reduplicateadj.n.

Brit.

/rᵻˈdjuːplᵻkət/,

/ˌriːˈdjuːplᵻkət/,

/rᵻˈdʒuːplᵻkət/,

/ˌriːˈdʒuːplᵻkət/, U.S.

/riˈd(j)upləkət/,

/rəˈd(j)upləkət/

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin reduplicātus, reduplicāre.

Etymology: < classical Latin reduplicātus, past participle of reduplicāre reduplicate v. Compare earlier reduplicate v. Compare also slightly earlier reduplicated adj.

A. adj.

1. Repeated, doubled. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > relationship > imitation > [adjective] > reproducing or repeating in a copy > repeated in a copy

reiterate?a1425

like1588

reduplicated1598

reduplicate?1609

ingeminate1637

ectypal1642

extypal1678

the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > two > multiplication by two > [adjective]

doublec1305

ydoubled1340

doubledc1430

redoubled1540

duple1542

duplicate1548

duplat?1553

reduplicated1598

reduplicate?1609

ingeminate1637

duplicated1643

ingeminated1658

twofold1812

double-banked1929

?1609 J. Healey tr. Bp. J. Hall Discouery New World iii. 179 O what pathetique spirit can expresse the reduplicate delight shall from hence redound both to the eye and the eare.

1647 H. More Philos. Poems ii. ii. ii. xxxvi Lesse active, lesse reduplicate, lesse free.

1822 J. M. Good Study Med. IV. 59 Reduplicate menstruation. Excessive from a too frequent recurrence.

1827 T. Hood Plea Midsummer Fairies lxii, in Plea Midsummer Fairies & Other Poems 32 By silver trouts upspringing from green shade, And winking stars reduplicate at night, Spare us.

1879 R. N. Khory Digest Med. 57 Very often the sounds are more or less doubled or repeated and are called reduplicate sounds.

1946 Metrop. Mus. Art Bull. 4 135/2 The reduplicate preservation of these unfinished sketches in twenty sets of bronzes.

2. Linguistics. Connected with or involving reduplication (reduplication n. 2b).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > other grammatical categories or concepts > [adjective] > formed by reduplication

reduplicated1657

reduplicate1751

reduplicative1801

1751 B. Holloway Originals Physical & Theol. II. 184 So, does the reduplicate Verb שרר Sharar, signify, to have the Power of Inspection.

1762 J. Parkhurst Hebrew & Eng. Lexicon vii. p. ix Irregular Verbs may be comprehended under two kinds, defective and reduplicate.

1810 H. P. Forster Ess. Princ. Sanskrit Gram. i. ii. 63 The root takes a reduplicate syllable.

1841 R. G. Latham Eng. Lang. xvi. 276 In the present English there is no Perfect or Reduplicate form.

1879 J. Earle Philol. Eng. Tongue (ed. 3) vi. 278 The German ging..indicates a reduplicate form which was lost in English.

1924 Bull. School Oriental Stud. 3 576 From its form, ṣaṣumtu is clearly Semitic, but murdudū, from the characters used to express the reduplicate ending, is just as certainly Sumerian.

1979 Chinese Lit. 1 142 The reduplicate compound yu-yu implies both temporal and spatial ‘length’.

1994 Oceanic Linguistics 33 514 Most of these stems also occur with the productive reduplicate affixes.

3. Botany. Originally: (of aestivation or vernation) having the edges of the sepals, petals, or leaves turned or rolled outwards (cf. induplicate adj.). Later also: (of a plicate leaf) folded to form an inverted-V shape, with the abaxial surfaces facing each other.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > flower or part containing reproductive organs > [adjective] > of flower-bud or aestivation

quincuncial1672

valvate1829

induplicate1830

supervolute1832

vexillary1832

quincunxial1835

reduplicate1838

supervolutive1841

reduplicative1856

induplicative1864

indeterminate1880

1838 J. C. Loudon Arboretum II. lxix. 1083 G[ypsocallis] carnea..Leaves 3—4 in a whorl, linear, glabrous, sharply reduplicate.

1870 R. Bentley Man. Bot. (ed. 2) i. iv. 211 When the margins are turned outwards under the same circumstances..the æstivation is reduplicate.

