redundantadj.n.

Brit.

/rᵻˈdʌnd(ə)nt/, U.S.

/rəˈdənd(ə)nt/,

/riˈdənd(ə)nt/

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin redundant-, redundans; Latin redundant-, redundāns, redundāre.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin redundant-, redundans (adjective) superfluous (late 2nd or early 3rd cent. in Tertullian), and its etymon classical Latin redundant-, redundāns overflowing, abounding, present participle of redundāre redound v. Compare Middle French, French redondant (13th cent. in Old French in an isolated attestation in sense ‘which overabounds’; subsequently from the 16th cent. in sense ‘excessive, superfluous’). Compare also Spanish redundante (16th cent.), Portuguese redundante (1664), Italian ridondante (a1503 as redondante ). Compare redundance n., redundancy n.

A. adj.

I. Superfluous and related senses.

1. Superfluous, excessive; surplus; unnecessary.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > excessive amount or degree > [adjective] > excessive or superfluous

superfluent?1440

superfluous?a1450

superstitiousc1450

superfluec1475

redundant?1577

pleonastical1653

exuberant1667

pleonasmical1693

enormous1704

pluperfect1802

pleonastic1835

?1577 J. Northbrooke Spiritus est Vicarius Christi: Treat. Dicing 19 When we sleepe too muche, all the moystures and humors of the bodie, with the naturall heate, retire to the extreme parts therof, no where purging or euacuating whatsoeuer is redundant.

1590 R. Parsons 2nd Pt. Bk. Christian Exercise ii. 50 The exceeding great wysedom, cunning, and prouidence, which he discouered in..mans bodie, wherein nothing was redundant, nothing defectiue, nothing possible to be added.

1642 T. Fuller Holy State iii. xv. 190 An Heteroclite in Nature, with some member defective or redundant.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics i, in tr. Virgil Wks. 53 When the latent Vice is cur'd by Fire, Redundant Humours thro' the Pores expire.

1763 W. Emerson Method of Increments 23 To expunge any redundant factor, put in its stead any other factor which is equivalent to it.

1794 S. Williams Nat. & Civil Hist. Vermont 97 The beavers always leave sluices or passages near the middle for the redundant waters to pass off.

1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. xix. 320 Devising new schemes for the employment of redundant capital.

1869 E. A. Abbott Shakespearian Gram. 96 A somewhat different case of the redundant object.

1876 T. Bryant Pract. Surg. (ed. 2) II. xvii. 5 The redundant mass is to be dissected off.

1919 H. L. Warren Found. Classic Archit. v. 290 The Attic designer dispensed with the plinth, which seemed to him redundant.

1951 R. Campbell Light on Dark Horse iii. 67 This is all described in the Waygoose, so it would be redundant to retell it here.

1995 Denver Post 16 Jan. s8/6 Using the CO2 laser under local anesthesia in the office setting, some of the floppy redundant tissue at the back of the throat can be removed.

2. Characterized by superfluity or excess in some respect; having some additional or superfluous part, element, or feature; (of language) marked by verbosity and needless repetition. Also with in.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > excessive amount or degree > [adjective] > provided with an excess of something > having some redundant feature

superfluea1398

redundant1604

1604 R. Dallington View of Fraunce sig. V2^v That which Scaliger..saith of the Greeke tongue, that it is, redundans, redundant: the same may wee say of the French, that it is babillard, full of tittle tattle.

1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. ii. 54 This..will make our Belief to demurre to the Truth of his so frequent Miracles, being so Redundant in working them on Triviall Occasions.

a1690 S. Jeake Λογιστικηλογία (1696) 169 Improper Fractions are redundant.

1725 I. Watts Logick iii. ii. §6 All these four kinds of syllogisms..may be called redundant, because they have more than three propositions.

1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 88. ⁋15 Milton frequently uses..the hypermetrical or redundant line of eleven syllables.

1830 J. Mackintosh Diss. Progress Ethical Philos. 102 The naturally copious and flowing style of the author is generally redundant.

1856 Macready in W. B. Scoones Four Cent. Eng. Lett. (1880) 513 You make inquiry of me whether it is true that, in my youth, my action was redundant, and that I took extraordinary pains to chasten it?

1885 Pall Mall Gaz. 26 Sept. 2/2 We shall gradually give up English in favour of Telegraphese, and Electric Telegraphese is as short and spare as Daily Telegraphese is longwinded and redundant.

1954 Encounter Aug. 55/1 Here, still surviving in an age of redundant dialogue and, worse still, explanatory narratage, are stories really told in pictures.

1981 Washington Post (Nexis) 5 Oct. a11 It's a wasteful approach to overregulate something in a redundant manner when you have such a tremendous potential for savings on the other side.

2002 A. J. McEvily Metal Failures i. 3 The use of both suspenders and a belt to support trousers is an example of a fail-safe, redundant approach.

†3. Music. Of an interval: augmented; (also) exceeding the Pythagorean or diatonic syntonic equivalent by a comma. Of a chord: containing a redundant interval. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > pitch > interval > [adjective] > others

Pythagorean1653

diazeuctic1698

redundant1753

direct1828

parallel1876

1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. Redundant interval, in music, is used for an interval exceeding the truth by a comma. Some apply redundant to an interval exceeding a diatonic interval by a semitone minor; but this is more usually called a superfluous interval.

1797 Encycl. Brit. XVI. 36/1 What the French call une accord superflue, which we have translated a redundant chord.

1829 London Encycl. V. 652/2 In general, the redundant intervals, the sharps in the higher part, are proper by their severity to express violent emotions of the mind, such as anger and the rougher passions.

a. Engineering. Of a component of a framework, or a force or moment on it: capable of being removed without causing loss of rigidity. Of a framework: having more members or supports than the minimum required to render it stable; containing more than the minimum number of components necessary for rigidity.

ΚΠ

1876 F. Jenkin Bridges in Encycl. Brit. IV. 315/2 If the members AD and CB were flexible cords there would be no redundant members.

1908 E. S. Andrews Theory & Design of Struct. xi. 290 Redundant frames have the following disadvantages:—(1) Any stress in one member caused by bad fitting or change of temperature causes stress in all the other members.

1953 C.-K. Wang Statically Indeterminate Struct. i. 4 In analyzing indeterminate structures it is necessary to have as many extra conditions, in addition to those of statics, as there are redundant reactions.

