

†b. intransitive. To recur to the mind; to look back to an earlier time. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > memory > have in one's mind, remember [verb (intransitive)] > recur

to come back1523

rejounce1556

recourse1561

recurse1638

recur1651

the world > time > relative time > the past > [verb (intransitive)] > go back in time

recourse1561

to go back1587

to run up1609

to put (also set, turn, etc.) back the clock1623

recedea1681

amount1714

to put (also set, turn, etc.) the clock back1745

remount1777

mount1788

retrograde1797

to throw back1855

1561 Abp. M. Parker Corr. (1853) (modernized text) 158 St Hierome's rhetoric recourseth to my mind.

1590 E. Spenser Let. to Sir W. Raleigh in Faerie Queene sig. Pp2 A Poet thrusteth into the middest..and there recoursing to the thinges forepaste [etc.].

2. intransitive. To resort or turn to; to have recourse to.In quot. ?a1425 transitive (in passive).

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > recourse > have recourse to [verb (transitive)]

fang855

runOE

to take to ——?c1225

seeka1300

goc1390

to have (one's or a) recourse toc1405

recourse?a1425

suit1450

to take (also make or make one's) recourse to (also into)c1456

repairc1475

to fall to ——1490

recur1511

to take unto ——1553

flee1563

betake1590

retreat1650

to call on ——1721

devolve1744

to draw upon ——1800

to draw on ——a1817

?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 91 (MED) It is to be recoursed to trociscus of Aldaron & calidicon.

1587 J. Hooker tr. Giraldus Cambrensis Vaticinall Hist. Conquest Ireland ii. xxxii. 51/1 in Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) II Recoursing deuoutlie to the onlie refuge of humane saluation.

1606 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. (new ed.) ii. iii. 69 The Court re-courst to Lakes, to Springs, and Brooks.

a1670 J. Hacket Scrinia Reserata (1693) ii. 201 These dogmatists dare not recourse to Scripture.

1804 ‘Gabrielli’ Something Odd! II. 209 One or other of your personages are for ever recoursing to tears.

1852 Gen. Rep. on Public Instr. in Lower Provinces Bengal App. C. cv General blood-letting is seldem [sic] recoursed to.

1941 Harvard Jrnl. Asiatic Stud. 6 105 Should China refuse to enter into any negotiations..he would be justified in recoursing at once to coercive measures.

1973 Studia Islamica 81 All Islamic art has recoursed to and used the highly emotive words of the Qur'ān.

2002 Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 1 Feb. 18 True to the daft paradoxes of vanity, just when women are increasingly realising that grey, well-styled, should have its day, men are recoursing to groomed artifice as never before.

3. intransitive †To flow or stream into (obsolete). Also (in later use): to flow through. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming in > go or come into [verb (transitive)] > continuously or copiously

recourse1576

1576 T. Newton tr. L. Lemnie Touchstone of Complexions i. f. 21 ^v Man..hath also..externall spirites recoursing into his body and mynde.

1993 Mod. Lang. Stud. 23 12 Sorrentino effects an oceanic return to the river of ink recoursing through his art-eries.

Derivatives

† recoursing adj. Obsolete returning.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > backward movement > [adjective] > returning towards point of departure

returning1581

recoursingc1600

come-again1868

c1600 in H. W. Meikle Wks. W. Fowler (1914) I. 340 The swift recoursinge hayre.

