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单词 reformatory
释义

reformatoryadj.n.

Brit. /rᵻˈfɔːmət(ə)ri/, U.S. /rəˈfɔrməˌtɔri/, /riˈfɔrməˌtɔri/
Forms: 1500s–1600s reformatorie, 1700s– reformatory.
Origin: A borrowing from Latin, combined with an English element. Etymons: Latin reformāt- , reformāre , -ory suffix2.
Etymology: < classical Latin reformāt-, past participial stem of reformāre reform v.1 + -ory suffix2. Compare Middle French reformatoire tending or intended to reform or correct (1508 in an isolated attestation), and (with the use as noun) post-classical Latin reformatorium reformation, amendment (15th cent. in British and continental sources).
A. adj.
1. = reformist adj. 1. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > amending > [adjective] > reforming
mendinga1542
reformatory1589
reforming?1591
reformative1593
reformalizing1614
reformationary1823
reformationist1948
1589 T. Nashe To Students in R. Greene Menaphon Epist. Sig. Av The vpstart discipline, of our reformatorie Churchmen, who account wit vanitie, and poetrie impietie.
2. Tending or intended to produce reform.
ΘΚΠ
society > morality > virtue > righteousness or rectitude > reform, amendment, or correction > [adjective]
reforming?1591
reformative1593
verticordious1702
reformatory1791
reformationary1823
reformationist1948
1611 J. Speed Hist. Great Brit. ix. ix. 535/2 The Barons did as yet forbeare to declare, what those reformatorie Prouisions should be.
1709 J. Strype Ann. Reformation xvii. 209 Much was done not long after according to this Reformatory Platform.
1791 J. Bentham Panopticon ii. Postscr. 189 The business of reformatory instruction may be transferred to the Chapel.
1831 J. Mackintosh Speech in Commons 4 July in Wks. (1846) III. 535 Such objections..would exclude most important questions, and, certainly, all reformatory measures.
1859 Jrnl. Statist. Soc. 22 39 I will not dwell on the capricious terms of imprisonment which have been coupled with sentences to Reformatory discipline.
1884 Manch. Examiner 21 Aug. 4/7 The object of the discipline..is not so much retributive as reformatory.
1911 H. S. Harrison Queed xxv. 314 Say, Doc, I been readin' them reformatory drools of yours.
1950 Times 20 Mar. 5/3 As the result of the laudable impulse for reformatory treatment, the expectation may have been fostered among criminals that they will find that the salutary discomforts of prison have been reformed away.
1991 M. Valverde Age Light, Soap, & Water i. 26 The turn of the century witnessed a marked decline of eye-for-eye discourses on crime and their replacement by therapeutic and reformatory strategies.
B. n.
An institution for the discipline and reform of criminal offenders; (now chiefly North American) one to which young offenders are sent as an alternative to prison; cf. reform school n. at reform n.2 and adj. Compounds 2.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > place of education > school > [noun] > reform school
house of reformation1581
reformatory1758
reform school1839
truant-school1872
training school1905
approved school1932
juvie1967
society > authority > punishment > imprisonment > prison > [noun] > reformatory prison > for young offenders
house of reformation1581
reformatory1758
reform school1839
Borstal1907
community home1915
boot camp1978
1758 J. Fielding (title) A plan for a preservatory and reformatory, for the benefit of deserted girls, and penitent prostitutes.
1834 J. S. Mill in Monthly Repos. 8 735 If all who, in any manner violated the laws, were removed into such a place of reformation, the inhabitants of the reformatory would speedily outnumber the remainder of the community.
1878 Harper's Mag. Dec. 109/1 Our reformatories..do not check the first steps in wrong-doing.
1934 Sun (Baltimore) 9 Oct. 7/3 Colletta..had better be good or she will be sent to a reformatory, her mother..warned today as the Pittsburgh (Pa.) playgirl arrived in Manila.
1959 F. O'Connor Let. 5 July in Habit of Being (1980) 339 The reformatory is about a mile away and the lads escape about this time of year.
1977 Washington Post 25 Feb. a2/1 About 200 inmates at the Ohio State Reformatory hurled trays and food and fought guards during a disturbance today in the institution dining room.
2004 Spin June 97/2 He knew Vorce was looking at several years in Long Creek Youth Detention Centre, a Maine state reformatory.

Phrases

Chiefly North American. in reformatory: in a reformatory, esp. as a custodial sentence.
ΚΠ
1869 J. W. Edmonds Statutes at Large of State of N.Y. (ed. 2) V. 256 Ever learned a trade, ever married, ever in reformatory, [etc.].
1895 J. Crankshaw Pract. Guide Police Magistrates xii. 308 (heading) No imprisonment in reformatory in Ontario.
1917 H. E. Barnes Rep. Prison Inq. Commiss. (State of N.J.) II. 298 (in table) Arrested five times or more... In Reformatory less than 15 mos... Went home when paroled [etc.].
1970 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 26 Sept. 2/2 [He] was sentenced to two years less a day definite and 18 months indeterminate in reformatory after admitting that he stole about $50,000 from Sunnybrook Hospital.
1997 N. Rose in R. Porter Rewriting Self 225 The psychiatrist assessing the defendant before charge, verdict or sentence or running ‘therapeutic groups’ in prison or reformatory; the doctor evaluating a disturbed individual with a view to compelling them to receive psychiatric treatment.
2005 R. Nidel World Music: Basics ii. 100 He picked up boxing at age 13 and after spending a year in reformatory, worked in the steel mills with his father.

Compounds

reformatory school n. an institution to which young offenders are sent as an alternative to prison, typically focusing on education and training rather than punishment.
ΚΠ
1824 Monthly Rev. Aug. 423 Having converted the..dungeons of the poor..into reformatory schools and penitentiaries.
1912 Times 2 Mar. 7/3 He would be detained in a reformatory school for three years.
2000 St. Louis (Missouri) Post-Dispatch (Electronic ed.) 30 Jan. I didn't want him to feel like I was sending him to a reformatory school.
reformatory ship n. now historical a ship used as a reformatory school, specifically for training young offenders to be seamen; cf. prison ship n. at prison n. Compounds 1c.
ΚΠ
1856 Liverpool Mercury 30 Jan. 4/5 Their time and attention having been so much required in establishing the reformatory ship, they [sc. the committee of the friends and supporters of the Liverpool Reformatory Institution] have been unable to make any progress with the other two branches contemplated in their prospectus.
1858 S. P. Day Juvenile Crime xi. 429 Upon application to the Admiralty, the ‘Akbar’ was generously granted for the purpose of a Reformatory ship.
1933 J. Masefield Conway ii. 61 H.M.S. reformatory-ship Clarence was fired and burned by the boys on board her.
2003 M. Kohli Golden Bridge vii. 244 In 1863, Nugent helped to obtain a vessel, the Clarence, for use as a reformatory ship.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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adj.n.1589
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