1981 Sci. Amer. June 45/3 The prestressed-concrete reactor vessel..is kept in compression at all times by a network of redundant, tensioned steel tendons.

2003 H. Al Nageim et al. Struct. Mech. (ed. 6) vi. 90 The redundant frame cannot be solved by the ordinary methods of statics. It is, therefore, also called a statically indeterminate or hyperstatic frame.

b. Engineering and Manufacturing Technology. Of a mechanism, device, etc.: containing duplicated parts such that its function is not impaired in the event of failure of a part; able to continue to function correctly when a part of it malfunctions.

ΚΠ

1952 C. R. Gates Mem. No. 20-76 (Jet Propulsion Lab., Calif. Inst. Technol.) p. ii A redundant system is one in which two or more components performing a given function are placed in parallel in order that the operation of the system may not be impaired by the failure of a single component.

1972 L. M. Harris Introd. Deepwater Floating Drilling Operations xi. 122 Most floating-drilling systems are equipped with dual hydraulic-control systems..The system is, thus, completely redundant.

1991 Professional Engin. July–Aug. 8/1 A dual redundant microprocessor based controller provides full automatic control.

1997 D. Singh Khalsa & C. Stauth Brain Longevity i. 11 If one neuron is killed, the brain can switch its memory connection through another neuron, and retain the memory. Neurologists call this redundant circuitry.

2001 Yahoo! Internet Life Nov. 82/1 The Internet was designed as a redundant, self-healing communications network capable of surviving nuclear attack.

5. Chiefly British.

a. Of a person: no longer needed in a particular job or place of employment; (hence) unemployed because of reorganization, mechanization, change in demand, etc.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > lack of work > [adjective] > (made) redundant

redundant1908

outplaced1981

excessed1987

1908 Times 28 Sept. 8/4 Instead of dismissing men of lower grades in the service, why not dismiss redundant officials?

1928 Britain's Industr. Future (Liberal Industr. Inq.) xxv. 358 We reach, finally, the pressing, but difficult, problem of the redundant workers. When everything possible has been done..there is little doubt that we shall still have to deal with a large surplus of labour in the coal-mining industry.

1958 Spectator 30 May 713/3 Over five thousand other men were rendered redundant.

1969 H. E. Bates Vanished World xii. 156 Nowadays,..it would no doubt be said that I became redundant. I prefer the old way: I was unexpectedly sacked.

2003 Daily Mail (Nexis) 30 May 15 York City Council fears as many as 45 teachers and classroom assistants will be made redundant, most because of stretched finances.

b. Of a thing (esp. a building): no longer used or needed for the original purpose.

ΚΠ

1950 J. Brooke Goose Cathedral iii. 51 The boathouse..had apparently become, as they say, ‘redundant’, and had been converted into a private residence.

1981 Daily Tel. 27 Jan. 12/5 Two redundant stone-built barns..have been converted into self-catering bunkhouses for walkers.

1987 T. Buxbaum Sc. Doocots 24/2 The adaptation of redundant battlemented windpumps [to house pigeons].

1995 Independent 19 Oct. (Suppl.) 2/4 Their modishly empty warehouse flats or houses converted from a redundant church.

2007 Independent (Nexis) 21 July 29 Dixons won't sell you a SLR film camera, and you can't get a typewriter ribbon at Ryman's for love or money. When was the last time you saw anyone with a Sony Walkman? One imagines a huge bonfire being built, in which all these redundant items are piled high, along with open-spool tape recorders, pub ashtrays and tea strainers.

a. Mathematics and Linguistics. Of a letter, symbol, or other element in a sequence: contributing no additional information; (of a code, message, etc.) containing such elements; (of a feature of a language) that can be removed or disregarded without compromising intelligibility of the string containing it; predictable from its context; (of a language) containing elements or features of this kind. Also in extended use. Cf. redundancy n. 6a, 6b.

ΚΠ

1951 Jrnl. Royal Statist. Soc. B. 13 47 Since Q is always followed by U (except in mathematical formulae and abbreviations), the letter U after Q is redundant;..we can define and measure the ‘redundancy’ of a code.

1953 Language 29 36 The redundant features..operate in conjunction with the distinctive features, thereby facilitating the selective process on the part of the listener.

1954 G. A. Miller et al. in Jrnl. Gen. Psychol. 50 131 If a language is highly redundant, the relative information per symbol is much lower than it would be if successive symbols in a message could be chosen independently.

1961 Q. Rev. Biol. 36 28/2 He assumes that 3 bases specify an amino acid, but that some of the 64 possible combinations of bases (4 units taken 3 at a time) are redundant.

1968 Amer. Econ. Rev. 58 11 An appropriately redundant code can almost overcome the lack of reliability of the channel.

1979 E. H. Gombrich Sense of Order iv. 104 If the message reads that the meeting was suspended for lack of a q.u.o.r.u.m. every successive letter can be said to be increasingly redundant.

1980 J. R. Pierce Introd. Information Theory (ed. 2) viii. 165 This means that on the average, we must use a redundant code in which, for each 92 nonredundant message digits, we must include in some way 8 extra check digits.

1993 Atlantic Oct. 98/2 In German, for example, if you abbreviated every word you could still read the sentence, because most of the inflectional endings are redundant.

b. Computing. Of program code: executed but having no effect on the output of a program.

ΚΠ

1985 E. Pasero in G. Conte & D. Del Corso Multi-microprocessor Syst. for Real-time Applic. vii. 289 It is interesting..to verify the efficiency of the PLZ compiler: the redundant code is only twice the necessary minimal.

1993 S. A. Maguire Writing Solid Code 3 Modern commercial-grade compilers won't generate extra code for the comparison because it is redundant and can be optimized away.

2003 D. Wadsworth in P. Jackson et al. e-Business Fundamentals vii. 179 He did, in fact, write such software..which contained spelling and punctuation errors in the same places..and an identical piece of redundant code.

7. Genetics.

a. Of DNA: that does not code for a protein and serves no apparent purpose, typically occurring as repetitive sequences of nucleotides; (also) consisting of such DNA; cf. junk DNA n. at junk n.¹ and adj. Compounds 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > genetic components > [adjective] > DNA or RNA > of parts of DNA

sense1958

redundant1962

nucleosomal1975

antisense1977

1962 Jrnl. Theoret. Biol. 3 84 Some of the base pair changes are lethal, others..may occur in a genetically inert or redundant DNA region.