1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. ii. 49 The wandring night was chased..by the recoursing day.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	recourse
释义	recoursen.¹ Brit. /rᵻˈkɔːs/, U.S. /ˈriˌkɔrs/, /riˈkɔrs/ Forms: late Middle English recors, late Middle English recorse, late Middle English recource, late Middle English recowrce, late Middle English recurse, late Middle English risorses (plural, transmission error), late Middle English–1500s recours, late Middle English– recourse, 1500s resourse; Scottish pre-1700 recours, pre-1700 recurs, pre-1700 1700s– recourse. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French recours. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman recurs, recourse, Anglo-Norman and Middle French recours (French recours ) resort, recourse, remedy, source of support, refuge (13th cent.), (legal) appeal (14th cent.), opportunity, passage to return (15th cent. or earlier), (legal) claim (15th cent.) < classical Latin recursus action of running back to one's starting point, withdrawal, means of retreat, ebbing (of the sea), doubling back (of a river or path) on its course, return, reversion, in post-classical Latin also appeal (6th cent.), concourse of people (11th cent.), right of recovery (13th cent.), resort (1385, 1440 in British sources) < recurrere recur v. + -tus , suffix forming verbal nouns. Compare Catalan recurs (15th cent.), Spanish recurso (15th cent.), Portuguese recurso (15th cent.), Italian ricorso (a1540). Compare course n.In to have recourse (see Phrases 1) after Anglo-Norman aver recours (13th cent.). The form resourse in quot. 1579 at sense 3a probably results from association with resort n. (compare resort n. 4a). I. Senses relating to resorting or turning to. 1. An act or the action of resorting or turning to (also †unto) a person or thing for help, advice, protection, etc.Recorded earliest in to have one's recourse to at Phrases 1. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > recourse > [noun] > that to which one has recourse chevisancec1330 recoursec1405 resorta1413 refugec1425 shift1523 rescours1533 reserve1644 c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Melibeus (Hengwrt) (2003) §472 Ye shul retourne or haue youre recours [v.r. cours] to the Iuge þ^t hath the Iurisdiccioun vp on hem. a1413 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (Pierpont Morgan) (1881) ii. l. 1352 To Pandarus alwey was his recours. a1475 ( S. Scrope tr. Dicts & Sayings Philosophers (Bodl. 943) (1999) 74 (MED) Were not the recourse to thi mynde more honeste to delyuer him a-noon? 1529 T. More Dialogue Heresyes iv, in Wks. 270/1 It minished the necessitie of mannes recourse vnto god, for calling helpe of his grace. 1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 761 Being farre of from the lawe and recourse to iustice. a1639 H. Wotton View Life & Death Duke of Buckingham in Reliquiæ Wottonianæ (1651) 118 Thus died this great Peer..in a time of great recourse unto him and dependance upon him. 1651 J. Saint-Amard tr. F. Micanzio Life Father Paul sig. D3^v This is all the remedy that can be had, that such as are so narrowly inquisited may in their recourse to Rome with their commissions finde Justice. 1738 tr. C. Rollin Anc. Hist. (ed. 2) I. Pref. p. xxiv This perpetual recourse to the Deity, is one of the principal foundations of religion. 1775 J. W. Fletcher Last Check Antinom. iii. 37 A heart-felt, ceaseless recourse to the blood, merits, and righteousness of Christ. 1845 E. Holmes Life Mozart 13 [Mozart] having commenced composition without recourse to the clavier. 1871 G. H. Napheys Prevention & Cure Dis. i. v. 151 Our first recourse is to the windows. 1926 J. Devanny Butcher Shop x. 98 He chuckled morosely at each repetition of recourse to the bottle on the makeshift table beside his bunk. 1949 N. Mitford Love in Cold Climate ii. vii. 283 Those who, like Mrs Heathery, believe all they see in print without recourse to past experience. 1992 J. M. Kelly Short Hist. Western Legal Theory vii. 300 A public law between nations, which would decide disputes in a civilized manner, and not by the barbarous recourse to war. 2. a. Access or admission to a place; opportunity to resort or turn to (also unto) a person or thing. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement towards a thing, person, or position > [noun] > coming into the presence of or contact with > power or opportunity of > specific to a person recourse1438 1438 in O. T. Bruce Liber Cartarum Prioratus St. Andree (1841) 430 Sen Ovirmalgask is fundin a tenandry in yhour awn court of the fornemmyt lordschip that I mycht have fre recours therto. 1445 in A. H. Thompson Visitations Relig. Houses Diocese Lincoln (1919) II. 116 Suffre no seculere persones..to hafe any accesse or recourse to your said monastery ne to any singulere persone ther of. a1500 tr. Thomas à Kempis De Imitatione Christi (Trin. Dublin) (1893) 114 (MED) Moyses at all tymes had recourse to þe tabernacle for doutes & questions. 1541 T. Elyot Image of Gouernance xiv. f. 24^v This familyar and secrete recourse that he had to the emperour. 