1924 L. H. Bailey Man. Cultivated Plants 125 Vernation..of two main types—induplicate when the faces or upper surfaces of the plaits are folded together, and reduplicate when the backs of the plaits lie against each other.

1972 Amer. Jrnl. Bot. 59 776/2 Pinnae in Sygarus are reduplicate in vernation, i.e. the midrib of each pinna is attached to the rachis of the leaf above the margins and the individual pinnae are inverted V-shaped in cross section.

1993 Biotropica 25 3/2 The stem has conspicuous leaf scars, a well developed crown shaft, and 4–7 large reduplicate pinnate leaves.

B. n.

A duplicate, a double; a result of reduplication; (Linguistics) a reduplicated linguistic element.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical proposition > term of a proposition > [noun] > use of same term twice > reduplicative particle

reduplicative1569

reduplicate1657

the world > relative properties > relationship > imitation > [noun] > action of repeating in a copy or making a copy > duplicate or exact copy

counterpanec1475

counterparta1676

facsimile1691

duplicate1701

rescript1729

double1798

reduplicate1803

duplication1872

dupe1916

carbon copy1926

spit1929

clone1977

the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > two > multiplication by two > [noun] > a doubling addition or duplicate

reduplicate1816

repeat1841

duplicative1884

1657 J. Gaule Sapientia Justificata 73 Therefore then (the illative is a reduplicate, and concludes so much the stronger) etc.

1800 F. Gladwin Persian Moonshee (ed. 3) I. (Arabick Grammar) 22 Ta-leel signifies changing the Illut letters..and blending together the reduplicates.

1803 G. S. Faber Diss. Myst. Cabiri II. 275 (note) It is manifest, that both these stories are in substance the same, for the second is merely the reduplicate of the first.

1816 G. S. Faber Origin Pagan Idolatry II. 238 Which number [14] is the mere reduplicate of seven.

1840 G. S. Faber Christ's Disc. Capernaum iii. 38 We would employ it pretty nearly as a reduplicate or synonyme of the word living.

1960 Monumenta Nipponica 16 318 A further subtype among such entries is the reduplicate, a compound..which consists of the boji itself written twice.

1996 D. A. Odden Phonol. & Morphol. Kimatuumbi iv. 163 The vowels of the reduplicate shorten, as expected.

2006 Bradenton (Florida) Herald (Nexis) 7 May (Features section) 2 Our area remains a mecca for Castilian kitsch and Roman reduplicates.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

reduplicatev.

Brit.

/rᵻˈdjuːplᵻkeɪt/,

/ˌriːˈdjuːplᵻkeɪt/,

/rᵻˈdʒuːplᵻkeɪt/,

/ˌriːˈdʒuːplᵻkeɪt/, U.S.

/riˈd(j)upləˌkeɪt/,

/rəˈd(j)upləˌkeɪt/

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin reduplicāt-, reduplicāre.

Etymology: < classical Latin reduplicāt-, past participial stem (see -ate suffix³) of reduplicāre to double in amount or size, in post-classical Latin also to redouble, repeat (14th cent. in British sources) < re- re- prefix + duplicāre duplicate v. Compare later reduplicate adj. and earlier reduplication n. Compare also earlier redouble v.¹With sense 2 compare earlier reduplicated adj. 1b.

a. transitive. To make double; to repeat, redouble.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > relationship > imitation > imitate [verb (transitive)] > repeat in a copy

counterfeit1362

to take out1530

take1538

reduplicate1570

imitate1590

counter-make1595

ingeminate1625

replicate1661

recopy1684

takea1715

reproduce1838

duplicate1860

facsimile1862

carbon copy1914

the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > two > multiplication by two > multiply by two or double [verb (transitive)]

doublec1290

duplec1425

redouble1477

duplify1509

reduplicate1570

duplicate1623

ingeminate1625

geminatea1637

twice1637

iterate1660

1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Di^v/2 To Reduplicate, reduplicare.

1616 T. Coryate Traveller for Eng. Wits 44 For of him I haue learned whatsoever superficial skill I haue gotten in the Italian tongue: pray reduplicate my commendations vnto him.

a1657 R. Loveday Lett. (1663) 256 I think it will prove no unwelcom Office to you, to reduplicate the old token.

