representationn.1
/ˌrɛprᵻz(ɛ)nˈteɪʃn/, U.S. /ˌrɛprəˌzɛnˈteɪʃ(ə)n/, /ˌrɛprəzənˈteɪʃ(ə)n/ I. The action of standing for, or in the place of, a person, group, or thing, and related senses.
1.
a. Something which stands for or denotes another symbolically; an image, a symbol, a sign. Chiefly with of.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > representation > [noun] > a representation
form?c1225
figurea1340
likeness1340
print1340
nebshaftc1350
resemblancea1393
visagea1400
similitude?a1425
representationc1450
simulacre1483
representa1500
semblance1513
idea1531
image1531
similitudeness1547
type1559
living image1565
portrait1567
counter-figure1573
shadow1580
countershape1587
umbrage1604
medal1608
reflex1608
remonstrance1640
transcript1646
configurationa1676
phantom1690
facsimile1801
personation1851
featuring1864
zoomorph1883
c1450 (?c1425) St. Elizabeth of Spalbeck in Anglia (1885) 8 107 Oure lorde Jhesu..schewiþ..þe representacyone of his blyssed passyone in þe persone of the same virgyne.
1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes f. 154 Slepe is a certain ymage and representacion of death.
1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning i. sig. F2 The essentiall fourme of knowledge; which is nothing but a representation of truth. View more context for this quotation
1624 W. Bedel Copies Certaine Lett. xi. 150 It is a memorie and representation of the true Sacrifice..made on the Altar of the Crosse.
1672 T. Godden Catholicks No Idolaters i. v. 81 He commanded Moses..to place in the Temple..a representation of his Footstool and Throne (the Ark and the Propitiatory).
1711 R. Steele Spectator No. 22. ⁋3 The Play-House is a Representation of the World in nothing so much as in this Particular.
1794 R. J. Sulivan View of Nature II. xlv. 303 The constellation which the Greeks called the Argo, was a representation of the sacred ship of Osiris.
1806 A. Knox Remains I. 28 It is..the representation of very heaven upon earth.
1875 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) IV. 280 He liked to think of the world as the representation of the divine nature.
1875 H. H. Bancroft Native Races Pacific States III. ii. 109 It becomes difficult or impossible to say in many instances whether a particular object, for example the sun, is regarded as the deity or merely as the representation or symbol of the deity.
1977 Savage & Rumbaugh in D. M. Rumbaugh Lang. Learning by Chimpanzee xvi. 304 Apes are relatively facile in the learning of arbitrary representations (i.e., Ameslan signs, lexigrams, words).
2003 Hist. & Memory (Nexis) 31 Dec. 130 The Gerzes' monument was never received as being outside the scope of postfascist discourse... Rather, the monument was a priori a representation of Nazism, already a metaphor.
b. The action or fact of expressing or denoting symbolically; (also occasionally) an instance of this, a symbolic action.See also knowledge representation n. at knowledge n. Compounds 2.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > representation > physical representation of abstraction > symbolizing > [noun]
representation1483
charactery1593
characterism1594
symbolization1603
symbolism1653
symbology1840
embleming1841
symbolling1842
iconology1849
typism1850
symbolizing1887
1483 W. Caxton tr. Caton A iij b Thymages of sayntes..gyue us memorye and make representation of the sayntes that ben in heuen.
a1500 (?c1425) Speculum Sacerdotale (1936) 129 (MED) The procession is made yche Sonday in representacion of that the whiche the apostles made to oure lord in the day of his ascencion.
1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection ii. sig. Mii We shulde do as he wolde vs to do, by the representacion or significacion of the sayd acte or dede.
1604 E. Grimeston tr. J. de Acosta Nat. & Morall Hist. Indies v. xix. 380 The manner of the sacrifice was to drowne them and bury them with certaine representations and ceremonies.
1624 T. Gataker Discuss. Transubstant. 4 The Rocke was Christ onely symbolically and sacramentally, by representation and resemblance.
a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Wilts. 144 Superstition..making Piety Pageantry, and subjecting what is sacred, to lusory representations.
1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I Scheme, is the representation of any Geometrical or Astronomical Figure or Problem, by Lines sensibly to the Eye.
1867 Trans. Philol. Soc. Suppl. 1 On Palaeotype, or the representation of spoken sounds..by means of the ancient types.
1878 Cayley in Encycl. Brit. VI. 722/1 The particular axes of coordinates used in the representation of the curve by its equation.
1960 R. F. C. Hull tr. C. G. Jung Coll. Wks. III. 134 The representation of one's own complexes by strange actors in dreams is well known..in psychopathology.
1972 M. L. Samuels Linguistic Evol. v. 75 The effect of polysemy is in principle the same as that of homonymy—the representation of two or more meanings by a single form.