1993 E. N. K. Clarkson Invertebr. Palaeontol. & Evol. (ed. 3) ii. 38/1 Such unessential genetic material has been called ‘redundant’ or ‘junk’ DNA.

2005 M. Bjornerud Reading Rocks v. 170 Genomic sequencing of organisms, including humans, has revealed vast stretches of junk DNA, that is, repetitious and redundant segments of the genetic code that have no clear use.

b. Of the genetic code or a sequence of nucleotides: = degenerate adj. Additions.

ΚΠ

1965 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 53 385 In a highly redundant or degenerate code, there should be multiple sRNA's, each with the same amino acid specificity, but with different anticodons.

1990 EMBO Jrnl. 9 2570/2 cDNA clones of both cyclin A and cyclin B were isolated from a Drosophila adult female cDNA library using redundant oligonucleotide probes.

2006 N.Y. Times 25 July f2/6 A curious feature of the code is that it is redundant, meaning that a given amino acid can be defined by any of several different triplets.

II. Plentiful and related senses.

8. Plentiful, copious, abundant.

a. Of an immaterial thing, quality, etc. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > abundance > [adjective]

goodeOE

broadOE

fullOE

large?c1225

rifec1225

fulsomea1325

abundanta1382

plenteousa1382

copiousc1384

plentifula1400

ranka1400

aboundc1425

affluentc1425

aboundable?1440

seedy1440

manyfulc1450

ample1472

olda1500

richa1500

flowing1526

fertilent1535

wallingc1540

copy1546

abounding1560

fat1563

numbrous1566

good, great store1569

round1592

redundant1594

fruitful1604

cornucopian1609

much1609

plenty?a1610

pukka1619

redundant1621

uberant1622

swelling1628

uberous1633

numerousa1635

superfluent1648

full tide1649

lucky1649

redounding1667

numerose1692

bumper1836

prolific1890

proliferous1915

1594 T. Nashe Terrors of Night I. 375 Much more may I acknowledge all redundant prostrate vassailage to the royall descended Familie of the Careys.

a1624 R. Crakanthorpe Vigilius Dormitans (1631) xxxii. 409 Let us then see how well the Cardinal doth prove this redundant corruption in these Acts which now are extant of this fift Councell.

1695 J. Edwards Disc. conc. Old & New-Test. III. i. 3 Where Words are few, but the Sense is full and redundant.

1769 E. Bancroft Ess. Nat. Hist. Guiana 12 Those superundations..are the source of this redundant fertility.

1785 W. Cowper Task i. 226 With foliage of such dark redundant growth.

1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. viii. 57 The materials thus afforded in redundant profusion are rapidly converted into icebergs.

1893 H. P. Liddon et al. Life E. B. Pusey I. xvii. 397 This petition, marked by the redundant earnestness and sustained intensity, which were his characteristics.

1941 W. J. Cash Mind of South ii. 51 His remarkable tendency to seize on lovely words, to roll them in his throat, to heap them in redundant profusion one upon another until meaning vanishes.

†b. Of a material object or substance. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > abundance > [adjective]

goodeOE

broadOE

fullOE

large?c1225

rifec1225

fulsomea1325

abundanta1382

plenteousa1382

copiousc1384

plentifula1400

ranka1400

aboundc1425

affluentc1425

aboundable?1440

seedy1440

manyfulc1450

ample1472

olda1500

richa1500

flowing1526

fertilent1535

wallingc1540

copy1546

abounding1560

fat1563

numbrous1566

good, great store1569

round1592

redundant1594

fruitful1604

cornucopian1609

much1609

plenty?a1610

pukka1619

redundant1621

uberant1622

swelling1628

uberous1633

numerousa1635

superfluent1648

full tide1649

lucky1649

redounding1667

numerose1692

bumper1836

prolific1890

proliferous1915

the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > abundance > [adjective] > profuse, luxurious, or lush

ranka1325

exuberanta1513

profuse1542

lavish1576

profused1608

redundant1621

luxuriant1625

luxurious1644

lush1851

1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy i. i. iii. iv. 50 They ascribe all to this redundant melancholy, which domineeres in them.

1671 J. Milton Samson Agonistes 568 These redundant locks Robustious to no purpose clustring down.

1731 J. Arbuthnot Ess. Nature Aliments iv. 37 Notwithstanding the redundant Oil in Fishes they do not increase Fat so much as Flesh.

1755 Doddridge in Palmer Bk. of Praise (1862) 286 Thy hand in autumn richly pours Through all our coasts redundant stores.

1789 E. Darwin Bot. Garden: Pt. II ii. i. 201 Redundant folds of glossy silk surround Her slender waist, and trail upon the ground.

1815 W. Wordsworth Poems I. 227 Redundant are thy locks.

1848 A. Jameson Sacred & Legendary Art (1850) 49 Rubens gives us strong well-built youths with redundant yellow hair.

1876 H. James Roderick Hudson i. 10 The acquaintance..of a handsome, blonde young woman, of redundant contours, speaking a foreign tongue.

9. Characterized by copiousness, fullness, or abundance; teeming with. Also with of.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > abundance > [adjective] > abundantly produced or producing

fecundc1400

facund?1504

bountifula1538

redundant?1611

fertilea1616

fruitful1629

prolific1665

productive1672

spawning1682

tousy1895

?1611 G. Chapman in tr. Homer Iliads iii. Comm. 48 In this Poesie, redundant, I affirme him, and rammish.

1625 in W. Jones Treat. Patience in Tribulation 33 True Poet, rap't into an extasie! And speaking out of a redundant braine.

a1653 G. Daniel Vpon Reading in Poems (1878) 24 Y^e Copious East Ransack'd, & ioyn'd to y^e Redundant West.

1755 E. Young Centaur iv, in Wks. (1757) IV. 203 Thou Father of all mercies! of mercy redundant, inexhaustible, source!

1815 R. Southey Ode Written Dec. 1814 xii in Minor Poems ii. 235 Queen of the Seas! enlarge thyself; Redundant as thou art of life and power.

1853 J. B. Marsden Hist. Early Puritans (ed. 2) 243 Henry Smith had preached at St. Clement Danes in rich redundant periods.

