regardantadj.n.

Brit.

/rᵻˈɡɑːdnt/, U.S.

/rəˈɡɑrd(ə)nt/,

/riˈɡɑrd(ə)nt/

Forms: late Middle English regardande, late Middle English– regardant, 1500s regardaunt, 1500s regardaunte, 1500s (1700s–1800s rare) regardand, 1600s 1800s– reguardant.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: French regardant ; regard v., -ant suffix¹.

Etymology: As adjective originally < Anglo-Norman and Middle French regardant (French regardant ) belonging (to), (in law) attached to, resident in (both first half of the 14th cent. or earlier in Anglo-Norman), operative, efficient (first half of the 14th cent. or earlier in Anglo-Norman), (in law) tailed to (a1377 or earlier in Anglo-Norman), facing, looking (towards) (early 15th cent.; use as adjective of present participle of regarder regard v.). In later use partly also < regard v. + -ant suffix¹. In use as noun after Anglo-Norman and Middle French regardant spectator (end of the 12th cent. in Old French), forest officer (a1408; use as noun of past participle of regarder).Senses A. 2 and A. 4 are apparently not paralleled in French until later (in sense A. 2, 16th cent. in English grants written in French, otherwise 1690; 1611 in sense A. 4). Sense A. 3 is apparently not paralleled in French.

A. adj.

a. Law. Attached to a manor. Chiefly in villein regardant. Also with †to. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > service > feudal service > serfdom > [adjective] > attached to land or manor

regardant1443

adscriptitious1769

adscript?1794

adscripted1878

society > authority > subjection > service > feudal service > serfdom > [noun] > serf > types of

villein regardant1443

helot1579

regardant1646

scallagc1700

borderer1771

bordar1776

mainmortable1779

native (or villein) of stock1828

Penest1835

adscript1837

1443–50 in W. P. Baildon Sel. Cases Chancery (1896) 135 (MED) He and his auncestres..haue been seised of the said John Bysship and of his auncestres as villeyns regardantz to the said Maner fro the tyme that no mynde is.

?1530 St. German's Dyaloge Doctoure & Student xx. f. xliii But he hathe nother ryght to the aduowsons appendaunt if any be, nor to the vylleyns regardant.

1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Churle or villayne regardant, colonarius.

1576 Doc. 28 Nov. in C. M. Hoare Hist. E. Anglian Soke (1918) iv. 299 William Powle,..bondman of the blood regardaunte to the mannor of Gymynghm.

1601 W. Fulbecke Parallele or Conf. Law i. 18 A manor is an inheritance of auncient continuance consisting of demesnes & seruices, perquisites, casualties, things appendant and regardant, customes, liberties, &c.

1610 W. Folkingham Feudigraphia iv. ii. 82 Villaines & Neifes, which are alwayes saide to be Regardant to a Manour.

1628 E. Coke 1st Pt. Inst. Lawes Eng. ii. ii. §189. 123 b And there is no diuersitie herein whether he be a villeine regardant, or in grosse although some haue said the contrarie.

1688 P. Pett Happy Future State of Eng. 97 They were Villains regardant to their Mannors.

1719 M. Shelton Hist. & Crit. Ess. Rise Nobility (ed. 2) vii. 616 Of these Bondmen or Villains, there were two Sorts in England, one term'd a Villain in gross,..the other a Villain regardant to a Manor.

1766 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. II. vi. 93 These villeins, belonging principally to lords of manors, were either villeins regardant, that is, annexed to the manor or land; or else they were in gross.

1795 V. Knox Spirit of Despotism xii. 89 Slaves..were attached to the soil, and were conveyed or descended with the estate, under the name villains regardant.

1818 H. Hallam View Europe Middle Ages II. viii. 392 The statute de donis must have operated very injuriously to prevent the enfranchisement of villeins regardant.

1861 Times 19 Feb. 6/5 The serf was reduced to a legal condition uniting the disabilities of a ‘villein regardant’ and a ‘villein in gross’.

1892 P. G. Vinogradoff Villainage in Eng. i. i. 48 Most modern writers on the subject have laid stress upon a difference between villains regardant and villains in gross, said to be found in law books.

1920 Jrnl. Negro Hist. July 275 There was not a real difference in status between the so-called villein regardant and the villein in gross.

