释义 |
reeven.1Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: y- prefix, an element of uncertain origin. Etymology: In α. forms < y- prefix + a second element of uncertain origin; perhaps < an ablaut variant of the Germanic base of Old English rōf number, Old High German ruoba , ruova , ruava number, row, Old Icelandic -róf row (in e.g. stafróf alphabet (lit. ‘stave row’), tregróf lamentation (lit. ‘sorrow row’), málróf gossip (lit. ‘speech row’)). In β. forms probably aphetic < α. forms. Compare also the Old English (Northumbrian) variant grōefa grieve n.Also attested early in place names, as Refham , Norfolk (1086; now Reepham), Refam , Lincolnshire (1086; now Reepham), Rouuetone , Reneton [read Reueton ], Nottinghamshire (1086; also Reueton (1287); now Rayton Farm), Reveton , Devon (1238; now Riverton), etc.; and as a surname: Walter le Reve (1220), Adam le Reue (1253), Roger Reve (1277), etc.; it is often difficult to determine whether these reflect sense 1 or sense 2. The Old English form of the word has been revived in modern historical use: see gerefa n. 1. Chiefly in Anglo-Saxon and later medieval England: a supervising official of high rank, esp. one having jurisdiction under a king; spec.society > authority > office > holder of office > magistrate > chief magistrate of a district > [noun] α. eOE (Kentish) Will of Æðelnoð & Gænburg (Sawyer 1500) in A. J. Robertson (1956) 4 Æðelnoð se gerefa to Eastorege. eOE (Parker) anno 787 On his dagum cuomon ærest iii scipu, & þa se gerefa þærto rad & hie wolde drifan to þæs cyninges tune þy he nyste hwæt hie wæron, & hiene mon ofslog. lOE (Rochester) i. iv. 220 Gif hwylc man sy, þe eallon folce ungetrywe sy, fare þæs cynges gerefa to & gebringe hine under borge, þæt hine man to rihte gelæde þam þe him onspræcon. a1225 ( Ælfric's Homily De Duodecim Abusivis (Lamb. 487) in R. Morris (1868) 1st Ser. 115 He [sc. ðe king] scal soðfeste men setten him to irefen [OE gerefan]. c1225 ( Ælfric Gloss. (Worcester) in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker (1884) I. 538 Comes, aldermon, uel ireva [OE Julius gerefa, OE St. John's Oxf. gefera]. β. OE List of Sureties, York in (1912) 27 12 Ðis sindan þa festermen Elfricas: Ulfcetel, cyninges reue, ond Merleswuain, Wulstain, Ulf, Ligolf, Barað, [etc.].a1225 (?c1175) Poema Morale (Lamb.) 50 in R. Morris (1868) 1st Ser. 163 (MED) Þe deð his echte on sikere stude he hit sent to heueneriche..for ne mei þet hit ou binimen king ne reue.1340 (1866) 43 Þe vifte is þe zenne of reuen or prouostes, of bedeles, or sergons, þet accuseþ..poure uolc and ham doþ raymi.a1425 (a1400) (Galba & Harl.) (1863) 5785 (MED) If a kyng of a riche kyngryke..had a doghter..And bytaght hir til his ryfe to kepe, [etc.].c1460 in A. Clark (1907) 34 (MED) John..Kyng of Inglonde..to Archiebisshops, bissphos, Abbotes, Erles, Barons, Justices, Shreves, Revys..helth.a1500 (a1460) (1897–1973) 371 Here is a bag full..of pride and of lust,..Of flytars, of flyars, and renderars of reffys.1583 ii. xiv. 58 The sherife (which is as much to say as the Reeue or Bayly of the shire).1593 J. Norden i. 7 The Saxons called him Scyregerefa, the Reeve of the Shire.1629 T. Dekker (1844) 42 In the time of Edward Confessor, the chiefe ruler of the citty was called Reeve, Greeve, or Portreeve.a1661 T. Fuller (1662) 44 Reeve..signifieth an Officer to oversee and order, being cheif in the Shire.1710 H. Prideaux iv. 199 I Athelstan..do command all my Reves in my Kingdom [etc.].1750 T. Carte II. viii. 254 Those [sc. cities and burghs] belonging to the crown were governed by the king's reeve or bailiff: and the inhabitants paid rent for the houses of their abode, customs, tolls, and other duties.1839 T. Keightley (new ed.) I. 24 When the reeve of the next town attempted to make them prisoners, they slew him, and escaped to their