besideadv.prep.

/bɪˈsʌɪd/

Forms: Middle English bisiden, Middle English bi-side, bisyde, byside, Middle English bisid, bisyd, biseid, ( bezide), Middle English besiden, bysyde, Middle English–1500s bisyde(n, besyde, Middle English byside(n, Middle English– beside.

Etymology: Middle English bi siden , bisiden < Old English be sídan, i.e. be by, sídan (dative singular) side. Found in Old English only as two words, but by 1200 used as an adverb and preposition. Compare the similar history of bihalve phr., adv., and prep., which in early times was a synonym of this.

A. adv.

1. By the side, by one's side.

†a. literal. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > quality of having sides or being a side > [adverb] > along the side or by the side

besidec1275

besidesc1275

sidelong1592

alongside1740

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 6128 Bi-siden [c1300 Otho bi-side] heo gunnen heongen cniues swiðe longe.

c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Franklin's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 533 To Britayne tooke they the righte way [Aur]elius and this Magicien bisyde.

a1500 (?c1400) Sir Triamour (Cambr.) (1937) l. 545 Some on horsys and some besyde.

1582 A. Munday Eng. Romayne Lyfe sig. G4 Kirbie, quaking when he felt the Cart goe away, looked styll how neere the ende of it was, tyl he was quite beside.

†b. Side by side in rank, on a level. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > state or position of being parallel > [adverb] > abreast

side by sidec1275

beside1340

afronta1425

side to side?c1450

sidelingsa1540

abreast1567

evenly1583

breastwise1613

fair1685

sidelong1803

sidlingly1859

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 125 Hi yelt..loue to ham þet byeþ bezide, grace to ham þet byeþ beneþe.

c. Hard by, close, near. archaic. †Rarely of time (see quot. c1380). Obsolete. (Mostly an elliptical use of the prep., or with here-, there-, in place of object.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > distance > nearness > [adverb]

nighOE

anewstOE

nearOE

yhendeOE

hendc1175

hendena1200

anighc1275

besidesc1275

bihalvec1275

beside1297

narc1325

on (also upon) hand (also hands)c1330

bya1400

anighsta1425

nearabout?a1425

near-awaya1586

a hand1637

anear1798

the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > [adverb] > near in time > imminent or close at hand

beside1297

fast byc1300

neara1400

towards1468

hard by1535

1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. 558 Þo sei he þer biside..þe erles baner of Gloucetre.

c1314 Guy Warw. 56 An abbay That was bisiden on the way.

c1380 J. Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 44 [L. Juxta est dies perdicionis] Bisyde is þe day of perdicioun..Biside, þat is, neer is þe day [1611 Deut. xxxii. 35 at hand].

1517 R. Torkington Oldest Diarie Englysshe Trav. (1884) 20 A lityll ther be syd stondyth an old Churche.

1798 S. T. Coleridge Anc. Marinere iv, in W. Wordsworth & S. T. Coleridge Lyrical Ballads 23 The moving Moon went up the sky..And a star or two beside.

1805 R. Southey Madoc ii. xvi. 331 Mervyn, beside, Hangs over his dear mistress silently.

a. In addition, over and above; = besides adv. 2 (by which this is now usually expressed).

ΚΠ

1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. 92 Of þe lond of France, and of oþer londes bi syde.

1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 30 Hem nedeth..Of straunge londes helpe beside.

1477 Earl Rivers tr. Dictes or Sayengis Philosophhres (Caxton) (1877) lf. 72^v The goode dedis that thou shalt do besyde.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 1 (1623) iv. i. 25 My selfe, and diuers Gentlemen beside .

1692 E. Walker tr. Epictetus Enchiridion xx Now if the same Behaviour be your Guide, In all the actions of your life beside.

1766 O. Goldsmith Vicar of Wakefield II. v. 80 We can readily marry her to another, and what is more, she may keep her lover beside.

1825 T. Carlyle Life Schiller (1845) i. 11 It was by stealth if he read or wrote any thing beside.

b. As an additional consideration; moreover; = besides adv. 2b (by which now usually expressed).

ΚΠ

1592 R. Greene Thirde Pt. Conny-catching sig. B3 The Maide..was not a little ioyfull to see him: beside, shee seemed proud that her kinsman was so neat a youth.

1663 S. Butler Hudibras: First Pt. i. i. 10 Beside he was a shrewd Philosopher.

1871 R. Browning Balaustion 148 Beside, when he found speech, you guess the speech.

3. Otherwise, else; = besides adv. 3 (by which this is now usually expressed).

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > relationship > contrariety or contrast > [adverb] > else, otherwise, or under other conditions

elseOE

otherwisea1393

beside1598

1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost i. i. 40 And one day in a weeke to touch no foode: And but one meale on euery day beside .

1649 J. Milton Εικονοκλαστης Pref. sig. C Rebels..to God in all thir actions beside.

1734 A. Pope Ess. Man: Epist. IV 233 To all beside, as much an empty Shade.

1816 J. Wilson City of Plague ii. i. 146 We talk'd Of thee and none beside.

1843 E. Jones Stud. Sensation & Event 57 And these forgetting, all beside In life will darken.

†4.

a. On or to one side, apart. Obsolete. (Now aside adv., prep., adj., and n.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > sideways movement or a sideways movement > [adverb] > aside or to the side

asidec1330

forbyec1330

besidea1400

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 3622 She went bi syde & hir bi þouȝt.

c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 56 Peter tok him be side, & be gan to blam him.

c1485 Digby Myst. (1882) ii. 191 Goo thou..In-to the Cyte a lytyll be-syde.

