reinforcementn.

Brit.

/ˌriːɪnˈfɔːsm(ə)nt/, U.S.

/ˌriᵻnˈfɔrsm(ə)nt/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: reinforce v., -ment suffix.

Etymology: < reinforce v. + -ment suffix. Compare French renforcement (1387 in Middle French). Compare earlier re-enforcement n., which shows semantic overlap with the word, and also earlier enforcement n.

a. Augmentation of strength or force; the action of strengthening a person or thing in any way.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > strengthening or confirmation of immaterial things > [noun]

strenghinga1400

strengthc1400

affirmance1442

roboration1473

confirmation1520

corroboration1529

fortification1530

strengthening1535

hardening1544

establishment1561

re-enforcement1577

comforting1605

reinforcement1605

consolidation1611

establishing1846

undergirding1868

entrenchment1877

entrenching1950

the world > relative properties > quantity > increase in quantity, amount, or degree > [noun] > increase in strength or force

re-enforcement1577

reinforcement1605

1605 W. Temple Logicall Anal. 20 Select Psalmes 121 For a further warrant and reinforcement of the profession he maketh,..he tendereth vnto vs this conclusion.

1651 O. Cromwell Let. 26 July in Writings & Speeches (1939) (modernized text) II. 436 He hath lately gotten great provisions of meal, and reinforcement of his strength out of the North.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost i. 190 What reinforcement we may gain from Hope.

1734 D. Waterland Importance Doctr. Trinity vii, in Wks. (1823) V. 287 Their faith may be both strengthened and brightened by this additional re~inforcement.

1811 T. Coke Hist. W. Indies III. xliv. 277 It was the reinforcement of hope, united with the resolution of despair, that taught them to disregard..the smallness of their own numbers.

1882 H. Spencer Polit. Inst. in Princ. Sociol. III. 349 This re-inforcement of natural power by supernatural power.

1958 Spectator 6 June 752/2 Sir Oliver Franks..called for a ‘stabilisation’ loan [from the United States] and the reinforcement of the IMF resources.

1989 European Jrnl. Appl. Physiol. 58 426/1 The reinforcement of dynamic force may be produced by the pre-stretch of agonistic muscles.

2001 Oxoniensia 65 264 The deposition of the razor may have been considered as an appropriate way to mark the establishment or reinforcement of the boundary.

b. spec. Increase in the intensity or amplitude of sound.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > science of sound > [noun] > increase in amplitude or intensity

reinforcement1797

1797 J. Robison in Encycl. Brit. XVIII. 584/2 The author distinguishes..between the prodigious reinforcement of sound in a speaking trumpet and that in the musical trumpet.

1846 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 136 565 In the falsetto, when the vocal apparatus has resumed its original condition, there will be less reinforcement of the sound.

1879 G. B. Prescott Speaking Telephone (new ed.) 51 It was found that each vowel position caused the reinforcement of some particular fork or forks.

1918 Glasgow Herald 21 July 4/2 An echo—modified..by reinforcements of sound at one point or an unwished for diminuendo at another.

1969 L. F. Yerges Sound, Noise, & Vibration Control 70 Today..deliberate ‘electrical’ amplification is the more significant means of sound reinforcement.

1996 Jrnl. Audio Engin. Soc. 44 821 The Australian Parliamentary Chambers present difficult circumstances for the reinforcement of speech.

c. Psychology. The action or an act of establishing or strengthening a particular response to a stimulus or a learnt behaviour through the repetition of a rewarding or unpleasant event contingent on the response. Cf. conditioned reflex at conditioned adj. 7b.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > psychology > experimental psychology > conditioning > [noun] > strengthening of response

reinforcement1876

1876 W. James in Nation 8 June 368/2 The whole question of its predetermination relates to the intensity of the degree of reinforcement with which the triumphant representation recurs.

1906 C. S. Sherrington Integrative Action Nerv. Syst. v. 175 This reinforcement is significant of the solidarity of the whole spinal mechanism.

1927 G. V. Anrep tr. I. P. Pavlov Conditioned Reflexes vii. 117 The first method consisted in repeating the definite conditioned stimulus a great number of times always accompanied by reinforcement.