vessels.1867 E. A. Freeman I. v. 346 Hugh, a Frenchman,..was now the royal Reeve in Exeter.1976 10 Dec. 10/2 Bungay..is proud to be almost the only town in the country still presided over by a ‘Tun-gerefa’ or Reeve, a good old English title far more ancient than that of the Norman ‘Mayor’.1998 16 11 Æthelred's first code, which had concluded by ordering that the king's reeve put all those seen as ‘untrustworthy to all people’ under surety, or else execute them.society > authority > office > holder of office > magistrate > chief magistrate of a district > [noun] OE (Northumbrian) xiii. 9 Ante praesides et reges stabitis propter me : befora undercyningum uel hehgeroefum & cyningum gie biðon stondende uel gie stondes fore mec. OE (Parker) anno 1001 Ðær wearð Æþelweard cinges heahgerefa ofslegen..& Leofwine cinges heahgerefa. OE (Corpus Cambr.) iv. 460 Holdes & cyninges heahgerefan [wergild] iiii þusend þrimsa. c1225 (?c1200) (Bodl.) 61 Maximien hehest i Rome, þet is, heh reue. 1656 J. Harrington 34 The Division that was in use with the Teutons, was by Counties, and every County had either his Ealdorman, or high Reeve. 1848 J. M. Kemble (1876) II. ii. v. 157 These high-reeves were therefore probably military officers of Æðelred. 1872 E. W. Robertson 177 Amongst the Northumbrians, the place of the Ealderman seems to have been filled by the High-Reeve. 1939 33 132 The sheriff evolving from the borough high-reeve about the year 1000. 1991 23 618 It was the abbot of Lindisfarne, not the high reeve at Bamburgh, who eventually negotiated a settlement with the Vikings. 2. Any of various other local officials; spec.society > authority > office > holder of office > parish official > [noun] society > faith > church government > laity > lay functionaries > church-warden > [noun] α. eOE (Corpus Cambr. 173) lxiii. 118 Gif gesiðcund mon fare, þonne mot he habban his gerefan mid him & his smið & his cildfestran. lOE (Corpus Cambr.) i. 453 Se scadwis gerefa sceal ægðær witan ge hlafordes landriht ge folces gerihtu,..& ælcre tilðan timan, ðe to tune belimpð. β. c1275 ( Will of Leofgifu (Sawyer 1521) in D. Whitelock (1930) 76 And ic an Godric mine reue at Walddingfeld þa þritti acre þe ic him er to hande let.?a1300 Fox & Wolf 26 in G. H. McKnight (1913) 26 (MED) He com in wiþ-outen leue Boþen of haiward and of reue.1340 (1866) 37 (MED) Þe greate [sc. thieves] byeþ of þe kueade and þe ontrewe reuen, prouos, and bedeles.c1400 (c1378) W. Langland (Laud 581) (1869) B. v. l. 427 (MED) I can holde louedayes and here a Reues rekenynge.?c1430 (c1400) J. Wyclif (1880) 195 (MED) Oure prestis..semen bettere bailyues or reues þan gostly prestis of ihu crist. (Harl. 221) 431 Reve, lordys serwawnte, prepositus.1511–12 c. 23 §9 The said accomptauntes..that is to saye, Feodaries Bailliffes Reves Heywardes and Bedelles.1528–30 tr. T. Littleton (new ed.) f. vii He may surrendre his landes vnto the baylyffe or to the reeue.1603 G. Owen (1892) 191 The Landlord by his bailliffe or reave vseth to arrest so much of the tenantes goods vpon the land as ys found of decaye.1686 R. Plot x. 434 To this Hobby-horse dance there also belong'd a pot, which was kept by turnes, by 4 or 5 of the cheif of the Town, whom they call'd Reeves.1710 J. Harris II Reeve of a Church is the Guardian of it; or the Church-Warden.1765 W. Blackstone I. xi. 377 Neither can he be chosen to any temporal office; as bailiff, reeve, constable, or the like.1791 in (1793) 40 The Cattle of the Commoners are marked by the Reeves of the respective Parishes.1871 21 Sept. The reeve of Leyton..reported encroachments in Wanstead Flats.1894 9 361 A negligent reeve ‘shall be put in the stocks upon a pining-stool’.1965 Spring 17 Probably he valued being Reeve of Ditchling Common more than he did being a Freeman of the City of London.1995 Spring 140 The