refreshern.

Brit.

/rᵻˈfrɛʃə/, U.S.

/rəˈfrɛʃər/,

/riˈfrɛʃər/

Forms: see refresh v. and -er suffix¹.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: refresh v., -er suffix¹.

Etymology: < refresh v. + -er suffix¹.

a. A person who or thing which refreshes.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > refreshment or invigoration > [noun] > that which or one who refreshes or invigorates

spice?c1225

comfort1377

refresherc1450

refreshment1532

reviver1542

sauce1561

salt1579

refocillation1608

whettera1625

fillip1699

stimulant1728

stimulation1733

yeast1769

stimulus1791

inspiriter1821

stimulatory1821

refreshener1824

boost1825

bracer1826

young blood1830

freshener1838

invigoratorc1842

blow1849

tonic1849

elevation1850

stimulator1851

breather1876

pick-me-up1876

a shot in the arm1922

c1450 J. Lydgate Ballade Our Lady (Sloane) 45 in Minor Poems (1911) i. 256 (MED) Vinarye envermailyd, refrescher of oure food, Lycour aȝens all langour..wrappe us undyr thi weed.

c1450 J. Capgrave Solace of Pilgrims (Bodl. 423) (1911) 148 This seynt praxede was..a rich woman a louer of god a grete refrescher of pore men.

1534 G. Joye tr. Jeremy Prophete Pref. sig. Aiii^v Who so beleue in Cryste, shal neuer desyer any other mean, sauiour, counforter & refressher.

1581 T. Rogers S. Augustines Praiers ix. 45 Come thou hope of the poore, and refresher of them, which be readie to faint.

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Refrigerateur, a refrigerator, refresher, cooler.

1678 T. Otway Friendship in Fashion ii. 16 Tho' Love like Wine be a good refresher, yet 'tis much more dangerous to be too busie withall.

1727 J. Thomson Summer 73 The great Refresher of the Summer-Heats.

1790 G. Davis St. Monday 20 Hail, potent Ale!..Thou kind refresher of dull evening's hours!

1845 W. Sewell Hawkstone (1846) II. 281 Miss Mabel Brook, who had been permitted to come in as a refresher in the evening.

1853 C. Mackay Voices from Mountains & Crowd 147 Water is..The adorner and refresher of the world.

1955 Househ. Guide & Almanac (News of World) 34/2 (advt.) Use Amami Wave Set and Conditioner after a shampoo, overnight for a refresher, for a ‘quickie’ before an evening date.

1992 R. McCall Hearing Loss? Guide to Self-help (ed. 2) 146 A fifteen-second refresher gives you that vital pause which will enable you to speechread for longer stretches at a time than would be possible otherwise.

b. spec. A refreshment; a light snack or (more usually) a drink.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > [noun] > a drink or draught

shenchc950

drinkc1000

draughtc1200

beveragec1390

napa1450

potation1479–81

potionc1484

slaker?1518

glut1541

pocill1572

adipson1601

go-down1614

slash1614

gulf1674

libation1751

meridian1771

sinda1774

sling1788

mahogany1791

a shove in the mouth1821

nooner1836

quencher1841

refresh1851

slackener1861

squencher1871

refreshener1888

refresher1922

maiden's blush1941

maiden's water1975

1822 Cobbett's Weekly Polit. Reg. 30 Mar. 795/1 When the press has taken a refresher, let it burst forth again in new peals of praise.

1861 F. Nightingale Notes on Nursing (new ed.) 53 Taking a piece of bread instead of a cup of tea or coffee as a refresher.

1922 A. Jekyll Kitchen Ess. 17 From food to drink. Here is a pleasant ‘refresher’ specially suitable for the young after lawn tennis or sports on hot days.

1946 Liberty 25 May 24/3 These figures ignore the soda fountains, which also sell many refreshers.

1990 Country Living Aug. 49/1 (advt.) Having said I don't mix too well with pubs in general, there is nothing I enjoy more than a welcome refresher after a hard day in the field, birdwatching.

2. Law.

a. An extra fee paid to counsel when a case lasts longer than originally expected or allowed for.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > payment for labour or service > fee for services rendered > [noun] > fee of professional person > barrister's fee

bait1578

retaining fee1659

refreshing fee1697

retainer1770

refresher1796

refresher fee1818

1796 Attorney & Agent's New Table of Costs (ed. 5) 222 Refresher to Mr. Bearcroft.

1831 F. Reynolds Playwright's Adventures vi. 108 He also knew that barristers..can only be kept alive by refreshers.

1881 Times 19 Feb. 10/3 It is therefore recommended that daily refreshers should be abolished, as being one of the principal causes of the undue lengthening of trials.