1988 Renaissance Stud. 2 274 The representation of Truth by a naked figure related to a pudic Venus.
2. Law. Assumption, by the lineal descendant of a person who dies prior to succession, of the right of inheritance originally vested in his or her ancestor; the legal concept or process which governs this. Frequently in right of representation [after French droit de representation (1600 in the passage translated in quot. 1607)] . See also passive representation n. at passive adj. and n. Compounds.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > legal right > right of possession or ownership > right to succeed to title, position, or estate > [noun] > hereditary > right of son of elder son deceased
right of representation1607
1607 E. Grimeston tr. Gen. Inuentorie Hist. France i. xl. 145 The right of representation [Fr. droict de representation]..is, that the sonne of the eldest brother, represents the Father, and without doubt succeeds in all his rights, to enioy them, as if he himselfe liued.
1693 J. Dalrymple Inst. Law Scotl. (ed. 2) iii. viii. §32. 503 The Line of Succession in Moveables, is first, the Nearest Descendents, Male or Female, in the same Degree, equally; whether Sons or Daughters, without Right of Representation.
1766 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. II. 225 The right of representation being thus established, the former part of the present rule amounts to this; that, on failure of issue, [etc.].
a1768 J. Erskine Inst. Law Scotl. (1773) II. iii. viii. §11 546 There is a right of representation peculiar to heritage, by which one succeeds in heritable subjects, not from any title in his own person, but in the place of, and as representing some of his deceased ascendents.
1832 A. McLeod Amer. Christian Expositor Mar. 421/1 God charged Adam with the sin of eating the forbidden fruit... God charges his posterity with this same sin, because they are guilty, having identified with him by legal representation.
1838 W. Bell Dict. Law Scotl. 556 This right of representation takes place in collateral succession to heritage, as well as in that of descendants in the direct line.
1861 I. Drayton Office of Surrogates (ed. 3) 422 Those who take by representation only, cannot be entitled to anything to which the person they represent never had any title.
1875 Amer. Law Reg. 23 681 He shall not be capable of taking..property from the lineal or collateral kindred of such parents by right of representation.
1921 Yale Law Jrnl. 30 590 The Statute of Distribution allows such a right of representation in favour of children of a deceased brother or sister, but no farther.
2009 W. A. Whitman Smart Women protect their Assets vi. 85 If you leave your estate to your children per stirpes and one of your children has already died, that child's share will pass to that child's children. This is also referred to as by representation.
3.
a. The fact or process of standing for, or in the place of, a person, group, institution, etc., esp. with the right or authority to speak or act on behalf of these; (in later use also) the action or fact of representing a party in a legal case.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > delegated authority > action or function of a delegate or deputy > [noun]
legacyc1384
proxy1440
vicarship1534
deputyship1587
attorneyship1598
vicegerentship1600
vicaragea1631
solicitorship1633
agenting1646
committeeship1648
representation1660
proxyship1674
proxyhood1776
surrogacy1811
assigneeship1829
locum tenency1831
delegateship1838
surrogateship1846
repping1910
1660 R. Coke Elements Power & Subjection 111 in Justice Vindicated So cannot these Members be formed into a body but by the King, either by his Royal presence or representation.
1671 E. Chamberlayne Angliæ Notitia (ed. 5) i. ii. xxii. 50 No Parliament can begin without the Kings Presence, either in Person, or by Representation by Commissioners.
1778 J. Murray Lect. upon Bk. Revelation I. i. 39 No man will appear by representation, nor act by proxy, but every one in his own person, and for his own interest, must stand before Jesus Christ.
1838 W. Bell Dict. Law Scotl. 854 Whatever infers the substitution of one person in the room and place of another..falls under the general denomination of representation.
1854 Foreign Missionary Feb. 189/1 There is no such things as performing a fraction of this duty by proxy, or through representation, any more than of exercising faith or of attaining to salvation by proxy.
1946 Ann. Reg. 1945 157 A High Commissioner..would be appointed to take over from the Viceroy duties connected with the representation of Britain in India.
1970 N.Y. Times 23 Aug. 38/4 Until recently pro bono practitioners confined themselves to the representation of individual indigent clients in criminal and civil law.
1990 Internat. Jrnl. Epidemiol. 19 787/1 I regard the representation of a guilty and despicable defendant..as one of the highest obligations of my profession.
b. The action, fact, or right of being represented or representing others in a legislative or deliberative assembly; the principles or system associated with this.See also proportional representation n. at proportional n. and adj. Compounds.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > governing or legislative body of a nation or community > [noun] > a representative assembly > fact of representing or being represented
representation1769
1769 E. Burke Observ. Late State Nation 63 We ought not to be quite so ready with our taxes, until we can secure the desired representation in parliament.
1776 Massach. Prov. Laws 10 Geo. III, c. 328 An act providing for a more equal representation in the General Court.
1780 S. Johnson Let. 25 May (1992) III. 262 It would be with great discontent that I should see Mr. Thrale decline the representation of the borough.