commoners' council could appoint ‘reeves’—its own private police force—and it would become a criminal offence to ‘resist or intentionally obstruct’ a reeve on duty.2005 D. Stone vii. 190 [By the 1420s] the gap between potential and actual financial returns per acre had widened, and the turnover of reeves had become unusually rapid;..poor results could swiftly bring the sack.society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > miner > [noun] > mine manager or overseer 1753 Reeve, the overseer of a coal pit. 1863 Apr. 417 The Reeve went on a few yards in advance of the party—his unlighted Davy-lamp in one hand. 1879 G. F. Jackson Reeve, the underground overlooker of the pits. society > authority > office > holder of office > magistrate > municipal magistrate > [noun] > chief magistrate or mayor > in Canada 1850 3 64/2 The remuneration which they have received while in attendance at the Municipal Council as Reeve and Deputy Reeve. 1884 17 Jan. 8/3 The Reeve, in a few well chosen remarks, dwelt on the duties and responsibilities devolving on them as servants of the people. 1945 G. W. Brown vii. 89 The town council consists of a mayor, a reeve, and two or three councillors elected for each of the wards. 1965 20 July 11/8 The reeve said the general principle of regional planning is good but the mechanics need improving. 1991 D. McBain 22 Two months later, when a new reeve called for tenders and Warren had lost the grading job, Ida hired him to help with the vegetable fields. society > law > administration of justice > one who administers justice > [noun] > foreign α. eOE (1974) 12 Censores, giroefan. eOE (1974) 13 Commentariensis, giroefa. eOE tr. Bede (Tanner) ii. xiii. 144 Þa ærest to Drihtnes geleafan [Sanctus Paulinus] gecerde Lindcylene ceastre gerefan [L. praefectum]..mid his heorode. OE (Corpus Cambr.) xv. 43 Þa com Iosep se æðela gerefa of Abarimathia. OE (Corpus Cambr. 41) 25 Dec. 2 Diocletianus se hæþena casere hi sealde his gereuas... Þa het se gerefa hi belucan in carcerne. β. OE (Mercian) xxvii. 23 Ait illis Pylatus [read praeses] quid enim male fecit : cwæþ heom se roefa to hwæt dyde untale.OE (Julius) 26 Aug. 189 Ða het Valerianus se refa [OE Corpus Cambr. 196 gerefa] hi forþon acwellan in þam..adolseaþe.c1225 (?c1200) (Royal) l. 42 He bi ȝet et te keiser þet he ȝettede him reue to beonne.c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon (Calig.) (1963) l. 7783 Þa wes inne Kair-merðin a reue þe hehte Eli.c1300 (Harl. 2277) (1845) l. 49 The [Saracen] reve amorwe that hem [sc. escaped prisoners] scholde to here labour lede, Nuste he tho he miste hem what him was to rede.Compounds C1. attributive with sense ‘of, belonging, or relating to a reeve’ (chiefly in senses 1 and 2). 1788 J. Love 19 If, perchance, you take your refreshment at the Portland Arms, Gibs will shew you..the Reve Pole, which exhibits a very ancient mode of keeping accounts. 1871 25 Aug. 6/1 Mr. Eliot..produced a reeve-pole—a square pole about 10ft. long and 1in. square, marked from end to end with notches indicating the sums to be paid by each tenant of the barony. 1949 Sept. 144 The rents of all tenants were entered by the Reeve on a Reeve-Pole... of mahogany, deal, or pine... On it were symbols representing the five tithings and the amount of rent to be paid by each tenant. c1400 (c1378) W. Langland (Laud 581) (1869) B. xix. 460 With spiritus intellectus they seke þe reues rolles [c1400 C text reeue-rolles]. 1922 D. Chadwick iii. 55 The reeve was responsible for the behaviour of labourers and the cultivation of the estate, and the ‘reeve-rolls’, or detailed accounts of the property, were kept by him or his clerks. 1996 R. B. McDonald in L. C. Lambdin & R. T. Lambdin (1999) xxvi. 293 It may be that the job of reeve was made profitable by what was not recorded in the reeve rolls. 