1876 J. S. Blackie Songs Relig. & Life 233 Growth the fairest and the sweetest In the green redundant bower.

1942 G. M. Trevelyan Eng. Social Hist. xviii. 560 Women were becoming more athletic..as their skirts became..shorter and less redundant; after the disappearance of the..long sweeping dress..lawn-tennis took the place of croquet.

1991 Jrnl. Royal Musical Assoc. 116 284 The Old Roman melody is more drawn out with melismas, more redundant, more ornate.

2003 C. Jencks Garden Cosmic Speculation iii. 120/1 John..added another octagonal window, so when I started to conceive of it as a library already it was redundant with eight-sided figures.

†10.

a. Swelling up; overflowing. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > wave > movement of waves > [adjective] > swelling

proud1535

swellingc1550

rolling1562

redundanta1651

a1651 C. Love Grace (1652) xiv. 193 In Christ Jesus, as a fountain redundant over-flowing a never flowing [1652 new ed. & ever-flowing] to his people, for of his fulnesse we receive grace for grace.

1719 E. Young Busiris iv. 45 Redundant Nile, Broke from its Channel, overswells the Pass.

a1774 A. Tucker Light of Nature Pursued (1777) III. i. 75 Nor will it be incongruous to represent him..riding in whirlwinds, upheaving redundant seas.

b. Perhaps: swelling like waves, wave-like. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > unevenness > [adjective] > undulating

waved1577

redundant1667

rippling1670

wavya1701

undular1738

undulating1738

up and down1775

waving1810

undulous1862

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ix. 503 His circling Spires, that on the grass Floted redundant .

1726 W. Broome in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey IV. xviii. 342 Down from the swelling loins, the vest unbound Floats in bright waves redundant o'er the ground.

†11. Redounding, resulting. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > causation > effect, result, or consequence > [adjective]

corollaryc1449

consequent1509

resulting?a1560

sequent1575

pursuant1593

following1594

ensuing1604

eventual1607

attendant1617

emergentc1619

resultant1639

resultative1645

consecutive1647

reflexed1653

redundant1654

reflex1654

consequential1655

resultive1655

attending1682

propter hoc1889

ensuant1897

sequential1899

pursuivant1941

1654 E. Wolley tr. ‘G. de Scudéry’ Curia Politiæ 154 With glory or dishonour redundant to my self in those mighty undertakings.

B. n.

†1. Something which is redundant; spec. a redundant chord or noun (see sense A. 3, redundant noun n. at Compounds). Also figurative. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > a part of speech > noun > [noun] > noun with specific number of cases > with more than the usual number of cases

redundant1640

redundant noun1706

the world > relative properties > order > disorder > irregularity > unconformity > [noun] > deviation from rule or standard > one who or that which > by reason of excess

redundant1640

1640 T. Fuller Joseph's Coat 174 Let us not willingly bee Hetroclites from his will; either Defectiues, to doe too little, or Redundants, to doe too much.

1650 T. Fuller Pisgah-sight of Palestine ii. x. 217 The Giants bred in Philistia..being Heteroclites, redundants from the rules of nature.

1665 J. Brinsley Posing of Parts (rev. ed.) 106 Heteroclits called Redundants.

1797 Encycl. Brit. XVI. 36/2 The third redundant consists of two tones and a semi-tone.

1857 A. D. Sproat Endeavor towards Universal Alphabet 47 About two-thirds the numbers of types or letters are required..there being no redundants.

2. A person who is no longer needed in a particular job or place of employment. In later use esp.: a person who leaves or loses his or her job for this reason. Cf. redundancy n. 5.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > worker > one who does not work > [noun] > one who has been put out of office > one who is redundant

redundant1880

redundantee1963

1880 Daily News 7/2 Although a large number of the redundants are placed upon the staff of the establishment, those whose names do not appear..will..be ‘dropped’ without superannuation or compensation.

1914 Times 10/4 10/4 Offices offering voluntary retirement to redundants.

1975 Times 4 Aug. 12/1 A call for volunteer redundants has not fallen on deaf ears.

1998 B. Dicks et al. in J. Popay et al. Men, Gender Divisions & Welfare iii. xi. 288 What providers see is largely a community of men as frustrated redundants and women as harassed housewives.

3. Engineering. A redundant component of a framework (see sense A. 4a).

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > building or providing with specific parts > specific parts built or constructed > [noun] > framework > specific part of

chorda1877

stretcher-bar1883

redundant1953

1953 C.-K. Wang Statically Indeterminate Struct. i. 5 When the equations are solved and the redundants found, they can be put back on the given indeterminate structure and the remaining reactions solved by the equations of statics.

2006 Computers & Structures 84 773/1 The structure is twice statically indeterminate, and the redundants are selected as the internal forces of members 3 and 8.

Compounds

redundant hyperbola n. [after post-classical Latin hyperbola reduntans ( Newton Opticks (1704) ii. 145)] now rare a hyperbola having three infinite branches.

ΚΠ

1710 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum II Redundant Hyperbola is one so called, because it exceeds the Conical Sections, in the Number of its Hyperbolical Legs; being a Triple Hyperbola with six Hyperbolical Legs.

1811 C. Hutton Course Math. III. 196 In every redundant hyperbola, if neither term cy be wanting, nor b² − 4ac = ae√a, the curve will have no diameter.

1866 A. Cayley Coll. Math. Papers (1892) V. 360 In the former case, the asymptotes are all real, and we have the redundant hyperbola.

1911 Encycl. Brit. VII. 660/1 The genera [of cubic curves] may be arranged as follows:—1,2,3,4 redundant hyperbolas, 5,6 defective hyperbolas, [etc.].

2007 Teaching of Math. 10 60 The curve intersects u in three different ways... A possible general point is (t² : 1 − t : t³ − t) = (s : s³ − s² : s² − 1). Such a curve is called a redundant hyperbola.

† redundant noun n. Grammar Obsolete a noun which deviates from the regular declension in having an extra case or number (cf. heteroclite adj. 1). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > a part of speech > noun > [noun] > noun with specific number of cases > with more than the usual number of cases

redundant1640

redundant noun1706

1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Redundant Nouns, (in Grammar) are those that have a Number or particular Case more than is usual.