1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) xi. 344 Ye toyer bataillis suld be gangand Besid on sid a litill space.

1551 R. Robinson tr. T. More Vtopia sig. Rii Whiles y^e armes be fighting together in open feld, they a litle beside not farre of knele vpon their knees.

†b. esp. with set, put, leave, etc. (See aside adv. 4).

ΚΠ

1414 T. Brampton Paraphr. Seven Penit. Psalms lxxxvi. 33 Lust and lykyng I sette be syde.

1436 in T. Wright Polit. Poems & Songs (1859) II. 187 Yeue us grace alle sloughte to leue bysyde.

1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Matt. i. f. 21 He set his elder brother besyde.

a1604 M. Hanmer Chron. Ireland 17 in J. Ware Two Hist. Ireland (1633) In the end, the two sonnes were put beside.

†5. Toward the side, sidewise. Obsolete (= aside adv. 7).

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > direction > specific directions > [adverb] > in sideways direction

sidelonga1398

sidelings?a1400

sidelingc1425

laterallyc1454

sidewarda1513

sidewise1531

besidec1540

sideway1561

sideways1572

c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 1221 Lamydon at the laste lokit besyde.

†6. By the side so as to miss, by, past. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement over, across, through, or past > [adverb] > past

forthbyc1386

herebyc1400

besidec1450

besides1619

past1790

pass1971

c1450 J. Lydgate Stans Puer (Lamb. 853) in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 31 Fille not þi spoon lest in þe cariage It scheede bi side, it were not commendable.

1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection ii. sig. Kiiii^v And where it purposeth to go ouer the brygge, it gothe besyde & falleth in the dyche.

1594 W. Shakespeare Venus & Adonis (new ed.) sig. G^v Yet sometimes fals an orient drop beside, Which her cheeke melts.

B. prep.

1. literal. By the side of; hence, close to, hard by.

a. strictly. By the side of a person, animal, or thing that has a recognized side. (The more definite by the side of, by his, her, etc. side, is now often used instead, as being more distinct from b.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > distance > nearness > near to [preposition] > next to or beside

nexteOE

toc1000

alongstc1180

besidesc1200

besidec1275

next handa1400

hard byc1450

juxta1860

upsides1883

the world > space > relative position > quality of having sides or being a side > on the side of [preposition] > along or by the side of

alongeOE

alongstc1180

besidesc1200

besidec1275

aboard1449

longs1488

sidelong1577

aside?1615

alongside1704

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 10682 Þer fæht Baldulf bi-siden his broðer.

a1300 Cursor Mundi 1787 Þe leon suam beside þe hert.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 3873 Bisid lya al night he lai.

1493 Festivall (1515) 10 Thenne falleth his sede besyde the waye.

1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. GGGii^v The thefe that hang on the crosse, besyde our lorde.

1611 Bible (King James) Psalms xxiii. 2 He leadeth mee beside the still waters.

1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 460. ⁋7 The boy who stood beside her.

1727 J. Thomson Summer 10 Beside the Brink Of haunted Stream.

1766 O. Goldsmith Vicar of Wakefield II. ii. 41 We sate beside his kitchen fire.

1816 J. Wilson City of Plague i. i. 319 Let me sit down beside you.

b. Less exactly: Close to, near any part of, by.

ΚΠ

c1320 Seuyn Sag. (W.) 3315 That castell That the se ran fast byside.

c1375 J. Wyclif Wks. (1880) 189 She saat bisiden cristis feet.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 8207 And did biside þam lampes light.

c1450 How Good Wijf (Lamb. 853) in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 45 Please weel þi neiȝboris þat dwelle þee biside.

1611 Bible (King James) Song of Sol. i. 8 Feede thy kiddes beside the shepheards tents.

c1680 W. Beveridge Serm. (1729) II. 299 It doth not fall upon him but beside him.

1884 ‘L. Keith’ Venetia's Lov. II. 11 You'll come beside us in the drawing room.

†c. Formerly with names of towns, etc.; now superseded by by, near. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > distance > nearness > near to [preposition] > next to or beside > with names of places

besidec1200

c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 31 Þe herdes wakeden ouer here oref biside þe burch belleem.

1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. 558 To a toun biside Wircetre, þat Kemeseie ihote is.

1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Gen. xiii. 18 Abram..dwellide biside the valey of Mambre.

1418 in F. J. Furnivall Fifty Earliest Eng. Wills (1882) 32 Seint Gyles beside Holbourne.

1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. xiv. 14 At the palaice of Westminster, beside London.

1581 J. Marbeck Bk. Notes & Common Places 556 He..was buried a little beside the same Citie.

d. figurative. (a) Side by side with in rank, on a level with. (b) By the side of for comparison, compared with.

ΚΠ

a1522 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil Æneid (1957) i. Prol. 359 Besyde Latyne our langage is imperfite.

1844 J. Ruskin Mod. Painters (ed. 2) I. Pref. p. xxviii Gainsborough's power of colour..is capable of taking rank beside that of Rubens.

a. In addition to, over and above, as well as; = besides prep. 2 (by which now usually expressed).

ΚΠ

1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 3697 Bot speciel prayers with gude entente, Þat es made besyde þe sacramente.

c1380 J. Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 435 For þise sixe kyndenessis bysyde goostliche suffragies.