1235–52 in C. J. Elton (1891) 93 Et debet qualibet die in autumpno..unum revesef. C2. 1854 3 245 As to the reeve elect, he was elected de facto. 1879 24 Jan. 2/1 The reeve elect took the chair. 1991 20 Nov. 10/1 Three days after being elected on an impressive reform platform, reeve-elect Pat Grant announced she no longer wants the job. 1235–52 in C. J. Elton (1891) 64 Prepositus de Winterburne..debet habere..duas carecatas feni de prato domini quod vocatur Refham. 1235–52 in C. J. Elton (1891) 140 Et debet habere, ii hammes prati..que vocantur Refhammes. eOE Cleopatra Gloss. in W. G. Stryker (Ph.D. diss., Stanford Univ.) (1951) 239 In tribulano territorio, on þæm sundor gereflande. lOE Charter: Bp. Stigand to Wulfric (Sawyer 1403) in A. J. Robertson (1956) 202 Hy letan him to..æt Peattanigge þreo gyrda & þa mæde þa gebyrað to ðam gereflande. 1235–52 in C. J. Elton (1891) 34 Pro iiijor acris que vocantur Reflond iij sol. c1325 (a1300) Custumal Bleadon in (1851) 209 Et habebit unum ferdellum terre sine messuagio quod vocatur revelond. 1663 E. Waterhouse xliv. 497 The great Tenures called Tainlands, were in the hands of the Nobles and Gentry, who held them in escuage;..the lesser ones named Reevelands were held in socage. 1751 S. Whatley at Taunton-Dean The tenures here are copyhold lands, over-lands, and reve-lands. 1897 F. W. Maitland 169 Besides this he seems to have ‘reveland’ which belongs to him as sheriff. 1997 R. Faith vi. 159 ‘Reeveland’ too became a recognized category, perhaps when the term gerefa had come to mean estate administrator rather than public official. OE Charter: Bp. Oswald to Wulfgar (Sawyer 1327) in D. Hooke (1990) 281 We writað him… vi æcras mæde on þa gerefmæde. 1235–52 in C. J. Elton (1891) 118 (MED) Et [prepositus] habebit j pratum quod appellatur Refmede. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). reeven.2Origin: Of uncertain origin. Etymology: Origin uncertain. Perhaps aphetic < an unattested reflex of Old English gerif string (of fish, etc.) < y- prefix + a second element of uncertain origin, perhaps related to Old Icelandic rifa to tack together, sew loosely, rif rope or strip of fabric used to draw up a sail (see reef n.1)), with β. forms perhaps arising from lengthening of the stem vowel in an open syllable in oblique cases. Sense 2 may show a different word; perhaps compare reeve v.3 2. With sense 1 perhaps compare also English regional (Northamptonshire) reid rope of onions (see Eng. Dial. Dict. at reid).For evidence of Old English gerif compare:OE Brussels Gloss. in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 289 Una serta i. una corona i. an gerif fissca oððe an snæs fissca oððe oðra þinga.OE Antwerp Gloss. (1955) 222 Una serta, an gerif fisca uel oþer þincg. Now rare. the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > vegetables > onion, leek, or garlic > [noun] > onion > string of onions α. 1509 Inventory in Stocks & Bragg (1890) 233 Item ix Ryffes off Onyons. β. 1613 in E. R. Brinkworth & J. S. W. Gibson (1976) I. 228 Three score reeves of onyons.1678 H. Sampson in (Royal Soc.) 12 1001 All distended with Liquor, and ty'd, like a Reeve of Onions altogether.1795 M. Russell Diary Oct. in S. H. Jeyes (1911) xii. 180 Their trees laden so that..in many places the fruit is as thick as reaves of onions tied close together.1854 A. E. Baker II. 168 Reeves... Ropes of onions.1896 G. F. Northall 191 ‘Reeve of onions’, a rope or string of onions. [Leicester].1908 P. J. Hartley iii. 53 It was a large room well stocked with articles pertaining to its character. Here a row of brightly polished pans, there a score of reeves of onions.1974 W. Leeds at Reeves In reeves, in clusters.the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > [noun] > a separate part > a piece or bit > narrow piece α. 1883 Dec. First ower a riff, an' then