1836 R. Hiley Elements Lat. Gram. 4 A Redundant noun is one that has more than one termination.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	redundant
释义	redundantadj.n. Brit. /rᵻˈdʌnd(ə)nt/, U.S. /rəˈdənd(ə)nt/, /riˈdənd(ə)nt/ Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin redundant-, redundans; Latin redundant-, redundāns, redundāre. Etymology: < post-classical Latin redundant-, redundans (adjective) superfluous (late 2nd or early 3rd cent. in Tertullian), and its etymon classical Latin redundant-, redundāns overflowing, abounding, present participle of redundāre redound v. Compare Middle French, French redondant (13th cent. in Old French in an isolated attestation in sense ‘which overabounds’; subsequently from the 16th cent. in sense ‘excessive, superfluous’). Compare also Spanish redundante (16th cent.), Portuguese redundante (1664), Italian ridondante (a1503 as redondante ). Compare redundance n., redundancy n. A. adj. I. Superfluous and related senses. 1. Superfluous, excessive; surplus; unnecessary. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > excessive amount or degree > [adjective] > excessive or superfluous superfluent?1440 superfluous?a1450 superstitiousc1450 superfluec1475 redundant?1577 pleonastical1653 exuberant1667 pleonasmical1693 enormous1704 pluperfect1802 pleonastic1835 ?1577 J. Northbrooke Spiritus est Vicarius Christi: Treat. Dicing 19 When we sleepe too muche, all the moystures and humors of the bodie, with the naturall heate, retire to the extreme parts therof, no where purging or euacuating whatsoeuer is redundant. 1590 R. Parsons 2nd Pt. Bk. Christian Exercise ii. 50 The exceeding great wysedom, cunning, and prouidence, which he discouered in..mans bodie, wherein nothing was redundant, nothing defectiue, nothing possible to be added. 1642 T. Fuller Holy State iii. xv. 190 An Heteroclite in Nature, with some member defective or redundant. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics i, in tr. Virgil Wks. 53 When the latent Vice is cur'd by Fire, Redundant Humours thro' the Pores expire. View more context for this quotation 1763 W. Emerson Method of Increments 23 To expunge any redundant factor, put in its stead any other factor which is equivalent to it. 1794 S. Williams Nat. & Civil Hist. Vermont 97 The beavers always leave sluices or passages near the middle for the redundant waters to pass off. 1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. xix. 320 Devising new schemes for the employment of redundant capital. 1869 E. A. Abbott Shakespearian Gram. 96 A somewhat different case of the redundant object. 1876 T. Bryant Pract. Surg. (ed. 2) II. xvii. 5 The redundant mass is to be dissected off. 1919 H. L. Warren Found. Classic Archit. v. 290 The Attic designer dispensed with the plinth, which seemed to him redundant. 1951 R. Campbell Light on Dark Horse iii. 67 This is all described in the Waygoose, so it would be redundant to retell it here. 1995 Denver Post 16 Jan. s8/6 Using the CO2 laser under local anesthesia in the office setting, some of the floppy redundant tissue at the back of the throat can be removed. 2. Characterized by superfluity or excess in some respect; having some additional or superfluous part, element, or feature; (of language) marked by verbosity and needless repetition. Also with in. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > excessive amount or degree > [adjective] > provided with an excess of something > having some redundant feature superfluea1398 redundant1604 1604 R. Dallington View of Fraunce sig. V2^v That which Scaliger..saith of the Greeke tongue, that it is, redundans, redundant: the same may wee say of the French, that it is babillard, full of tittle tattle. 1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. ii. 54 This..will make our Belief to demurre to the Truth of his so frequent Miracles, being so Redundant in working them on Triviall Occasions. a1690 S. Jeake Λογιστικηλογία (1696) 169 Improper Fractions are redundant. 1725 I. Watts Logick iii. ii. §6 All these four kinds of syllogisms..may be called redundant, because they have more than three propositions. 1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 88. ⁋15 Milton frequently uses..the hypermetrical or redundant line of eleven syllables. 1830 J. Mackintosh Diss. Progress Ethical Philos. 102 The naturally copious and flowing style of the author is generally redundant. 1856 Macready in W. B. Scoones Four Cent. Eng. Lett. (1880) 513 You make inquiry of me whether it is true that, in my youth, my action was redundant, and that I took extraordinary pains to chasten it? 1885 Pall Mall Gaz. 26 Sept. 2/2 We shall gradually give up English in favour of Telegraphese, and Electric Telegraphese is as short and spare as Daily Telegraphese is longwinded and redundant. 1954 Encounter Aug. 55/1 Here, still surviving in an age of redundant dialogue and, worse still, explanatory narratage, are stories really told in pictures. 1981 Washington Post (Nexis) 5 Oct. a11 It's a wasteful approach to overregulate something in a redundant manner when you have such a tremendous potential for savings on the other side. 2002 A. J. McEvily Metal Failures i. 3 The use of both suspenders and a belt to support trousers is an example of a fail-safe, redundant approach. †3. Music. Of an interval: augmented; (also) exceeding the Pythagorean or diatonic syntonic equivalent by a comma. Of a chord: containing a redundant interval. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > pitch > interval > [adjective] > others Pythagorean1653 diazeuctic1698 redundant1753 direct1828 parallel1876 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. Redundant interval, in music, is used for an interval exceeding the truth by a comma. Some apply redundant to an interval exceeding a diatonic interval by a semitone minor; but this is more usually called a superfluous interval. 1797 Encycl. Brit. XVI. 36/1 What the French call une accord superflue, which we have translated a redundant chord. 1829 London Encycl. V. 652/2 In general, the redundant intervals, the sharps in the higher part, are proper by their severity to express violent emotions of the mind, such as anger and the rougher passions. 4. a. Engineering. Of a component of a framework, or a force or moment on it: capable of being removed without causing loss of rigidity. Of a framework: having more members or supports than the minimum required to render it stable; containing more than the minimum number of components necessary for rigidity. ΚΠ 1876 F. Jenkin Bridges in Encycl. Brit. IV. 315/2 If the members AD and CB were flexible cords there would be no redundant members. 