redundancyn.

Brit.

/rᵻˈdʌnd(ə)nsi/, U.S.

/rəˈdənd(ə)nsi/,

/riˈdənd(ə)nsi/

Forms: 1600s redundancie, 1600s– redundancy.

Origin: Either (i) a borrowing from Latin. Or (ii) formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: Latin redundantia ; redundant adj., -ancy suffix.

Etymology: Either < classical Latin redundantia redundance n. (compare -y suffix³, -ancy suffix), or < redundant adj.: see -ancy suffix. Compare Spanish redundancia (16th cent.), Portuguese redundância (1589), Italian ridondanza (a1459 as redundanzia ). Compare earlier redundance n.

1. The state or quality of being redundant; superfluity; (esp. in later use) unnecessariness. Also: a case or instance of this.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > excessive amount or degree > [noun] > excess, redundancy, or superfluity

un-i-fohOE

surfeita1393

superfluitya1398

over-micklea1400

overmucha1400

nimiety1542

superfluous1552

redundance1572

overflowing1574

overflush1581

overflow1589

overmeasure1591

redundancy1601

a too-much1604

pleonasm1616

overfloat1619

overmuchnessa1637

supernumerariness1652

plusa1721

supervacaneousness1730

supersaturate1860

too-muchness1875

1601 J. Deacon & J. Walker Summarie Answere to Darel i. 44 These your published signes, they doe ebbe and flowe with the Moone; hauing sometimes their redundancie, and sometimes their diminution.

1601–2 W. Fulbecke Parallele or Conf. Law i. 74 There is in them me thinketh great redundancie of wordes, which might wel be spared.

1637 B. Jonson Discov. 139 But where there is redundancy both the blood and juice are faulty.

1678 R. Cudworth tr. Aristotle in True Intellect. Syst. Universe i. iv. 375 A Love of Redundancy and Overflowing Fulness, delighting to communicate it self.

1706 W. Walsh Let. 20 July in A. Pope Wks. (1737) V. 49 The redundancy of Wit..is not what ever pleases the best judges.

1765 Museum Rusticum 4 14 Such trees as run into wood, whose redundancy must be moderated before they will throw out any bearing branches.

1821 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto IV cxvii. 129 I'm sensible redundancy is wrong, But could not for the muse of me put less in't.

1875 A. Helps Social Pressure xiv. 207 I can perceive defects and redundancies in his way of treating them.

1917 Biometrika 11 424 If we compare Type VI against the observed, we find a redundancy of women just below 30.

1959 C. Ogburn Marauders (1960) ii. 44 From Sam I learned that I had volunteered for that ‘dangerous and hazardous mission’... I scarcely noticed the characteristic military redundancy. (How the hell could a mission be dangerous without being hazardous?)

1969 Newark (Ohio) Advocate & Amer. Tribune 20 Sept. 13/3 To drill post-pubescents in the knowledge of sex is an exercise in redundancy.

2007 Evening Standard (Nexis) 11 Nov. a43 It is spectacular in its redundancy, with pinnacles and carvings with no purpose but to impress.

†2. That which is redundant; the surplus. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > excessive amount or degree > [noun] > excess, redundancy, or superfluity > that which is superfluous

superfluec1400

corollary1603

redundancy1612

excessive1644

gash1937

1612 S. Daniel First Pt. Hist. Eng. ii. 76 The Normans..with their promiscuous ingendring..were forced to vnburthen themselues on other countries... And out of this redundancie, Roul, or Rou, a great Commaunder amongst them, furnished a robustious powre.

1733 G. Cheyne Eng. Malady ii. vii. 186 That Function..throwing off the Redundancy and Feculence.

1795 J. Sullivan Hist. Maine 35 Here a fall of water..empties the redundancy of Damariscota Ponds into the channel.

1832 H. Martineau Homes Abroad ii. 25 It is not the whole of the people... It is only the redundancy that we have to take care of.