1558 Bp. T. Watson Holsome Doctr. Seuen Sacramentes xxx. f. clxxxvii The priest..beside his praiers, doth minister the outwarde sacrament of Aneiling.

1611 Bible (King James) Lev. xxiii. 38 Beside the Sabbaths of the Lord, and beside your gifts.

1774 J. Reynolds Disc. Royal Acad. (1876) vi. 396 Beside his master Andrea Sacchi, he imitated Rafaelle.

1832 J. C. Hare in Philol. Museum 1 59 Beside the planets usually seen, there are other stars.

1879 G. H. Lewes Study Psychol. 70 Other men beside ourselves.

†b. with object clause; = besides prep. 2b. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1651 J. Saint-Amard tr. F. Micanzio Life Father Paul sig. N4 The Pope, beside that he is the head of Religion, is also a Prince.

3. Other than, else than; = besides prep. 3 (by which this is now usually expressed).

ΚΠ

c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 43 If he haue ani þing bi syd þe Lord, þe Lord schal not be his part.

1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. PPPiii^v In the whiche commaundement..is prohybyte..all other maner of lechery, by syde the acte of matrimony.

1621 R. Montagu Diatribæ Hist. Tithes 422 No man beside Festus, in that fragment, doth tell us, etc.

a1713 Ld. Shaftesbury Characteristicks (1714) I. 65 None can understand the Speculation, beside those who have the Practice.

a1826 R. Heber Hymns Weekly Church Service (1827) 62 Only Thou art holy, there is none beside Thee, Perfect in power, in love, and purity.

†4. Outside of, out of, away from. Obsolete.

†a. By the side of so as to pass without contact, by the outside of, past, by. to look beside: to overlook, fail to see, miss. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > manner of action > carelessness > be careless or heedless of [verb (transitive)] > overlook inadvertently

overseeOE

overlook1459

overscape1534

forget1538

overhale1571

to look beside1627

miss1666

underlook1802

c1375 Eng. Wycliffite Serm. in Sel. Wks. I. 15 Þei tristen on riȝt of mannis lawe, and gone ofte beside þe soþe.

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Prov. xix. 11 The glorie of hym is to go beside wicke thingys [a1425 L.V. to passe ouere wickid thingis].

1627 Bp. J. Hall Epist. iv. iii. 341 Let vs but open our eyes, we cannot looke beside a lesson.

1629 J. Gaule Distractions 95 Oh, doe him not the wrong to looke beside him, for if you see him not, hee comes by to no purpose.

†b. Of position: Outside of, out of, away from.

ΚΠ

c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 1 To reduce me in to þe riȝt wey, if I haue gon biside þe wey in ani þing.

1555 in J. Strype Eccl. Memorials (1721) III. ii. App. xlvii. 143 Beside and without the compasse of the same Articles.

1663 S. Butler Hudibras: First Pt. i. i. 38 As of Vagabonds we say, That they are ne'er beside their way.

†c. Of removal, deprivation: Out of, away from; esp. with put, set, pluck, etc. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Matt. ii. f. 25 Least he should be set beside the kingdome whiche he..held.

1551 R. Robinson tr. T. More Vtopia sig. Ovi^v If they by coueyne or gyle be wiped beside their gooddes.

1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) II. 1312/1 He put the new Pope Alexander besyde the cusshion, and was made Pope hym self.

1577 R. Holinshed Hist. Scotl. 376/1 in Chron. I One of them taking displeasure with hys Father..stepped to hym, and plucking hir [sc. a falcon] beside his fist, wrung hir necke.

1655 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. I. i. 2 Neleus Son of Codrus, being put beside the Kingdom of Athens by his younger brother Medon.

5. figurative senses from 4.

a. Out of a mental state or condition, as beside one's patience, beside one's gravity, beside one's wits; now only in beside oneself: out of one's wits, out of one's senses; cf. French hors de soi, German ausser sich.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > mental health > mental illness > [adjective] > insanity or madness > affected with