inta a fur. β. 1726 P. Dudley in (Royal Soc.) 33 258 Both the Finbacks and Humpbacks are shaped in Reeves longitudinal from Head to Tail on their Bellies and their Sides, so far as their Fins.1770 B. Franklin Let. 26 June in (1887) IV. 353 The edges of two sheets are laid down so as to lap or cover each other an inch, and a slip of the same copper, about three inches and a half broad, called the reeve, is introduced between them.1854 D. Costello in 16 Dec. 429/2 She [sc. a hippopotamus] was too young..for wrinkles such as those of Egypt's queen, but rejoiced in reeves of fat.1905 V. 82/1 Reeve, a wrinkle. [Warwickshire].1912 E. M. Leather x. 118 [It is an omen of death] if a ‘reeve’ or ridge be missed when sowing the corn; this sometimes happened before the introduction of machine drills.This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). reeven.3Origin: Of uncertain origin. Etymology: Origin uncertain. Compare ruff n.6 and earlier ree n.1It has been suggested that this word was originally a name for the male bird, arising as an alteration of ree n.1 in this sense (perhaps by association with reeve n.1, the ornate breeding plumage of the bird suggesting the ceremonial dress of an official (compare e.g. sheriff's man n. at sheriff n. Compounds 1 in the sense ‘goldfinch’)) and subsequently transferred to the less distinctive female of the species. The older suggestion that reeve is derived by change of the stem vowel from ruff n.6 is phonologically problematic and not well supported by the evidence. For a full discussion of all three names see further W. B. Lockwood in Trans. Philol. Soc. 1975 (1977) 181–3 and discussion at ree n.1 the world > animals > birds > order Charadriiformes > family Scolopacidae (snipes, etc.) > [noun] > philomachus pugnax (ruff) > female 1610 W. Folkingham iv. iii. 83 Fowling may be for the Bittour, Curlewe.., Redshank, Ruffe or Reue. 1634 Althorp MS in J. N. Simpkinson (1860) App. 15 For 20 dozen and 5 ruffs and reeves. 1648 R. Herrick sig. M5v The Phesant,..Reeve, Ruffe, Raile. 1678 J. Ray tr. F. Willughby 302 The Ruff, whose Female is called a Reeve. 1725 R. Smith (ed. 2) 29 Ruffs and Reaves are drest the same way as Quails. 1766 T. Pennant ii. 123 The Reeves, or females are said never to change their colors. 1797 T. Williams 13 (heading) To dress Ruffs and Reifs. 1831 J. Rennie (ed. 2) 441 Ruff,..The female, or Reeve, is less than the male... The Reeve lays four white eggs, marked with large ferruginous spots. 1871 3 June 689/2 The ruff and the reeve, now reduced to only a few pairs in a single locality, must also soon be lost if not protected by the law. 1900 4 177 Besides the fowl mentioned by Mr. Camden, of mud-suckers, which are esteemed the best, we have ruff and reve, the former being the cock, the other the hen. 1965 D. A. Bannerman & W. M. Bannerman II. 129 Many years later we were to find a party of two ruffs and four reeves (the name applied to the female) at Machico. 1993 28 Aug. (Weekend section) 3/4 One migrant wader I particularly like is the ruff (or reeve, in the case of the female). This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). reeven.4Origin: Apparently a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: ree n.4 Etymology: Apparently a variant of ree n.4 with excrescent v (compare discussion at ro n.). Scottish. the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > animal enclosure or house general > [noun] > enclosure > fold or pen 1720 in (1908) 1 162 Each plough was bound to put up fold dykes, reeves and penfolds, for cattle and sheep, and again to take down the reeves yearly as needed. 1795 J. Sinclair XV. 377 These mounds are perfectly circular, with regular fosses; the one is styled the Meikle Reive. 1818 in (1915) X. 451 The property..is..occupied as a coal yard or rieve. 