relievern.

Brit.

/rᵻˈliːvə/, U.S.

/rəˈlivər/,

/riˈlivər/

Forms:

α. See relieve v. and -er suffix¹.

β. 1500s releuor.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: relieve v., -er suffix¹.

Etymology: < relieve v. + -er suffix¹. Compare Anglo-Norman relevour, Old French releveor, Middle French releveur (c1215 in Anglo-Norman (in relevour des eglises) in uncertain sense, either ‘benefactor, champion (of churches)’ or ‘rebuilder (of churches)’; a1505 in sense ‘benefactor (of the poor)’).With the β. forms compare -or suffix.

a. A person who or thing which relieves (in various senses); an easer or alleviator of someone or something.Sometimes with modifying word specifying the thing relieved. Cf. pain reliever n. at pain n.¹ Compounds 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > types of help > [noun] > help in trouble, danger, or difficulty > one who

reliever?c1425

?c1425 Wise Bk. Philos. Astron. (Columbia Univ. Plimpton) (2013) 18 The Mone, is..a gladner of weyfarynge men, of vexed [c1475 Cambr. Ll.4.14 vixid] men a releuer.

c1450 in W. C. Hazlitt Remains Early Pop. Poetry Eng. (1864) I. 76 (MED) Releuer to the pore, and socourabill Ben ye, and werry foo to coueytise.

1485 W. Caxton tr. Thystorye & Lyf Charles the Grete sig. miij^v/2 Defendour of crysten men.., Releuer [Fr. subleuateur] of chyrches.

1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Luke in Paraphr. New Test. iv. f. lxii^v A relieuer and succourer of the oppressed.

1586 W. Warner Æneidos in Albions Eng. sig. Oiii If we should prooue so vngratefull as to resist our Releuors.

1633 T. Stafford Pacata Hibernia ii. iii. 137 It grieved him, that the Lord President should suspect him to bee a Releever of Iames fits Thomas.

1672 J. Dryden Conquest Granada i. ii. i. 16 If there appear Relievers from the Field, The Flagg of Parley may be taken down.

1743 H. Fielding Journey from this World to Next i. xxi. 183 The Lenitive which..softens every other Calamity; I mean that great Reliever, Hope.

1776 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations II. v. i. 395 The comforters of their distress, and the relievers of their indigence.

1823 Times 23 Jan. 2/7 Where were your representatives..when this act passed into a law? Where, I say, were those relievers of agricultural distress?

1865 C. Dickens Our Mutual Friend II. iv. vii. 219 Borrowing an hour or so, to be repaid again when he should relieve his reliever.

c1933 D. Thomas Coll. Lett. (1987) 9 Thanks for it [sc. a letter], but don't let it be in the way of a conscience-reliever.

1989 A. Taylor Acquainted with Night iii. 55 A massage..is a great reliever of boredom.

1997 Anthropol. & Educ. Q. 28 165 The rabbi was considered to be not only a wise leader, but..a reliever of physical and mental problems.

2004 Zest Dec. 111/2 I found that upping the amount of exercise I do is a great stress-reliever.

b. Among the Brownists (see Brownism n. 1): a member of an order of officers whose duty it was to administer relief to the poor; a deacon charged with poor relief. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > deacon > [noun]

deaconc900

ministerc1300

Levite1393

diacre1523

gospellera1529

kirkmaster1573

bead-master1579

reliever1582

1582 R. Browne Booke which Sheweth sig. D4^v The Releeuers or Deacons, which are to gather and bestowe the church liberalitie.

1582 R. Browne Booke which Sheweth sig. E The Releeuer is a person hauing office of God to prouide, gather, & bestowe the giftes and liberalitie of the church, as there is neede.

1610 Bp. J. Hall Common Apol. against Brownists §20 Is there no remedie but you must needs haue such Elders, Pastors, Doctors, Releeuers?

1733 I. Maddox Vindic. Govt. Church of Eng. iii. 258 This..Discipline, is a Government in all causes Ecclesiastical, by a Doctor, Pastor, Governing Elders, Deacons, and Relievers, or Widows in every Parish.

1866 Christian Witness 2 522/2 Their order included, in addition to the pastor, the teacher, the elders and deacons, relievers also, or widows, all whose duties were well defined.