1660 Bp. J. Taylor Ductor Dubitantium II. iii. i. 14 When the preceptive or prohibitive clauses are reduplicated.

1717 L. Howel Desiderius (ed. 3) 79 He reduplicates his consolatory Grace.

1812 G. Chalmers Hist. View Domest. Econ. Great Brit. & Ireland 428 The Irish people..augmented their gains, and reduplicated their capital.

1850 B. Taylor Eldorado I. iv. 23 The firmament..reduplicating its hues on the glassy sea.

1878 H. C. Lea Wager of Law in Superstit. & Force (ed. 3) 27 The plan of reduplicating oaths on different altars was an established practice among the Anglo-Saxons.

1924 A. J. Allmand & H. J. T. Ellingham Princ. Appl. Electrochem. (ed. 2) xxiv. 622 An alloy averaging Cu 87.05, Sn 8.24, Pb 1.27, Zn 3.42, P 0.017, was reduplicated thirteen times successively.

1957 Amer. Sociol. Rev. 22 642 The recent propensity of the Russians to claim priority in..scientific discoveries thus energetically reduplicates the earlier..propensity of other nations to claim like priorities.

1995 C. M. Pate End of Age has Come 225 What we will say here necessarily reduplicates some of the points made earlier in this study.

b. intransitive. To become double or doubled; to multiply.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > two > multiplication by two > be multiplied by two or doubled [verb (intransitive)]

doublec1320

redouble?1473

reduplicate1618

duplicate1646

1618 G. Chapman tr. Hesiod Bk. Dayes in tr. Hesiod Georgicks 39 The Phoenix, ninefolde doth reduplicate.

1709 T. Robinson Vindic. Mosaick Syst. 109 in Ess. Nat. Hist. Westmorland & Cumberland It returns to the Center of the Soul; and reduplicates in the other parts of the Body.

1828 London Med. & Physical Jrnl. New Ser. 4 411 I am well satisfied..that carious lamellae, left to nature, are more prone to reduplicate than to exfoliate.

1866 London Rev. 6 Jan. 6/2 The people..went on reduplicating with a fecundity which [etc.].

1914 Amer. Naturalist 48 545 The eight cells then represent the eight possible kinds of gametes, and are supposed to reduplicate independently until the proper proportions are reached.

1995 Japan Econ. Newswire (Nexis) 24 Oct. These experiments showed that the virus spills into the blood system after reduplicating in the lungs.

2004 R. Arellano Don Dimaio of La Plata 37 Those tits on top of Proletarian Bank start reduplicating.

2. transitive. Linguistics. To repeat (a word or other linguistic element); to form (a tense) by reduplication (reduplication n. 2b). Also intransitive: to undergo reduplication.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > tense > form tense [verb (transitive)] > by reduplication

reduplicate1748

1748 T. Nugent tr. C. Lancelot et al. Primitives Greek Tongue liii. 53 He, a particle used to express pain or lamentation, and is generally reduplicated.

1758 T. Nugent tr. C. Lancelot et al. New Method learning Lat. Tongue I. iv. 176 There was a far greater number of verbs that reduplicated, than there are at present.

1801 Monthly Mag. 11 31/1 H. contends, from Sir W. Jones..who speaks of a double aspirate in Muhhammed, that the Heth may be reduplicated.

1832 S. Lee Gram. Hebrew Lang. (ed. 2) vii. 105 Those [nouns] which are augmented,..reduplicating, or not, at the same time, any of their letters or syllables.

1870 F. W. Farrar Families of Speech iii. 119 In the perfect the second letter is often reduplicated, as in Rabab.

1909 A. L. Kroeber Notes Shoshonean Dialects 252 It appears that inanimate as well as animate nouns are reduplicated.

1932 Amer. Anthropologist 34 646 Hsiung as ‘older brother’ has now been superseded by ko, which is usually reduplicated as ko ko.

1973 Sci. Amer. Feb. 59/1 The manner in which two-syllable adjectives reduplicate is different... A verb reduplicates by the entire word, but the adjective reduplicates in terms of its constituent syllables.