1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III iii. v. 104 To giue notice, that no maner of person At any tyme haue recourse vnto the Princes. View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare Two Gentlemen of Verona (1623) iii. i. 112 The doores be lockt,..That no man hath recourse to her by night. View more context for this quotation ?1686 J. Evelyn Let. in C. Marburg Mr. Pepys & Mr. Evelyn (1935) 140 I consent that Workemen etc may at all times have recourse to y^e Mast-docks. 1727 Altar of Love 25 No Recourse could be had to anyone but M. Junius Pera. 1775 S. Johnson Taxation no Tyranny 26 They are more secluded from easy recourse to national judicature. 1807 R. Cumberland Mem. II. 182 So long as she could have recourse to her horse, she made a struggle for fresh air and exercise. 1857 Times 10 Aug. 8/1 He had had special recourse there so lately as the Saturday previous to the murder. 1933 E. W. Allen Position Foreign States ii. c i. 150 If the plaintiff had a claim against Haiti, he had no recourse to the courts of France. 1950 Pacific Hist. Rev. 19 406 Probably this was the only group of..Chinese anywhere who had no recourse to newspapers in their own language. 1998 Independent 7 Aug. ii. 3/8 Victims of spam attacks in Britain have no such recourse to the law—yet. †b. Dealings; communication; an instance of this. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in specific manner > alternating or reciprocating motion > [noun] > backwards and forwards recourse1475 reciprocation1646 backwarding and forwarding1765 scissoring1902 1475 in 3rd Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1872) App. 314/1 in Parl. Papers (C. 673) XXXIII. 337 Hit is byhowthefull, convenyent, and necessarye, for the gret and trewe confirmacion of pes and welthe, and recowrce as bytwynne yowe and us, [etc.]. 1624 T. Heywood Γυναικεῖον iii. 130 Vpon some certaine feastiuall daies there was free recourse betwixt the citisens of [the cities of Miletum and Minus]. 1677 W. Hubbard Narr. Troubles with Indians New-Eng. 125 We feared we should be discovered by reason of the frequent recourse between them by certain Squaws (who have mutual recourse). 1719 in Colonial Rec. Pennsylvania (1852) III. 86 That they expected to have free recourse for the peple amongst the English Plantations. 1765 C. Johnstone Chrysal IV. ii. vi. 193 The evils, which such a recourse between individuals in the same state, must be attended with. 1868 Trial of Andrew Johnson (U.S. Govt. Printing Office) II. 251 The irresponsibility of the sovereign is beautifully reconciled with the liberty of the subject, by holding the ministry responsible..But what is to be our condition, with no recourse between the two, to either king or minister? 3. a. Habitual or usual visiting of a particular place. Now chiefly historical. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabiting temporarily > haunting or resorting > [noun] sokenc1000 hauntc1330 hauntingc1400 resortc1425 resorting?a1439 recoursea1456 repairc1480 frequentinga1555 frequentation1585 frequentance1593 frequent1631 frequency1642 frequentage1814 a1456 tr. Secreta Secret. (Marmaduke, Ashm. 59) (1977) 218 (MED) Þe cuntrey is gode þat haþe gret recourse of marchandes, with þeire marchandyse. 1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. ccxxix. 306 All their chefe recours was in France, for they called the realme of Fraunce their chambre. 1553 R. Eden tr. S. Münster Treat. Newe India sig. Fiij^v Whether the marchauntes & straungers, haue their continual recourse as to y^e burse or strete. 1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. July 77 Here han the holy Faunes resourse. 1603 R. Knolles Gen. Hist. Turkes 212 It yeelded them a great profit by the recourse of devout Christians travelling thither. 1623 W. Gouge Serm. Extent God's Provid. §15 This withdrawing chamber was next to his bed-chamber. He had oft recourse thither. a1657 W. Burton Comm. Antoninus his Itinerary (1658) 70 They had their place of recourse or rendevouz. 1705 in W. S. Perry Hist. Coll. Amer. Colonial Church: Virginia (1870) I. 165 There is such a recourse of the Clergy to Gov^r Nicholson's Lodgings. 1937 J. J. McCadden Educ. in Pennsylvania 1801–35 i. 14 It provided a meeting and reading room for stockholders..and was a place of recourse for educated strangers passing through the city. 2003 C. P. Graves in S. Lawrence Archaeologies of Brit. 46 A walk along the town walls near Pilgrim Street in the 1730s..was not merely a place of recourse for an emerging 'polite' town society. †b. Gathering of people, esp. at a particular time; a crowd. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement towards a thing, person, or position > [noun] > towards each other or convergence > of numbers of people concoursec1384 repairc1390 confluence?a1475 resort1485 recourse1516 concursion1533 affluence1579 afflux1603 conflux1614 concurrence1632 flocking1669 run1792 1516 St. Bridget (Pynson) in J. H. Blunt Mirror our Lady (1873) p. lvii In suche grete recourse of the people the Body was caryed to the monastery of Seynt Laurence. 