1948 E. R. Hilgard Theories of Learning iv. 84 Primary reinforcement..is identified with diminution of need. Secondary reinforcement is mediated by a stimulus which has been closely and consistently associated with the need reduction.

1960 J. B. Carroll in S. Saporta & J. R. Bastian Psycholinguistics (1961) 333/1 A purely Pavlovian or Watsonian view of language learning has been supplanted generally by some variety of reinforcement theory.

2001 E. Schlosser Fast Food Nation iii. 74 One of these techniques is called ‘stroking’—a form of positive reinforcement, deliberate praise, and recognition that many teenagers don't get at home.

†a. The action of becoming stronger as a military force with the addition of fresh troops. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military operations > distribution of troops > [noun] > reinforcing

stuffing1533

supplement1548

renforcing1566

reinforcing1606

reinforcement1609

re-enforcing1611

reincrew1627

enforcement1643

recruit1645

1609 tr. ‘J. Ursinus’ Romane Conclaue 52 Hee must volens nolens giue him time of breathing and re-inforcement.

1617 F. Moryson Itinerary ii. 187 We haue..commanded..the said Sir Arthur himselfe to march vp with a thousand of the best men to your reinforcement in Mounster.

1664 J. Howell tr. J. Nadányi Florus Hungaricus iv. 165 The Palatine suspecting reinforcement of the Enemy or contenting himself with the rescue of Zigeth, returned to Chorgond.

b. A fresh supply of troops or other personnel to assist or strengthen a military or similar force. Frequently (and now chiefly) in plural.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > group with special function or duty > [noun] > reinforcements

succour?c1225

over-numbera1450

supplies1488

supplement1548

re-enforce1618

recrew1619

recruit1635

reinforcement1641

enforcement1643

reinforce1648

sustainer1708

re-enforcement1718

supporter1796

stiffening1900

1641 Earl of Monmouth tr. G. F. Biondi Hist. Civil Warres Eng. I. iv. 58 The Maid departed..to meet with Charles at Chinon, and..obtained from him, such reinforcements [It. rinforçi] as she desired of him.

1646 H. Lawrence Of Communion & Warre with Angels 187 If souldiers be weake, or succumbe in fight, they send to their Generall for supplies and reinforcements.

1683 W. Temple Mem. in Wks. (1731) I. 393 With some of these new Troops, and a Reinforcement from Flanders.

1732 T. Lediard tr. J. Terrasson Life Sethos II. ix. 276 He..had just receiv'd..a reinforcement of 30,000 men.

1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall II. xxvi. 612 His army was strengthened by a numerous reinforcement of veterans.

1826 W. Scott Woodstock II. iii. 58 The trooper, who goes to Oxford for the reinforcement.

1847 W. H. Prescott Hist. Conquest Peru II. iv. i. 90 Francisco Pizarro had remained at Lima, anxiously awaiting the arrival of the reinforcements which he had requested.

1902 G. S. Whitmore Last Maori War iv. 55 The field force had fallen back to Nukumaru to await reinforcements.

1932 G. Greene Stamboul Train ii. i. 92 The government was able to muster police reinforcements, and with the help of a platoon of soldiers and a couple of field-guns, the police recaptured the post office.

1961 J. Toland But not in Shame i. v. 89 It will be a long time before major reinforcements can go to the Philippines, longer than the garrison can hold out with any driblet assistance.

2004 U.S. News & World Rep. 26 Apr. 28/2 Drawing fire from other Taliban fighters, the rest of the unit pulled back, awaiting reinforcements.

†3. A renewal of force; a fresh assault. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > attack > [noun] > fresh or subsequent attack

reinforcementa1616

a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) ii. ii. 113 He..aydelesse came off, And with a sudden re-inforcement strucke Carioles like a Planet.

4. An additional supply or contribution.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > supply > [noun] > that which is supplied > a supply > a fresh or additional supply

re-enforcement1577

resupply1579

replenishment1607

reinforcement1625

recruital1648

recruit1650

replenish1654

recruitment1799

refill1883

reload1928

1625 W. C. Dutch Survay 2 The losse of men, money, munition, and shipping, which like our haire growe out againe vpon euery new reinforcement and supply.

