refrainingn.¹

Brit.

/rᵻˈfreɪnɪŋ/, U.S.

/rəˈfreɪnɪŋ/,

/riˈfreɪnɪŋ/

Forms: see refrain v. and -ing suffix¹.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: refrain v., -ing suffix¹.

Etymology: < refrain v. + -ing suffix¹.

The action of refrain v.; (also occasionally) an instance of this.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > [noun]

havingeOE

holdc1230

withholdingc1386

restrainingc1390

refraininga1398

repression?a1425

repressing1431

bridlingc1443

restraint1443

restrainc1449

repressurec1487

restingc1503

abstention1521

controlling1523

controlment1525

distrain1531

staying1563

control1564

refrain1568

retention1578

check1579

restrainment1579

refranation1583

cohibition1586

withholdment1640

curbing1661

coercion1827

chastenment1882

detent1907

clamp-down1940

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 266^v Þe asse..is y-lad hider and þider..by refreynynge of the bernacle.

a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) i. 6222 (MED) Rakil tunges, for lak off refreynyng, To many a man hath be ful gret hyndryng.

a1500 W. Hilton Mixed Life (Royal) in G. G. Perry Eng. Prose Treat. (1921) 22 In fastynge, wakeynge, and in refreynynge of thi flesshly lustis.

1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection ii. sig. Mviii^v They profite moche in the refreynyng or leauyng of vnlawfull pleasures.

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Refrenation, a refraining.

1656 T. Blount Glossographia Continency..a refraining from all things delightful that hinder perfection.

1799 T. Pickering Let. 3 Aug. in Early Amer. Trade with Mauritius (1954) 45 No such disavowal and refraining from aggressions, depredations and hostilities having taken place Congress [etc.].

1857 S. Winkworth Life Tauler in Tauler's Serm. 56 All her works and refrainings will give her no content.

1875 W. D. Whitney Life & Growth Lang. xv. 312 The refraining from pushing conclusions beyond what the evidences warrant.

1939 Amer. Antiq. 4 365 The lack of comparative work is more than compensated for by the refraining..from theorizing and generalizing from incomplete data.

2006 J. Goody Theft of Hist. x. 274 The romantic tradition, the refraining from intimate sexual acts, and the man's subordination to the lady.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† refrainingn.²

Forms: late Middle English refreynynge.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: refrain n.¹, -ing suffix¹.

Etymology: < refrain n.¹ + -ing suffix¹.

Obsolete. rare.

The act of singing a refrain.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > singing > [noun] > singing of refrain

refraininga1425

fol-de-rollinga1847

a1425 (?a1400) G. Chaucer Romaunt Rose (Hunterian) (1891) l. 749 Wel coude she synge..And couthe make in song sich refreynynge [Fr. refrains] It sat hir wondir wel to synge.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

单词	refraining
释义	refrainingn.¹ Brit. /rᵻˈfreɪnɪŋ/, U.S. /rəˈfreɪnɪŋ/, /riˈfreɪnɪŋ/ Forms: see refrain v. and -ing suffix¹. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: refrain v., -ing suffix¹. Etymology: < refrain v. + -ing suffix¹. The action of refrain v.; (also occasionally) an instance of this. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > [noun] havingeOE holdc1230 withholdingc1386 restrainingc1390 refraininga1398 repression?a1425 repressing1431 bridlingc1443 restraint1443 restrainc1449 repressurec1487 restingc1503 abstention1521 controlling1523 controlment1525 distrain1531 staying1563 control1564 refrain1568 retention1578 check1579 restrainment1579 refranation1583 cohibition1586 withholdment1640 curbing1661 coercion1827 chastenment1882 detent1907 clamp-down1940 a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 266^v Þe asse..is y-lad hider and þider..by refreynynge of the bernacle. a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) i. 6222 (MED) Rakil tunges, for lak off refreynyng, To many a man hath be ful gret hyndryng. a1500 W. Hilton Mixed Life (Royal) in G. G. Perry Eng. Prose Treat. (1921) 22 In fastynge, wakeynge, and in refreynynge of thi flesshly lustis. 1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection ii. sig. Mviii^v They profite moche in the refreynyng or leauyng of vnlawfull pleasures. 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Refrenation, a refraining. 1656 T. Blount Glossographia Continency..a refraining from all things delightful that hinder perfection. 1799 T. Pickering Let. 3 Aug. in Early Amer. Trade with Mauritius (1954) 45 No such disavowal and refraining from aggressions, depredations and hostilities having taken place Congress [etc.]. 1857 S. Winkworth Life Tauler in Tauler's Serm. 56 All her works and refrainings will give her no content. 1875 W. D. Whitney Life & Growth Lang. xv. 312 The refraining from pushing conclusions beyond what the evidences warrant. 1939 Amer. Antiq. 4 365 The lack of comparative work is more than compensated for by the refraining..from theorizing and generalizing from incomplete data. 2006 J. Goody Theft of Hist. x. 274 The romantic tradition, the refraining from intimate sexual acts, and the man's subordination to the lady. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † refrainingn.² Forms: late Middle English refreynynge. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: refrain n.¹, -ing suffix¹. Etymology: < refrain n.¹ + -ing suffix¹. Obsolete. rare. The act of singing a refrain. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > singing > [noun] > singing of refrain refraininga1425 fol-de-rollinga1847 a1425 (?a1400) G. Chaucer Romaunt Rose (Hunterian) (1891) l. 749 Wel coude she synge..And couthe make in song sich refreynynge [Fr. refrains] It sat hir wondir wel to synge. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online June 2021). < n.¹a1398n.²a1425
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refrainingn.1

† refrainingn.2

refrainingn.¹

† refrainingn.²