1992 J. T. Burtchaell From Synagogue to Church i. 40 The further offices of reliever (or deacon) and widow are for cherishing and relieving affliction.

c. Scottish. Usually in plural. A member of the Relief Church (Relief Church n. at relief n.² Compounds 2b). Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > sect > Christianity > Protestantism > Presbyterianism > Presbyterian sects and groups > [noun] > relief

reliever1779

reliefer1795

Buchanite1846

1779 in J. Ramsay Rev. Late Publ. intitled Relig. Syst. maintained by Synod of Relief 2 A great many people, especially the Relievers,..take the liberty to call your whole pamphlet a collection of falshoods.

1780 D. Walker Morality Public Relig. Vows 142 If Seceders and Relievers are to spend their time publishing hear-says concerning one another, they may perhaps very soon [etc.].

1833 Hansard Commons 6 June 491/1 The clergy of the Established Church would,..be placed in a most humiliating situation, being cut off from that which is allowed to Relievers, and Seceders.

1895 Brit. Weekly 7 Feb. 258/1 In this life of yesterday the seceders and ‘relievers’ were great, though plain.

1897 H. Calderwood in Mem. Jubilee Synod United Presbyterian Church 100 Seceders were soon followed by Relievers, and organised Churches grew up.

1987 C. G. Brown Social Hist. Rel. Scotl. iv. 112 Individual villages and towns acquired their own religious complexions: the Burghers and Relief Church at Inveresk, Antiburghers and Relievers at Blairgowrie,..and so on.

d. Baseball. = relief pitcher n. at relief n.² Compounds 1b.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > baseball > baseball player > [noun] > pitcher

pitcher1845

relief pitcher1884

southpaw1887

side-wheeler1890

moundsman1906

pretzel bender1908

starter1911

sidewinder1913

low-ball pitcher1915

fastballer1924

route-goer1924

reliever1925

hurler1926

fireballer1928

spitballer1928

screwballer1929

stopper1948

closer1980

middleman1985

1925 N.Y. Times 17 Aug. 11 Wizner and Huntzinger, his relievers, were no-hit, no-run performers.

1955 A. Hano Day in Bleachers xi. 128 Grissom himself probably said it about one of his relievers when he was an overpowering pitcher for the Chicago White Sox a few years back.

1967 Boston Herald 8 May 16/2 Fregosi homered in the fifth..off reliever Bob Humphreys.

1976 Washington Post 19 Apr. d1/4 Los Angeles chased reliever Roger Moret in the seventh with a five-run explosion.

2002 New Yorker 25 Nov. 56/1 Chad Zerbe, a thirty-year-old left-handed reliever, who happened to be the pitcher of record for the Giants in the sixth inning of Game Five.

e. Medicine. A short-acting bronchodilator drug administered by inhalation to relieve acute symptoms of asthma; an inhaler which delivers such a drug.

ΚΠ

1988 G. Jariwalla Asthma v. 148 Understand the difference between bronchodilators (relievers) and asthma-suppressing inhalers (preventers).

1997 Globe & Mail (Toronto) (Nexis) 5 Sept. c1 Most patients are on their way to attaining good control of their condition and needing their relievers less than three times a week.

2001 M. Beaver et al. Babies & Young Children v. 342 Relievers are given in blue inhalers; preventers are given in brown/orange inhalers.

2. A device that relieves or eases the strain on something.

a. An iron ring having a long wooden handle at right angles to it, enabling it to be inserted into the barrel of a cannon to gather together the springs of a searcher (searcher n. 10) previously inserted to test the bore, and thereby release it. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > equipment for use with firearms > [noun] > testing or recording apparatus

searcher1706

reliever1777

clinometer1864

crusher1871

screen1879

1777 T. Simes Mil. Course Govt. & Conduct of Battalion i. 57 The tool necessary to prove them [sc. the cannon] are, a priming iron, a searcher with a reliever, and a searcher with one point.

1799 H. Grace Code Mil. Standing Regulations Bengal Establishment I. xix. 226 Searchers with relievers..One pronged [etc.].

1805 C. James New Mil. Dict. (ed. 2) at Cannon If there is any hole, the point of one or other of the springs gets into it, and contracts till the reliever, passing round the handle of the searcher, and pressing the springs together, relieves it.