1979 Philos. & Public Affairs 8 107 The villein regardant, whose serfdom arises through his feudal tenure of the land.

†b. In extended use: bound or subject to something. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > [adjective]

underheilda1300

underlouta1300

underling?1370

subjecta1382

obeisantc1390

obedienta1398

subditc1430

subordinatec1485

subjugal?c1500

liablec1571

subaltern1581

regardant1583

obnoxious1591

vassal1594

servient1606

subservient1638

succumbent1647

ancillary1667

secondary1667

supposite1677

discretional1776

obedientiary1794

heteronomousa1871

satellite1882

1583 B. Melbancke Philotimus (new ed.) Introd. 4–5 The young cat cries mew as well as the old one, and youthfull Aristippus will be regardant to Phylosophy, as well as old Plato is a professor of Wisdom.

1651 N. Bacon Contin. Hist. Disc. Govt. 284 Whereas formerly Bishops were regardant both to the Crown and Presbytery..now they are made the birth of the Kings own breath.

a. Heraldry. Of an animal: looking backwards over the shoulder. Also: (in early use) = guardant adj. 2. Chiefly used postpositively.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > indication > insignia > heraldic devices collective > heraldic representations of creatures > [adjective] > specific aspects of heraldic beasts

regardantc1460

addorsed1572

guardant1572

inverted1610

despectant1688

recursant1688

respectant1688

suspectant1688

adossé1710

affrontee1718

affrontee1724

tourné1725

spectant1825

three-quarteredc1828

c1460 Bk. Arms in Ancestor (1904) Apr. 172 (MED) Sylvyr iij roys of gowlys regardande.

c1500 Sc. Poem Heraldry (Harl. 6149) 130 in F. J. Furnivall Queene Elizabethes Achademy (1869) i. 98 Ffirst, a lionne [statant]; on-vthir, lyone rampand;..the viij dormand; the ix regardand is.

1562 G. Legh Accedens of Armory 83 He beareth Azure .ij. Lyons passaunt regardant, Or.

1562 G. Legh Accedens of Armory 83 b Some haue thought, that these Lyons be regardaunt, whereof by proofe, you see the contrarye.

1610 J. Guillim Display of Heraldrie iii. xxvii. 184 Hee beareth Or, a Lion Rampand, Regardant, Sable... This action doth manifest an inward and degenerate perturbation of the mind.

1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. vii. §10 A Lion rampant regardant, the tail reverberant or beaten back, or reboundant, as having beaten it to his back, and it hath rebounded again from thence.

1696 London Gaz. No. 3229/4 Crest a Demy-Lion Regardant.

1725 J. Coats New Dict. Heraldry (rev. ed.) Tourné is used by French Heralds for what we call Regardant, that is, looking back, or behind.

1773 R. Graves Spiritual Quixote xi. 311 I suppose they are of the same family, and bear the same arms—a Grey-goose, cankant, regardant.

1864 C. Boutell Heraldry Hist. & Pop. (ed. 3) xxxii. 474 Two griffins reguardant sa., crowned or.

1944 C. Drepperd Amer. Antiques Gloss. 229/1 Same position animal erect on one paw, head turned to the right, is Regardant.

1958 R. Liddell Morea ii. viii. 179 They were regardant lions; their heads..are now gone, but they faced those who entered the citadel.

1988 T. Woodcock & J. M. Robinson Oxf. Guide Heraldry 205 Regardant, applied to any beast, bird, or monster looking back over its shoulder.

b. In extended use.

ΚΠ

c1503 R. Arnold Chron. f. lxxxxi^v/1 Frumenty and venyson, Syngnet rosted, Graunt luce in sarris, Roo roested regardaunt, Feusaunt roosted [etc.].

1594 T. Kyd tr. R. Garnier Cornelia v. sig. K2^v When they haue vomited theyr long-growne rage, And proou'd each others force sufficient, Passant regardant softly they retyre.

1616 B. Jonson Cynthias Revels (rev. ed.) iii. v, in Wks. I. 215 Put case shee should be passant when you enter,..call vpon her, Ladie, Nymph... If reguardant, then maintaine your station.

1664 H. King Poems, Elegies, Paradoxes & Sonets 62 If that the passant Lord Let fall a forc't salute, or but afford The Nod Regardant.

1884 Cent. Mag. Dec. 178/1 His wyverns, gryphons, unicorns, cockatrices..couch or rise, turn the head regardant or extend the paw,..at Merlin's beck.

1922 J. Joyce Ulysses i. iii. [Proteus] 50 He turned his face over a shoulder, rere regardant.

1989 J. B. Sanford Walk in Fire xxxiv. 87 It was odd..that the Airedales were caught regardant, as if they too could not make up their minds.