1845 XII. 426 A round knoll or eminence..called the Earl of Marr's Reive or Ree. 1899 J. Allan 34 Heich, Baron Glessie's vassals met In coonsil owre their plea, Mark'd by the hillfort riva chair O ancient pedigree. 1941 C. Gavin xiii There was a squeal or two of hunger from the swine's rieve. 1975 J. Y. Mather & H. H. Speitel I. 282 Hen coop, [Moray] riv,..[Banff] (hen) riv,..[Aberdeen] hen riv, reive. This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). reevev.1Inflections: Past tense rove, reeved; past participle rove, reeved, (rare) roven, (rare) roved; Origin: Of uncertain origin. Etymology: Origin uncertain. Perhaps ultimately related to reef n.1, although the nature of any relationship is unclear. It has been suggested that this verb is a borrowing of Dutch reven to take in a reef, but this is not attested until later (see reef v.1). Compare also reeve v.3In past tense and past participles showing a change of the stem vowel perhaps influenced by association with weave v.1 Originally and chiefly Nautical. 1. 1600 J. Jane (1880) 111 We rived our ropes, and againe rigged our ship. 1644 H. Mainwaring 83 When we would expresse that the Tack is put through the Ches-trees, we say it is reeved through. 1658 E. Phillips To Reeve, a Term in Navigation, and spoken of ropes, signifieth as much as to put in or to put through. 1743 J. Bulkeley & J. Cummins 14 Reev'd the Top Ropes, and lower'd the Yard. 1748 B. Robins & R. Walter i. x. 104 We exerted ourselves..to reeve new lanyards, and to mend our sails. 1794 Ld. Nelson Let. Mar. in (1844) I. 379 Purchases will be rove to drag the guns. 1803 (Royal Soc.) 93 322 With great difficulty..I got small lines rove through four of the ports on the starboard side. 1825 C. Waterton iii. iv. 264 One end of the new rope..was reeved through the chain of the shark-hook. 1898 F. T. Bullen xxiv. 321 All hands were kept busily employed preparing for stormy weather—reeving new running-gear. 1950 R. Moore 64 All the time he was speaking, he was working on Guy's cable, unscrewing the shackle from the end of it, reeving the end through the tackle on his davit. 1978 A. Fenton lxv. 569 Forward in the gunwales were tack boxes, holes through which the tack rope was roved from the outside. 2006 S. M. Stirling ii. 45 They worked their way up cautiously, driving pitons deep with blows of the blunt hammer sides of their picks..and then reeving the knotted climbing rope through the spring-loaded loops on the ends. the world > space > relative position > condition of being open or not closed > making holes or becoming holed > make (an opening or hole) [verb (transitive)] > make an opening or hole in or into > bore, pierce, or perforate > with something sharp-pointed > transpierce 1681 R. Knox i. vii. 28 Then they..take them [sc. fish] out. And rieve a Rattan thro their gills. 1707 E. Ward 54 With the Reins reiv'd through both Hands, he strait hawls them aft like Main-sheets. 1867 F. Francis viii. 255 The tackle is not reeved through the gill. 1869 E. J. Reed v. 80 One of the angle-irons at each transverse frame is reeved through a score just above the upper edge of the side bar. 1969 N. Macmillan (rev. ed.) iii. 55 The 45 Squadron's [Sopwith] Strutters also had speaking tubes, a length of rubber tubing rove through the fuselage past the fuel tank between the cockpits. 2006 (Nexis) 4 July Two guide rollers are connected to an underside of the worktable and the flexible ruler reeved through the two guide rollers. society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > ropes or chains other than rigging or cable > [verb (intransitive)] > pass through (of rope) 1704 J. Harris I. at Dead-mens-eyes Sometimes..the main stays of a Ship are set taught by Dead-Mens-Eyes and Lanniers. The Crowfeet always do reeve through Dead-Mens-Eyes. 1792 W. Nichelson 202 Some Genius, who thought himself very clever, had shivers put into the forepart of the trussell trees at the main topmast head, for the foretop gallant braces to reeve through. 