woodc725

woodsekc890

giddyc1000

out of (by, from, of) wit or one's witc1000

witlessc1000

brainsickOE

amadc1225

lunaticc1290

madc1330

sickc1340

brain-wooda1375

out of one's minda1387

frenetica1398

fonda1400

formada1400

unwisea1400

brainc1400

unwholec1400

alienate?a1425

brainless1434

distract of one's wits1470

madfula1475

furious1475

distract1481

fro oneself1483

beside oneself1490

beside one's patience1490

dementa1500

red-wood?1507

extraught1509

misminded1509

peevish1523

bedlam-ripe1525

straughta1529

fanatic1533

bedlama1535

daft1540

unsounda1547

stark raving (also staring) mad1548

distraughted1572

insane1575

acrazeda1577

past oneself1576

frenzy1577

poll-mad1577

out of one's senses1580

maddeda1586

frenetical1588

distempered1593

distraught1597

crazed1599

diswitted1599

idle-headed1599

lymphatical1603

extract1608

madling1608

distracteda1616

informala1616

far gone1616

crazy1617

March mada1625

non compos mentis1628

brain-crazed1632

demented1632

crack-brained1634

arreptitiousa1641

dementate1640

dementated1650

brain-crackeda1652

insaniated1652

exsensed1654

bedlam-witteda1657

lymphatic1656

mad-like1679

dementative1685

non compos1699

beside one's gravity1716

hyte1720

lymphated1727

out of one's head1733

maddened1735

swivel-eyed1758

wrong1765

brainsickly1770

fatuous1773

derangedc1790

alienated1793

shake-brained1793

crack-headed1796

flighty1802

wowf1802

doitrified1808

phrenesiac1814

bedlamite1815

mad-braineda1822

fey1823

bedlamitish1824

skire1825

beside one's wits1827

as mad as a hatter1829

crazied1842

off one's head1842

bemadded1850

loco1852

off one's nut1858

off his chump1864

unsane1867

meshuga1868

non-sane1868

loony1872

bee-headed1879

off one's onion1881

off one's base1882

(to go) off one's dot1883

locoed1885

screwy1887

off one's rocker1890

balmy or barmy on (or in) the crumpet1891

meshuggener1892

nutty1892

buggy1893

bughouse1894

off one's pannikin1894

ratty1895

off one's trolley1896

batchy1898

twisted1900

batsc1901

batty1903

dippy1903

bugs1904

dingy1904

up the (also a) pole1904

nut1906

nuts1908

nutty as a fruitcake1911

bugged1920

potty1920

cuckoo1923

nutsy1923

puggled1923

blah1924

détraqué1925

doolally1925

off one's rocket1925

puggle1925

mental1927

phooey1927

crackers1928

squirrelly1928

over the edge1929

round the bend1929

lakes1934

ding-a-ling1935

wacky1935

screwball1936

dingbats1937

Asiatic1938

parlatic1941

troppo1941

up the creek1941

screwed-up1943

bonkers1945

psychological1952

out to lunch1955

starkers1956

off (one's) squiff1960

round the twist1960

yampy1963

out of (also off) one's bird1966

out of one's skull1967

whacked out1969

batshit1971

woo-woo1971

nutso1973

out of (one's) gourd1977

wacko1977

off one's meds1986

1490 W. Caxton tr. Eneydos xxvii. 98 Mad and beside herself.

?1531 J. Frith Disput. Purgatorye ii. sig. g8 The man was almost besides himsilfe, and then was he sent to Oxforth.

1611 Bible (King James) Acts xxvi. 24 Festus saide with a lowd voyce, Paul, thou art beside [Tindale besides] thy selfe, much learning doeth make thee mad.

1716 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 30 Aug. (1965) I. 258 This Question almost put him beside his Gravity.

1827 T. Hood Hero & Leander cvii, in Plea Midsummer Fairies & Other Poems 104 Like an enchanted maid beside her wits.

1884 Queen Victoria More Leaves 399 I felt quite beside myself for joy and gratitude.

b. Away from, wide of (a mark); apart from, not embraced within (a plan, purpose, question).

ΚΠ

1533 T. More Debellacyon Salem & Bizance ii. xx. f. cxl^v He speketh all besyde the purpose.

1573 G. Harvey Let.-bk. (1884) 51 I take it, M. Proctor was beside his book.

1691 J. Ray Wisdom of God 39 Because it is beside my Scope.

1853 F. W. Robertson Serm. 3rd Ser. xiii. 158 The distinction..is an altogether false one and beside the question.

1856 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. (1858) I. iii. 285 The point on which the battle was being fought lay beside the real issue.

1883 Manch. Guard. 22 Oct. 5/3 Really this question is beside the mark.

†c. Beyond the range or compass of (Latin præter); utterly apart from; hence sometimes approaching the sense ‘contrary to.’ Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. DDDvi^v No persone may receyue..the counselles of the holy goste, except he haue besyde nature a spirituall eare.

1548 E. Gest Treat. againste Masse sig. Eii^v It is institute besyde Gods wrytten wordes and so contrarie to the same.

a1620 M. Fotherby Atheomastix (1622) ii. viii. §2. 281 Vertues are begotten in vs, neither by nature, nor beside nature.

1692 R. South 12 Serm. I. 592 A Lye is properly, an outward signification of something contrary to, or at least, beside the Inward Sense of the Mind.

a1758 J. Edwards in N. Worcester Atoning Sacr. (1830) 140 Old men seldom have any advantage from new discoveries, because these are beside a way of thinking which they have been long used to.

1773 S. Johnson Let. 12 Aug. (1992) II. 49 At Durham, beside all expectation, I met an old friend.

Compounds

beˈside-forth adv. (also besides-forth) moreover, further.

ΚΠ

1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xvii. 22 Judas Macabeus, Ȝe and sexty þousande bisyde forth · þat ben nouȝt seyen here.

1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Luke i. f. 17 And yet was besides-forth an ungodly and a wicked person.

beside-sitter n. one who sits beside, an assessor.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > one who administers justice > judge > [noun] > assessor

beside-sitter1340

assessorc1380

affeeror1523

lateral judge1611

co-assessor1644

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 40 Þe kueade bezidezitteres, þet yeueþ þe kueade redes to þe demeres.