1908 E. S. Andrews Theory & Design of Struct. xi. 290 Redundant frames have the following disadvantages:—(1) Any stress in one member caused by bad fitting or change of temperature causes stress in all the other members. 1953 C.-K. Wang Statically Indeterminate Struct. i. 4 In analyzing indeterminate structures it is necessary to have as many extra conditions, in addition to those of statics, as there are redundant reactions. 1981 Sci. Amer. June 45/3 The prestressed-concrete reactor vessel..is kept in compression at all times by a network of redundant, tensioned steel tendons. 2003 H. Al Nageim et al. Struct. Mech. (ed. 6) vi. 90 The redundant frame cannot be solved by the ordinary methods of statics. It is, therefore, also called a statically indeterminate or hyperstatic frame. b. Engineering and Manufacturing Technology. Of a mechanism, device, etc.: containing duplicated parts such that its function is not impaired in the event of failure of a part; able to continue to function correctly when a part of it malfunctions. ΚΠ 1952 C. R. Gates Mem. No. 20-76 (Jet Propulsion Lab., Calif. Inst. Technol.) p. ii A redundant system is one in which two or more components performing a given function are placed in parallel in order that the operation of the system may not be impaired by the failure of a single component. 1972 L. M. Harris Introd. Deepwater Floating Drilling Operations xi. 122 Most floating-drilling systems are equipped with dual hydraulic-control systems..The system is, thus, completely redundant. 1991 Professional Engin. July–Aug. 8/1 A dual redundant microprocessor based controller provides full automatic control. 1997 D. Singh Khalsa & C. Stauth Brain Longevity i. 11 If one neuron is killed, the brain can switch its memory connection through another neuron, and retain the memory. Neurologists call this redundant circuitry. 2001 Yahoo! Internet Life Nov. 82/1 The Internet was designed as a redundant, self-healing communications network capable of surviving nuclear attack. 5. Chiefly British. a. Of a person: no longer needed in a particular job or place of employment; (hence) unemployed because of reorganization, mechanization, change in demand, etc. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > lack of work > [adjective] > (made) redundant redundant1908 outplaced1981 excessed1987 1908 Times 28 Sept. 8/4 Instead of dismissing men of lower grades in the service, why not dismiss redundant officials? 1928 Britain's Industr. Future (Liberal Industr. Inq.) xxv. 358 We reach, finally, the pressing, but difficult, problem of the redundant workers. When everything possible has been done..there is little doubt that we shall still have to deal with a large surplus of labour in the coal-mining industry. 1958 Spectator 30 May 713/3 Over five thousand other men were rendered redundant. 1969 H. E. Bates Vanished World xii. 156 Nowadays,..it would no doubt be said that I became redundant. I prefer the old way: I was unexpectedly sacked. 2003 Daily Mail (Nexis) 30 May 15 York City Council fears as many as 45 teachers and classroom assistants will be made redundant, most because of stretched finances. b. Of a thing (esp. a building): no longer used or needed for the original purpose. ΚΠ 1950 J. Brooke Goose Cathedral iii. 51 The boathouse..had apparently become, as they say, ‘redundant’, and had been converted into a private residence. 1981 Daily Tel. 27 Jan. 12/5 Two redundant stone-built barns..have been converted into self-catering bunkhouses for walkers. 1987 T. Buxbaum Sc. Doocots 24/2 The adaptation of redundant battlemented windpumps [to house pigeons]. 1995 Independent 19 Oct. (Suppl.) 2/4 Their modishly empty warehouse flats or houses converted from a redundant church. 2007 Independent (Nexis) 21 July 29 Dixons won't sell you a SLR film camera, and you can't get a typewriter ribbon at Ryman's for love or money. When was the last time you saw anyone with a Sony Walkman? One imagines a huge bonfire being built, in which all these redundant items are piled high, along with open-spool tape recorders, pub ashtrays and tea strainers. 6. a. Mathematics and Linguistics. Of a letter, symbol, or other element in a sequence: contributing no additional information; (of a code, message, etc.) containing such elements; (of a feature of a language) that can be removed or disregarded without compromising intelligibility of the string containing it; predictable from its context; (of a language) containing elements or features of this kind. Also in extended use. Cf. redundancy n. 6a, 6b. ΚΠ 1951 Jrnl. Royal Statist. Soc. B. 13 47 Since Q is always followed by U (except in mathematical formulae and abbreviations), the letter U after Q is redundant;..we can define and measure the ‘redundancy’ of a code. 1953 Language 29 36 The redundant features..operate in conjunction with the distinctive features, thereby facilitating the selective process on the part of the listener. 1954 G. A. Miller et al. in Jrnl. Gen. Psychol. 50 131 If a language is highly redundant, the relative information per symbol is much lower than it would be if successive symbols in a message could be chosen independently. 1961 Q. Rev. Biol. 36 28/2 He assumes that 3 bases specify an amino acid, but that some of the 64 possible combinations of bases (4 units taken 3 at a time) are redundant. 1968 Amer. Econ. Rev. 58 11 An appropriately redundant code can almost overcome the lack of reliability of the channel. 1979 E. H. Gombrich Sense of Order iv. 104 If the message reads that the meeting was suspended for lack of a q.u.o.r.u.m. every successive letter can be said to be increasingly redundant. 1980 J. R. Pierce Introd. Information Theory (ed. 2) viii. 165 This means that on the average, we must use a redundant code in which, for each 92 nonredundant message digits, we must include in some way 8 extra check digits. 1993 Atlantic Oct. 98/2 In German, for example, if you abbreviated every word you could still read the sentence, because most of the inflectional endings are redundant. b. Computing. Of program code: executed but having no effect on the output of a program. ΚΠ 1985 E. Pasero in G. Conte & D. Del Corso Multi-microprocessor Syst. for Real-time Applic. vii. 289 It is interesting..to verify the efficiency of the PLZ compiler: the redundant code is only twice the necessary minimal. 1993 S. A. Maguire Writing Solid Code 3 Modern commercial-grade compilers won't generate extra code for the comparison because it is redundant and can be optimized away. 2003 D. Wadsworth in P. Jackson et al. e-Business Fundamentals vii. 179 He did, in fact, write such software..which contained spelling and punctuation errors in the same places..and an identical piece of redundant code. 7. Genetics. a. Of DNA: that does not code for a protein and serves no apparent purpose, typically occurring as repetitive sequences of nucleotides; (also) consisting of such DNA; cf. junk DNA n. at junk n.