3. A redundant thing or part.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > excessive amount or degree > [noun] > excess, redundancy, or superfluity > that which is superfluous > a superfluous thing, part, or person

superfluitya1398

the fifth wheel of a coach, waggon1631

redundancy1631

superfluency1672

expletive1688

a spare prick1961

1631 W. Gouge Gods Three Arrowes iii. §9. 201 This particle (us) is an usuall redundancy in the Hebrew tongue.

1651 N. Bacon Contin. Hist. Disc. Govt. 195 As touching the Pontificall Benediction, himselfe tooke that but as a redundancy.

1770 S. Foote Lame Lover i. 14 A leg! a redundancy! a mere nothing at all.

1816 T. L. Peacock Headlong Hall vii. 110 The remaining one wallows in all the redundancies of luxury.

1875 W. E. Gladstone in Contemp. Rev. June 203 There is no redundancy that can be safely parted with.

1938 Times 5 Apr. 10/3 In this reprint, Mr. Yeats-Brown has eliminated an unnecessary plot and certain other redundancies.

1985 K. Govier in M. Atwood & R. Weaver Oxf. Bk. Canad. Short Stories (1986) 399 Her seeing-eye dog lay at her feet, so devoted that he made the husband look like a redundancy.

a. Engineering. The presence in a framework of more members than are needed to confer rigidity. Cf. redundant adj. 4a.

ΚΠ

1884 H. Adams Strains Ironwork vii.58 So far as the transmission of the load is concerned, there will be a redundancy of parts indicated by the letters.

1923 W. L. Marsh Internat. Air Congr., London, 1923 828 Owing to the extreme redundancy of the structure [of the airship] the calculations cannot be tackled by the graphical methods employed on most types of girder work construction.

1950 J. C. Grassie Elem. Theory Struct. ix. 129 (heading) Conditions for internal and external redundancy in structures.

2007 Internat. Jrnl. Fatigue 29 522/1 The effects of redundancy will presumably be similar for the two joints.

b. Engineering and Manufacturing Technology. The deliberate duplication of parts in a system so that its function is not impaired in the event of a malfunction or failure. Also: an instance of this; a deliberately duplicated part. Cf. redundant adj. and n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > [noun] > allowance made for safety

safety margin1871

margin of safety1874

redundancy1960

society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > [noun] > construction of > with extra parts

redundancy1960

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electronics > [noun] > production or design of systems or devices > incorporation of extra parts

redundancy1960

1960 Conf. Electr. Engin. in Space Technol. 8 Redundancy is a potentially powerful tool for reliability improvement which promise not only large rewards, but also many problems in its application.

1962 J. Glenn in J. Glenn et al. Into Orbit 38 The engineers had a word for this insistence on inserting backups into the system. They called it the principle of ‘redundancy’.

1972 Sci. Amer. Jan. 46/2 Perhaps the most unusual feature of the grand-tour spacecraft will be a computer..provided with enough redundancy to operate for at least 10 years.

1983 Fortune 16 May 156/2 Redundancy employs extra on-chip cells that allow the rerouting of electricity around defective cells after a chip is manufactured.

2007 Acta Astronautica 60 498/2 As shown by the Soyuz 1 disaster, however, this redundancy is no guarantee of system reliability.

5. Chiefly British.

a. The condition of being surplus to an organization's staffing requirements; (hence) the state or fact of losing a job for this reason.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > lack of work > [noun] > redundancy

redundancy1931

1924 Times 19 June 11/3 The redundancy of permanent officers in the executive class has not been reduced as rapidly as was at one time hoped.]

1931 Economist 11 Apr. 780/1 Such economics create redundancy of staff and unemployment rather than increased employment.

1934 Planning 2 xxvi. 3 The shipbuilding and wool textiles industries have succeeded in establishing common instruments with which to combat redundancy.