1723 Duke of Wharton True Briton No. 21. ¶14 So great a Reinforcement of Non-juresses, as they will now have.

1766 Compl. Farmer at Madder He was so kind as to make me a present of an hundred sets of them; and this little reinforcement, added to what I had raised of my own [etc.].

1837 T. Hook Jack Brag III. v. 180 He resolved upon having a strong reinforcement of comestibles.

a1894 W. Pater Gaston de Latour (1896) vii. 192 Great reinforcements of sympathy.

1926 Amer. Mercury Apr. 479/1 Our pastors and pious brethren, and..the professional devil-chasers who were imported as reinforcements from time to time.

2007 W. J. Smyth tr. K. Bringmann Hist. Rom. Republic iii. 141 Similar reinforcements of colonists were sent to Venusia,..Narnia..and Cosa,..with no fewer than 1000 families going to the last.

5. The action or an act of enforcing again; (also) a repetition with fresh force; a reiteration. Cf. re-enforcement n. 1. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > obedience > compulsion > [noun] > compelling the fulfilment or performance of > anew

reinforcement1641

1641 ‘Smectymnuus’ Vindic. Answer Hvmble Remonstr. ii. 10 There are two specious Arguments which this Remonstrant brings to perswade this desired re-inforcement.

1657 J. Stalham (title) The reviler rebuked: or a reinforcement of the charges against the Quakers.

1676 A. Marvell Mr. Smirke sig. G Openly to break so many known laws of the Land, after so many reinforcements, is not this to be turbulent?

1873 R. Phillimore Eccl. Law I. 649 The following canon, in the main of it, was only a re-inforcement of one of the Lord Cromwell's injunctions.

1981 O. Chadwick Popes & European Revol. ii. viii. 605 The re-inforcement of the rules by revived authority made the old burden seem even harder.

a. Something that reinforces or strengthens a material or structure; esp. the strengthening structure or material employed in reinforced concrete or plastic.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > synthetic resins and plastics > [noun] > plastic > strengthening layer of fibre

reinforcement1974

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > concrete > [noun] > strengthening structure or material

reinforce1869

reinforcing1900

reinforcement2004

1898 Rep. Purdue Univ. 24 Tests of reinforced concrete beams with various degrees of reinforcement.]

1901 G. W. James Indian Basketry viii. 103 This weave or weft is identical with our three ply braid or plait. It is too cumbersome to be employed alone, but is often found in rings in specimens of other weaves..as a reinforcement or stiffener.

1948 C. E. Chapel Aircraft Basic Sci. ii. 84/2 The true monocoque has as its only reinforcement vertical bulkheads formed of structural members.

1963 E. H. Edwards Saddlery xiv. 96 The head and gullet are strengthened with steel plates and there is also a steel reinforcement laid on to the underside of the tree.

1974 Encycl. Brit. Macropædia XIV. 519/1 Reinforcements [for plastics] include cotton and asbestos flocks; glass fibres, chopped or in the form of rovings, mats, or monofilaments; carbon fibres; and mineral whiskers.

2004 P. Hymers New Home Builder viii. 165 Most of the houses have now been condemned as structurally unsafe: the panels were thin, cover to the reinforcement was less than generous, and the disease of concrete cancer set in.

b. A small adhesive ring of paper or other material placed over a punched hole in filing paper to prevent the paper from tearing.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > writing > writing materials > other writing equipment > [noun] > ring to protect punched hole from tearing

reinforcement1937

1937 Amer. Jrnl. Nursing 37 721 Plain, three-holed note-book paper that is protected by gummed reinforcements, may be conveniently organized, indexed, and filed in notebooks.

1963 R. L. Collison Mod. Business Filing & Archives v. 84 For precision work lever punches, with sliding guides for correct positioning, and self-adhesive linen reinforcements, are necessary.

1969 P. Roth Portnoy's Complaint 14 Patiently fastens reinforcements to a term's worth of three-ringed paper, lined and unlined both.