¹ and adj. Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > genetic components > [adjective] > DNA or RNA > of parts of DNA sense1958 redundant1962 nucleosomal1975 antisense1977 1962 Jrnl. Theoret. Biol. 3 84 Some of the base pair changes are lethal, others..may occur in a genetically inert or redundant DNA region. 1993 E. N. K. Clarkson Invertebr. Palaeontol. & Evol. (ed. 3) ii. 38/1 Such unessential genetic material has been called ‘redundant’ or ‘junk’ DNA. 2005 M. Bjornerud Reading Rocks v. 170 Genomic sequencing of organisms, including humans, has revealed vast stretches of junk DNA, that is, repetitious and redundant segments of the genetic code that have no clear use. b. Of the genetic code or a sequence of nucleotides: = degenerate adj. Additions. ΚΠ 1965 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 53 385 In a highly redundant or degenerate code, there should be multiple sRNA's, each with the same amino acid specificity, but with different anticodons. 1990 EMBO Jrnl. 9 2570/2 cDNA clones of both cyclin A and cyclin B were isolated from a Drosophila adult female cDNA library using redundant oligonucleotide probes. 2006 N.Y. Times 25 July f2/6 A curious feature of the code is that it is redundant, meaning that a given amino acid can be defined by any of several different triplets. II. Plentiful and related senses. 8. Plentiful, copious, abundant. a. Of an immaterial thing, quality, etc. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > abundance > [adjective] goodeOE broadOE fullOE large?c1225 rifec1225 fulsomea1325 abundanta1382 plenteousa1382 copiousc1384 plentifula1400 ranka1400 aboundc1425 affluentc1425 aboundable?1440 seedy1440 manyfulc1450 ample1472 olda1500 richa1500 flowing1526 fertilent1535 wallingc1540 copy1546 abounding1560 fat1563 numbrous1566 good, great store1569 round1592 redundant1594 fruitful1604 cornucopian1609 much1609 plenty?a1610 pukka1619 redundant1621 uberant1622 swelling1628 uberous1633 numerousa1635 superfluent1648 full tide1649 lucky1649 redounding1667 numerose1692 bumper1836 prolific1890 proliferous1915 1594 T. Nashe Terrors of Night I. 375 Much more may I acknowledge all redundant prostrate vassailage to the royall descended Familie of the Careys. a1624 R. Crakanthorpe Vigilius Dormitans (1631) xxxii. 409 Let us then see how well the Cardinal doth prove this redundant corruption in these Acts which now are extant of this fift Councell. 1695 J. Edwards Disc. conc. Old & New-Test. III. i. 3 Where Words are few, but the Sense is full and redundant. 1769 E. Bancroft Ess. Nat. Hist. Guiana 12 Those superundations..are the source of this redundant fertility. 1785 W. Cowper Task i. 226 With foliage of such dark redundant growth. 1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. viii. 57 The materials thus afforded in redundant profusion are rapidly converted into icebergs. 1893 H. P. Liddon et al. Life E. B. Pusey I. xvii. 397 This petition, marked by the redundant earnestness and sustained intensity, which were his characteristics. 1941 W. J. Cash Mind of South ii. 51 His remarkable tendency to seize on lovely words, to roll them in his throat, to heap them in redundant profusion one upon another until meaning vanishes. †b. Of a material object or substance. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > abundance > [adjective] goodeOE broadOE fullOE large?c1225 rifec1225 fulsomea1325 abundanta1382 plenteousa1382 copiousc1384 plentifula1400 ranka1400 aboundc1425 affluentc1425 aboundable?1440 seedy1440 manyfulc1450 ample1472 olda1500 richa1500 flowing1526 fertilent1535 wallingc1540 copy1546 abounding1560 fat1563 numbrous1566 good, great store1569 round1592 redundant1594 fruitful1604 cornucopian1609 much1609 plenty?a1610 pukka1619 redundant1621 uberant1622 swelling1628 uberous1633 numerousa1635 superfluent1648 full tide1649 lucky1649 redounding1667 numerose1692 bumper1836 prolific1890 proliferous1915 the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > abundance > [adjective] > profuse, luxurious, or lush ranka1325 exuberanta1513 profuse1542 lavish1576 profused1608 redundant1621 luxuriant1625 luxurious1644 lush1851 1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy i. i. iii. iv. 50 They ascribe all to this redundant melancholy, which domineeres in them. 1671 J. Milton Samson Agonistes 568 These redundant locks Robustious to no purpose clustring down. View more context for this quotation 1731 J. Arbuthnot Ess. Nature Aliments iv. 37 Notwithstanding the redundant Oil in Fishes they do not increase Fat so much as Flesh. 1755 Doddridge in Palmer Bk. of Praise (1862) 286 Thy hand in autumn richly pours Through all our coasts redundant stores. 1789 E. Darwin Bot. Garden: Pt. II ii. i. 201 Redundant folds of glossy silk surround Her slender waist, and trail upon the ground. 1815 W. Wordsworth Poems I. 227 Redundant are thy locks. 1848 A. Jameson Sacred & Legendary Art (1850) 49 Rubens gives us strong well-built youths with redundant yellow hair. 1876 H. James Roderick Hudson i. 10 The acquaintance..of a handsome, blonde young woman, of redundant contours, speaking a foreign tongue. 9. Characterized by copiousness, fullness, or abundance; teeming with. Also with of. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > abundance > [adjective] > abundantly produced or producing fecundc1400 facund?1504 bountifula1538 redundant?1611 fertilea1616 fruitful1629 prolific1665 productive1672 spawning1682 tousy1895 ?1611 G. Chapman in tr. Homer Iliads iii. Comm. 48 In this Poesie, redundant, I affirme him, and rammish. 1625 in W. Jones Treat. Patience in Tribulation 33 True Poet, rap't into an extasie! And speaking out of a redundant braine. a1653 G. Daniel Vpon Reading in Poems (1878) 24 Y^e Copious East Ransack'd, & ioyn'd to y^e Redundant West. 1755 E. Young Centaur iv, in Wks. (1757) IV. 203 Thou Father of all mercies! of mercy redundant, inexhaustible, source! 1815 R. Southey Ode Written Dec. 1814 xii in Minor Poems ii. 235 Queen of the Seas! enlarge thyself; Redundant as thou art of life and power. 1853 J. B. Marsden Hist. Early Puritans (ed. 2) 243 Henry Smith had preached at St. Clement Danes in rich redundant periods. 1876 J. S. Blackie Songs Relig. & Life 233 Growth the fairest and the sweetest In the green redundant bower. 1942 G. M. Trevelyan Eng. Social Hist. xviii. 560 Women were becoming more athletic..as their skirts became..shorter and less redundant; after the disappearance of the..long sweeping dress..lawn-tennis took the place of croquet. 