refinern.

Brit.

/rᵻˈfʌɪnə/, U.S.

/rəˈfaɪnər/,

/riˈfaɪnər/

Forms: see refine v. and -er suffix¹.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: refine v., -er suffix¹.

Etymology: < refine v. + -er suffix¹. With sense 3 compare Middle French refineour (a1469 with reference to sugar production).

1. A person who or thing which imparts elegance, polish, culture, or refinement; a remover of rudeness, coarseness, or vulgarity. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > good taste > refinement > [noun] > imparter of

refiner1582

society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > elegance > [noun] > correctness > one who

refiner1582

purist1699

1582 R. Mulcaster 1st Pt. Elementarie xiv. 100 It maie be set clear, and pure..according to the plat of the best refiners, in the most refined tungs.

1605 W. Camden Remaines i. 28 I may be charged by the minion refiners of English [etc.].

1625 (title) The modell of wit,..by the renowned John Boccacio, the first refiner of Italian prose.

1633 H. Wotton Let. 25 Apr. in Reliquiæ Wottonianæ (1685) 463 War it self is a greater refiner of spirits in little time.

1715 M. Davies Εἰκων Μικρο-βιβλικὴ 30 The two first Refiners of the English Tongue.

1794 G. Adams Lect. Nat. & Exper. Philos. II. xxi. 470 A destroyer, a consumer, and refiner of grossness.

1801 H. More Wks. I. 26 Hail, Conversation..Refiner of the social plan!

1855 G. H. Lewes Life & Wks. Goethe I. 229 There can be no sweeter, tenderer refiners in the world than German ladies.

1995 Independent (Nexis) 8 Feb. (Arts section) 24 There is a culture..that believes poetry must be especially taxing... Poets must go on being the refiners of the language.

†2. A person who engages in refined, esp. over-refined, speculation or reasoning; one who employs subtle, or oversubtle, thought or language. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > discernment, discrimination > [noun] > one who discriminates

discerner1526

distinctor1577

refiner1586

distinguisher1599

discriminator1663

discerning1677

1586 J. Puckering in Plea Sacram. Test 82 The Writings of godly and learned Men, neither answered nor answerable by these new-fangled Refiners.

1654 Bp. J. Taylor Real Presence Ep. Ded. sig. A4 The zeal of prevailing in it hath so blinded the refiners of it in this age, that they still urge these miracles for proof.

1690 W. Temple Ess. Poetry 58 in Miscellanea: 2nd Pt. There are no where..so many Reasoners upon Government, so many Refiners in Politicks.

1712 P. Leigh Life S. Wenefride 38 These Refiners will be apt..to carp at what is here related concerning this Holy Virgin's Return to Life.

1754 J. Edwards Careful Enq. Freedom of Will ii. vii. 64 I wish such Refiners would thoroughly consider, whether they distinctly know their own Meaning.

1900 Universal Cycl. (new ed.) X. 353/2 It was only in the decay of scholasticism that such refiners of doubt appeared, and even then they awoke the ire of all sensible theologians.

a. A person who or thing that refines or purifies a substance, as metal, sugar, or (now esp.) oil.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > freedom from impurities > removal of impurities > [noun] > one who or that which

finer1437

trier1523

refiner1592

purifier1611

animal black1821

depurator1835

re-refiner1943

1592 in R. W. Cochran-Patrick Early Rec. Mining Scotl. (1878) 76 He can nocht tell quhat this maister refyner will tak fra him for virking thairof..also how sall the auner be sur that the kingis refyner vill gif him all his awin mettall that is therin bak againe.

1598 R. Barret Theorike & Pract. Mod. Warres v. 133 Two or three Refiners of powder.

1611 Bible (King James) Mal. iii. 2 He is like a refiners fire, and like fullers sope.

1624 J. Smith Gen. Hist. Virginia iii. iii. 53 The worst was our guilded refiners with their golden promises made all men their slaues in hope of recompences.

1659 R. Boyle Some Motives & Incentives to Love of God 39 'Tis not the Custome of Refiners to snatch the belov'd Metall out of the fire..till it have stood its due time.

1707 J. Mortimer Whole Art Husbandry 542 Crabs..being ground with other mellow Fruit do much inrich the Cyder, and is [sic] the best refiner of foul Cyder.

1720 J. Strype Stow's Surv. of London (rev. ed.) II. v. xv. 244 The former Refiners of Sugar added thereunto corrupt Mixtures, to their own private Gain.

1794 Ann. 3rd Congr. (U.S.) 1421 For the several expenses of the Mint, including the pay of a Refiner,..two thousand seven hundred dollars.