2006 J. Z. Xing Teaching & Learning Chinese as Foreign Lang. v. 120 When adjectives are reduplicated, they either intensify the quality of what the adjective describes..or make what the adjective describes more descriptive and vivid.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	reduplicate
释义	reduplicateadj.n. Brit. /rᵻˈdjuːplᵻkət/, /ˌriːˈdjuːplᵻkət/, /rᵻˈdʒuːplᵻkət/, /ˌriːˈdʒuːplᵻkət/, U.S. /riˈd(j)upləkət/, /rəˈd(j)upləkət/ Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin reduplicātus, reduplicāre. Etymology: < classical Latin reduplicātus, past participle of reduplicāre reduplicate v. Compare earlier reduplicate v. Compare also slightly earlier reduplicated adj. A. adj. 1. Repeated, doubled. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > imitation > [adjective] > reproducing or repeating in a copy > repeated in a copy reiterate?a1425 like1588 reduplicated1598 reduplicate?1609 ingeminate1637 ectypal1642 extypal1678 the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > two > multiplication by two > [adjective] doublec1305 ydoubled1340 doubledc1430 redoubled1540 duple1542 duplicate1548 duplat?1553 reduplicated1598 reduplicate?1609 ingeminate1637 duplicated1643 ingeminated1658 twofold1812 double-banked1929 ?1609 J. Healey tr. Bp. J. Hall Discouery New World iii. 179 O what pathetique spirit can expresse the reduplicate delight shall from hence redound both to the eye and the eare. 1647 H. More Philos. Poems ii. ii. ii. xxxvi Lesse active, lesse reduplicate, lesse free. 1822 J. M. Good Study Med. IV. 59 Reduplicate menstruation. Excessive from a too frequent recurrence. 1827 T. Hood Plea Midsummer Fairies lxii, in Plea Midsummer Fairies & Other Poems 32 By silver trouts upspringing from green shade, And winking stars reduplicate at night, Spare us. 1879 R. N. Khory Digest Med. 57 Very often the sounds are more or less doubled or repeated and are called reduplicate sounds. 1946 Metrop. Mus. Art Bull. 4 135/2 The reduplicate preservation of these unfinished sketches in twenty sets of bronzes. 2. Linguistics. Connected with or involving reduplication (reduplication n. 2b). ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > other grammatical categories or concepts > [adjective] > formed by reduplication reduplicated1657 reduplicate1751 reduplicative1801 1751 B. Holloway Originals Physical & Theol. II. 184 So, does the reduplicate Verb שרר Sharar, signify, to have the Power of Inspection. 1762 J. Parkhurst Hebrew & Eng. Lexicon vii. p. ix Irregular Verbs may be comprehended under two kinds, defective and reduplicate. 1810 H. P. Forster Ess. Princ. Sanskrit Gram. i. ii. 63 The root takes a reduplicate syllable. 1841 R. G. Latham Eng. Lang. xvi. 276 In the present English there is no Perfect or Reduplicate form. 1879 J. Earle Philol. Eng. Tongue (ed. 3) vi. 278 The German ging..indicates a reduplicate form which was lost in English. 1924 Bull. School Oriental Stud. 3 576 From its form, ṣaṣumtu is clearly Semitic, but murdudū, from the characters used to express the reduplicate ending, is just as certainly Sumerian. 1979 Chinese Lit. 1 142 The reduplicate compound yu-yu implies both temporal and spatial ‘length’. 1994 Oceanic Linguistics 33 514 Most of these stems also occur with the productive reduplicate affixes. 3. Botany. Originally: (of aestivation or vernation) having the edges of the sepals, petals, or leaves turned or rolled outwards (cf. induplicate adj.). Later also: (of a plicate leaf) folded to form an inverted-V shape, with the abaxial surfaces facing each other. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > flower or part containing reproductive organs > [adjective] > of flower-bud or aestivation quincuncial1672 valvate1829 induplicate1830 supervolute1832 vexillary1832 quincunxial1835 reduplicate1838 supervolutive1841 reduplicative1856 induplicative1864 indeterminate1880 1838 J. C. Loudon Arboretum II. lxix. 1083 G[ypsocallis] carnea..Leaves 3—4 in a whorl, linear, glabrous, sharply reduplicate. 1870 R. Bentley Man. Bot. (ed. 2) i. iv. 211 When the margins are turned outwards under the same circumstances..the æstivation is reduplicate. 