1802 J. Bowles Thoughts Late Gen. Election 10 A fair and free representation of the people in Parliament was meant to be obtained by means of universal suffrage.
1828 J. Mackintosh Speech in Commons 2 May in Wks. (1846) III. 489 Neither can it be said, that the Assembly of Canada was so entirely indifferent to its system of representation.
1848 Sir J. Graham in C. S. Parker Life & Lett. (1907) II. 69 A further reform of the representation will be the stalking-horse of the ambitious, and the war-cry of their dupes.
a1862 H. T. Buckle Hist. Civilisation Eng. (1873) III. i. 33 Down to quite modern times, there was in Scotland no real popular representation.
1875 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. II. xv. 163 An assembly of Estates is an organised collection, made by representation or otherwise, of the..men who are recognised as possessing political power.
1902 Westm. Gaz. 5 June 4/2 Representation in the law-making and tax-levying assembly.
1919 German Constitution (H.M.S.O.) i. 11 A Reichsrat is formed for the representation of the German States in Federal legislation.
1994 R. Clare in W. Klempa Burning Bush & Few Acres of Snow 262 Presbyterian women remained ineligible for ordination..and therefore continued to have no representation in the church's courts—the Presbytery or the General Assembly.
2000 Times 5 Sept. i. 21/5 The Australian AV system does not lead to more balanced representation.
4. A group of individuals nominated to speak or act on behalf of others; esp. the body of delegates who represent a group or constituency in a legislative assembly.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > governing or legislative body of a nation or community > [noun] > a representative assembly > member of > aggregate of
representation1765
1765 J. Otis Vindic. Brit. Colonies 22 Were I convinced..that it is reasonable and best that the colonies should be taxed by parliament, without being allowed a representation, [etc.].
1789 Constit. U.S. i. §2 Where vacancies [in Congress] happen in the representation from any state, the executive authority thereof shall issue writs of election.
1790 E. Burke Refl. Revol. in France 60 I found the representation for the Third Estate composed of six hundred persons. View more context for this quotation
1797 Monthly Mag. & Brit. Reg. Feb. 155/1 The temple being..easy to defend, was thought to be a proper residence for the representation of the king.
1828 N. Webster Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. (at cited word) It is expedient to have an able representation in both houses of congress.
1883 Manch. Guard. 22 Oct. 5/3 A fresh method of election, by which the representation shall be made to reflect with greatly increased accuracy the wishes and opinions of the whole of the electors.
1957 L. F. R. Williams State of Israel 158 The Israel system has the disadvantage of so fractionalizing the representation in the legislature that no party has yet succeeded in gaining an absolute majority.
2008 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 3 Apr. 16/2 The Islamist Muttehida Majlis Amal (MMA) alliance nearly tripled its representation in the national assembly.
5. Mathematics. Originally: an image (image n. 9) of a homomorphism from a given algebraic structure (as a group, ring, or algebra) to the set of endomorphisms of a vector space. In later use chiefly: the homomorphism itself.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > numerical arrangement > [noun] > set > in abstract algebra > groups > quality
order1878
representation1897
realization1954
Clifford module1964
1897 W. Burnside Theory Groups of Finite Order ii. 22 As long as we are dealing with the properties of a group per se, and not with properties which depend on the form of representation, the group may, if convenient, be replaced by any group which is simply isomorphic with it.
1908 H. Hilton Introd. Theory Groups Finite Order xv. 180 One and the same group of linear substitutions may give rise to two or more representations of G.
1974 Encycl. Brit. Macropædia I. 752/2 Technically, a representation of a group is a homomorphism of it into another group.
1980 Sci. Amer. May 68/2 The way mathematicians construct a group depends to a large extent on whether the group has a natural representation as the transformations of some geometrical object.
2006 P. Woit Not even Wrong x. 127 Perhaps the most well known of these applications has been to the study of representations of something known as the monster group.
II. Senses relating to depiction or portrayal.† 7.
6. † d. Acting, simulation, pretence. Obsolete. rare.
a. A depiction or portrayal of a person or thing, typically one produced in an artistic medium; an image, a model, a picture.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > representation in art > [noun] > an artistic representation
ylikenesseOE
likenessOE
anlikenessOE
ylikeOE
imagec1300
acornc1388
portraiturea1393
resemblancea1393
semblanta1400
counterfeitc1400
shapec1400
statuec1405
representation1477
presentationa1513
presentment1535
effigy1539
porture1542
express1553
effigium1564
representance1565
designment1570
icon1572
mimesisa1586
effigies1615
expressurea1616
represent1615
signature1618
proportion1678
representative1766
rendering1825
buggerlugs1839
effigiation1876
1477 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Hist. Jason (1913) 88 He..swore right solempnly tofore the representacion of the goddesse Pallas..that he shold retourne.