†c. Perhaps: looking towards each other. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

1856 J. C. Robinson Catal. Soulages Coll. 133 An unfinished relievo of two regardant portraits of a lady and gentleman exists at the back of the slab.

†3. Full of regard or consideration. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > [adjective]

regardant1581

regardful1582

conceited1589

considerate1592

appreciative1593

opinionated1630

appreciating1662

appreciatory1819

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > care, protection, or charge > [adjective]

carefula1000

shepherdly1546

chary1579

regardant1581

protectingc1595

protective1653

caring1966

1581 A. Munday Courtly Controuersie sig. Dii Then Ergo Looue was heere more regardant then Learning when Consuls & Censores left all for lust & Looue of Flora.

1599 R. Linche Fountaine Anc. Fiction sig. N He should become instantly most dutifull obedidient and regardant vnto his parents.

1647 N. Bacon Hist. Disc. Govt. II. 168 Towards his Lay-subjects he was more regardant for the setling of Laws, and executing of justice.

4. Observant, watchful, attentive; contemplative.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > attention > notice, observation > [adjective] > observing, observant

perceivantc1390

markingc1580

regardfula1586

regardant1588

curiousa1592

observant1599

observing1607

observative1609

animadversive1642

smoky1688

notice-taking1816

noteful1838

1588 T. Kyd tr. T. Tasso Housholders Philos. f. 3 I might shew my selfe mindful and regardant.

1631 B. Jonson New Inne iv. iv. 299 You might ha'knowne that by my lookes, and language, Had you beene or regardant, or obseruant.

1814 R. Southey Roderick xi. 137 The heroic Prince (who passing now..the dangerous track, Turns thither his regardant eye).

1834 R. Southey Doctor I. 3 The look which accompanied the words was rather cogitative than regardant.

a1861 A. H. Clough Amours de Voyage in Poems (1862) 308 Stand with your upstretched arms and tranquil regardant faces.

1895 S. Crane Red Badge of Courage viii. 84 He stood regardant for a moment. His eyes had an awestruck expression.

1931 V. Woolf Waves 268 So he turned with a passion that made up for his indolence upon Catullus, Horace, Lucretius, lying lazily dormant, yes, but regardant, noticing, with rapture, cricketers.

1975 S. Bellow Humboldt's Gift 190 And now others, casually regardant, passed the place in automobiles.

†B. n.

1. A beholder; a spectator. Obsolete. rare.Chiefly in translations by Anthony Munday.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > one who sees > [noun] > beholder or spectator

showerOE

beholderc1374

lookera1382

espiouressc1430

considererc1449

overseerc1450

regarder1525

surveyor1558

viewer1565

spectatora1586

regardant1590

aspector1603

supervisor1610

eyer1611

spectatrix1611

spectatress1632

speculator1647

contemplator1658

attender1665

espier1860

1590 A. Munday tr. N. de Herberay First Bk. Amadis of Gaule xiv. f. 70^v Their Sheelds cut in pieces, and their bloud coullering the ground, which mooued exceeding compassion in the regardants [Fr. regardants], who seemed copartners in their daunger.

1596 Z. Jones tr. J. de Lavardin Hist. Scanderbeg 8 An incredible kind of care intermingled with griefe did assaile the hearts of the regardants.

1596 A. Munday tr. 1st Pt. Palmerin of Eng. xii. sig. E3^v The Regardaunts, seeing the equallitie of their strength, could not iudge to whome victory was lykeliest.

2. A villein regardant, a serf. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > service > feudal service > serfdom > [noun] > serf > types of

villein regardant1443

helot1579

regardant1646

scallagc1700

borderer1771

bordar1776

mainmortable1779

native (or villein) of stock1828

Penest1835

adscript1837

1646 W. Hughes tr. A. Horne Mirrour Justices ii. xxviii. 110 As other Creatures are kept in inclosures, so are villains kept to guard the Possessions of their Lords, and from thence are said Regardants. [Fr. Et sicome autres Creatures enservies sont gardables, aussi soint serfs a garder de lour possessions, & de ceo sont [d]it.]