1822 G. Marshall Pract. Marine Gunnery 54 Draw up the reliever which will expand the searcher.

1986 A. N. Kennard Gunfounding & Gunfounders 18 An instrument called a searcher was also used to discover flaws in the bore... This with the arms compressed by means of a ring called a reliever was introduced into the bore.

†b. A device to ease the working of a lock. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > building and constructing equipment > fastenings > [noun] > lock > part of lock > other parts of lock

pin1678

reliever1801

locking plate1868

clawa1877

bent1881

1801 Trans. Soc. Arts 19 291 The reliever works so very easy, that the door is made fast with one twenty-fourth part of the force required with locks upon the common construction.

†c. A device that lessens the strain on the wire stays of a yacht. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

a1884 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Suppl. 749/2 Reliever, A device for attaching the wire shrouds or stays of yachts to the hull.

†3. slang. A piece of clothing that relieves a temporary need, esp. a garment used or shared by several people. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for body or trunk (and limbs) > [noun] > coat > types of > other

russet coatc1425

syon1511

party coat1559

patch-coat?1608

undercoat1648

turncoat1726

wambais1761

straw coat1783

coatlet1795

Wellington coat1809

redingote1823

shad-belly1842

cutaway1849

reliever1850

blouse1861

shooter1870

square-cut1893

stroller1901

Redfern1909

sherwani1911

teddy bear1925

swagger coat1933

swing-coat1935

Crombie1951

tent coat1961

1850 C. Kingsley Cheap Clothes & Nasty 11 In some sweating places there is an old coat kept called a ‘reliever’, and this is borrowed by such men as have none of their own to go out in.

1850 tr. A. A. Ledru-Rollin Decline Eng. II. v. 155 Very often the workman has to pawn his coat to obtain a little money... In some shops there is an old coat called a reliever [Fr. il y a un vieil habit appelé reliever], which serves the workmen, turn-about, when they have no coat of their own.