1814 2nd Ser. 25 100 The quarter where the top-blocks were lashed for the rudder-guys to reeve through. 1841 R. H. Dana i. iii. 16 The mizen topsail braces reeve up through the leading blocks..on the main rigging. 1860 7 113 The..lines are to reeve through a..block. 1862 G. S. Nares 8 Pieces of wood..for the fore topmast stays to reeve through. 1955 C. N. Longridge i. vi. 96 The main tack reeves through the sheaves and belays to one of the staghorns in the waist. 1989 tr. W. zu Mondfeld 320 Spritsail clew lines belayed to a cleat in the head before 1720, and later reeved through the gammon lashing. society > travel > travel by water > other nautical operations > [verb (transitive)] > work ropes or cables in specific ways society > travel > travel by water > other nautical operations > [verb (transitive)] > bind or fasten 1627 J. Smith v. 22 The Robbins are little lines reeued into the eylet holes of the saile vnder the head ropes. 1644 H. Mainwaring 83 Instead of putting a roape through a block, we say, Reeve it in that block, (as the Halliards are reeved in the Knights and Ram-heads). 1751 T. Smollett I. vii. 55 Let the parson do his office when he wool, here I am ready to be reeved in the matrimonial block. 1753 J. Smeaton in (Royal Soc.) 47 496 The last line..being reeved round those till it comes at the opposite side. 1821 W. Scott II. ix. 210 He would willingly reeve a rope to the yard-arm for the benefit of an unfortunate buccaneer. 1834 F. Marryat I. xv. 230 Double breechings were rove on the guns. 1970 19 When the sling is reeved round the load, the more heavily loaded part of the loop or blight will be [etc.]. 2005 (Nexis) 21 Mar. A belt reeved over the fuser, guide, idler, and tension rolls holds the idler roll in place. 3. society > travel > travel by water > other nautical operations > [verb (transitive)] > work tackle > specific operations on or with tackle 1639 R. Gibson in (1883) Mar. 597/2 The block was reeved at the mainyard to have ducked her. 1793 J. Smeaton (ed. 2) §143 Those blocks being reeved and brought together. 1793 J. Smeaton (ed. 2) Expl. Pl. 18 The greater sheaves are reeved as far as can be on them. 1808 C. Vancouver v. 130 A hook, reeved at one end of the tackle-rope, takes the middle band. 1850 H. T. Cheever iii. 54 They proceeded to reeve the huge blocks that are always made fast..to the fore and main mast head. 1895 S. R. Crockett li. 365 Nigh halfway up the steep bank stood our little Margaret, loosely reeved to a sunken stob. 1984 P. O'Brian iii. 108 The ex-Defenders were shown how to reeve gun-tackles and house their pieces just so. society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > ropes or chains other than rigging or cable > [verb (transitive)] > pass through (of rope) 1775 N. D. Falck 27 Above and below were eyes on each side, through which went the rope that reeved the block. society > travel > travel by water > action or motion of vessel > [verb (transitive)] > thread shoals or ice 1855 E. Belcher I. p. xviii (Gloss.) Reeving, following up various labyrinthine or angular channels until the vessel reaches open water; as, ‘reeve the pack’. 1860 7 122 After a day of hair-breadth escapes, literally reeving the shoals, by conning from the mast-head and jib-boom, the fair channel was reached. 