1952 Economist 12 July 77 The strike against redundancy is a comparatively new phenomenon in industrial relations.

1972 Accountant 5 Oct. 420/1 Should a staff surveyor become redundant, redundancy pay would be considered, the maximum benefit being limited to one month's pay (based on salary at the date of redundancy) for every completed year's service.

2001 Independent 26 Mar. i. 8/1 Four members of staff face redundancy, and others re-assignment and the downgrading of their jobs.

b. An instance or individual case of unemployment due to reorganization, mechanization, loss of business, etc. Chiefly in plural.

ΚΠ

1936 Economist 11 July 69/1 It is to be hoped that the number of redundancies..will not prove so large as to inflict great hardship on those who have certainly had no part in producing the present state of affairs.

1948 Times 9 Oct. 3/2 Redundancies among junior engineers are likely to be recurrent..and eventually another 200 men are likely to be affected.

1977 M. Drabble Ice Age ii. 240 There isn't any work. There's large-scale unemployment. Redundancies everywhere.

2000 PrintWeek 25 Feb. 3/1 The GPMU has brought to a tribunal a claim for unfair dismissal following redundancies at Polestar Techset last May.

a. The condition of having more elements or components than the minimum necessary in order to store or convey a given amount of information; (Mathematics and Computing) the amount by which the number of bits used to transmit a message exceeds the number of bits of information in the message. Also in extended use. Cf. redundant adj. 6a.In Computing, redundancy is sometimes introduced deliberately as a protection against corruption or loss of data: cf. redundancy check n. at Compounds 2.

ΚΠ

1947 J. von Neumann et al. Prelim. Discuss. Logical Design Electronic Computing Instr. (ed. 2) vi. 37 There is considerable redundancy in a floating binary point type of notation, for each number carries with it a scale factor, while generally speaking a single scale factor will suffice for a possibly extensive set of numbers.

1959 Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 33 380 The 2-fold redundancy of genetic information implied by the Watson–Crick model might be expected to necessitate damage to two separate sites.

1975 D. G. Fink Electronics Engineers' Handbk. xxii. 54 More powerful codes employ much higher degrees of redundancy and are capable of detecting multiple errors.

1977 J. Martin Computer Data-Base Organization (ed. 2) iii. 23 Some measure of redundancy exists in many data-bases in order to give improved access times or simpler addressing methods.

1996 R. G. Steen DNA & Destiny i. 6 Each cell actually contains twice as much information as is necessary for life. This redundancy..leads to greater genetic diversity among humans.

2006 Sci. Amer. (U.K. ed.) Mar. 57/1 Such digit streams are incompressible, they have no redundancy; the best that one can do is transmit them directly.

b. Linguistics. The presence of grammatical, phonetic, or other features of a language that permit comprehension even if some elements are misunderstood or lost; the fact or degree of predictability in a language.

ΚΠ

1948 Bell Syst. Techn. Jrnl. 27 398 The redundancy of ordinary English, not considering statistical structure over greater distances than about eight letters, is roughly 50%.

1968 W. J. Samarin in J. A. Fishman Readings Sociol. of Lang. 664 Planned languages reveal many of the features of pidgin languages, namely, lexical syncretism and reduction of redundancy.

1982 J. Campbell Grammatical Man i. v. 72 Redundancy reduces error by making certain letters and groups of letters more probable, increasing predictability.

2007 D. Barton Literacy (ed. 2) vi. 89 Spoken language..is continuous and is accompanied by hesitations, errors, pauses, false starts and redundancy.

c. Genetics. The property of the genetic code by which more than one type of nucleotide triplet may code for a particular amino acid. Also called degeneracy.

ΚΠ

1964 Jrnl. Theoret. Biol. 6 283 The composition is not altered appreciably by the findings of extensive degeneracy in the code because of the similarity (partial redundancy) of codewords assigned to a given acid.