1924 L. H. Bailey Man. Cultivated Plants 125 Vernation..of two main types—induplicate when the faces or upper surfaces of the plaits are folded together, and reduplicate when the backs of the plaits lie against each other. 1972 Amer. Jrnl. Bot. 59 776/2 Pinnae in Sygarus are reduplicate in vernation, i.e. the midrib of each pinna is attached to the rachis of the leaf above the margins and the individual pinnae are inverted V-shaped in cross section. 1993 Biotropica 25 3/2 The stem has conspicuous leaf scars, a well developed crown shaft, and 4–7 large reduplicate pinnate leaves. B. n. A duplicate, a double; a result of reduplication; (Linguistics) a reduplicated linguistic element. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical proposition > term of a proposition > [noun] > use of same term twice > reduplicative particle reduplicative1569 reduplicate1657 the world > relative properties > relationship > imitation > [noun] > action of repeating in a copy or making a copy > duplicate or exact copy counterpanec1475 counterparta1676 facsimile1691 duplicate1701 rescript1729 double1798 reduplicate1803 duplication1872 dupe1916 carbon copy1926 spit1929 clone1977 the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > two > multiplication by two > [noun] > a doubling addition or duplicate reduplicate1816 repeat1841 duplicative1884 1657 J. Gaule Sapientia Justificata 73 Therefore then (the illative is a reduplicate, and concludes so much the stronger) etc. 1800 F. Gladwin Persian Moonshee (ed. 3) I. (Arabick Grammar) 22 Ta-leel signifies changing the Illut letters..and blending together the reduplicates. 1803 G. S. Faber Diss. Myst. Cabiri II. 275 (note) It is manifest, that both these stories are in substance the same, for the second is merely the reduplicate of the first. 1816 G. S. Faber Origin Pagan Idolatry II. 238 Which number [14] is the mere reduplicate of seven. 1840 G. S. Faber Christ's Disc. Capernaum iii. 38 We would employ it pretty nearly as a reduplicate or synonyme of the word living. 1960 Monumenta Nipponica 16 318 A further subtype among such entries is the reduplicate, a compound..which consists of the boji itself written twice. 1996 D. A. Odden Phonol. & Morphol. Kimatuumbi iv. 163 The vowels of the reduplicate shorten, as expected. 2006 Bradenton (Florida) Herald (Nexis) 7 May (Features section) 2 Our area remains a mecca for Castilian kitsch and Roman reduplicates. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). reduplicatev. Brit. /rᵻˈdjuːplᵻkeɪt/, /ˌriːˈdjuːplᵻkeɪt/, /rᵻˈdʒuːplᵻkeɪt/, /ˌriːˈdʒuːplᵻkeɪt/, U.S. /riˈd(j)upləˌkeɪt/, /rəˈd(j)upləˌkeɪt/ Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin reduplicāt-, reduplicāre. Etymology: < classical Latin reduplicāt-, past participial stem (see -ate suffix³) of reduplicāre to double in amount or size, in post-classical Latin also to redouble, repeat (14th cent. in British sources) < re- re- prefix + duplicāre duplicate v. Compare later reduplicate adj. and earlier reduplication n. Compare also earlier redouble v.¹With sense 2 compare earlier reduplicated adj. 1b. 1. a. transitive. To make double; to repeat, redouble. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > imitation > imitate [verb (transitive)] > repeat in a copy counterfeit1362 to take out1530 take1538 reduplicate1570 imitate1590 counter-make1595 ingeminate1625 replicate1661 recopy1684 takea1715 reproduce1838 duplicate1860 facsimile1862 carbon copy1914 the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > two > multiplication by two > multiply by two or double [verb (transitive)] doublec1290 duplec1425 redouble1477 duplify1509 reduplicate1570 duplicate1623 ingeminate1625 geminatea1637 twice1637 iterate1660 1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Di^v/2 To Reduplicate, reduplicare. 1616 T. Coryate Traveller for Eng. Wits 44 For of him I haue learned whatsoever superficial skill I haue gotten in the Italian tongue: pray reduplicate my commendations vnto him. a1657 R. Loveday Lett. (1663) 256 I think it will prove no unwelcom Office to you, to reduplicate the old token. 