2002 Daily News (N.Y.) (Nexis) 28 Apr. (Lifeline) 13 For those who have ever fumbled with those adhesive reinforcements, an applicator shaped like a hole punch ($12) neatly and easily does the trick.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	reinforcement
释义	reinforcementn. Brit. /ˌriːɪnˈfɔːsm(ə)nt/, U.S. /ˌriᵻnˈfɔrsm(ə)nt/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: reinforce v., -ment suffix. Etymology: < reinforce v. + -ment suffix. Compare French renforcement (1387 in Middle French). Compare earlier re-enforcement n., which shows semantic overlap with the word, and also earlier enforcement n. 1. a. Augmentation of strength or force; the action of strengthening a person or thing in any way. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > strengthening or confirmation of immaterial things > [noun] strenghinga1400 strengthc1400 affirmance1442 roboration1473 confirmation1520 corroboration1529 fortification1530 strengthening1535 hardening1544 establishment1561 re-enforcement1577 comforting1605 reinforcement1605 consolidation1611 establishing1846 undergirding1868 entrenchment1877 entrenching1950 the world > relative properties > quantity > increase in quantity, amount, or degree > [noun] > increase in strength or force re-enforcement1577 reinforcement1605 1605 W. Temple Logicall Anal. 20 Select Psalmes 121 For a further warrant and reinforcement of the profession he maketh,..he tendereth vnto vs this conclusion. 1651 O. Cromwell Let. 26 July in Writings & Speeches (1939) (modernized text) II. 436 He hath lately gotten great provisions of meal, and reinforcement of his strength out of the North. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost i. 190 What reinforcement we may gain from Hope. View more context for this quotation 1734 D. Waterland Importance Doctr. Trinity vii, in Wks. (1823) V. 287 Their faith may be both strengthened and brightened by this additional re~inforcement. 1811 T. Coke Hist. W. Indies III. xliv. 277 It was the reinforcement of hope, united with the resolution of despair, that taught them to disregard..the smallness of their own numbers. 1882 H. Spencer Polit. Inst. in Princ. Sociol. III. 349 This re-inforcement of natural power by supernatural power. 1958 Spectator 6 June 752/2 Sir Oliver Franks..called for a ‘stabilisation’ loan [from the United States] and the reinforcement of the IMF resources. 1989 European Jrnl. Appl. Physiol. 58 426/1 The reinforcement of dynamic force may be produced by the pre-stretch of agonistic muscles. 2001 Oxoniensia 65 264 The deposition of the razor may have been considered as an appropriate way to mark the establishment or reinforcement of the boundary. b. spec. Increase in the intensity or amplitude of sound. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > science of sound > [noun] > increase in amplitude or intensity reinforcement1797 1797 J. Robison in Encycl. Brit. XVIII. 584/2 The author distinguishes..between the prodigious reinforcement of sound in a speaking trumpet and that in the musical trumpet. 1846 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 136 565 In the falsetto, when the vocal apparatus has resumed its original condition, there will be less reinforcement of the sound. 1879 G. B. Prescott Speaking Telephone (new ed.) 51 It was found that each vowel position caused the reinforcement of some particular fork or forks. 1918 Glasgow Herald 21 July 4/2 An echo—modified..by reinforcements of sound at one point or an unwished for diminuendo at another. 1969 L. F. Yerges Sound, Noise, & Vibration Control 70 Today..deliberate ‘electrical’ amplification is the more significant means of sound reinforcement. 1996 Jrnl. Audio Engin. Soc. 44 821 The Australian Parliamentary Chambers present difficult circumstances for the reinforcement of speech. c. Psychology. The action or an act of establishing or strengthening a particular response to a stimulus or a learnt behaviour through the repetition of a rewarding or unpleasant event contingent on the response. Cf. conditioned reflex at conditioned adj. 7b. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > psychology > experimental psychology > conditioning > [noun] > strengthening of response reinforcement1876 1876 W. James in Nation 8 June 368/2 The whole question of its predetermination relates to the intensity of the degree of reinforcement with which the triumphant representation recurs. 1906 C. S. Sherrington Integrative Action Nerv. Syst. v. 175 This reinforcement is significant of the solidarity of the whole spinal mechanism. 