1985 Jrnl. Molecular Biol. 183 1 The redundancy of the genetic code dictates that a choice must be made between (1) a mixture of probes reflecting all codon combinations, and (2) a single longer ‘optimal’ probe.

2005 J. G. Roederer Informat. & Role in Nature iv. 153 There may be more to the genetic code than just pairing codons with amino acids; for instance, the existence of synonymous codons (redundancy) could influence the rate of protein synthesis.

Compounds

C1. attributive.

a. In sense 5.

redundancy agreement n.

ΚΠ

1930 Times 8 Sept. 9/2 The railway company wanted to alter the whole basis of the redundancy agreement so that men who..would be in receipt of unemployment benefit on dismissal should be the first to go.

1999 Dominion (Wellington) (Nexis) 11 May 2 The Police Association cannot force commissioner Peter Doone to negotiate a redundancy agreement, the Court of Appeal decided in a judgment issued yesterday.

redundancy money n.

ΚΠ

1958 Times 3 Mar. 6 He was given £94 service money..and he will soon receive an additional £189 redundancy money.

2003 M. Belson On the Press x. 301 [The company] did not pay redundancy money to the new workers;..they simply made a small ex gratia payment to each of them.

redundancy pay n.

ΚΠ

1949 Times 25 Nov. 5/6 In addition to unemployment benefit, miners left without work in this way receive ‘redundancy pay’ from the Coal Board for 26 weeks after their colliery closes.

1996 Which? Guide to starting your own Business (new ed.) viii. 137 Redundancy pay is due to those employees who have at least two years' continuous service. Service before the age of 18 does not count.

redundancy payment n.

ΚΠ

1957 Times 25 July 10/1 (headline) Redundancy payments ‘fair and honourable’.

1966 Listener 17 Mar. 391/2 We carried out too, our pledge to introduce redundancy payments for those who were temporarily out of a job through the speeding of the process of industrial change.

2008 Mail on Sunday (Nexis) 9 Mar. 90 Many redundancy payments are relatively modest and will help tide you over only until you get another job.

redundancy scheme n.

ΚΠ

1932 Economist 9 Jan. 64/2 The General Committee..considered the redundancy scheme..and it was decided to ballot members as to whether they are in favour of the proposals.

1957 Jrnl. Industr. Econ. 6 75 The objections to the Commission's arguments..raise issues connected with Board of Trade approval of the redundancy scheme.

2008 Birmingham Evening Mail (Nexis) 7 May 1 The parent group announced it was cutting 7,500 jobs worldwide in a redundancy scheme which would see 15 per cent of the workforce leave.

b. In sense 6b.

redundancy rule n.

ΚΠ

1965 N. Chomsky Aspects Theory Syntax 214 More generally the phonological redundancy rules, which determine such features as voicing of vowels.., can be supplemented by analogous syntactic and semantic redundancy rules.

2003 L. White Second Lang. Aquisition & Universal Gram. vii. 223 Lexical redundancy rules relate the two entries to each other.

C2.

redundancy check n. Computing a check on the correctness of processed or transmitted data that involves the incorporation of additional information, derived from the original data, which can be compared to the equivalent information derived from the data after processing or transmission.

ΘΚΠ

society > computing and information technology > data > database > data entry > [noun] > error check

summation check1926

checksum1940

parity check1950

Hamming distance1954

redundancy check1955

sum check1956

validity check1957

the world > action or operation > endeavour > trial or experiment > trial, test, or testing > [noun] > test or testing for truth or correctness > by comparison > specifically of processed data

redundancy check1955

1955 U.S. Patent 2,708,267 4 The core matrix has only the necessary positions for handling the code bits of the excess-three code plus a redundancy check bit.