1910 R. F. Hoffman Mark Enderby 151 What the con men didn't get the women took off o' him, and first he knows he's out at the stock yards with an old reliever suit onto him that he got in Clark Street.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	reliever
释义	relievern. Brit. /rᵻˈliːvə/, U.S. /rəˈlivər/, /riˈlivər/ Forms: α. See relieve v. and -er suffix¹. β. 1500s releuor. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: relieve v., -er suffix¹. Etymology: < relieve v. + -er suffix¹. Compare Anglo-Norman relevour, Old French releveor, Middle French releveur (c1215 in Anglo-Norman (in relevour des eglises) in uncertain sense, either ‘benefactor, champion (of churches)’ or ‘rebuilder (of churches)’; a1505 in sense ‘benefactor (of the poor)’).With the β. forms compare -or suffix. 1. a. A person who or thing which relieves (in various senses); an easer or alleviator of someone or something.Sometimes with modifying word specifying the thing relieved. Cf. pain reliever n. at pain n.¹ Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > types of help > [noun] > help in trouble, danger, or difficulty > one who reliever?c1425 ?c1425 Wise Bk. Philos. Astron. (Columbia Univ. Plimpton) (2013) 18 The Mone, is..a gladner of weyfarynge men, of vexed [c1475 Cambr. Ll.4.14 vixid] men a releuer. c1450 in W. C. Hazlitt Remains Early Pop. Poetry Eng. (1864) I. 76 (MED) Releuer to the pore, and socourabill Ben ye, and werry foo to coueytise. 1485 W. Caxton tr. Thystorye & Lyf Charles the Grete sig. miij^v/2 Defendour of crysten men.., Releuer [Fr. subleuateur] of chyrches. 1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Luke in Paraphr. New Test. iv. f. lxii^v A relieuer and succourer of the oppressed. 1586 W. Warner Æneidos in Albions Eng. sig. Oiii If we should prooue so vngratefull as to resist our Releuors. 1633 T. Stafford Pacata Hibernia ii. iii. 137 It grieved him, that the Lord President should suspect him to bee a Releever of Iames fits Thomas. 1672 J. Dryden Conquest Granada i. ii. i. 16 If there appear Relievers from the Field, The Flagg of Parley may be taken down. 1743 H. Fielding Journey from this World to Next i. xxi. 183 The Lenitive which..softens every other Calamity; I mean that great Reliever, Hope. 1776 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations II. v. i. 395 The comforters of their distress, and the relievers of their indigence. View more context for this quotation 1823 Times 23 Jan. 2/7 Where were your representatives..when this act passed into a law? Where, I say, were those relievers of agricultural distress? 1865 C. Dickens Our Mutual Friend II. iv. vii. 219 Borrowing an hour or so, to be repaid again when he should relieve his reliever. c1933 D. Thomas Coll. Lett. (1987) 9 Thanks for it [sc. a letter], but don't let it be in the way of a conscience-reliever. 1989 A. Taylor Acquainted with Night iii. 55 A massage..is a great reliever of boredom. 1997 Anthropol. & Educ. Q. 28 165 The rabbi was considered to be not only a wise leader, but..a reliever of physical and mental problems. 2004 Zest Dec. 111/2 I found that upping the amount of exercise I do is a great stress-reliever. b. Among the Brownists (see Brownism n. 1): a member of an order of officers whose duty it was to administer relief to the poor; a deacon charged with poor relief. Now historical. ΘΚΠ society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > deacon > [noun] deaconc900 ministerc1300 Levite1393 diacre1523 gospellera1529 kirkmaster1573 bead-master1579 reliever1582 1582 R. Browne Booke which Sheweth sig. D4^v The Releeuers or Deacons, which are to gather and bestowe the church liberalitie. 1582 R. Browne Booke which Sheweth sig. E The Releeuer is a person hauing office of God to prouide, gather, & bestowe the giftes and liberalitie of the church, as there is neede. 1610 Bp. J. Hall Common Apol. against Brownists §20 Is there no remedie but you must needs haue such Elders, Pastors, Doctors, Releeuers? 1733 I. Maddox Vindic. Govt. Church of Eng. iii. 258 This..Discipline, is a Government in all causes Ecclesiastical, by a Doctor, Pastor, Governing Elders, Deacons, and Relievers, or Widows in every Parish. 1866 Christian Witness 2 522/2 Their order included, in addition to the pastor, the teacher, the elders and deacons, relievers also, or widows, all whose duties were well defined. 1992 J. T. Burtchaell From Synagogue to Church i. 40 The further offices of reliever (or deacon) and widow are for cherishing and relieving affliction. c. Scottish. Usually in plural. A member of the Relief Church (Relief Church n. at relief n.² Compounds 2b). Now historical. ΘΚΠ society > faith > sect > Christianity > Protestantism > Presbyterianism > Presbyterian sects and groups > [noun] > relief reliever1779 reliefer1795 Buchanite1846 1779 in J. Ramsay Rev. Late Publ. intitled Relig. Syst. maintained by Synod of Relief 2 A great many people, especially the Relievers,..take the liberty to call your whole pamphlet a collection of falshoods. 1780 D. Walker Morality Public Relig. Vows 142 If Seceders and Relievers are to spend their time publishing hear-says concerning one another, they may perhaps very soon [etc.]. 1833 Hansard Commons 6 June 491/1 The clergy of the Established Church would,..be placed in a most humiliating situation, being cut off from that which is allowed to Relievers, and Seceders. 1895 Brit. Weekly 7 Feb. 258/1 In this life of yesterday the seceders and ‘relievers’ were great, though plain. 