1490 Caxton's Blanchardyn & Eglantine (1962) ii. 15 Of Achilles, and of many othre, Of whom he sawe the representacyon in the sayde tappysserye.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. iv Ouer the corps, was an Image or a representacion of the late kyng, laied on Cusshions of golde.
1582 N. Lichefield tr. F. L. de Castanheda 1st Bk. Hist. Discouerie E. Indias i. ii. 29 They fell presently downe upon the ground, worshipping that Representation.
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Paisage, a representation of fields, or of the countrey, in painting, &c.
1669 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. I iii. i. 295 Eicastick Art or Skill in Imitation: whence also Eicastik Poesie receeved its origination..because its main use lies in framing Images, and pleasing representations of persons or Things.
1697 S. Patrick Comm. Exod. (xxxii. 1) 630 They took this opportunity to desire a visible Representation of God among them, as the Egyptians had.
1715 J. Richardson Ess. Theory of Painting 56 Every Historical Picture is a Representation of one single point of Time.
1757 tr. J. G. Keyssler Trav. III. 54 A representation of the triumphal arch erected by Augustus.
1796 W. Withering Arrangem. Brit. Plants (ed. 3) IV. 99 This is a good representation, but the leaves are too broad upwards.
1801 J. Strutt Glig-gamena Angel-ðeod i. i. 4 The representation of a Saxon chieftain..taken from a manuscriptal painting.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. ii. 160 The Parliament resolved that all pictures..which contained representations of Jesus or of the Virgin Mother should be burned.
1852 Tait's Edinb. Mag. 19 592 A good book is a perfect icon, a faithful picture and representation of nature and human life.
1877 D. M. Wallace Russia iv. 98 Icons are pictorial half-length representations of the Saviour..executed in archaic Byzantine style.
1897 R. W. Paul Brit. Patent 4686/1896 1 An improved apparatus for producing representations of moving scenes, figures or objects by projecting onto a screen.
1909 Webster's New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. Criophore, a statue, figure, or other representation of a man carrying a ram.
1967 T. W. Blackburn Good Day to Die v. 43 Agate-like stone that had been artistically worked into an excellent representation of a tortoise.
2005 D. Cruickshank Around World in 80 Treasures 22 There [sc. on Easter Island] I catch my first glimpse of a Moai—a giant stylised representation of the human figure.
b. The action or fact of portraying a person or thing, esp. in an artistic medium; depiction.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > representation > [noun]
picture?a1439
representingc1443
portraiturea1450
refigurationc1475
effigiation?1533
figuring1534
representation1579
picturing1585
representmentc1590
presentationa1616
portrayment?1650
iconism1656
importraiture1834
portrayal1836
rendition1959
1579 T. North tr. Plutarch Liues 72 If we consider what Numa ordeined concerning images, and the representation of the goddes, it is alltogether agreable vnto the doctrine of Pythagoras.
a1652 J. Smith Select Disc. (1660) vi. ii. 182 The representation of Divine things by some Sensible images or some Narrative voice.
1703 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion II. ix. 483 We are now entering upon a time, the representation..whereof, must needs be the..most unagreeable and difficult to the Writer.
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Plane Objective Plane, in Perspective, is any Plane situate in the horizontal Plane, whose Representation in Perspective is required.
1789 J. Reynolds Disc. Students Royal Acad. 1788 13 Whether his portraits were most admirable for exact truth of resemblance, or his landskips for the portrait-like representation of nature.
1830 J. G. Strutt Sylva Brit. (rev. ed.) Pref. Fidelity of representation being..adhered to.
1843 J. F. W. Herschel in Abstr. Papers Royal Soc. 4 131 (title) Note on the art of photography, or the application of the chemical rays of light to the purpose of pictorial representation.
1863 Sat. Rev. 6 June 727 Portraits which left on him the irresistible impression of similar..depth of representation.
1948 R. O. Dunlop Understanding Pictures iv. 42 The pure abstract picture in which all representation of objects, all extraneous subject-matter, was finally eliminated.
1991 J. Richardson Life of Picasso I. 488/2 Take the representation of an apple: if one draws a circle one registers the basic form of the object.
2005 New Yorker 12 Sept. 22/3 The history of the representation of the male nude from the kouroi to Caravaggio.
c. The presentation of characters and action on the stage; performance; (also) an instance of this.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > drama > [noun] > dramatic performance
scene1572
representation?1589
presentationa1616
scene work1642
dramatics1796
dramaticalc1826
dramaturgy1837
theatricalitya1871
stage-work1906
?1589 T. Nashe Almond for Parrat Ded. 4 The order and maner of our playes, which he termed by the name of representations.