1927 G. V. Anrep tr. I. P. Pavlov Conditioned Reflexes vii. 117 The first method consisted in repeating the definite conditioned stimulus a great number of times always accompanied by reinforcement. 1948 E. R. Hilgard Theories of Learning iv. 84 Primary reinforcement..is identified with diminution of need. Secondary reinforcement is mediated by a stimulus which has been closely and consistently associated with the need reduction. 1960 J. B. Carroll in S. Saporta & J. R. Bastian Psycholinguistics (1961) 333/1 A purely Pavlovian or Watsonian view of language learning has been supplanted generally by some variety of reinforcement theory. 2001 E. Schlosser Fast Food Nation iii. 74 One of these techniques is called ‘stroking’—a form of positive reinforcement, deliberate praise, and recognition that many teenagers don't get at home. 2. †a. The action of becoming stronger as a military force with the addition of fresh troops. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military operations > distribution of troops > [noun] > reinforcing stuffing1533 supplement1548 renforcing1566 reinforcing1606 reinforcement1609 re-enforcing1611 reincrew1627 enforcement1643 recruit1645 1609 tr. ‘J. Ursinus’ Romane Conclaue 52 Hee must volens nolens giue him time of breathing and re-inforcement. 1617 F. Moryson Itinerary ii. 187 We haue..commanded..the said Sir Arthur himselfe to march vp with a thousand of the best men to your reinforcement in Mounster. 1664 J. Howell tr. J. Nadányi Florus Hungaricus iv. 165 The Palatine suspecting reinforcement of the Enemy or contenting himself with the rescue of Zigeth, returned to Chorgond. b. A fresh supply of troops or other personnel to assist or strengthen a military or similar force. Frequently (and now chiefly) in plural. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > group with special function or duty > [noun] > reinforcements succour?c1225 over-numbera1450 supplies1488 supplement1548 re-enforce1618 recrew1619 recruit1635 reinforcement1641 enforcement1643 reinforce1648 sustainer1708 re-enforcement1718 supporter1796 stiffening1900 1641 Earl of Monmouth tr. G. F. Biondi Hist. Civil Warres Eng. I. iv. 58 The Maid departed..to meet with Charles at Chinon, and..obtained from him, such reinforcements [It. rinforçi] as she desired of him. 1646 H. Lawrence Of Communion & Warre with Angels 187 If souldiers be weake, or succumbe in fight, they send to their Generall for supplies and reinforcements. 1683 W. Temple Mem. in Wks. (1731) I. 393 With some of these new Troops, and a Reinforcement from Flanders. 1732 T. Lediard tr. J. Terrasson Life Sethos II. ix. 276 He..had just receiv'd..a reinforcement of 30,000 men. 1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall II. xxvi. 612 His army was strengthened by a numerous reinforcement of veterans. 1826 W. Scott Woodstock II. iii. 58 The trooper, who goes to Oxford for the reinforcement. 1847 W. H. Prescott Hist. Conquest Peru II. iv. i. 90 Francisco Pizarro had remained at Lima, anxiously awaiting the arrival of the reinforcements which he had requested. 1902 G. S. Whitmore Last Maori War iv. 55 The field force had fallen back to Nukumaru to await reinforcements. 1932 G. Greene Stamboul Train ii. i. 92 The government was able to muster police reinforcements, and with the help of a platoon of soldiers and a couple of field-guns, the police recaptured the post office. 1961 J. Toland But not in Shame i. v. 89 It will be a long time before major reinforcements can go to the Philippines, longer than the garrison can hold out with any driblet assistance. 2004 U.S. News & World Rep. 26 Apr. 28/2 Drawing fire from other Taliban fighters, the rest of the unit pulled back, awaiting reinforcements. †3. A renewal of force; a fresh assault. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > attack > [noun] > fresh or subsequent attack reinforcementa1616 a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) ii. ii. 113 He..aydelesse came off, And with a sudden re-inforcement strucke Carioles like a Planet. View more context for this quotation 4. An additional supply or contribution. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > supply > [noun] > that which is supplied > a supply > a fresh or additional supply re-enforcement1577 resupply1579 replenishment1607 reinforcement1625 recruital1648 recruit1650 replenish1654 recruitment1799 refill1883 reload1928 1625 W. C. Dutch Survay 2 The losse of men, money, munition, and shipping, which like our haire growe out againe vpon euery new reinforcement and supply. 