1832 H. Martineau Hill & Valley iv. 61 They saw the refiners take it by turns to run out their moulds of metal.

1864 C. Dickens Our Mutual Friend (1865) I. i. vii. 59 The enriched water in which they wash them is bought for the refiners.

1904 I. M. Tarbell Hist. Standard Oil Co. I. 29 Iron works at Oil City and Titusville promised soon to supply the needs of both drillers and refiners.

1955 Times 18 May 16/4 Keeping the balance product by product between market demand and what the refiner can extract from the barrel of crude oil.

2006 New Yorker 12 June 56/3 By not vetting mergers more carefully, government regulators allowed many refiners to achieve ‘market power’.

b. An apparatus for refining; (Papermaking) a machine in which knots and lumps in the pulp fibres are broken down before the pulp is made into paper.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > paper-making equipment > [noun] > for breaking down lumps in pulp

refiner1713

hydrapulper1941

1713 Wyllys Papers in Connecticut Hist. Soc. Coll. XXI. 380 He..will Erect..a good and Sufficient house that will hold and contain..Two Substantial Reverbatory furnaces, Vizt. a Smelter and a Refyner.

1778 W. Pryce Mineralogia Cornubiensis v. ii. 272 The Copper furnaces bear four names, viz. the Calciner, which is the largest; the Operation, Roaster, and Refiner, which are all of one gauge.

1902 Encycl. Brit. XXXI. 458/2 One form of beater [for paper making] has already been referred to..but engines of quite a different construction are now used largely in American mills, and also to some extent in Great Britain. These are known as ‘refiners’.

1929 R. H. Clapperton & W. Henderson Mod. Paper-making vi. 68 The final clearing of knots, and the reduction of the longer fibres to a uniform length, are often performed by a refiner or perfecting engine.

1963 R. R. A. Higham Handbk. Papermaking ii. 55 The Bauer refiner consists of two discs which rotate in opposite directions, the bars of which form a variety of cutting surfaces according to the character of the stock and the grade of paper to be manufactured.

1989 Designer's Guide to Paper & Board Oct. 21/2 The type of treatment the fibres receive when passing between two metal surfaces in the refiner..depends on the amount of space between the metal surfaces and the time given to the treatment.