1612 T. Taylor Αρχὴν Ἁπάντων: Comm. Epist. Paul to Titus ii. 15 Iesting, interluding, and stage representations.
1663 A. Cowley Cutter of Coleman-St. Pref. sig. A2 It met at the first representation with no favourable reception.
1711 R. Steele Spectator No. 22. ⁋1 One of the Audience at Publick Representations in our Theatres.
1756 S. Foote Englishman return'd from Paris ii. 38 Dramatic Things, farcical in their Composition, and ridiculous in their Representation.
1806 J. Beresford Miseries Human Life I. ii. 27 The last..scene of the tragedy..is too dreadful for representation.
1849 W. M. Thackeray Pendennis (1850) I. vii. 67 Never having been before at a theatrical representation.
1880 G. Grove Dict. Music II. 670 The study of the Eclogues of Theocritus and Virgil led to the stage representation of pastoral dramas.
1929 Radio Times 8 Nov. 406/1 Journey's End was written for stage representation and is, therefore, not in the more restricted sense a ‘wireless play’.
1993 Stud. Eng. Lit. 1500–1900 33 311 The very nature of theatrical representation defied ‘official’ positions on rank and degree.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > dissimulation, pretence > [noun]
foxingc1220
feignc1320
faintise1340
simulation1340
dissimulingc1374
likenessc1384
dissimulationc1386
coverture1393
dissemblationc1425
assimulationa1450
dissemblec1480
fiction1483
dissemblinga1500
irony1502
dissimulance1508
dissembly?c1550
blindation1588
counterfeisance1590
misseeming1590
supposing1596
dissemblance1602
guise1662
dissimulating1794
make-believe1794
representation1805
sham-Abra(ha)m1828
make-belief1837
pretence1862
make-believing1867
postiche1876
kid-stakes1916
smoke and mirrors1980
1805 W. Godwin Fleetwood I. vii. 156 The inference usually drawn is, that his [sc. a widower's] grief was pure mummery and representation.
a. Appearance; impression on the sight. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > thing seen > appearance or aspect > [noun]
onseneeOE
bleea1000
shapeOE
ylikeOE
laitc1175
semblanta1225
sightc1275
fare1297
showingc1300
specea1325
parelc1330
guise1340
countenance1362
semblance?a1366
apparel1377
regardc1380
apparencec1384
imagec1384
spicec1384
overseeminga1398
kenninga1400
seemingc1400
visage1422
rinda1450
semenauntc1450
'pearance1456
outwardc1475
representation1489
favour?a1500
figurea1522
assemblant1523
prospect?1533
respect1535
visure1545
perceiverance1546
outwardshine1549
view1556
species1559
utter-shape1566
look1567
physiognomy1567
face1572
paintry1573
visor1575
mienc1586
superficies?1589
behaviour1590
aspect1594
complexion1597
confrontment1604
show1604
aira1616
beseeminga1616
formality1615
resemblancea1616
blush1620
upcomea1630
presentment1637
scheme1655
sensation1662
visibility1669
plumage1707
facies1727
remark1748
extrinsica1797
exterior1801
showance1820
the cut of one's jib1823
personnel1839
personal appearance1842
what-like1853
look-see1898
outwall1933
visuality1938
prosopon1947
1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes iv. xvii. 279 Amonge the colours is a difference of noblesse for cause of the representacyon that either of hem doon after his nature.
1664 H. Power Exper. Philos. i. 46 The Weft (being flat wired Silver) that crosses the Warp, it makes a fine Chequered Representation.
b. Bearing, air, demeanour. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > behaviour > [noun] > demeanour or bearing
i-bereOE
i-letelOE
lundc1175
semblanta1240
countenancec1290
fare1297
porturec1300
bearinga1325
portc1330
abearc1350
demeaning14..
habit1413
apporta1423
havingsa1425
maintenance?c1436
demeanc1450
maintain?1473
deport1474
maintaining1477
demeanance1486
affair1487
containing1487
behaviour1490
representation1490
haviour?1504
demeanour1509
miena1522
function1578
amenance1590
comportance1590
portance1590
purport1590
manage1593
style1596
dispose1601
deportments1603
comportment1605
garb1605
aira1616
deportment1638
comport1660
tour1702
sway1753
disport1761
maintien1814
tenue1828
portment1833
allure1841
1490 Caxton's Blanchardyn & Eglantine (1962) ix. 37 The knyght sayd vnto Blanchardyn, ‘Syre, ye be a right fayre Iouencell, and of noble representacion’.
1598 R. Grenewey tr. Tacitus Annales xi. ix. 151 This yong man of a noble birth, of a manly representation.
1640 tr. G. S. du Verdier Love & Armes Greeke Princes ii. 136 He espied a Knight of so goodly a representation, that he stayed to observe him.