beˈsideward adv. ? outside, hard by, in the vicinity.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > distance > nearness > [adverb] > in the vicinity

environa1393

nearabout?a1425

besideward1460

environeea1500

round about1526

round1593

around1762

inabout1813

1460 Pol. Rel. & L. Poems (1866) 116 To men þat in þe cyte dwelle; And men þat dwellen be-sydwarde.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	beside
释义	besideadv.prep. /bɪˈsʌɪd/ Forms: Middle English bisiden, Middle English bi-side, bisyde, byside, Middle English bisid, bisyd, biseid, ( bezide), Middle English besiden, bysyde, Middle English–1500s bisyde(n, besyde, Middle English byside(n, Middle English– beside. Etymology: Middle English bi siden , bisiden < Old English be sídan, i.e. be by, sídan (dative singular) side. Found in Old English only as two words, but by 1200 used as an adverb and preposition. Compare the similar history of bihalve phr., adv., and prep., which in early times was a synonym of this. A. adv. 1. By the side, by one's side. †a. literal. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > quality of having sides or being a side > [adverb] > along the side or by the side besidec1275 besidesc1275 sidelong1592 alongside1740 c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 6128 Bi-siden [c1300 Otho bi-side] heo gunnen heongen cniues swiðe longe. c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Franklin's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 533 To Britayne tooke they the righte way [Aur]elius and this Magicien bisyde. a1500 (?c1400) Sir Triamour (Cambr.) (1937) l. 545 Some on horsys and some besyde. 1582 A. Munday Eng. Romayne Lyfe sig. G4 Kirbie, quaking when he felt the Cart goe away, looked styll how neere the ende of it was, tyl he was quite beside. †b. Side by side in rank, on a level. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > state or position of being parallel > [adverb] > abreast side by sidec1275 beside1340 afronta1425 side to side?c1450 sidelingsa1540 abreast1567 evenly1583 breastwise1613 fair1685 sidelong1803 sidlingly1859 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 125 Hi yelt..loue to ham þet byeþ bezide, grace to ham þet byeþ beneþe. c. Hard by, close, near. archaic. †Rarely of time (see quot. c1380). Obsolete. (Mostly an elliptical use of the prep., or with here-, there-, in place of object.) ΘΚΠ the world > space > distance > nearness > [adverb] nighOE anewstOE nearOE yhendeOE hendc1175 hendena1200 anighc1275 besidesc1275 bihalvec1275 beside1297 narc1325 on (also upon) hand (also hands)c1330 bya1400 anighsta1425 nearabout?a1425 near-awaya1586 a hand1637 anear1798 the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > [adverb] > near in time > imminent or close at hand beside1297 fast byc1300 neara1400 towards1468 hard by1535 1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. 558 Þo sei he þer biside..þe erles baner of Gloucetre. c1314 Guy Warw. 56 An abbay That was bisiden on the way. c1380 J. Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 44 [L. Juxta est dies perdicionis] Bisyde is þe day of perdicioun..Biside, þat is, neer is þe day [1611 Deut. xxxii. 35 at hand]. 1517 R. Torkington Oldest Diarie Englysshe Trav. (1884) 20 A lityll ther be syd stondyth an old Churche. 1798 S. T. Coleridge Anc. Marinere iv, in W. Wordsworth & S. T. Coleridge Lyrical Ballads 23 The moving Moon went up the sky..And a star or two beside. 1805 R. Southey Madoc ii. xvi. 331 Mervyn, beside, Hangs over his dear mistress silently. 2. a. In addition, over and above; = besides adv. 2 (by which this is now usually expressed). ΚΠ 1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. 92 Of þe lond of France, and of oþer londes bi syde. 1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 30 Hem nedeth..Of straunge londes helpe beside. 1477 Earl Rivers tr. Dictes or Sayengis Philosophhres (Caxton) (1877) lf. 72^v The goode dedis that thou shalt do besyde. a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 1 (1623) iv. i. 25 My selfe, and diuers Gentlemen beside . View more context for this quotation 1692 E. Walker tr. Epictetus Enchiridion xx Now if the same Behaviour be your Guide, In all the actions of your life beside. 1766 O. Goldsmith Vicar of Wakefield II. v. 80 We can readily marry her to another, and what is more, she may keep her lover beside. 1825 T. Carlyle Life Schiller (1845) i. 11 It was by stealth if he read or wrote any thing beside. b. As an additional consideration; moreover; = besides adv. 2b (by which now usually expressed). ΚΠ 1592 R. Greene Thirde Pt. Conny-catching sig. B3 The Maide..was not a little ioyfull to see him: beside, shee seemed proud that her kinsman was so neat a youth. 1663 S. Butler Hudibras: First Pt. i. i. 10 Beside he was a shrewd Philosopher. 1871 R. Browning Balaustion 148 Beside, when he found speech, you guess the speech. 3. Otherwise, else; = besides adv. 3 (by which this is now usually expressed). ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > contrariety or contrast > [adverb] > else, otherwise, or under other conditions elseOE otherwisea1393 beside1598 1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost i. i. 40 And one day in a weeke to touch no foode: And but one meale on euery day beside . View more context for this quotation 1649 J. Milton Εικονοκλαστης Pref. sig. C Rebels..to God in all thir actions beside. 1734 A. Pope Ess. Man: Epist. IV 233 To all beside, as much an empty Shade. 