1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher 566 Reeving, in polar voyaging, following up serpentine channels in the ice, till the vessel reaches open water, or reeves the pack. the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > gather together [verb (transitive)] 1876 G. M. Hopkins Wreck of Deutschland xii, in (1967) 55 Yet did the dark side of the bay of thy blessing Not vault them, the million of rounds of thy mercy not reeve even them in? Derivatives 1775 N. D. Falck 51 Reeve them at an equal distance,..tie the reeved parts together with a rope-yarn. 1863 18 345 The scrubber float is then attached to the reeved guy rope. 1987 D. J. House I. v. 118 The topping lift is often left in the reeved condition, in place between the derrick and the mast. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online June 2022). reevev.2Origin: Of unknown origin. Etymology: Origin unknown. Compare earlier reeving n.1, which perhaps implies earlier currency of the verb, although the possibility cannot be excluded that the verb was inferred from the noun as a back-formation. Compare also earlier ree v.1 and English regional (south-western) rew , rue (see ree v.1), both in the same sense. For a full discussion of the relationship between these words see further ree v.1With the past participle form a-reived compare a- prefix2 2. Now rare ( English regional). the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation of grain > [verb (transitive)] > clean grain > by sieve 1777–8 R. Wight (MS Bodl. Eng. lang. d.66) 370 To Rive..to sift. 1820 R. Wilbraham (ed. 2) Reeve, to separate corn that has been winnowed from the small seeds which are among it. 1880 M. A. Courtney W. Cornwall Words in M. A. Courtney & T. Q. Couch Reeve, to separate by means of a sieve [etc.]. 1888 F. T. Elworthy ‘I an't a-reived a good much o' it, not eet,’ a man said to me, when asked when he would have finished winnowing a quantity of clover seed. 1909 139 To Rive, to Reive, to pass seed or grain through a particular sieve in the process of winnowing. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). reevev.3Origin: Of uncertain origin. Perhaps a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: reef v.1 Etymology: Origin uncertain. Perhaps originally a variant of reef v.1 with intervocalic voicing of -f- . With sense 1 perhaps compare Middle Low German rēfen , rēven (15th cent.), a term used in textiles with uncertain sense; perhaps to thread the weft into the warp, to weave, to twist (twine, cord, etc.), to draw. With sense 2 perhaps compare rivel v.1, rivelled adj., and also reeve n.2 2. It is not certain that the two senses show the same word. Chiefly English regional ( midlands and south-western). Now rare. the world > food and drink > farming > hedging > make or repair hedge [verb (transitive)] the world > space > shape > curvature > coil > [verb (intransitive)] > coil round something or itself the world > relative properties > order > disorder > confusion or disorder > entanglement or entangled state > become tangled [verb (intransitive)] 1821 J. Clare I. 114 Medicinal betony, By thy wood-side railings, reeves With antique mullein's flannel-leaves. 1876 S. C. J. Ingham xliii. 281 How difficult it was..to keep the threads from twitching and the silk from reeving. 1890 J. D. Robertson Reeve,..to twist round, unwind. 1967 H. Orton & M. F. Wakelin IV. ii. 408 Q[uestion]. But if your hedge is overgrown and there are gaps in the bottom of it, what do you do to it?.. [Devon] Reave. 1825 J. Jennings 63 Reeve, to rivel; to draw into wrinkles. 1879 G. F. Jackson (at cited word) ‘Dunna reeve yore nose.’.. ‘If yo'n reeve the skirt, I'll sew it on.’ 1890 J. D. Robertson Reeve,..to roll up the sleeves. 1890 J. D. Robertson (at cited word) It made me reeve. 1896 G. F. Northall (at cited word) Don't reeve your forehead so. 1903 W. K. Chafy-Chafy in (1904) V. 82/1 Reeve, used for drawing together a bag or any piece of fabric with a string run through a hem. [Worcestershire]. 1974 D. Wilson Reeve, to turn up (at the edges; one's sleeves; one's nose, etc.). This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1eOEn.21509n.31610n.41720v.11600v.21777v.31821 |