1660 Bp. J. Taylor Ductor Dubitantium II. iii. i. 14 When the preceptive or prohibitive clauses are reduplicated. 1717 L. Howel Desiderius (ed. 3) 79 He reduplicates his consolatory Grace. 1812 G. Chalmers Hist. View Domest. Econ. Great Brit. & Ireland 428 The Irish people..augmented their gains, and reduplicated their capital. 1850 B. Taylor Eldorado I. iv. 23 The firmament..reduplicating its hues on the glassy sea. 1878 H. C. Lea Wager of Law in Superstit. & Force (ed. 3) 27 The plan of reduplicating oaths on different altars was an established practice among the Anglo-Saxons. 1924 A. J. Allmand & H. J. T. Ellingham Princ. Appl. Electrochem. (ed. 2) xxiv. 622 An alloy averaging Cu 87.05, Sn 8.24, Pb 1.27, Zn 3.42, P 0.017, was reduplicated thirteen times successively. 1957 Amer. Sociol. Rev. 22 642 The recent propensity of the Russians to claim priority in..scientific discoveries thus energetically reduplicates the earlier..propensity of other nations to claim like priorities. 1995 C. M. Pate End of Age has Come 225 What we will say here necessarily reduplicates some of the points made earlier in this study. b. intransitive. To become double or doubled; to multiply. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > two > multiplication by two > be multiplied by two or doubled [verb (intransitive)] doublec1320 redouble?1473 reduplicate1618 duplicate1646 1618 G. Chapman tr. Hesiod Bk. Dayes in tr. Hesiod Georgicks 39 The Phoenix, ninefolde doth reduplicate. 1709 T. Robinson Vindic. Mosaick Syst. 109 in Ess. Nat. Hist. Westmorland & Cumberland It returns to the Center of the Soul; and reduplicates in the other parts of the Body. 1828 London Med. & Physical Jrnl. New Ser. 4 411 I am well satisfied..that carious lamellae, left to nature, are more prone to reduplicate than to exfoliate. 1866 London Rev. 6 Jan. 6/2 The people..went on reduplicating with a fecundity which [etc.]. 1914 Amer. Naturalist 48 545 The eight cells then represent the eight possible kinds of gametes, and are supposed to reduplicate independently until the proper proportions are reached. 1995 Japan Econ. Newswire (Nexis) 24 Oct. These experiments showed that the virus spills into the blood system after reduplicating in the lungs. 2004 R. Arellano Don Dimaio of La Plata 37 Those tits on top of Proletarian Bank start reduplicating. 2. transitive. Linguistics. To repeat (a word or other linguistic element); to form (a tense) by reduplication (reduplication n. 2b). Also intransitive: to undergo reduplication. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > tense > form tense [verb (transitive)] > by reduplication reduplicate1748 1748 T. Nugent tr. C. Lancelot et al. Primitives Greek Tongue liii. 53 He, a particle used to express pain or lamentation, and is generally reduplicated. 1758 T. Nugent tr. C. Lancelot et al. New Method learning Lat. Tongue I. iv. 176 There was a far greater number of verbs that reduplicated, than there are at present. 1801 Monthly Mag. 11 31/1 H. contends, from Sir W. Jones..who speaks of a double aspirate in Muhhammed, that the Heth may be reduplicated. 1832 S. Lee Gram. Hebrew Lang. (ed. 2) vii. 105 Those [nouns] which are augmented,..reduplicating, or not, at the same time, any of their letters or syllables. 1870 F. W. Farrar Families of Speech iii. 119 In the perfect the second letter is often reduplicated, as in Rabab. 1909 A. L. Kroeber Notes Shoshonean Dialects 252 It appears that inanimate as well as animate nouns are reduplicated. 1932 Amer. Anthropologist 34 646 Hsiung as ‘older brother’ has now been superseded by ko, which is usually reduplicated as ko ko. 1973 Sci. Amer. Feb. 59/1 The manner in which two-syllable adjectives reduplicate is different... A verb reduplicates by the entire word, but the adjective reduplicates in terms of its constituent syllables. 2006 J. Z. Xing Teaching & Learning Chinese as Foreign Lang. v. 120 When adjectives are reduplicated, they either intensify the quality of what the adjective describes..or make what the adjective describes more descriptive and vivid. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.?1609v.1570
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