1970 O. Dopping Computers & Data Processing ii. 49 The most common form of redundancy check is the parity check.

2005 Wall St. Jrnl. 16 Dec. (Central ed.) a15/2 His company tries to preempt the problem by writing software with a ‘cyclical redundancy check’, which is an internal way to show that software has not been modified.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	redundancy
释义	redundancyn. Brit. /rᵻˈdʌnd(ə)nsi/, U.S. /rəˈdənd(ə)nsi/, /riˈdənd(ə)nsi/ Forms: 1600s redundancie, 1600s– redundancy. Origin: Either (i) a borrowing from Latin. Or (ii) formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: Latin redundantia ; redundant adj., -ancy suffix. Etymology: Either < classical Latin redundantia redundance n. (compare -y suffix³, -ancy suffix), or < redundant adj.: see -ancy suffix. Compare Spanish redundancia (16th cent.), Portuguese redundância (1589), Italian ridondanza (a1459 as redundanzia ). Compare earlier redundance n. 1. The state or quality of being redundant; superfluity; (esp. in later use) unnecessariness. Also: a case or instance of this. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > excessive amount or degree > [noun] > excess, redundancy, or superfluity un-i-fohOE surfeita1393 superfluitya1398 over-micklea1400 overmucha1400 nimiety1542 superfluous1552 redundance1572 overflowing1574 overflush1581 overflow1589 overmeasure1591 redundancy1601 a too-much1604 pleonasm1616 overfloat1619 overmuchnessa1637 supernumerariness1652 plusa1721 supervacaneousness1730 supersaturate1860 too-muchness1875 1601 J. Deacon & J. Walker Summarie Answere to Darel i. 44 These your published signes, they doe ebbe and flowe with the Moone; hauing sometimes their redundancie, and sometimes their diminution. 1601–2 W. Fulbecke Parallele or Conf. Law i. 74 There is in them me thinketh great redundancie of wordes, which might wel be spared. 1637 B. Jonson Discov. 139 But where there is redundancy both the blood and juice are faulty. 1678 R. Cudworth tr. Aristotle in True Intellect. Syst. Universe i. iv. 375 A Love of Redundancy and Overflowing Fulness, delighting to communicate it self. 1706 W. Walsh Let. 20 July in A. Pope Wks. (1737) V. 49 The redundancy of Wit..is not what ever pleases the best judges. 1765 Museum Rusticum 4 14 Such trees as run into wood, whose redundancy must be moderated before they will throw out any bearing branches. 1821 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto IV cxvii. 129 I'm sensible redundancy is wrong, But could not for the muse of me put less in't. 1875 A. Helps Social Pressure xiv. 207 I can perceive defects and redundancies in his way of treating them. 1917 Biometrika 11 424 If we compare Type VI against the observed, we find a redundancy of women just below 30. 1959 C. Ogburn Marauders (1960) ii. 44 From Sam I learned that I had volunteered for that ‘dangerous and hazardous mission’... I scarcely noticed the characteristic military redundancy. (How the hell could a mission be dangerous without being hazardous?) 1969 Newark (Ohio) Advocate & Amer. Tribune 20 Sept. 13/3 To drill post-pubescents in the knowledge of sex is an exercise in redundancy. 2007 Evening Standard (Nexis) 11 Nov. a43 It is spectacular in its redundancy, with pinnacles and carvings with no purpose but to impress. †2. That which is redundant; the surplus. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > excessive amount or degree > [noun] > excess, redundancy, or superfluity > that which is superfluous superfluec1400 corollary1603 redundancy1612 excessive1644 gash1937 1612 S. Daniel First Pt. Hist. Eng. ii. 76 The Normans..with their promiscuous ingendring..were forced to vnburthen themselues on other countries... And out of this redundancie, Roul, or Rou, a great Commaunder amongst them, furnished a robustious powre. 1733 G. Cheyne Eng. Malady ii. vii. 186 That Function..throwing off the Redundancy and Feculence. 1795 J. Sullivan Hist. Maine 35 Here a fall of water..empties the redundancy of Damariscota Ponds into the channel. 1832 H. Martineau Homes Abroad ii. 25 It is not the whole of the people... It is only the redundancy that we have to take care of. 3. A redundant thing or part. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > excessive amount or degree > [noun] > excess, redundancy, or superfluity > that which is superfluous > a superfluous thing, part, or person superfluitya1398 the fifth wheel of a coach, waggon1631 redundancy1631 superfluency1672 expletive1688 a spare prick1961 1631 W. Gouge Gods Three Arrowes iii. §9. 201 This particle (us) is an usuall redundancy in the Hebrew tongue. 1651 N. Bacon Contin. Hist. Disc. Govt. 195 As touching the Pontificall Benediction, himselfe tooke that but as a redundancy. 1770 S. Foote Lame Lover i. 14 A leg! a redundancy! a mere nothing at all. 1816 T. L. Peacock Headlong Hall vii. 110 The remaining one wallows in all the redundancies of luxury. 1875 W. E. Gladstone in Contemp. Rev. June 203 There is no redundancy that can be safely parted with. 1938 Times 5 Apr. 10/3 In this reprint, Mr. Yeats-Brown has eliminated an unnecessary plot and certain other redundancies. 1985 K. Govier in M. Atwood & R. Weaver Oxf. Bk. Canad. Short Stories (1986) 399 Her seeing-eye dog lay at her feet, so devoted that he made the husband look like a redundancy. 4. a. Engineering. The presence in a framework of more members than are needed to confer rigidity. Cf. redundant adj. 4a. ΚΠ 1884 H. Adams Strains Ironwork vii.58 So far as the transmission of the load is concerned, there will be a redundancy of parts indicated by the letters. 1923 W. L. Marsh Internat. Air Congr., London, 1923 828 Owing to the extreme redundancy of the structure [of the airship] the calculations cannot be tackled by the graphical methods employed on most types of girder work construction. 1950 J. C. Grassie Elem. Theory Struct. ix. 129 (heading) Conditions for internal and external redundancy in structures. 2007 Internat. Jrnl. Fatigue 29 522/1 The effects of redundancy will presumably be similar for the two joints. b. Engineering and Manufacturing Technology. The deliberate duplication of parts in a system so that its function is not impaired in the event of a malfunction or failure. Also: an instance of this; a deliberately duplicated part. Cf. redundant adj. and n. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > [noun] > allowance made for safety safety margin1871 margin of safety1874 redundancy1960 society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > [noun] > construction of > with extra parts redundancy1960 the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electronics > [noun] > production or design of systems or devices > incorporation of extra parts redundancy1960 1960 Conf. Electr. Engin. in Space Technol. 8 Redundancy is a potentially powerful tool for reliability improvement which promise not only large rewards, but also many problems in its application. 1962 J. Glenn in J. Glenn et al. Into Orbit 38 The engineers had a word for this insistence on inserting backups into the system. They called it the principle of ‘redundancy’. 1972 Sci. Amer. Jan. 46/2 Perhaps the most unusual feature of the grand-tour spacecraft will be a computer..provided with enough redundancy to operate for at least 10 years. 1983 Fortune 16 May 156/2 Redundancy employs extra on-chip cells that allow the rerouting of electricity around defective cells after a chip is manufactured. 2007 Acta Astronautica 60 498/2 As shown by the Soyuz 1 disaster, however, this redundancy is no guarantee of system reliability. 5. Chiefly British. a. The condition of being surplus to an organization's staffing requirements; (hence) the state or fact of losing a job for this reason. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > lack of work > [noun] > redundancy redundancy1931 1924 Times 19 June 11/3 The redundancy of permanent officers in the executive class has not been reduced as rapidly as was at one time hoped.] 1931 Economist 11 Apr. 780/1 Such economics create redundancy of staff and unemployment rather than increased employment. 1934 Planning 2 xxvi. 3 The shipbuilding and wool textiles industries have succeeded in establishing common instruments with which to combat redundancy. 1952 Economist 12 July 77 The strike against redundancy is a comparatively new phenomenon in industrial relations. 