1816 J. Wilson City of Plague ii. i. 146 We talk'd Of thee and none beside. 1843 E. Jones Stud. Sensation & Event 57 And these forgetting, all beside In life will darken. †4. a. On or to one side, apart. Obsolete. (Now aside adv., prep., adj., and n.) ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > sideways movement or a sideways movement > [adverb] > aside or to the side asidec1330 forbyec1330 besidea1400 a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 3622 She went bi syde & hir bi þouȝt. c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 56 Peter tok him be side, & be gan to blam him. c1485 Digby Myst. (1882) ii. 191 Goo thou..In-to the Cyte a lytyll be-syde. 1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) xi. 344 Ye toyer bataillis suld be gangand Besid on sid a litill space. 1551 R. Robinson tr. T. More Vtopia sig. Rii Whiles y^e armes be fighting together in open feld, they a litle beside not farre of knele vpon their knees. †b. esp. with set, put, leave, etc. (See aside adv. 4). ΚΠ 1414 T. Brampton Paraphr. Seven Penit. Psalms lxxxvi. 33 Lust and lykyng I sette be syde. 1436 in T. Wright Polit. Poems & Songs (1859) II. 187 Yeue us grace alle sloughte to leue bysyde. 1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Matt. i. f. 21 He set his elder brother besyde. a1604 M. Hanmer Chron. Ireland 17 in J. Ware Two Hist. Ireland (1633) In the end, the two sonnes were put beside. †5. Toward the side, sidewise. Obsolete (= aside adv. 7). ΘΚΠ the world > space > direction > specific directions > [adverb] > in sideways direction sidelonga1398 sidelings?a1400 sidelingc1425 laterallyc1454 sidewarda1513 sidewise1531 besidec1540 sideway1561 sideways1572 c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 1221 Lamydon at the laste lokit besyde. †6. By the side so as to miss, by, past. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement over, across, through, or past > [adverb] > past forthbyc1386 herebyc1400 besidec1450 besides1619 past1790 pass1971 c1450 J. Lydgate Stans Puer (Lamb. 853) in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 31 Fille not þi spoon lest in þe cariage It scheede bi side, it were not commendable. 1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection ii. sig. Kiiii^v And where it purposeth to go ouer the brygge, it gothe besyde & falleth in the dyche. 1594 W. Shakespeare Venus & Adonis (new ed.) sig. G^v Yet sometimes fals an orient drop beside, Which her cheeke melts. B. prep. 1. literal. By the side of; hence, close to, hard by. a. strictly. By the side of a person, animal, or thing that has a recognized side. (The more definite by the side of, by his, her, etc. side, is now often used instead, as being more distinct from b.) ΘΚΠ the world > space > distance > nearness > near to [preposition] > next to or beside nexteOE toc1000 alongstc1180 besidesc1200 besidec1275 next handa1400 hard byc1450 juxta1860 upsides1883 the world > space > relative position > quality of having sides or being a side > on the side of [preposition] > along or by the side of alongeOE alongstc1180 besidesc1200 besidec1275 aboard1449 longs1488 sidelong1577 aside?1615 alongside1704 c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 10682 Þer fæht Baldulf bi-siden his broðer. a1300 Cursor Mundi 1787 Þe leon suam beside þe hert. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 3873 Bisid lya al night he lai. 1493 Festivall (1515) 10 Thenne falleth his sede besyde the waye. 1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. GGGii^v The thefe that hang on the crosse, besyde our lorde. 1611 Bible (King James) Psalms xxiii. 2 He leadeth mee beside the still waters. View more context for this quotation 1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 460. ⁋7 The boy who stood beside her. 1727 J. Thomson Summer 10 Beside the Brink Of haunted Stream. 1766 O. Goldsmith Vicar of Wakefield II. ii. 41 We sate beside his kitchen fire. 1816 J. Wilson City of Plague i. i. 319 Let me sit down beside you. b. Less exactly: Close to, near any part of, by. ΚΠ c1320 Seuyn Sag. (W.) 3315 That castell That the se ran fast byside. c1375 J. Wyclif Wks. (1880) 189 She saat bisiden cristis feet. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 8207 And did biside þam lampes light. c1450 How Good Wijf (Lamb. 853) in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 45 Please weel þi neiȝboris þat dwelle þee biside. 1611 Bible (King James) Song of Sol. i. 8 Feede thy kiddes beside the shepheards tents. View more context for this quotation c1680 W. Beveridge Serm. (1729) II. 299 It doth not fall upon him but beside him. 1884 ‘L. Keith’ Venetia's Lov. II. 11 You'll come beside us in the drawing room. †c. Formerly with names of towns, etc.; now superseded by by, near. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > space > distance > nearness > near to [preposition] > next to or beside > with names of places besidec1200 c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 31 Þe herdes wakeden ouer here oref biside þe burch belleem. 1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. 558 To a toun biside Wircetre, þat Kemeseie ihote is. 1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Gen. xiii. 18 Abram..dwellide biside the valey of Mambre. 1418 in F. J. Furnivall Fifty Earliest Eng. Wills (1882) 32 Seint Gyles beside Holbourne. 1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. xiv. 14 At the palaice of Westminster, beside London. 