1795 E. Burke Lett. Peace Regic. France iv, in Wks. (1818) IX. 72 The Helots of Laconia, the Regardants to the Manor in Russia and in Poland, even the Negroes in the West Indies, know nothing of..so penetrating, so heart-breaking a slavery.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	regardant
释义	regardantadj.n. Brit. /rᵻˈɡɑːdnt/, U.S. /rəˈɡɑrd(ə)nt/, /riˈɡɑrd(ə)nt/ Forms: late Middle English regardande, late Middle English– regardant, 1500s regardaunt, 1500s regardaunte, 1500s (1700s–1800s rare) regardand, 1600s 1800s– reguardant. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: French regardant ; regard v., -ant suffix¹. Etymology: As adjective originally < Anglo-Norman and Middle French regardant (French regardant ) belonging (to), (in law) attached to, resident in (both first half of the 14th cent. or earlier in Anglo-Norman), operative, efficient (first half of the 14th cent. or earlier in Anglo-Norman), (in law) tailed to (a1377 or earlier in Anglo-Norman), facing, looking (towards) (early 15th cent.; use as adjective of present participle of regarder regard v.). In later use partly also < regard v. + -ant suffix¹. In use as noun after Anglo-Norman and Middle French regardant spectator (end of the 12th cent. in Old French), forest officer (a1408; use as noun of past participle of regarder).Senses A. 2 and A. 4 are apparently not paralleled in French until later (in sense A. 2, 16th cent. in English grants written in French, otherwise 1690; 1611 in sense A. 4). Sense A. 3 is apparently not paralleled in French. A. adj. 1. a. Law. Attached to a manor. Chiefly in villein regardant. Also with †to. Now historical. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > service > feudal service > serfdom > [adjective] > attached to land or manor regardant1443 adscriptitious1769 adscript?1794 adscripted1878 society > authority > subjection > service > feudal service > serfdom > [noun] > serf > types of villein regardant1443 helot1579 regardant1646 scallagc1700 borderer1771 bordar1776 mainmortable1779 native (or villein) of stock1828 Penest1835 adscript1837 1443–50 in W. P. Baildon Sel. Cases Chancery (1896) 135 (MED) He and his auncestres..haue been seised of the said John Bysship and of his auncestres as villeyns regardantz to the said Maner fro the tyme that no mynde is. ?1530 St. German's Dyaloge Doctoure & Student xx. f. xliii But he hathe nother ryght to the aduowsons appendaunt if any be, nor to the vylleyns regardant. 1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Churle or villayne regardant, colonarius. 1576 Doc. 28 Nov. in C. M. Hoare Hist. E. Anglian Soke (1918) iv. 299 William Powle,..bondman of the blood regardaunte to the mannor of Gymynghm. 1601 W. Fulbecke Parallele or Conf. Law i. 18 A manor is an inheritance of auncient continuance consisting of demesnes & seruices, perquisites, casualties, things appendant and regardant, customes, liberties, &c. 1610 W. Folkingham Feudigraphia iv. ii. 82 Villaines & Neifes, which are alwayes saide to be Regardant to a Manour. 1628 E. Coke 1st Pt. Inst. Lawes Eng. ii. ii. §189. 123 b And there is no diuersitie herein whether he be a villeine regardant, or in grosse although some haue said the contrarie. 1688 P. Pett Happy Future State of Eng. 97 They were Villains regardant to their Mannors. 1719 M. Shelton Hist. & Crit. Ess. Rise Nobility (ed. 2) vii. 616 Of these Bondmen or Villains, there were two Sorts in England, one term'd a Villain in gross,..the other a Villain regardant to a Manor. 1766 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. II. vi. 93 These villeins, belonging principally to lords of manors, were either villeins regardant, that is, annexed to the manor or land; or else they were in gross. 1795 V. Knox Spirit of Despotism xii. 89 Slaves..were attached to the soil, and were conveyed or descended with the estate, under the name villains regardant. 1818 H. Hallam View Europe Middle Ages II. viii. 392 The statute de donis must have operated very injuriously to prevent the enfranchisement of villeins regardant. 1861 Times 19 Feb. 6/5 The serf was reduced to a legal condition uniting the disabilities of a ‘villein regardant’ and a ‘villein in gross’. 1892 P. G. Vinogradoff Villainage in Eng. i. i. 48 Most modern writers on the subject have laid stress upon a difference between villains regardant and villains in gross, said to be found in law books. 