8.
a. The action of putting forward an account of something discursively; a spoken or written statement, esp. one which conveys or intends to create a particular view or impression.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > statement > [noun]
declaration1340
propositionc1390
presentmentc1454
unsecretness1526
advancement1532
representation1553
upgiving1574
pronouncement1593
presentation1597
proposal1597
declarement1633
pronounce1641
enunciation1651
declaring1667
advance1699
declarature1729
statement1776
stating1780
constatation1952
1553 J. Brende tr. Q. Curtius Rufus Hist. v. f. 88v When Darius had spoken theis wordes the representacion [L. species] of the present perill so amasyd them all, that they were not able..to shew there aduise.
1641 (title) A remonstrance on the behalfe of Cumberland and Westmerland published..for a true representation of the state of the ministry in the Diocesse of Carlile.
1662 E. Stillingfleet Origines Sacræ iii. i. §1 A faithful representation of the State of the case between God and the souls of men.
1666 S. Pepys Diary 24 July (1972) VII. 216 Drawing up a representation of the state of my victualling business.
a1704 T. Brown Oration in Praise Drunkenness in Wks. (1707) I. i. 50 Priests impose no longer on Mankind, nor amuse the People with empty Representations of what they give no Credit to themselves.
1724 A. Collins Disc. Grounds Christian Relig. 280 A Representation of him, by the said Convocation,..as a person carrying on the cause of irreligion.
1764 D. Hume Let. 8 Aug. (1932) I. 461 This Representation of Matters was as much contrary to my former pre-conceiv'd Opinions as to my Interest.
1782 J. Priestley Hist. Corruptions Christianity I. i. 93 There are different representations of the Platonic doctrine.
1853 Parl. Deb. 3rd Ser. 127 1175 A fair representation of their views of what was done.
1858 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. (ed. 2) III. xvii. 506 False representations had been held out to bring the lady into the realm.
1891 J. Rhys in Celtic Folklore (1901) iv. 291 This representation of the world of the fairies, as contained within the ordinary world of mortals, is very remarkable.
1914 Lancet 9 May 1328/2 The author states that this publication is the first attempt at a representation of our knowledge about vitamines and avitaminoses.
2005 J. D. Le Sueur Uncivil War (ed. 2) ii. v. 164 Tillion believed that to elucidate the path toward reconciliation it was first necessary to present an accurate representation of Algerians.
b. Law. A statement made by one party which provides the basis on which another agrees to enter into a contract.
ΚΠ
1838 W. Bell Dict. Law Scotl. 510 Where the representation is untrue, with a fraudulent design to impose on the underwriter, the policy is completely vacated.
1846 Rep. Cases Courts of Exchequer VI. 386 I am of opinion, that for the purpose of this plea the representation of the agent is that of the principal; and that the falsehood of that representation to the knowledge of the principal, and the concealment of a material fact to the defendant, are sufficient to sustain the plea.
1911 G. S. Bower Law Actionable Misrepresentation 1 A representation is a statement made by, or on behalf of, one person..to, or with the intention that it shall come to the notice of, another person.
1986 P. S. Atiyah Ess. on Contract (1990) x. 328 Warranty primarily allows the representee to claim damages on the basis that the representation is false.
9.
a. The action or process of presenting to the mind or imagination; an instance of this; (also) the result of this process; an image or picture presented to the mind or imagination in this way.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of ideation > [noun] > presentation
representationa1602
the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of ideation > idea, notion, or concept > [noun]
thoughtOE
thingOE
conceita1393
imagea1393
concept1479
conception1526
suppositiona1529
idee1542
idea1585
conceivement1599
project1600
representationa1602
notion1607
phantasma1620
conceptus1643
species1644
notice1654
revolution1675
representamen1677
vorstellung1807
brain-stuff1855
ideation1876
think1886
artefact1923
construct1933
mind1966
the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of imagination > mental image, idea, or fancy > [noun]
huea1000
imagination1340
imagea1393
portraiturea1393
trowc1460
fume1531
imaginary1594
phantasm1594
trajection1594
representationa1602
idolum1619
object1651
tablature1661
fancy1663
representamen1677
phantom1686
presentment1817
fantasy1823
projection1836
visuality1841
thought-picture1844
imago1863
vestige1885
the mind > language > speech > narration > description or act of describing > [noun]
descrivingc1325
declaration1382
descriptiona1387
devisementc1400
descrying1440
presentmentc1454
describing1553
delineation1578
display1583
presentation1597
representationa1602
diction1604
characterism1608
deciphera1670
characterization1801
redescription1839
descriptivism1935
the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > epistemology > [noun] > cognition > concept
conception1526
concept1561
conceit1576
representationa1602
notion1607
dicible1656
pseudo-concept1866
cogitatum1878
a1602 W. Perkins Disc. Witchcraft (1610) iv. 140 Imagination is nothing but the representation of some thing in the minde by conceit.
1678 R. Burthogge Organum Vetus & Novum 38 A Representation of things unto the Minde in plain, apt, and significant Words.