1933 H. Allen Anthony Adverse xlix. 740 My retainer is reasonable, my refreshers modest, my reputation unblemished.

1991 Investors Chron. 26 July 68/3 The refreshers or daily fees will never be less than £1,000.

†b. A revised brief. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

1852 T. De Quincey Sketch from Childhood in Hogg's Instructor New Ser. 8 2/1 Every fortnight, or so, I took care that he should receive a ‘refresher’, as lawyers call it—a new and revised brief—memorialising my pretensions.

†3. A reminder. Cf. refreshment n. 5. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > memory > reminder, putting in mind > [noun] > a reminder

monishment1483

rememberera1542

remembrancer1556

memorandum1583

minding1601

remembrance1606

rememorative1613

reminder1614

rememoration1654

monit1692

flapper1726

remembrancing1800

tickler1808

refresher1809

reminding1865

?1799 E. Morris Secret iii. 34 A man's signature is such a refresher to his memory.]

1809 Tickler 17 May 2/2 A gentle refresher of the treatment his illustrious brother had received, soon convinced him that his antagonist..was too strong for him to contend with.

1837 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers xxx. 319 His memory had received a very disagreeable refresher on the subject of Mrs. Bardell's action.

1856 J. W. Croker in Croker Papers 4 Dec. (1884) I. 5 I don't think that this noble ambition had recurred to my memory..up to the receipt of your refresher of yesterday.

4. Originally U.S. A refresher course; a review. Cf. Compounds 1.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > teaching > means of teaching > [noun] > class or course > types of

summer session1594

evening class1762

summer school1793

training course1822

shop class1844

elective1850

optional1855

night class1870

correspondence class1876

Chautauqua1884

correspondence course1902

gut1902

holiday course1906

shop1912

pud1917

training seminar1917

film school1929

day school1931

refresher1939

farm shop1941

survey course1941

weekend course1944

crash programme1947

sandwich course1955

thick sandwich1962

module1966

bird course1975

1939 Atlanta Constit. 18 Apr. 2/4 Both furnish opportunities for persons very much in the public life to return to the scholastic fold for a ‘refresher’ and go forth rearmed with new knowledge.

1953 Catal. Dover Bks. in S. K. Langer Introd. Symbolic Logic (ed. 2) (advt.) Can be used as refresher, as handbook of applications and tables, or as full home-study course.

1976 Ld. Home Way Wind Blows vii. 104 When Mr Heath asked me..to examine the question of devolution,..I needed but a short refresher.

1984 A. Hailey Strong Medicine i. viii. 69 Others already employed were brought to headquarters in small groups for a ten-day refresher.

2007 Tri-City Herald (Washington) (Nexis) 13 July b3 The class is designed as a refresher and doesn't involve driving or tests.

Compounds

C1. General attributive, designating training or instruction provided as a review of material previously studied or to instruct a person in new developments, techniques, etc., in his or her field; esp. in refresher course.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > teaching > [adjective] > reteaching

refresher1907

1907 Interim Rep. War Office Comm. Provision of Officers 10 Given a short term of liability, and short periods of recall to the Colours for ‘refresher’ training, many officers..would remain therein.

1907 Jrnl. Royal United Service Inst. May 546 It is important that they should..have the benefit of a thorough grounding as well as of ‘refresher’ courses under professional instructors.

1914 G. Hamel & C. C. Turner Flying x. 209 Others..go direct into the Royal Flying Corps Reserve..where they are available for periodical ‘refresher’ courses and for employment in the event of war.

1945 Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 12 May 141/1 A clinical refresher training program for..medical officers.

1972 Accountant 17 Aug. (Suppl.) 14/3 (advt.) Terms of appointment include generous refresher leave periods.

1995 J. Miller & M. Stacey Driving Instructor's Handbk. (ed. 8) v. 157 Candidates who are allocated a gold or silver grade are expected to take a refresher test within three years.

2001 NurseWeek 12 Mar. 15/2 They usually require special refresher education and clinical precepting to return to the bedside.

C2.

refresher fee n. = sense 2a.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > payment for labour or service > fee for services rendered > [noun] > fee of professional person > barrister's fee