1991 Jrnl. Royal Musical Assoc. 116 284 The Old Roman melody is more drawn out with melismas, more redundant, more ornate. 2003 C. Jencks Garden Cosmic Speculation iii. 120/1 John..added another octagonal window, so when I started to conceive of it as a library already it was redundant with eight-sided figures. †10. a. Swelling up; overflowing. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > wave > movement of waves > [adjective] > swelling proud1535 swellingc1550 rolling1562 redundanta1651 a1651 C. Love Grace (1652) xiv. 193 In Christ Jesus, as a fountain redundant over-flowing a never flowing [1652 new ed. & ever-flowing] to his people, for of his fulnesse we receive grace for grace. 1719 E. Young Busiris iv. 45 Redundant Nile, Broke from its Channel, overswells the Pass. a1774 A. Tucker Light of Nature Pursued (1777) III. i. 75 Nor will it be incongruous to represent him..riding in whirlwinds, upheaving redundant seas. b. Perhaps: swelling like waves, wave-like. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > unevenness > [adjective] > undulating waved1577 redundant1667 rippling1670 wavya1701 undular1738 undulating1738 up and down1775 waving1810 undulous1862 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ix. 503 His circling Spires, that on the grass Floted redundant . View more context for this quotation 1726 W. Broome in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey IV. xviii. 342 Down from the swelling loins, the vest unbound Floats in bright waves redundant o'er the ground. †11. Redounding, resulting. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > causation > effect, result, or consequence > [adjective] corollaryc1449 consequent1509 resulting?a1560 sequent1575 pursuant1593 following1594 ensuing1604 eventual1607 attendant1617 emergentc1619 resultant1639 resultative1645 consecutive1647 reflexed1653 redundant1654 reflex1654 consequential1655 resultive1655 attending1682 propter hoc1889 ensuant1897 sequential1899 pursuivant1941 1654 E. Wolley tr. ‘G. de Scudéry’ Curia Politiæ 154 With glory or dishonour redundant to my self in those mighty undertakings. B. n. †1. Something which is redundant; spec. a redundant chord or noun (see sense A. 3, redundant noun n. at Compounds). Also figurative. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > a part of speech > noun > [noun] > noun with specific number of cases > with more than the usual number of cases redundant1640 redundant noun1706 the world > relative properties > order > disorder > irregularity > unconformity > [noun] > deviation from rule or standard > one who or that which > by reason of excess redundant1640 1640 T. Fuller Joseph's Coat 174 Let us not willingly bee Hetroclites from his will; either Defectiues, to doe too little, or Redundants, to doe too much. 1650 T. Fuller Pisgah-sight of Palestine ii. x. 217 The Giants bred in Philistia..being Heteroclites, redundants from the rules of nature. 1665 J. Brinsley Posing of Parts (rev. ed.) 106 Heteroclits called Redundants. 1797 Encycl. Brit. XVI. 36/2 The third redundant consists of two tones and a semi-tone. 1857 A. D. Sproat Endeavor towards Universal Alphabet 47 About two-thirds the numbers of types or letters are required..there being no redundants. 2. A person who is no longer needed in a particular job or place of employment. In later use esp.: a person who leaves or loses his or her job for this reason. Cf. redundancy n. 5. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > worker > one who does not work > [noun] > one who has been put out of office > one who is redundant redundant1880 redundantee1963 1880 Daily News 7/2 Although a large number of the redundants are placed upon the staff of the establishment, those whose names do not appear..will..be ‘dropped’ without superannuation or compensation. 1914 Times 10/4 10/4 Offices offering voluntary retirement to redundants. 1975 Times 4 Aug. 12/1 A call for volunteer redundants has not fallen on deaf ears. 1998 B. Dicks et al. in J. Popay et al. Men, Gender Divisions & Welfare iii. xi. 288 What providers see is largely a community of men as frustrated redundants and women as harassed housewives. 3. Engineering. A redundant component of a framework (see sense A. 4a). ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > building or providing with specific parts > specific parts built or constructed > [noun] > framework > specific part of chorda1877 stretcher-bar1883 redundant1953 1953 C.-K. Wang Statically Indeterminate Struct. i. 5 When the equations are solved and the redundants found, they can be put back on the given indeterminate structure and the remaining reactions solved by the equations of statics. 2006 Computers & Structures 84 773/1 The structure is twice statically indeterminate, and the redundants are selected as the internal forces of members 3 and 8. Compounds redundant hyperbola n. [after post-classical Latin hyperbola reduntans ( Newton Opticks (1704) ii. 145)] now rare a hyperbola having three infinite branches. ΚΠ 1710 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum II Redundant Hyperbola is one so called, because it exceeds the Conical Sections, in the Number of its Hyperbolical Legs; being a Triple Hyperbola with six Hyperbolical Legs. 1811 C. Hutton Course Math. III. 196 In every redundant hyperbola, if neither term cy be wanting, nor b² − 4ac = ae√a, the curve will have no diameter. 1866 A. Cayley Coll. Math. Papers (1892) V. 360 In the former case, the asymptotes are all real, and we have the redundant hyperbola. 1911 Encycl. Brit. VII. 660/1 The genera [of cubic curves] may be arranged as follows:—1,2,3,4 redundant hyperbolas, 5,6 defective hyperbolas, [etc.]. 2007 Teaching of Math. 10 60 The curve intersects u in three different ways... A possible general point is (t² : 1 − t : t³ − t) = (s : s³ − s² : s² − 1). Such a curve is called a redundant hyperbola. † redundant noun n. Grammar Obsolete a noun which deviates from the regular declension in having an extra case or number (cf. heteroclite adj. 1). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > a part of speech > noun > [noun] > noun with specific number of cases > with more than the usual number of cases redundant1640 redundant noun1706 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Redundant Nouns, (in Grammar) are those that have a Number or particular Case more than is usual. 1836 R. Hiley Elements Lat. Gram. 4 A Redundant noun is one that has more than one termination. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.?1577
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