1702 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion I. i. 34 Though he was exceedingly perplex'd with the lively representation of all particulars to his memory, he was willing still to perswade himself, that he had only dream'd.
1727 D. Defoe Syst. Magick i. iv. 97 That Canaan, pleased with the lively Representation of his Grandfather's Shame, resolv'd..if possible, to give himself the Satisfaction of bringing it to pass.
1796 T. Beddoes Ess. Public Merits Mr. Pitt ix. 169 Give an unexaggerated representation of the disposition contracted in our crowded manufactories.
1859 D. Masson Brit. Novelists iv. 308 It may be that the representation of social reality is..the proper business of the Novel.
1872 H. Spencer Princ. Psychol. (ed. 2) II. viii. vii. 601 ‘Other-worldliness’..is a feeling in which the representation of divine approval goes along with a representation of general future happiness to be secured by that approval.
1943 E. K. Brown On Canad. Poetry 18 An imaginative representation of the group in which they live could clarify for the reader his own nature and those of his associates.
1953 W. R. Trask tr. E. Auerbach Mimesis (sub-title) The representation of reality in western literature.
1987 M. Rustin & M. Rustin Narratives Love & Loss 3 These stories are about the representation of feeling, and about the resolution of conflicts of feeling.
2004 D. Vesely Archit. in Age of Divided Representation iv. 194 [Cartesian thought] became the dominant mode of modern thinking and shaped the modern representation of reality.
b. Philosophy. An image, concept, or thought in the mind, esp. as representing an object or state of affairs in the world; spec. a mental image or idea regarded as an object of direct knowledge and as the means by which knowledge of objects in the world may indirectly be acquired (now chiefly historical). Also: the formation or possession of images, concepts, or thoughts in the mind, esp. as representing, or as a means of acquiring knowledge of, objects or states of affairs in the world.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of ideation > [noun]
conceptiona1387
conceitc1405
conceptiveness1819
conceptuality1836
representationa1856
the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of imagination > [noun] > forming clear image
representationa1856
the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of ideation > idea, notion, or concept > [noun] > distinct
realization1797
representation1864
overthought1883
1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding ii. xxix. 238 Our simple Ideas are all real, all agree to the reality of things. Not that they are all of them the Images, or representations of what does exist, the contrary whereof, in all but the primary Qualities of Bodies, hath been already shewed.
1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding iii. ix. 169 The Names of Substances, being annexed to Ideas, that are neither the real Essences, nor exact Representations of the Patterns they are referr'd to, are liable yet to greater Imperfection and Uncertainty.
1725 I. Watts Logick i. i. 13 An Idea is generally defined a Representation of a Thing in the Mind; 'tis a Representation of something that we have seen, felt, heard &c. or been conscious of.
1757 E. Burke Philos. Enq. Sublime & Beautiful v. ii. 169 Compound abstracts, such as virtue, honour, persuasion, docility; of these I am convinced, that whatever power they may have on the passions, they do not derive it from any representation raised in the mind of the things for which they stand.
1776 R. Applegarth Theol. Surv. Human Understanding iii. 51 The Notions or Thoughts of Things (whether present or absent) as they exist in the Mind by way of Representation; these are properly Ideas.
1810 D. Stewart Philos. Ess. (1811) i. i. ii. 83 The prevailing opinion, since Locke's time has been, that all our simple ideas, excepting those which the power of reflection collects from the phenomena of thought, are images or representations of certain external archetypes with which our different organs of sense are conversant.
a1856 W. Hamilton Lect. Metaphysics (1859) II. xxii. 59 The doctrine of representation, under all its modifications, is properly subordinate to the doctrine of a spiritual principle of thought.
1864 F. C. Bowen Treat. Logic i. 12 The Kantians use Representations to designate the genus which includes..Percepts, Concepts and Ideas.
1885 J. Martineau Types Ethical Theory I. i. i. §3. 160 A representation of the imagination is a modification of the mind itself.
1936 C. E. M. Joad Guide to Philos. i. ii. 41 The theory is known as ‘Representationalism’ because it asserts that we know not external things, but the representations, or copies, of external things in our own minds.
1960 F. C. Copleston Hist. Philos. iii. xii. 236 Kant takes it for granted that the senses are acted upon by external things; and the effect of this action upon the faculty of representation is called ‘sensation’.
2007 T. Alter in T. Alter & S. Walter Phenomenal Concepts & Phenomenal Knowl. iv. 74 How would the ultrastrong representationalist distinguish between phenomenal and nonphenomenal representation?