bait1578

retaining fee1659

refreshing fee1697

retainer1770

refresher1796

refresher fee1818

1818 Attorney & Agent's New Table of Costs (ed. 8) 286 Refresher Fee to the Second Counsel, and Clerk.

1892 Pall Mall Gaz. 28 Oct. 7/1 A master in chambers, who had disallowed the ‘refresher’ fees of his learned leader.

1996 P. W. Tague Effective Advocacy for Criminal Defendant iii. 84 For preparation and the first day of the trial, the barrister receives a ‘basic’ (or ‘brief’) fee. For each successive day in trial, he is paid a ‘refresher fee’.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	refresher
释义	refreshern. Brit. /rᵻˈfrɛʃə/, U.S. /rəˈfrɛʃər/, /riˈfrɛʃər/ Forms: see refresh v. and -er suffix¹. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: refresh v., -er suffix¹. Etymology: < refresh v. + -er suffix¹. 1. a. A person who or thing which refreshes. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > refreshment or invigoration > [noun] > that which or one who refreshes or invigorates spice?c1225 comfort1377 refresherc1450 refreshment1532 reviver1542 sauce1561 salt1579 refocillation1608 whettera1625 fillip1699 stimulant1728 stimulation1733 yeast1769 stimulus1791 inspiriter1821 stimulatory1821 refreshener1824 boost1825 bracer1826 young blood1830 freshener1838 invigoratorc1842 blow1849 tonic1849 elevation1850 stimulator1851 breather1876 pick-me-up1876 a shot in the arm1922 c1450 J. Lydgate Ballade Our Lady (Sloane) 45 in Minor Poems (1911) i. 256 (MED) Vinarye envermailyd, refrescher of oure food, Lycour aȝens all langour..wrappe us undyr thi weed. c1450 J. Capgrave Solace of Pilgrims (Bodl. 423) (1911) 148 This seynt praxede was..a rich woman a louer of god a grete refrescher of pore men. 1534 G. Joye tr. Jeremy Prophete Pref. sig. Aiii^v Who so beleue in Cryste, shal neuer desyer any other mean, sauiour, counforter & refressher. 1581 T. Rogers S. Augustines Praiers ix. 45 Come thou hope of the poore, and refresher of them, which be readie to faint. 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Refrigerateur, a refrigerator, refresher, cooler. 1678 T. Otway Friendship in Fashion ii. 16 Tho' Love like Wine be a good refresher, yet 'tis much more dangerous to be too busie withall. 1727 J. Thomson Summer 73 The great Refresher of the Summer-Heats. 1790 G. Davis St. Monday 20 Hail, potent Ale!..Thou kind refresher of dull evening's hours! 1845 W. Sewell Hawkstone (1846) II. 281 Miss Mabel Brook, who had been permitted to come in as a refresher in the evening. 1853 C. Mackay Voices from Mountains & Crowd 147 Water is..The adorner and refresher of the world. 1955 Househ. Guide & Almanac (News of World) 34/2 (advt.) Use Amami Wave Set and Conditioner after a shampoo, overnight for a refresher, for a ‘quickie’ before an evening date. 1992 R. McCall Hearing Loss? Guide to Self-help (ed. 2) 146 A fifteen-second refresher gives you that vital pause which will enable you to speechread for longer stretches at a time than would be possible otherwise. b. spec. A refreshment; a light snack or (more usually) a drink. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > [noun] > a drink or draught shenchc950 drinkc1000 draughtc1200 beveragec1390 napa1450 potation1479–81 potionc1484 slaker?1518 glut1541 pocill1572 adipson1601 go-down1614 slash1614 gulf1674 libation1751 meridian1771 sinda1774 sling1788 mahogany1791 a shove in the mouth1821 nooner1836 quencher1841 refresh1851 slackener1861 squencher1871 refreshener1888 refresher1922 maiden's blush1941 maiden's water1975 1822 Cobbett's Weekly Polit. Reg. 30 Mar. 795/1 When the press has taken a refresher, let it burst forth again in new peals of praise. 1861 F. Nightingale Notes on Nursing (new ed.) 53 Taking a piece of bread instead of a cup of tea or coffee as a refresher. 1922 A. Jekyll Kitchen Ess. 17 From food to drink. Here is a pleasant ‘refresher’ specially suitable for the young after lawn tennis or sports on hot days. 1946 Liberty 25 May 24/3 These figures ignore the soda fountains, which also sell many refreshers. 1990 Country Living Aug. 49/1 (advt.) Having said I don't mix too well with pubs in general, there is nothing I enjoy more than a welcome refresher after a hard day in the field, birdwatching. 2. Law. a. An extra fee paid to counsel when a case lasts longer than originally expected or allowed for. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > payment for labour or service > fee for services rendered > [noun] > fee of professional person > barrister's fee bait1578 retaining fee1659 refreshing fee1697 retainer1770 refresher1796 refresher fee1818 1796 Attorney & Agent's New Table of Costs (ed. 5) 222 Refresher to Mr. Bearcroft. 1831 F. Reynolds Playwright's Adventures vi. 108 He also knew that barristers..can only be kept alive by refreshers. 1881 Times 19 Feb. 10/3 It is therefore recommended that daily refreshers should be abolished, as being one of the principal causes of the undue lengthening of trials. 1933 H. Allen Anthony Adverse xlix. 740 My retainer is reasonable, my refreshers modest, my reputation unblemished. 