1920 Jrnl. Negro Hist. July 275 There was not a real difference in status between the so-called villein regardant and the villein in gross. 1979 Philos. & Public Affairs 8 107 The villein regardant, whose serfdom arises through his feudal tenure of the land. †b. In extended use: bound or subject to something. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > [adjective] underheilda1300 underlouta1300 underling?1370 subjecta1382 obeisantc1390 obedienta1398 subditc1430 subordinatec1485 subjugal?c1500 liablec1571 subaltern1581 regardant1583 obnoxious1591 vassal1594 servient1606 subservient1638 succumbent1647 ancillary1667 secondary1667 supposite1677 discretional1776 obedientiary1794 heteronomousa1871 satellite1882 1583 B. Melbancke Philotimus (new ed.) Introd. 4–5 The young cat cries mew as well as the old one, and youthfull Aristippus will be regardant to Phylosophy, as well as old Plato is a professor of Wisdom. 1651 N. Bacon Contin. Hist. Disc. Govt. 284 Whereas formerly Bishops were regardant both to the Crown and Presbytery..now they are made the birth of the Kings own breath. 2. a. Heraldry. Of an animal: looking backwards over the shoulder. Also: (in early use) = guardant adj. 2. Chiefly used postpositively. ΘΚΠ society > communication > indication > insignia > heraldic devices collective > heraldic representations of creatures > [adjective] > specific aspects of heraldic beasts regardantc1460 addorsed1572 guardant1572 inverted1610 despectant1688 recursant1688 respectant1688 suspectant1688 adossé1710 affrontee1718 affrontee1724 tourné1725 spectant1825 three-quarteredc1828 c1460 Bk. Arms in Ancestor (1904) Apr. 172 (MED) Sylvyr iij roys of gowlys regardande. c1500 Sc. Poem Heraldry (Harl. 6149) 130 in F. J. Furnivall Queene Elizabethes Achademy (1869) i. 98 Ffirst, a lionne [statant]; on-vthir, lyone rampand;..the viij dormand; the ix regardand is. 1562 G. Legh Accedens of Armory 83 He beareth Azure .ij. Lyons passaunt regardant, Or. 1562 G. Legh Accedens of Armory 83 b Some haue thought, that these Lyons be regardaunt, whereof by proofe, you see the contrarye. 1610 J. Guillim Display of Heraldrie iii. xxvii. 184 Hee beareth Or, a Lion Rampand, Regardant, Sable... This action doth manifest an inward and degenerate perturbation of the mind. 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. vii. §10 A Lion rampant regardant, the tail reverberant or beaten back, or reboundant, as having beaten it to his back, and it hath rebounded again from thence. 1696 London Gaz. No. 3229/4 Crest a Demy-Lion Regardant. 1725 J. Coats New Dict. Heraldry (rev. ed.) Tourné is used by French Heralds for what we call Regardant, that is, looking back, or behind. 1773 R. Graves Spiritual Quixote xi. 311 I suppose they are of the same family, and bear the same arms—a Grey-goose, cankant, regardant. 1864 C. Boutell Heraldry Hist. & Pop. (ed. 3) xxxii. 474 Two griffins reguardant sa., crowned or. 1944 C. Drepperd Amer. Antiques Gloss. 229/1 Same position animal erect on one paw, head turned to the right, is Regardant. 1958 R. Liddell Morea ii. viii. 179 They were regardant lions; their heads..are now gone, but they faced those who entered the citadel. 1988 T. Woodcock & J. M. Robinson Oxf. Guide Heraldry 205 Regardant, applied to any beast, bird, or monster looking back over its shoulder. b. In extended use. ΚΠ c1503 R. Arnold Chron. f. lxxxxi^v/1 Frumenty and venyson, Syngnet rosted, Graunt luce in sarris, Roo roested regardaunt, Feusaunt roosted [etc.]. 1594 T. Kyd tr. R. Garnier Cornelia v. sig. K2^v When they haue vomited theyr long-growne rage, And proou'd each others force sufficient, Passant regardant softly they retyre. 1616 B. Jonson Cynthias Revels (rev. ed.) iii. v, in Wks. I. 215 Put case shee should be passant when you enter,..call vpon her, Ladie, Nymph... If reguardant, then maintaine your station. 1664 H. King Poems, Elegies, Paradoxes & Sonets 62 If that the passant Lord Let fall a forc't salute, or but afford The Nod Regardant. 1884 Cent. Mag. Dec. 178/1 His wyverns, gryphons, unicorns, cockatrices..couch or rise, turn the head regardant or extend the paw,..at Merlin's beck. 1922 J. Joyce Ulysses i. iii. [Proteus] 50 He turned his face over a shoulder, rere regardant. 1989 J. B. Sanford Walk in Fire xxxiv. 87 It was odd..that the Airedales were caught regardant, as if they too could not make up their minds. †c. Perhaps: looking towards each other. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1856 J. C. Robinson Catal. Soulages Coll. 133 An unfinished relievo of two regardant portraits of a lady and gentleman exists at the back of the slab. †3. Full of regard or consideration. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > [adjective] regardant1581 regardful1582 conceited1589 considerate1592 appreciative1593 opinionated1630 appreciating1662 appreciatory1819 the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > care, protection, or charge > [adjective] carefula1000 shepherdly1546 chary1579 regardant1581 protectingc1595 protective1653 caring1966 1581 A. Munday Courtly Controuersie sig. Dii Then Ergo Looue was heere more regardant then Learning when Consuls & Censores left all for lust & Looue of Flora. 1599 R. Linche Fountaine Anc. Fiction sig. N He should become instantly most dutifull obedidient and regardant vnto his parents. 1647 N. Bacon Hist. Disc. Govt. II. 168 Towards his Lay-subjects he was more regardant for the setling of Laws, and executing of justice. 4. Observant, watchful, attentive; contemplative. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > attention > notice, observation > [adjective] > observing, observant perceivantc1390 markingc1580 regardfula1586 regardant1588 curiousa1592 observant1599 observing1607 observative1609 animadversive1642 smoky1688 notice-taking1816 noteful1838 1588 T. Kyd tr. T. Tasso Housholders Philos. f. 3 I might shew my selfe mindful and regardant. 1631 B. Jonson New Inne iv. iv. 299 You might ha'knowne that by my lookes, and language, Had you beene or regardant, or obseruant. 1814 R. Southey Roderick xi. 137 The heroic Prince (who passing now..the dangerous track, Turns thither his regardant eye). 1834 R. Southey Doctor I. 3 The look which accompanied the words was rather cogitative than regardant. a1861 A. H. Clough Amours de Voyage in Poems (1862) 308 Stand with your upstretched arms and tranquil regardant faces. 1895 S. Crane Red Badge of Courage viii. 84 He stood regardant for a moment. His eyes had an awestruck expression. 1931 V. Woolf Waves 268 So he turned with a passion that made up for his indolence upon Catullus, Horace, Lucretius, lying lazily dormant, yes, but regardant, noticing, with rapture, cricketers. 1975 S. Bellow Humboldt's Gift 190 And now others, casually regardant, passed the place in automobiles. †B. n. 1. A beholder; a spectator. Obsolete. rare.Chiefly in translations by Anthony Munday. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > one who sees > [noun] > beholder or spectator showerOE beholderc1374 lookera1382 espiouressc1430 considererc1449 overseerc1450 regarder1525 surveyor1558 viewer1565 spectatora1586 regardant1590 aspector1603 supervisor1610 eyer1611 spectatrix1611 spectatress1632 speculator1647 contemplator1658 attender1665 espier1860 1590 A. Munday tr. N. de Herberay First Bk. Amadis of Gaule xiv. f. 70^v Their Sheelds cut in pieces, and their bloud coullering the ground, which mooued exceeding compassion in the regardants [Fr. regardants], who seemed copartners in their daunger. 1596 Z. Jones tr. J. de Lavardin Hist. Scanderbeg 8 An incredible kind of care intermingled with griefe did assaile the hearts of the regardants. 1596 A. Munday tr. 1st Pt. Palmerin of Eng. xii. sig. E3^v The Regardaunts, seeing the equallitie of their strength, could not iudge to whome victory was lykeliest. 2. A villein regardant, a serf. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > service > feudal service > serfdom > [noun] > serf > types of villein regardant1443 helot1579 regardant1646 scallagc1700 borderer1771 bordar1776 mainmortable1779 native (or villein) of stock1828 Penest1835 adscript1837 1646 W. Hughes tr. A. Horne Mirrour Justices ii. xxviii. 110 As other Creatures are kept in inclosures, so are villains kept to guard the Possessions of their Lords, and from thence are said Regardants. [Fr. Et sicome autres Creatures enservies sont gardables, aussi soint serfs a garder de lour possessions, & de ceo sont [d]it.] 1795 E. Burke Lett. Peace Regic. France iv, in Wks. (1818) IX. 72 The Helots of Laconia, the Regardants to the Manor in Russia and in Poland, even the Negroes in the West Indies, know nothing of..so penetrating, so heart-breaking a slavery. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.1443
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