1544 J. Bale Brefe Chron. Syr I. Oldecastell 39 b That ye cause this condemnacyon..to be publyshed..by youre curates and paryshe Priestes, soche tyme as they shall haue most recourse of people. 1599 Warning for Faire Women i. 448 Beside, Recourse of servants and of passengers Might have been jealous of our conference. 1656 Duchess of Newcastle True Relation in Natures Pictures 373 Their customes were..to ride in their Coaches about the Streets to see the concourse and recourse of People. 1844 C. J. Lever Tom Burke II. lvi. 53 I turned into the wood at the first road to the right, where there is least recourse of people. †c. The action of retiring to rest. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > sleep > bed related to sleep or rest > [noun] > action of going to bed or lying down lying?c1225 bed-ganga1300 bed-gatec1440 down-lying1534 recourse1590 retirement1679 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene iii. ix. sig. Ll4^v Her crased helth, her late recourse to rest. †d. A visit; an occasion of going. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > travel > aspects of travel > a journey > [noun] > a visit to a place recourse1632 visit1800 descent1879 1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. viii. 369 The chiefe Mosque too in which..[he] and I had three sundry recourses accompanied with our Moorish hoste. 4. Law (originally Scots Law). The right to demand financial compensation; esp. the right of the holder of a bill of exchange to claim on the drawer and endorser if an acceptor refuses to honour the bill. ΘΚΠ society > law > legal right > rights to do or use something > [noun] > right to pecuniary compensation recourse1462 regress1467 relief1927 1462 Cal. Edinb. Reg. House Charters Suppl. 9 Nov. Than the party plenȝeand sal have recours and persew thar party makand defaut. 1688 Earl of Galloway's Family Papers 22 Feb. My lord [is] to have recourse at the said tenents for what will mak up the [defective] housses. 1722 W. Forbes Inst. Law Scotl. I. i. 191 If the Possessor of a Bill neglect in due Time to present it, in Order to Acceptance..he loses his Recourse against the Drawer and Indorser, if the Person drawn upon, or Accepter, do in the Interim prove insolvent. 1747 Acts Sederunt Scotl. (1753) II. 77 The question..Whether a bill of Exchange..must be protested upon the..last Day of Grace..in order to afford Recourse against the Drawer. a1768 J. Erskine Inst. Law Scotl. (1773) II. iii. ii. §34 The possessor of a bill who has not used exact diligence, should lose his recourse against the drawer. 1838 W. Bell Dict. Law Scotl. 827 Recourse is the right competent to an assignee or disponee, under the warrandice of the transaction, to recur on the vender or cedent for relief, in case of eviction or of defects inferring warrandice. 1879 Times 12 Dec. Holders of ‘agency’ bills would have no recourse. 1927 W. M. Gloag & R. C. Henderson Introd. Law Scotl. 288 The holder of a bill..must, in order to preserve recourse against the drawer or prior indorsers, protest it either in the case of non-acceptance or non-payment. 1991 A. G. Guest Chalmers's Bills of Exchange (ed. 14) 357 On non-acceptance the holder has an ‘immediate right of recourse’, that is, resort to the drawer and indorsers. 5. A thing, procedure, or person resorted or turned to for help, advice, protection, etc.; source of assistance or support. ΚΠ c1475 tr. A. Chartier Quadrilogue (Univ. Coll. Oxf.) (1974) 171 (MED) The peeple..shulde vnder you dwelle hole and sounde..for to haue recours in peruerse fortune. 1544 Exhort. vnto Prayer sig. A.ii Forasmvche as prayer is the veray true meane..wherby..we may..haue a recourse and a refuge for helpe. 1612 M. Drayton Poly-olbion x. 158 Cluyd doth quickly call Her great recourse, to come and gard her. 1677 T. D'Urfey Fond Husband iv. iv. 45 Finding something in my Vertue that shook his designs, his recourse was to make you jealous of me and Rashley. 1700 J. Dryden tr. G. Boccaccio Sigismonda & Guiscardo in Fables 139 Thy little Care to mend my Widow'd Nights Has forc'd me to recourse of Marriage-Rites. 1774 J. Bryant New Syst. II. 142 This is their usual recourse, when they are hard pressed by inconsistencies. 1854 H. H. Milman Hist. Lat. Christianity III. vi. ii. 33 The Greeks..in despair of maintaining their ground..had vainly sought recourse in craft. 1872 S. Ferguson Congal v. 130 Thy railing words, injurious King, I hold But as the womanish recourse of tongue-puissant scold. 1923 R. Lynd in Observer 1 Apr. 7/7 Games are the last recourse to those who do not know how to idle. 1953 D. Eisenhower Let. 8 May in W. S. Churchill & D. Eisenhower Corr. (1990) 54 We have no recourse except to continue the steady buildup of..Western economic and military strength. 1990 J. Halperin Novelists in their Youth iii. 112 For several days, having no other recourse, he lived on peanuts bought from a street vendor. †II. Senses relating to movement or movement back. 6. a. A running, coming, or flowing back; a return. Also: opportunity to or means of return. (literal and figurative.) Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > backward movement > [noun] > return towards point of departure returna1393 returning?c1400 recoursec1405 regress1478 reverture1495 retraira1500 regression1598 reflexa1613 recursion1616 revolture1633 retroition1651 hark back1798 recover1818 the world > life > the body > vascular system > circulation > [noun] > types of circulation recoursea1545 refluencea1592 refluxion1598 refluency1615 reflux1630 fluid vein1817 microcirculation1955 shunting1961 c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Squire's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 67 Vn to my firste I wol haue my recours [v.r. retours]. 1483 ( tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage of Soul (Caxton) v. xiii. f. Ciiij These ben thre glorious recours of this noble sonne. a1545 Deth Edwarde IV in J. Skelton Certayne Bks. (c1563) 16 What ordeyned god to be terestryall Without recours to the erth of nature? 1555 E. Bonner Profitable & Necessarye Doctryne C The Excourse of hym is even unto the helles, and the recourse of him is unto the seate of God. 1591 R. Wilmot Tancred & Gismund ii. i. sig. B3 How time once past, may neuer haue recourse. 1644 J. Bulwer Chirologia 31 The Hand directed towards the Auditours..maintaining its gravity with a swift recourse. 1668 N. Culpeper & A. Cole tr. T. Bartholin Anat. (new ed.) Man. i. i. 302 The recourse of the Blood into the Heart is hindred. b. A periodic return or recurrence. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > time > frequency > [noun] > being periodical or regularity > a periodical recurrence recourse1584 1584 R. Scot Discouerie Witchcraft viii. i. 157 Some Siloah.., whereinto at certeine ordinarie recourses of times sicke folke maie plunge themselues. 1659 J. Milton Considerations touching Hirelings 61 The seaventh day is..a convenient recourse of worship in fit season. a1677 I. Barrow Serm. Several Occasions (1678) 261 The constant rising of the Sun upon us,..the recourse of temperate Seasons. 1712 R. Mead tr. Power & Infl. Sun & Moon ii. 47 Ulcers..have their periodical Recourse of Humors. 7. a. Movement, flow; a course, passage, or path to or into something. Also in extended use. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > [noun] > course or direction of movement runeeOE runningOE pathOE wayOE tracea1300 coursec1380 coursec1380 racec1390 recourse?c1425 situation1517 journey?a1560 track1565 roadway1600 career?1614 direction1665 by-run1674 sensea1679 meith1726 heading1841 the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > recourse > [noun] recourse?c1425 resort?a1439 recurrence1697 resource1720 resorting1778 the world > matter > liquid > liquid flow > action or process of flowing > [noun] > movement of flow > in particular direction recoursec1540 ?c1425 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Cambr. Ii.3.21) (1886) i. met. ii. l. 2 Which sterre in heuene vseth wandrynge recourses [?c1400 BL Add. 10340 risorses] .I.-flyt by diuerse speeres. a1450 York Plays (1885) 237 (MED) Ye nedis non othir recours to craue. c1450 ( J. Walton tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Linc. Cathedral 103) 216 (MED) This sotill mynde..the cercle of the sterres..With his recours he passeth all infere. c1540 A. Borde Bk. for to Lerne A iv b That some freshe spryng haue a recourse to noryshe and to refreshe the sayd standynge waters. 1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde ii. ix. f. 83 I doo not vnderstande howe soo many and soo great ryuers, may haue recourse into this north sea. 1576 A. Fleming tr. Cicero in Panoplie Epist. 41 All times are..replenished with recourse of fresh calamities. 1620 G. Markham Farwell to Husbandry xiv. 116 The second dryed vp by the ayre which hath free recourse into it. 1653 W. Harvey Anat. Exercitations (1673) 61 You shall quickly see the distance betwixt the heart and the ligature emptied, so that you must needs affirm the recourse of blood. 1727 Char. at Hot-well Ded. p. xvii That Person who was so highly instrumental towards the great Recourse to Bath. 1761 J. Chandler Treat. Dis. called Cold (ed. 2) 63 The free recourse of the blood..being intercepted by constrictions. b. Ebb and flow of the tide. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > tide > type of tide > [noun] > ebb and flow ebb and flooda1000 tidea1500 recourse1549 flux and reflux1612 1549 H. Latimer Fyrste Serm. before Kynges Grace sig. Aiij As it is vnpossible that a litell ryuer shulde receyue y^e recourse of the mayne sea w^t in his brymmes, [etc.]. 1592 N. Breton C'tess Penbrooke's Love (1879) 24/1 Thou makest the tides to take their due recourse. a1642 R. Callis Reading of Statute of Sewers (1647) i. 27 Not accounted grounds left or gained from the sea, because the sea hath daily her recourse thereon. c. Medicine. An accumulation or collection (of matter). Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > suppuration > [noun] > a suppuration gatheringc1000 recourse1559 pinswell1591 bealinga1605 suppuration1801 1559 P. Morwyng tr. C. Gesner Treasure of Euonymus 83 Aqua vitæ simple and alone..breaketh an impostume or recours of matter. Phrases P1. to have (†one's or †a) recourse to: to resort to, to need to turn to. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > recourse > have recourse to [verb (transitive)] fang855 runOE to take to ——?c1225 seeka1300 goc1390 to have (one's or a) recourse toc1405 recourse?a1425 suit1450 to take (also make or make one's) recourse to (also into)c1456 repairc1475 to fall to ——1490 recur1511 to take unto ——1553 flee1563 betake1590 retreat1650 to call on ——1721 devolve1744 to draw upon ——1800 to draw on ——a1817 c1405Haue youre recours to [see sense 1]. a1430 in M. Sellers York Memorandum Bk. (1915) II. 180 (MED) Than thay four arbitruors suld hafe recource to the mair and consell of the chambre. 1484 W. Caxton tr. Ordre of Chyualry (1926) iii. 39 The feble and lasse..haue recours to the grete. ?1504 W. Atkinson tr. Thomas à Kempis Ful Treat. Imytacyon Cryste (Pynson) iii. xliii. 232 Moyses euer had a recours to the tabernacle of god for doubtis & questyons. a1564 Q. Kennedy Breif Tracteit in 2 Eucharistic Tracts (1964) 112/5 Mennis saluacione is to haue recours to the doctrine of the kirk of God. 1611 M. Smith in Bible (King James) Transl. Pref. ⁋11 They had recourse at the last, to this shift. 1650 T. Fuller Pisgah-sight of Palestine ii. xi. 229 In this straight he hath his recourse by prayer to God. 1707 tr. P. Le Lorrain de Vallemont Curiosities in Husbandry & Gardening 22 They who have a liking to that sort of Compositions, may have recourse to Dornavius in his Amphitheatrum Sapientiæ. 1776 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall I. xvi. 420 Whenever persuasions proved ineffectual, he had recourse to violence. 1819 Metropolis (ed. 2) I. 219 Lady Mildew had recourse to her aromatic vinegar: she was quite spasmodized. 1865 E. B. Tylor Res. Early Hist. Mankind ii. 18 Those who cannot speak, and must therefore have recourse to other means of communication. 1921 Times 14 June in Folklore (1922) 33 124 The Charans had decided to have recourse to the traditional method of bringing down the vengeance of Heaven..by burning an old woman alive. 1990 E. J. Howard Light Years 18 Her eyes did not stand up to all the reading she found herself having recourse to. P2. to take (also † make or †make one's) recourse to (also †into) = to have recourse to at Phrases 1. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > recourse > have recourse to [verb (transitive)] fang855 runOE to take to ——?c1225 seeka1300 goc1390 to have (one's or a) recourse toc1405 recourse?a1425 suit1450 to take (also make or make one's) recourse to (also into)c1456 repairc1475 to fall to ——1490 recur1511 to take unto ——1553 flee1563 betake1590 retreat1650 to call on ——1721 devolve1744 to draw upon ——1800 to draw on ——a1817 c1456 R. Pecock Bk. Faith (Trin. Cambr.) (1909) 253 (MED) Thei himsilf myȝten holde in mynde..tho trouthis there writen And that bi recurse to be maad of hem into the seid writing. ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1876) VI. 265 (MED) Y cownsayle that he take recourse to the wrytenges of Alcuinus. 1566 W. Painter Palace of Pleasure I. f. 208^v To make her recourse to teares. 1591 R. Bruce Serm. (1843) 241 We learned..to make our recourse to God. 1623 tr. A. Favyn Theater of Honour & Knight-hood vi. ix. 151 Pedro the Cruell, made recourse with his Treasures to the English. 1659 R. Brathwait Panthalia 179 No Stranger..makes recourse to our Cell..whom by the Rules and Constitutions of our Order, we are not bound to assist. 1706 tr. F. de la Calmette Riverius Reformatus ii. 291 You may take recourse also to Milk,..for that will mitigate the Blood. 1774 ‘A. Rediviv.’ Familiar Epist. 26 Upon a breach between two old acquaintances.., it is unmanly and injudicious to take recourse for the termination of differences to letters passed between them. 1800 B. Thompson tr. G. E. Lessing Emilia Galotti i. 9 She has taken recourse to books, which, I fear, will complete her malady. 1848 W. Pole tr. E. Alban High-pressure Steam Engine 185 I have sometimes surmounted the difficulty by making a fire in the chimney, but more frequently have been obliged to take recourse to more powerful means. 1913 Sat. Evening Post (Philadelphia) 22 Feb. 3/1 Gross inefficiency has made the..expense and uncertainty of litigation so great that people will suffer almost any bearable wrong rather than take ruinous recourse to the law. 1965 Listener 18 Nov. 795/1 As if lacking confidence in his own directorial inventiveness, Visconti takes recourse during one sequence to a modulated version of Fellini's style. 2003 Social Scientist 31 43 Without prostitutes, there was fear that the soldiers would take recourse to masturbation and homosexuality. P3. Law. without recourse: a formula used by the drawer or endorser of a bill, note, etc., to disclaim liability in the case of non-payment. ΘΚΠ society > law > legal obligation > [phrase] > absence of liability without recourse1773 1773 J. Erskine Inst. Law Scotl. II. iii. ii. 436 If the indorsee cannot make good his payment..he hath recourse..against the indorser... When therefore the indorser of a bill wants to be free from such recourse, he ought to subjoin to his indorsation the words without recourse. 