1991 Investors Chron. 26 July 68/3 The refreshers or daily fees will never be less than £1,000. †b. A revised brief. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1852 T. De Quincey Sketch from Childhood in Hogg's Instructor New Ser. 8 2/1 Every fortnight, or so, I took care that he should receive a ‘refresher’, as lawyers call it—a new and revised brief—memorialising my pretensions. †3. A reminder. Cf. refreshment n. 5. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > memory > reminder, putting in mind > [noun] > a reminder monishment1483 rememberera1542 remembrancer1556 memorandum1583 minding1601 remembrance1606 rememorative1613 reminder1614 rememoration1654 monit1692 flapper1726 remembrancing1800 tickler1808 refresher1809 reminding1865 ?1799 E. Morris Secret iii. 34 A man's signature is such a refresher to his memory.] 1809 Tickler 17 May 2/2 A gentle refresher of the treatment his illustrious brother had received, soon convinced him that his antagonist..was too strong for him to contend with. 1837 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers xxx. 319 His memory had received a very disagreeable refresher on the subject of Mrs. Bardell's action. 1856 J. W. Croker in Croker Papers 4 Dec. (1884) I. 5 I don't think that this noble ambition had recurred to my memory..up to the receipt of your refresher of yesterday. 4. Originally U.S. A refresher course; a review. Cf. Compounds 1. ΘΚΠ society > education > teaching > means of teaching > [noun] > class or course > types of summer session1594 evening class1762 summer school1793 training course1822 shop class1844 elective1850 optional1855 night class1870 correspondence class1876 Chautauqua1884 correspondence course1902 gut1902 holiday course1906 shop1912 pud1917 training seminar1917 film school1929 day school1931 refresher1939 farm shop1941 survey course1941 weekend course1944 crash programme1947 sandwich course1955 thick sandwich1962 module1966 bird course1975 1939 Atlanta Constit. 18 Apr. 2/4 Both furnish opportunities for persons very much in the public life to return to the scholastic fold for a ‘refresher’ and go forth rearmed with new knowledge. 1953 Catal. Dover Bks. in S. K. Langer Introd. Symbolic Logic (ed. 2) (advt.) Can be used as refresher, as handbook of applications and tables, or as full home-study course. 1976 Ld. Home Way Wind Blows vii. 104 When Mr Heath asked me..to examine the question of devolution,..I needed but a short refresher. 1984 A. Hailey Strong Medicine i. viii. 69 Others already employed were brought to headquarters in small groups for a ten-day refresher. 2007 Tri-City Herald (Washington) (Nexis) 13 July b3 The class is designed as a refresher and doesn't involve driving or tests. Compounds C1. General attributive, designating training or instruction provided as a review of material previously studied or to instruct a person in new developments, techniques, etc., in his or her field; esp. in refresher course. ΘΚΠ society > education > teaching > [adjective] > reteaching refresher1907 1907 Interim Rep. War Office Comm. Provision of Officers 10 Given a short term of liability, and short periods of recall to the Colours for ‘refresher’ training, many officers..would remain therein. 1907 Jrnl. Royal United Service Inst. May 546 It is important that they should..have the benefit of a thorough grounding as well as of ‘refresher’ courses under professional instructors. 1914 G. Hamel & C. C. Turner Flying x. 209 Others..go direct into the Royal Flying Corps Reserve..where they are available for periodical ‘refresher’ courses and for employment in the event of war. 1945 Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 12 May 141/1 A clinical refresher training program for..medical officers. 1972 Accountant 17 Aug. (Suppl.) 14/3 (advt.) Terms of appointment include generous refresher leave periods. 1995 J. Miller & M. Stacey Driving Instructor's Handbk. (ed. 8) v. 157 Candidates who are allocated a gold or silver grade are expected to take a refresher test within three years. 2001 NurseWeek 12 Mar. 15/2 They usually require special refresher education and clinical precepting to return to the bedside. C2. refresher fee n. = sense 2a. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > payment for labour or service > fee for services rendered > [noun] > fee of professional person > barrister's fee bait1578 retaining fee1659 refreshing fee1697 retainer1770 refresher1796 refresher fee1818 1818 Attorney & Agent's New Table of Costs (ed. 8) 286 Refresher Fee to the Second Counsel, and Clerk. 1892 Pall Mall Gaz. 28 Oct. 7/1 A master in chambers, who had disallowed the ‘refresher’ fees of his learned leader. 1996 P. W. Tague Effective Advocacy for Criminal Defendant iii. 84 For preparation and the first day of the trial, the barrister receives a ‘basic’ (or ‘brief’) fee. For each successive day in trial, he is paid a ‘refresher fee’. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c1450
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