1897 H. Calderwood in Mem. Jubilee Synod United Presbyterian Church 100 Seceders were soon followed by Relievers, and organised Churches grew up. 1987 C. G. Brown Social Hist. Rel. Scotl. iv. 112 Individual villages and towns acquired their own religious complexions: the Burghers and Relief Church at Inveresk, Antiburghers and Relievers at Blairgowrie,..and so on. d. Baseball. = relief pitcher n. at relief n.² Compounds 1b. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > baseball > baseball player > [noun] > pitcher pitcher1845 relief pitcher1884 southpaw1887 side-wheeler1890 moundsman1906 pretzel bender1908 starter1911 sidewinder1913 low-ball pitcher1915 fastballer1924 route-goer1924 reliever1925 hurler1926 fireballer1928 spitballer1928 screwballer1929 stopper1948 closer1980 middleman1985 1925 N.Y. Times 17 Aug. 11 Wizner and Huntzinger, his relievers, were no-hit, no-run performers. 1955 A. Hano Day in Bleachers xi. 128 Grissom himself probably said it about one of his relievers when he was an overpowering pitcher for the Chicago White Sox a few years back. 1967 Boston Herald 8 May 16/2 Fregosi homered in the fifth..off reliever Bob Humphreys. 1976 Washington Post 19 Apr. d1/4 Los Angeles chased reliever Roger Moret in the seventh with a five-run explosion. 2002 New Yorker 25 Nov. 56/1 Chad Zerbe, a thirty-year-old left-handed reliever, who happened to be the pitcher of record for the Giants in the sixth inning of Game Five. e. Medicine. A short-acting bronchodilator drug administered by inhalation to relieve acute symptoms of asthma; an inhaler which delivers such a drug. ΚΠ 1988 G. Jariwalla Asthma v. 148 Understand the difference between bronchodilators (relievers) and asthma-suppressing inhalers (preventers). 1997 Globe & Mail (Toronto) (Nexis) 5 Sept. c1 Most patients are on their way to attaining good control of their condition and needing their relievers less than three times a week. 2001 M. Beaver et al. Babies & Young Children v. 342 Relievers are given in blue inhalers; preventers are given in brown/orange inhalers. 2. A device that relieves or eases the strain on something. a. An iron ring having a long wooden handle at right angles to it, enabling it to be inserted into the barrel of a cannon to gather together the springs of a searcher (searcher n. 10) previously inserted to test the bore, and thereby release it. Now historical. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > equipment for use with firearms > [noun] > testing or recording apparatus searcher1706 reliever1777 clinometer1864 crusher1871 screen1879 1777 T. Simes Mil. Course Govt. & Conduct of Battalion i. 57 The tool necessary to prove them [sc. the cannon] are, a priming iron, a searcher with a reliever, and a searcher with one point. 1799 H. Grace Code Mil. Standing Regulations Bengal Establishment I. xix. 226 Searchers with relievers..One pronged [etc.]. 1805 C. James New Mil. Dict. (ed. 2) at Cannon If there is any hole, the point of one or other of the springs gets into it, and contracts till the reliever, passing round the handle of the searcher, and pressing the springs together, relieves it. 1822 G. Marshall Pract. Marine Gunnery 54 Draw up the reliever which will expand the searcher. 1986 A. N. Kennard Gunfounding & Gunfounders 18 An instrument called a searcher was also used to discover flaws in the bore... This with the arms compressed by means of a ring called a reliever was introduced into the bore. †b. A device to ease the working of a lock. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > building and constructing equipment > fastenings > [noun] > lock > part of lock > other parts of lock pin1678 reliever1801 locking plate1868 clawa1877 bent1881 1801 Trans. Soc. Arts 19 291 The reliever works so very easy, that the door is made fast with one twenty-fourth part of the force required with locks upon the common construction. †c. A device that lessens the strain on the wire stays of a yacht. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ a1884 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Suppl. 749/2 Reliever, A device for attaching the wire shrouds or stays of yachts to the hull. †3. slang. A piece of clothing that relieves a temporary need, esp. a garment used or shared by several people. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for body or trunk (and limbs) > [noun] > coat > types of > other russet coatc1425 syon1511 party coat1559 patch-coat?1608 undercoat1648 turncoat1726 wambais1761 straw coat1783 coatlet1795 Wellington coat1809 redingote1823 shad-belly1842 cutaway1849 reliever1850 blouse1861 shooter1870 square-cut1893 stroller1901 Redfern1909 sherwani1911 teddy bear1925 swagger coat1933 swing-coat1935 Crombie1951 tent coat1961 1850 C. Kingsley Cheap Clothes & Nasty 11 In some sweating places there is an old coat kept called a ‘reliever’, and this is borrowed by such men as have none of their own to go out in. 1850 tr. A. A. Ledru-Rollin Decline Eng. II. v. 155 Very often the workman has to pawn his coat to obtain a little money... In some shops there is an old coat called a reliever [Fr. il y a un vieil habit appelé reliever], which serves the workmen, turn-about, when they have no coat of their own. 1910 R. F. Hoffman Mark Enderby 151 What the con men didn't get the women took off o' him, and first he knows he's out at the stock yards with an old reliever suit onto him that he got in Clark Street. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.?c1425
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