1829 Rep. of Cases Argued & Determined in Superior Court New York (1833) 176 The goods being delivered, the defendants offered the note proposed to the factor,endorsed without recourse, which he refused to receive. 1878 M. D. Chalmers Digest of Law of Bills of Exchange iv. 97 It is held in America that an indorser ‘without recourse’ is responsible..e.g., where the bill is a forgery. 1918 Pacific Reporter 172 405/1 An indorser may qualify his indorsement with the words ‘without recourse’. 1995 R. Hussey Dict. Accounting (1999) 355 Without recourse (sans recours), words that appear on a bill of exchange to indicate that the holder has no recourse to the person from whom it was bought, if it is not paid. Compounds General attributive (in sense 4). Cf. non-recourse adj. ΚΠ 1935 Law & Contemp. Probl. 2 203 The risk which the dealer had formerly assumed under the recourse agreement. 1959 Wisconsin Rapids Daily Tribune 22 Oct. 21/5 The law permits recourse loans in excess of $50,000 on all these commodities. 1967 Times Rev. Industry July 29/1 Two companies..do ‘recourse’ factoring. (This means omitting the credit insurance angle and having recourse to the client in the event of a bad debt.) 1994 Accountancy Sept. 23/2 It changed two more accounting policies—to provide for recourse risks and ‘own-book’ shortfall. 2003 D. L. Scott Wall St. Words (ed. 3) 305 A recourse loan places the borrower's personal assets at risk. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2009; most recently modified version published online June 2022). † recoursen.² Forms: 1500s recours. Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item; probably modelled on a French lexical item. Etymon: rescours n.¹ Etymology: Variant of rescours n.¹, probably after Middle French recousse, variant of rescousse rescous n., although perhaps also by association with recourse n.¹ Compare also Anglo-Norman recours , recourse , variants of rescous rescours n.¹ Compare recourse v.² Scottish. Obsolete. rare. Rescue. ΚΠ 1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1903) II. iii. xx. 29 To bring agane the residew of þare armye to þare recours. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2009; most recently modified version published online December 2020). recoursev.¹ Brit. /rᵻˈkɔːs/, U.S. /ˈriˌkɔrs/, /riˈkɔrs/ Forms: see recourse n.¹ Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: recourse n.¹ Etymology: < recourse n.¹ Compare Middle French recourir to have recourse (to) (see recur v.). 1. a. intransitive. To return or (occasionally) go (to a place). Now rare.In quot. ?a1425: to refer back to. ΘΚΠ society > travel > aspects of travel > return > [verb (intransitive)] to wend againeOE i-cherrec1000 again-chareOE again-comeOE again-fareOE again-goOE eft-sithec1175 to turn againc1175 returna1325 attournec1386 turnc1390 recovera1393 repair?c1400 recourse?a1425 to go backc1425 resortc1425 revertc1475 renew1488 retour?1505 to make return1534 to turn back1538 retend1543 to come short home1548 regress1552 rejourna1556 revolt1567 revolve1587 repeal1596 recur1612 rewend1616 revene1656 to get back1664 to take back1674 ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 48 Causez of þise herniez is feblenez of þe vertue digestyue..in þe lyuer..And in þe apostemez ventose & aquous to which yt bihoueþ to recourse [?c1425 Paris turne aȝen; L. recurrere] for þe complement of þise. a1500 Lancelot of Laik (1870) 1798 Out of this world when þow sal pas the cours, Fair well, I-wys! þow neuer shall Recours. a1513 H. Bradshaw Lyfe St. Werburge (1521) i. xi. sig. d.ii^v The harte to the forest, recoursed certayne. 1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) II. 1152/1 The flame departyng and recoursing thrise ere the woode tooke strength..to consume hym. 1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. ix. 422 I recoursed backe in a Flemish Pink to Stockhollem. 1660 G. Mackenzie Aretina Contin. 428 I..recoursed immediately to the house of that old Baud, where I used to feast my lust at all occasions. 1849 ‘E. Warburton’ Mem. Prince Rupert & Cavaliers App. 534 All..advised his Highness to the Western Islands... in the East India ships' road homeward... We recoursed to the Western Islands. 1930 J. F. Dobie Coronado's Children xi. 213 Breyfogle coursed and recoursed away from and back to the mesquite. 1999 C. Whiting America's Forgotten Army ii. 60 Bonlieu..to which the local peasants recoursed after the summer heat..was held by a composite company of the 3rd Engineer Battalion. †b. intransitive. To recur to the mind; to look back to an earlier time. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > memory > have in one's mind, remember [verb (intransitive)] > recur to come back1523 rejounce1556 recourse1561 recurse1638 recur1651 the world > time > relative time > the past > [verb (intransitive)] > go back in time recourse1561 to go back1587 to run up1609 to put (also set, turn, etc.) back the clock1623 recedea1681 amount1714 to put (also set, turn, etc.) the clock back1745 remount1777 mount1788 retrograde1797 to throw back1855 1561 Abp. M. Parker Corr. (1853) (modernized text) 158 St Hierome's rhetoric recourseth to my mind. 1590 E. Spenser Let. to Sir W. Raleigh in Faerie Queene sig. Pp2 A Poet thrusteth into the middest..and there recoursing to the thinges forepaste [etc.]. 2. intransitive. To resort or turn to; to have recourse to.In quot. ?a1425 transitive (in passive). ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > recourse > have recourse to [verb (transitive)] fang855 runOE to take to ——?c1225 seeka1300 goc1390 to have (one's or a) recourse toc1405 recourse?a1425 suit1450 to take (also make or make one's) recourse to (also into)c1456 repairc1475 to fall to ——1490 recur1511 to take unto ——1553 flee1563 betake1590 retreat1650 to call on ——1721 devolve1744 to draw upon ——1800 to draw on ——a1817 ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 91 (MED) It is to be recoursed to trociscus of Aldaron & calidicon. 1587 J. Hooker tr. Giraldus Cambrensis Vaticinall Hist. Conquest Ireland ii. xxxii. 51/1 in Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) II Recoursing deuoutlie to the onlie refuge of humane saluation. 1606 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. (new ed.) ii. iii. 69 The Court re-courst to Lakes, to Springs, and Brooks. a1670 J. Hacket Scrinia Reserata (1693) ii. 201 These dogmatists dare not recourse to Scripture. 1804 ‘Gabrielli’ Something Odd! II. 209 One or other of your personages are for ever recoursing to tears. 1852 Gen. Rep. on Public Instr. in Lower Provinces Bengal App. C. cv General blood-letting is seldem [sic] recoursed to. 1941 Harvard Jrnl. Asiatic Stud. 6 105 Should China refuse to enter into any negotiations..he would be justified in recoursing at once to coercive measures. 1973 Studia Islamica 81 All Islamic art has recoursed to and used the highly emotive words of the Qur'ān. 2002 Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 1 Feb. 18 True to the daft paradoxes of vanity, just when women are increasingly realising that grey, well-styled, should have its day, men are recoursing to groomed artifice as never before. 3. intransitive †To flow or stream into (obsolete). Also (in later use): to flow through. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming in > go or come into [verb (transitive)] > continuously or copiously recourse1576 1576 T. Newton tr. L. Lemnie Touchstone of Complexions i. f. 21 ^v Man..hath also..externall spirites recoursing into his body and mynde. 1993 Mod. Lang. Stud. 23 12 Sorrentino effects an oceanic return to the river of ink recoursing through his art-eries. Derivatives † recoursing adj. Obsolete returning. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > backward movement > [adjective] > returning towards point of departure returning1581 recoursingc1600 come-again1868 c1600 in H. W. Meikle Wks. W. Fowler (1914) I. 340 The swift recoursinge hayre. 1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. ii. 49 The wandring night was chased..by the recoursing day. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † recoursev.² Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item; probably modelled on a French lexical item. Etymon: rescours v. Etymology: Variant of rescours v., probably after Middle French recourre, variant of rescourre (see rescue v.). Compare recourse n.² Scottish. Obsolete. transitive. To rescue. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > rescue or deliverance > rescue or deliver (from) [verb (transitive)] areddec885 leeseOE reddOE winc1220 deliver?c1225 ridc1225 quita1250 betellc1275 casta1300 to cast outa1300 liverc1330 rescuec1330 wrechec1330 borrowc1350 to put out of ——c1350 to bring awaya1400 redea1400 wreakc1400 rescourec1425 rescousa1450 savec1480 relue1483 salue1484 redeem1488 recovera1500 redressa1500 eschewc1500 rescours1511 to pull (also snatch) out of the fire1526 recourse1533 withtakec1540 redeem1549 vindicate1568 retire1578 repair1591 reprieve1605 to bring off1609 1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1901) I. ii. ix. 161 Manilius was haistelie recoursit be ane weyng of latynis. c1600 in Balfour's Practicks (1754) 638 Gif..ony ship or vessel to be takin be the enemies, and thairefter..to be recoursit and takin agane be ony of our soverane lord's lieges. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2009; most recently modified version published online September 2020). < n.¹c1405n.²1533v.¹?a1425v.²1533
随便看	source code source data source document source language source material source program source rock source study source tree source-critical source-criticism source-hunter source-hunting sourcecritical sourcecriticism sourced sourcehunter sourcehunting sourceless sources sourcing sourcomplexioned sourcrout sourcroutish sourd

recoursen.1

Phrases

Compounds

† recoursen.2

recoursev.1

Derivatives

† recoursev.2

recoursen.¹

† recoursen.²

recoursev.¹

† recoursev.²