1581 J. Marbeck Bk. Notes & Common Places 556 He..was buried a little beside the same Citie. d. figurative. (a) Side by side with in rank, on a level with. (b) By the side of for comparison, compared with. ΚΠ a1522 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil Æneid (1957) i. Prol. 359 Besyde Latyne our langage is imperfite. 1844 J. Ruskin Mod. Painters (ed. 2) I. Pref. p. xxviii Gainsborough's power of colour..is capable of taking rank beside that of Rubens. 2. a. In addition to, over and above, as well as; = besides prep. 2 (by which now usually expressed). ΚΠ 1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 3697 Bot speciel prayers with gude entente, Þat es made besyde þe sacramente. c1380 J. Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 435 For þise sixe kyndenessis bysyde goostliche suffragies. 1558 Bp. T. Watson Holsome Doctr. Seuen Sacramentes xxx. f. clxxxvii The priest..beside his praiers, doth minister the outwarde sacrament of Aneiling. 1611 Bible (King James) Lev. xxiii. 38 Beside the Sabbaths of the Lord, and beside your gifts. View more context for this quotation 1774 J. Reynolds Disc. Royal Acad. (1876) vi. 396 Beside his master Andrea Sacchi, he imitated Rafaelle. 1832 J. C. Hare in Philol. Museum 1 59 Beside the planets usually seen, there are other stars. 1879 G. H. Lewes Study Psychol. 70 Other men beside ourselves. †b. with object clause; = besides prep. 2b. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1651 J. Saint-Amard tr. F. Micanzio Life Father Paul sig. N4 The Pope, beside that he is the head of Religion, is also a Prince. 3. Other than, else than; = besides prep. 3 (by which this is now usually expressed). ΚΠ c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 43 If he haue ani þing bi syd þe Lord, þe Lord schal not be his part. 1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. PPPiii^v In the whiche commaundement..is prohybyte..all other maner of lechery, by syde the acte of matrimony. 1621 R. Montagu Diatribæ Hist. Tithes 422 No man beside Festus, in that fragment, doth tell us, etc. a1713 Ld. Shaftesbury Characteristicks (1714) I. 65 None can understand the Speculation, beside those who have the Practice. a1826 R. Heber Hymns Weekly Church Service (1827) 62 Only Thou art holy, there is none beside Thee, Perfect in power, in love, and purity. †4. Outside of, out of, away from. Obsolete. †a. By the side of so as to pass without contact, by the outside of, past, by. to look beside: to overlook, fail to see, miss. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > carelessness > be careless or heedless of [verb (transitive)] > overlook inadvertently overseeOE overlook1459 overscape1534 forget1538 overhale1571 to look beside1627 miss1666 underlook1802 c1375 Eng. Wycliffite Serm. in Sel. Wks. I. 15 Þei tristen on riȝt of mannis lawe, and gone ofte beside þe soþe. a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Prov. xix. 11 The glorie of hym is to go beside wicke thingys [a1425 L.V. to passe ouere wickid thingis]. 1627 Bp. J. Hall Epist. iv. iii. 341 Let vs but open our eyes, we cannot looke beside a lesson. 1629 J. Gaule Distractions 95 Oh, doe him not the wrong to looke beside him, for if you see him not, hee comes by to no purpose. †b. Of position: Outside of, out of, away from. ΚΠ c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 1 To reduce me in to þe riȝt wey, if I haue gon biside þe wey in ani þing. 1555 in J. Strype Eccl. Memorials (1721) III. ii. App. xlvii. 143 Beside and without the compasse of the same Articles. 1663 S. Butler Hudibras: First Pt. i. i. 38 As of Vagabonds we say, That they are ne'er beside their way. †c. Of removal, deprivation: Out of, away from; esp. with put, set, pluck, etc. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Matt. ii. f. 25 Least he should be set beside the kingdome whiche he..held. 1551 R. Robinson tr. T. More Vtopia sig. Ovi^v If they by coueyne or gyle be wiped beside their gooddes. 1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) II. 1312/1 He put the new Pope Alexander besyde the cusshion, and was made Pope hym self. 1577 R. Holinshed Hist. Scotl. 376/1 in Chron. I One of them taking displeasure with hys Father..stepped to hym, and plucking hir [sc. a falcon] beside his fist, wrung hir necke. 1655 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. I. i. 2 Neleus Son of Codrus, being put beside the Kingdom of Athens by his younger brother Medon. 5. figurative senses from 4. a. Out of a mental state or condition, as beside one's patience, beside one's gravity, beside one's wits; now only in beside oneself: out of one's wits, out of one's senses; cf. French hors de soi, German ausser sich. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > mental health > mental illness > [adjective] > insanity or madness > affected with woodc725 woodsekc890 giddyc1000 out of (by, from, of) wit or one's witc1000 witlessc1000 brainsickOE amadc1225 lunaticc1290 madc1330 sickc1340 brain-wooda1375 out of one's minda1387 frenetica1398 fonda1400 formada1400 unwisea1400 brainc1400 unwholec1400 alienate?a1425 brainless1434 distract of one's wits1470 madfula1475 furious1475 distract1481 fro oneself1483 beside oneself1490 beside one's patience1490 dementa1500 red-wood?1507 extraught1509 misminded1509 peevish1523 bedlam-ripe1525 straughta1529 fanatic1533 bedlama1535 daft1540 unsounda1547 stark raving (also staring) mad1548 distraughted1572 insane1575 acrazeda1577 past oneself1576 frenzy1577 poll-mad1577 out of one's senses1580 maddeda1586 frenetical1588 distempered1593 distraught1597 crazed1599 