1972 Accountant 5 Oct. 420/1 Should a staff surveyor become redundant, redundancy pay would be considered, the maximum benefit being limited to one month's pay (based on salary at the date of redundancy) for every completed year's service. 2001 Independent 26 Mar. i. 8/1 Four members of staff face redundancy, and others re-assignment and the downgrading of their jobs. b. An instance or individual case of unemployment due to reorganization, mechanization, loss of business, etc. Chiefly in plural. ΚΠ 1936 Economist 11 July 69/1 It is to be hoped that the number of redundancies..will not prove so large as to inflict great hardship on those who have certainly had no part in producing the present state of affairs. 1948 Times 9 Oct. 3/2 Redundancies among junior engineers are likely to be recurrent..and eventually another 200 men are likely to be affected. 1977 M. Drabble Ice Age ii. 240 There isn't any work. There's large-scale unemployment. Redundancies everywhere. 2000 PrintWeek 25 Feb. 3/1 The GPMU has brought to a tribunal a claim for unfair dismissal following redundancies at Polestar Techset last May. 6. a. The condition of having more elements or components than the minimum necessary in order to store or convey a given amount of information; (Mathematics and Computing) the amount by which the number of bits used to transmit a message exceeds the number of bits of information in the message. Also in extended use. Cf. redundant adj. 6a.In Computing, redundancy is sometimes introduced deliberately as a protection against corruption or loss of data: cf. redundancy check n. at Compounds 2. ΚΠ 1947 J. von Neumann et al. Prelim. Discuss. Logical Design Electronic Computing Instr. (ed. 2) vi. 37 There is considerable redundancy in a floating binary point type of notation, for each number carries with it a scale factor, while generally speaking a single scale factor will suffice for a possibly extensive set of numbers. 1959 Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 33 380 The 2-fold redundancy of genetic information implied by the Watson–Crick model might be expected to necessitate damage to two separate sites. 1975 D. G. Fink Electronics Engineers' Handbk. xxii. 54 More powerful codes employ much higher degrees of redundancy and are capable of detecting multiple errors. 1977 J. Martin Computer Data-Base Organization (ed. 2) iii. 23 Some measure of redundancy exists in many data-bases in order to give improved access times or simpler addressing methods. 1996 R. G. Steen DNA & Destiny i. 6 Each cell actually contains twice as much information as is necessary for life. This redundancy..leads to greater genetic diversity among humans. 2006 Sci. Amer. (U.K. ed.) Mar. 57/1 Such digit streams are incompressible, they have no redundancy; the best that one can do is transmit them directly. b. Linguistics. The presence of grammatical, phonetic, or other features of a language that permit comprehension even if some elements are misunderstood or lost; the fact or degree of predictability in a language. ΚΠ 1948 Bell Syst. Techn. Jrnl. 27 398 The redundancy of ordinary English, not considering statistical structure over greater distances than about eight letters, is roughly 50%. 1968 W. J. Samarin in J. A. Fishman Readings Sociol. of Lang. 664 Planned languages reveal many of the features of pidgin languages, namely, lexical syncretism and reduction of redundancy. 1982 J. Campbell Grammatical Man i. v. 72 Redundancy reduces error by making certain letters and groups of letters more probable, increasing predictability. 2007 D. Barton Literacy (ed. 2) vi. 89 Spoken language..is continuous and is accompanied by hesitations, errors, pauses, false starts and redundancy. c. Genetics. The property of the genetic code by which more than one type of nucleotide triplet may code for a particular amino acid. Also called degeneracy. ΚΠ 1964 Jrnl. Theoret. Biol. 6 283 The composition is not altered appreciably by the findings of extensive degeneracy in the code because of the similarity (partial redundancy) of codewords assigned to a given acid. 1985 Jrnl. Molecular Biol. 183 1 The redundancy of the genetic code dictates that a choice must be made between (1) a mixture of probes reflecting all codon combinations, and (2) a single longer ‘optimal’ probe. 