2000 Paper Technol. Feb. 29/2 The quantity of excess water generated during this process depends on the moisture content of the raw wood and the temperature at which the refiner is operated.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	refiner
释义	refinern. Brit. /rᵻˈfʌɪnə/, U.S. /rəˈfaɪnər/, /riˈfaɪnər/ Forms: see refine v. and -er suffix¹. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: refine v., -er suffix¹. Etymology: < refine v. + -er suffix¹. With sense 3 compare Middle French refineour (a1469 with reference to sugar production). 1. A person who or thing which imparts elegance, polish, culture, or refinement; a remover of rudeness, coarseness, or vulgarity. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > good taste > refinement > [noun] > imparter of refiner1582 society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > elegance > [noun] > correctness > one who refiner1582 purist1699 1582 R. Mulcaster 1st Pt. Elementarie xiv. 100 It maie be set clear, and pure..according to the plat of the best refiners, in the most refined tungs. 1605 W. Camden Remaines i. 28 I may be charged by the minion refiners of English [etc.]. 1625 (title) The modell of wit,..by the renowned John Boccacio, the first refiner of Italian prose. 1633 H. Wotton Let. 25 Apr. in Reliquiæ Wottonianæ (1685) 463 War it self is a greater refiner of spirits in little time. 1715 M. Davies Εἰκων Μικρο-βιβλικὴ 30 The two first Refiners of the English Tongue. 1794 G. Adams Lect. Nat. & Exper. Philos. II. xxi. 470 A destroyer, a consumer, and refiner of grossness. 1801 H. More Wks. I. 26 Hail, Conversation..Refiner of the social plan! 1855 G. H. Lewes Life & Wks. Goethe I. 229 There can be no sweeter, tenderer refiners in the world than German ladies. 1995 Independent (Nexis) 8 Feb. (Arts section) 24 There is a culture..that believes poetry must be especially taxing... Poets must go on being the refiners of the language. †2. A person who engages in refined, esp. over-refined, speculation or reasoning; one who employs subtle, or oversubtle, thought or language. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > discernment, discrimination > [noun] > one who discriminates discerner1526 distinctor1577 refiner1586 distinguisher1599 discriminator1663 discerning1677 1586 J. Puckering in Plea Sacram. Test 82 The Writings of godly and learned Men, neither answered nor answerable by these new-fangled Refiners. 1654 Bp. J. Taylor Real Presence Ep. Ded. sig. A4 The zeal of prevailing in it hath so blinded the refiners of it in this age, that they still urge these miracles for proof. 1690 W. Temple Ess. Poetry 58 in Miscellanea: 2nd Pt. There are no where..so many Reasoners upon Government, so many Refiners in Politicks. 1712 P. Leigh Life S. Wenefride 38 These Refiners will be apt..to carp at what is here related concerning this Holy Virgin's Return to Life. 1754 J. Edwards Careful Enq. Freedom of Will ii. vii. 64 I wish such Refiners would thoroughly consider, whether they distinctly know their own Meaning. 1900 Universal Cycl. (new ed.) X. 353/2 It was only in the decay of scholasticism that such refiners of doubt appeared, and even then they awoke the ire of all sensible theologians. 3. a. A person who or thing that refines or purifies a substance, as metal, sugar, or (now esp.) oil. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > freedom from impurities > removal of impurities > [noun] > one who or that which finer1437 trier1523 refiner1592 purifier1611 animal black1821 depurator1835 re-refiner1943 1592 in R. W. Cochran-Patrick Early Rec. Mining Scotl. (1878) 76 He can nocht tell quhat this maister refyner will tak fra him for virking thairof..also how sall the auner be sur that the kingis refyner vill gif him all his awin mettall that is therin bak againe. 1598 R. Barret Theorike & Pract. Mod. Warres v. 133 Two or three Refiners of powder. 1611 Bible (King James) Mal. iii. 2 He is like a refiners fire, and like fullers sope. View more context for this quotation 1624 J. Smith Gen. Hist. Virginia iii. iii. 53 The worst was our guilded refiners with their golden promises made all men their slaues in hope of recompences. 1659 R. Boyle Some Motives & Incentives to Love of God 39 'Tis not the Custome of Refiners to snatch the belov'd Metall out of the fire..till it have stood its due time. 1707 J. Mortimer Whole Art Husbandry 542 Crabs..being ground with other mellow Fruit do much inrich the Cyder, and is [sic] the best refiner of foul Cyder. 1720 J. Strype Stow's Surv. of London (rev. ed.) II. v. xv. 244 The former Refiners of Sugar added thereunto corrupt Mixtures, to their own private Gain. 1794 Ann. 3rd Congr. (U.S.) 1421 For the several expenses of the Mint, including the pay of a Refiner,..two thousand seven hundred dollars. 1832 H. Martineau Hill & Valley iv. 61 They saw the refiners take it by turns to run out their moulds of metal. 1864 C. Dickens Our Mutual Friend (1865) I. i. vii. 59 The enriched water in which they wash them is bought for the refiners. 1904 I. M. Tarbell Hist. Standard Oil Co. I. 29 Iron works at Oil City and Titusville promised soon to supply the needs of both drillers and refiners. 1955 Times 18 May 16/4 Keeping the balance product by product between market demand and what the refiner can extract from the barrel of crude oil. 2006 New Yorker 12 June 56/3 By not vetting mergers more carefully, government regulators allowed many refiners to achieve ‘market power’. b. An apparatus for refining; (Papermaking) a machine in which knots and lumps in the pulp fibres are broken down before the pulp is made into paper. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > paper-making equipment > [noun] > for breaking down lumps in pulp refiner1713 hydrapulper1941 1713 Wyllys Papers in Connecticut Hist. Soc. Coll. XXI. 380 He..will Erect..a good and Sufficient house that will hold and contain..Two Substantial Reverbatory furnaces, Vizt. a Smelter and a Refyner. 1778 W. Pryce Mineralogia Cornubiensis v. ii. 272 The Copper furnaces bear four names, viz. the Calciner, which is the largest; the Operation, Roaster, and Refiner, which are all of one gauge. 1902 Encycl. Brit. XXXI. 458/2 One form of beater [for paper making] has already been referred to..but engines of quite a different construction are now used largely in American mills, and also to some extent in Great Britain. These are known as ‘refiners’. 1929 R. H. Clapperton & W. Henderson Mod. Paper-making vi. 68 The final clearing of knots, and the reduction of the longer fibres to a uniform length, are often performed by a refiner or perfecting engine. 1963 R. R. A. Higham Handbk. Papermaking ii. 55 The Bauer refiner consists of two discs which rotate in opposite directions, the bars of which form a variety of cutting surfaces according to the character of the stock and the grade of paper to be manufactured. 1989 Designer's Guide to Paper & Board Oct. 21/2 The type of treatment the fibres receive when passing between two metal surfaces in the refiner..depends on the amount of space between the metal surfaces and the time given to the treatment. 2000 Paper Technol. Feb. 29/2 The quantity of excess water generated during this process depends on the moisture content of the raw wood and the temperature at which the refiner is operated. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.1582
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