diswitted1599 idle-headed1599 lymphatical1603 extract1608 madling1608 distracteda1616 informala1616 far gone1616 crazy1617 March mada1625 non compos mentis1628 brain-crazed1632 demented1632 crack-brained1634 arreptitiousa1641 dementate1640 dementated1650 brain-crackeda1652 insaniated1652 exsensed1654 bedlam-witteda1657 lymphatic1656 mad-like1679 dementative1685 non compos1699 beside one's gravity1716 hyte1720 lymphated1727 out of one's head1733 maddened1735 swivel-eyed1758 wrong1765 brainsickly1770 fatuous1773 derangedc1790 alienated1793 shake-brained1793 crack-headed1796 flighty1802 wowf1802 doitrified1808 phrenesiac1814 bedlamite1815 mad-braineda1822 fey1823 bedlamitish1824 skire1825 beside one's wits1827 as mad as a hatter1829 crazied1842 off one's head1842 bemadded1850 loco1852 off one's nut1858 off his chump1864 unsane1867 meshuga1868 non-sane1868 loony1872 bee-headed1879 off one's onion1881 off one's base1882 (to go) off one's dot1883 locoed1885 screwy1887 off one's rocker1890 balmy or barmy on (or in) the crumpet1891 meshuggener1892 nutty1892 buggy1893 bughouse1894 off one's pannikin1894 ratty1895 off one's trolley1896 batchy1898 twisted1900 batsc1901 batty1903 dippy1903 bugs1904 dingy1904 up the (also a) pole1904 nut1906 nuts1908 nutty as a fruitcake1911 bugged1920 potty1920 cuckoo1923 nutsy1923 puggled1923 blah1924 détraqué1925 doolally1925 off one's rocket1925 puggle1925 mental1927 phooey1927 crackers1928 squirrelly1928 over the edge1929 round the bend1929 lakes1934 ding-a-ling1935 wacky1935 screwball1936 dingbats1937 Asiatic1938 parlatic1941 troppo1941 up the creek1941 screwed-up1943 bonkers1945 psychological1952 out to lunch1955 starkers1956 off (one's) squiff1960 round the twist1960 yampy1963 out of (also off) one's bird1966 out of one's skull1967 whacked out1969 batshit1971 woo-woo1971 nutso1973 out of (one's) gourd1977 wacko1977 off one's meds1986 1490 W. Caxton tr. Eneydos xxvii. 98 Mad and beside herself. ?1531 J. Frith Disput. Purgatorye ii. sig. g8 The man was almost besides himsilfe, and then was he sent to Oxforth. 1611 Bible (King James) Acts xxvi. 24 Festus saide with a lowd voyce, Paul, thou art beside [Tindale besides] thy selfe, much learning doeth make thee mad. 1716 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 30 Aug. (1965) I. 258 This Question almost put him beside his Gravity. 1827 T. Hood Hero & Leander cvii, in Plea Midsummer Fairies & Other Poems 104 Like an enchanted maid beside her wits. 1884 Queen Victoria More Leaves 399 I felt quite beside myself for joy and gratitude. b. Away from, wide of (a mark); apart from, not embraced within (a plan, purpose, question). ΚΠ 1533 T. More Debellacyon Salem & Bizance ii. xx. f. cxl^v He speketh all besyde the purpose. 1573 G. Harvey Let.-bk. (1884) 51 I take it, M. Proctor was beside his book. 1691 J. Ray Wisdom of God 39 Because it is beside my Scope. 1853 F. W. Robertson Serm. 3rd Ser. xiii. 158 The distinction..is an altogether false one and beside the question. 1856 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. (1858) I. iii. 285 The point on which the battle was being fought lay beside the real issue. 1883 Manch. Guard. 22 Oct. 5/3 Really this question is beside the mark. †c. Beyond the range or compass of (Latin præter); utterly apart from; hence sometimes approaching the sense ‘contrary to.’ Obsolete. ΚΠ 1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. DDDvi^v No persone may receyue..the counselles of the holy goste, except he haue besyde nature a spirituall eare. 1548 E. Gest Treat. againste Masse sig. Eii^v It is institute besyde Gods wrytten wordes and so contrarie to the same. a1620 M. Fotherby Atheomastix (1622) ii. viii. §2. 281 Vertues are begotten in vs, neither by nature, nor beside nature. 1692 R. South 12 Serm. I. 592 A Lye is properly, an outward signification of something contrary to, or at least, beside the Inward Sense of the Mind. a1758 J. Edwards in N. Worcester Atoning Sacr. (1830) 140 Old men seldom have any advantage from new discoveries, because these are beside a way of thinking which they have been long used to. 1773 S. Johnson Let. 12 Aug. (1992) II. 49 At Durham, beside all expectation, I met an old friend. Compounds beˈside-forth adv. (also besides-forth) moreover, further. ΚΠ 1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xvii. 22 Judas Macabeus, Ȝe and sexty þousande bisyde forth · þat ben nouȝt seyen here. 1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Luke i. f. 17 And yet was besides-forth an ungodly and a wicked person. beside-sitter n. one who sits beside, an assessor. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > one who administers justice > judge > [noun] > assessor beside-sitter1340 assessorc1380 affeeror1523 lateral judge1611 co-assessor1644 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 40 Þe kueade bezidezitteres, þet yeueþ þe kueade redes to þe demeres. beˈsideward adv. ? outside, hard by, in the vicinity. ΘΚΠ the world > space > distance > nearness > [adverb] > in the vicinity environa1393 nearabout?a1425 besideward1460 environeea1500 round about1526 round1593 around1762 inabout1813 1460 Pol. Rel. & L. Poems (1866) 116 To men þat in þe cyte dwelle; And men þat dwellen be-sydwarde. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adv.prep.c1200
随便看	scowdered scowdering scowderings scowders scowed scowing scowl scowl and stare scowl-holes scowle scowled scowler scowlers scowles scowlful scowlholes scowling scowlingly scowls scowly scows scowshaped scowther scp scr