2005 J. G. Roederer Informat. & Role in Nature iv. 153 There may be more to the genetic code than just pairing codons with amino acids; for instance, the existence of synonymous codons (redundancy) could influence the rate of protein synthesis. Compounds C1. attributive. a. In sense 5. redundancy agreement n. ΚΠ 1930 Times 8 Sept. 9/2 The railway company wanted to alter the whole basis of the redundancy agreement so that men who..would be in receipt of unemployment benefit on dismissal should be the first to go. 1999 Dominion (Wellington) (Nexis) 11 May 2 The Police Association cannot force commissioner Peter Doone to negotiate a redundancy agreement, the Court of Appeal decided in a judgment issued yesterday. redundancy money n. ΚΠ 1958 Times 3 Mar. 6 He was given £94 service money..and he will soon receive an additional £189 redundancy money. 2003 M. Belson On the Press x. 301 [The company] did not pay redundancy money to the new workers;..they simply made a small ex gratia payment to each of them. redundancy pay n. ΚΠ 1949 Times 25 Nov. 5/6 In addition to unemployment benefit, miners left without work in this way receive ‘redundancy pay’ from the Coal Board for 26 weeks after their colliery closes. 1996 Which? Guide to starting your own Business (new ed.) viii. 137 Redundancy pay is due to those employees who have at least two years' continuous service. Service before the age of 18 does not count. redundancy payment n. ΚΠ 1957 Times 25 July 10/1 (headline) Redundancy payments ‘fair and honourable’. 1966 Listener 17 Mar. 391/2 We carried out too, our pledge to introduce redundancy payments for those who were temporarily out of a job through the speeding of the process of industrial change. 2008 Mail on Sunday (Nexis) 9 Mar. 90 Many redundancy payments are relatively modest and will help tide you over only until you get another job. redundancy scheme n. ΚΠ 1932 Economist 9 Jan. 64/2 The General Committee..considered the redundancy scheme..and it was decided to ballot members as to whether they are in favour of the proposals. 1957 Jrnl. Industr. Econ. 6 75 The objections to the Commission's arguments..raise issues connected with Board of Trade approval of the redundancy scheme. 2008 Birmingham Evening Mail (Nexis) 7 May 1 The parent group announced it was cutting 7,500 jobs worldwide in a redundancy scheme which would see 15 per cent of the workforce leave. b. In sense 6b. redundancy rule n. ΚΠ 1965 N. Chomsky Aspects Theory Syntax 214 More generally the phonological redundancy rules, which determine such features as voicing of vowels.., can be supplemented by analogous syntactic and semantic redundancy rules. 2003 L. White Second Lang. Aquisition & Universal Gram. vii. 223 Lexical redundancy rules relate the two entries to each other. C2. redundancy check n. Computing a check on the correctness of processed or transmitted data that involves the incorporation of additional information, derived from the original data, which can be compared to the equivalent information derived from the data after processing or transmission. ΘΚΠ society > computing and information technology > data > database > data entry > [noun] > error check summation check1926 checksum1940 parity check1950 Hamming distance1954 redundancy check1955 sum check1956 validity check1957 the world > action or operation > endeavour > trial or experiment > trial, test, or testing > [noun] > test or testing for truth or correctness > by comparison > specifically of processed data redundancy check1955 1955 U.S. Patent 2,708,267 4 The core matrix has only the necessary positions for handling the code bits of the excess-three code plus a redundancy check bit. 1970 O. Dopping Computers & Data Processing ii. 49 The most common form of redundancy check is the parity check. 2005 Wall St. Jrnl. 16 Dec. (Central ed.) a15/2 His company tries to preempt the problem by writing software with a ‘cyclical redundancy check’, which is an internal way to show that software has not been modified. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1601
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