1723 Duke of Wharton True Briton No. 21. ¶14 So great a Reinforcement of Non-juresses, as they will now have. 1766 Compl. Farmer at Madder He was so kind as to make me a present of an hundred sets of them; and this little reinforcement, added to what I had raised of my own [etc.]. 1837 T. Hook Jack Brag III. v. 180 He resolved upon having a strong reinforcement of comestibles. a1894 W. Pater Gaston de Latour (1896) vii. 192 Great reinforcements of sympathy. 1926 Amer. Mercury Apr. 479/1 Our pastors and pious brethren, and..the professional devil-chasers who were imported as reinforcements from time to time. 2007 W. J. Smyth tr. K. Bringmann Hist. Rom. Republic iii. 141 Similar reinforcements of colonists were sent to Venusia,..Narnia..and Cosa,..with no fewer than 1000 families going to the last. 5. The action or an act of enforcing again; (also) a repetition with fresh force; a reiteration. Cf. re-enforcement n. 1. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > obedience > compulsion > [noun] > compelling the fulfilment or performance of > anew reinforcement1641 1641 ‘Smectymnuus’ Vindic. Answer Hvmble Remonstr. ii. 10 There are two specious Arguments which this Remonstrant brings to perswade this desired re-inforcement. 1657 J. Stalham (title) The reviler rebuked: or a reinforcement of the charges against the Quakers. 1676 A. Marvell Mr. Smirke sig. G Openly to break so many known laws of the Land, after so many reinforcements, is not this to be turbulent? 1873 R. Phillimore Eccl. Law I. 649 The following canon, in the main of it, was only a re-inforcement of one of the Lord Cromwell's injunctions. 1981 O. Chadwick Popes & European Revol. ii. viii. 605 The re-inforcement of the rules by revived authority made the old burden seem even harder. 6. a. Something that reinforces or strengthens a material or structure; esp. the strengthening structure or material employed in reinforced concrete or plastic. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > synthetic resins and plastics > [noun] > plastic > strengthening layer of fibre reinforcement1974 society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > concrete > [noun] > strengthening structure or material reinforce1869 reinforcing1900 reinforcement2004 1898 Rep. Purdue Univ. 24 Tests of reinforced concrete beams with various degrees of reinforcement.] 1901 G. W. James Indian Basketry viii. 103 This weave or weft is identical with our three ply braid or plait. It is too cumbersome to be employed alone, but is often found in rings in specimens of other weaves..as a reinforcement or stiffener. 1948 C. E. Chapel Aircraft Basic Sci. ii. 84/2 The true monocoque has as its only reinforcement vertical bulkheads formed of structural members. 1963 E. H. Edwards Saddlery xiv. 96 The head and gullet are strengthened with steel plates and there is also a steel reinforcement laid on to the underside of the tree. 1974 Encycl. Brit. Macropædia XIV. 519/1 Reinforcements [for plastics] include cotton and asbestos flocks; glass fibres, chopped or in the form of rovings, mats, or monofilaments; carbon fibres; and mineral whiskers. 2004 P. Hymers New Home Builder viii. 165 Most of the houses have now been condemned as structurally unsafe: the panels were thin, cover to the reinforcement was less than generous, and the disease of concrete cancer set in. b. A small adhesive ring of paper or other material placed over a punched hole in filing paper to prevent the paper from tearing. ΘΚΠ society > communication > writing > writing materials > other writing equipment > [noun] > ring to protect punched hole from tearing reinforcement1937 1937 Amer. Jrnl. Nursing 37 721 Plain, three-holed note-book paper that is protected by gummed reinforcements, may be conveniently organized, indexed, and filed in notebooks. 1963 R. L. Collison Mod. Business Filing & Archives v. 84 For precision work lever punches, with sliding guides for correct positioning, and self-adhesive linen reinforcements, are necessary. 1969 P. Roth Portnoy's Complaint 14 Patiently fastens reinforcements to a term's worth of three-ringed paper, lined and unlined both. 2002 Daily News (N.Y.) (Nexis) 28 Apr. (Lifeline) 13 For those who have ever fumbled with those adhesive reinforcements, an applicator shaped like a hole punch ($12) neatly and easily does the trick. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1605
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