10.
a. A formal statement of facts, reasons, or arguments, presented (usually to an authority) with the intention of influencing action or opinion; (hence) a protest, a remonstrance, an expostulation. Frequently in plural, esp. in later use.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > statement > [noun] > a statement or declaration > formal or official
recognition1523
representation1659
protocol1880
the mind > language > speech > request > protesting or remonstrance > [noun] > a protest
gaincalla1300
reclaim1440
remonstrance?1566
counterblast1567
testimony1582
deprecation1626
protestation1638
regret1642
protest1644
representation1659
crusade1786
1659 Mercurius Politicus No. 572. 528 Colonel Phare is come over with a Representation or Address to the Parliament from the Army in Ireland, signifying their unanimous, cheerfull concurrence with the late Transactions in England.
1679 Longueville Let. 11 Mar. in E. M. Thompson Corr. Family of Hatton (1878) I. 182 The King too day, in answer to their Representation (that's ye word now), told them that too much time had been allready lost.
1728 in Colonial Rec. Pennsylvania (1852) III. 298 Nothing less than the Preservation of the Rights and Privileges of the Freeman of Pennsylvania could induce us to make the following Representation.
1750 S. Johnson Rambler No. 26. ⁋7 I resolved..to teach young men, who are too tame under representation, in what manner grey-bearded insolence ought to be treated.
1788 H. Walpole Reminiscences (1924) i. 14 The minister against the earnest representations of his family..consented to the recall of that incendiary.
1817 J. Mill Hist. Brit. India II. v. i. 307 Mr. Hastings was nominated Governor-General..not to be removed..except by the King, upon representation made by the Court of Directors.
1855 W. H. Prescott Hist. Reign Philip II I. ii. vii. 529 They were indignant that so little account should be made of their representations.
1891 T. Hardy Tess of the D'Urbervilles II. xxxii. 149 Despite Angel Clare's plausible representations..of the practical need for their immediate marriage, there was in truth an element of precipitancy in the step.
1950 ‘C. S. Forester’ Mr. Midshipman Hornblower 73 They would never part with prisoners on the representation of a merchant captain.
1984 Times 2 Feb. 6/5 Shortly before the broadcast the Trust's chairman made representations to the BBC about the programme.
2001 Bloody Sunday, 1972 108 He was surprised to find himself removed from command a year later, and made lengthy representations to Parliament.
b. Scots Law. A formal written request to a judge of the (Outer House of the) Court of Session to change or modify his decision. Now historical.The procedure ceased to be operative after the reforms of 1868, which standardized appeal procedures from the Outer House to the Inner House of the Court of Session.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > judging > appeal or review > [noun] > review > process of obtaining
certification1641
representation1824
1824 Cases Court of Session 2 617 It was incompetent for the Lord Ordinary to alter an interlocutor..except on a representation.
1838 W. Bell Dict. Law Scotl. 854 Twenty days were allowed from the time of pronouncing the judgment, within which the representation might have been presented.
1865 Rep. First & Second Trials Issue Action of Damages 504 I take leave to suppose, that upon the representation of Mr Hunter, the Lord Ordinary takes up the question, and exercises his judicial mind upon it.
1995 J. W. Cairns in J. Robertson Union for Empire iii. x. 260 Interlocutors could be reviewed by the judge on the basis of a written representation by one of the parties... There was no limit on the number of times the Ordinary could be asked to review an interlocutor.
Phrases
representation by population n. Politics (chiefly North American) (the principle of) political representation based proportionately on the population of the electorate.
ΚΠ
1837 Proc. & Deb. Convent. Pennsylvania II. 122 The main object of it [sc. the amendment] was to carry out the principle of representation by population.
1899 Times 22 May 3/6 The unit of representation in Canada is 23,000, but the Bill apparently ignores representation by population, several counties being given greater representation than they are entitled to, and others less.
1920 O. Skelton Life & Times Sir A. T. Galt 210 Representation by Population or ‘Rep. by Pop.’ as it was familiarly known, made a much more direct appeal.
2008 Portage Daily Graphic (Manitoba) (Nexis) 9 Sept. 4 The outdated and unfair notion of representation by population has ensured the election is decided by the time Ontario and Quebec's votes are counted and the rest of Canada is counted out.
Compounds
representation theory n. Mathematics the branch of mathematics concerned with the study or application of representations (sense 5); also group representation theory.
ΚΠ
1928 Math. Gaz. 14 148 The first half of the book deals with the ‘abstract’ theory of groups; the second half with the deeper ‘representation’ theory... The representation theory has recently been extended by Weyl and Schur to an important class of continuous groups.
1965 Jrnl. Appl. Probability 2 25 Group representation theory may aid in the solution of the equations for the estimates of the missing plot values.
1987 H. N. Ward in P. Fong Arcata Conf. Representations of Finite Groups I. 339 The purpose..is to present some of the relations between algebraic coding theory and group representation theory.
2007 I. Stewart Why Beauty is Truth vii. 122 Representation theory lets you start with a group that does not consist of linear transformations and replace it with one that does.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
> see also
also refers to : re-presentationn.2
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