regratern.

Brit.

/rᵻˈɡreɪtə/, U.S.

/ˌriˈɡreɪdər/

Forms: Middle English regratere, Middle English– regrater, 1500s regratar, 1700s regretter, 1800s– regerater (English regional (Devon)); Scottish pre-1700 regraittar, pre-1700 regraitter, pre-1700 regratar, pre-1700 regrater, pre-1700 regratir, pre-1700 regrattair, pre-1700 regreater, pre-1700 regreitar, pre-1700 regretar, pre-1700 regreter.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French regrater; French regratere.

Etymology: Partly < Anglo-Norman regrater male retailer (1219 or earlier, frequent as occupational surname: see below; compare Anglo-Norman and Middle French regratier (beginning of the 12th cent. in Old French; French (now rare) regrattier ); probably < regrater regrate v.¹ (although this is first attested later) + -er -er suffix²), and partly < Anglo-Norman regratere (feminine noun) female retailer (1301 or earlier: see below; compare Middle French (rare) regratiere (1292 in Old French)), feminine form corresponding to regrater . Compare post-classical Latin regratarius (12th cent.; frequently from 13th cent. in British sources), and perhaps also the nouns in other Romance languages cited at regrate v.¹, although it is unclear whether there is any etymological connection between them and the French and post-classical Latin nouns (see discussion at regrate v.¹). Compare slightly earlier regrator n. and later regrate v.¹Anglo-Norman regrater, masculine noun, and regratere, feminine noun both occur as occupational surnames (compare Geoffrey le Regrater (1219), Agnes la Regratere (1301)). The following probably likewise shows the Anglo-Norman word, rather than earlier borrowing into Middle English:1288 in W. Hudson Leet Jurisdict. Norwich (1892) 28 De Hugone de London, Regrater.

Now rare (chiefly historical).

1. A person who buys commodities (esp. food) in order to sell them on at a profit; a retailer. Also in extended use. Cf. regrate v.¹

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > trader > agent or broker > [noun] > middleman > buying up for resale or monopoly

regratorc1390

forestaller14..

regraterc1400

engrosserc1460

grey merchant1542

grosser?1542

forebuyer1558

ingrater1583

market-monger1629

pin-hooker1885

mailer1950

switch dealer1967

c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. iii. 90 (MED) Syluer to take..Ringes or other ricchesse þe regrateres to maynetene.

c1436 Domesday Ipswich (BL Add. 25011) in T. Twiss Black Bk. Admiralty (1873) II. 101 (MED) It is ordeyned that non regrater..go out of the bondys of the forseid market..for to bargaynen, ne for to beyen ne forstallyn fysshe comyng toward the forseid toun to sellyn.

a1500 tr. Iter Camererarii c. 19 in Acts Parl. Scotl. (1844) I. 699 Of Regrataris..þai by gudis befor þe lauchfull hour.

1537 T. Cromwell in R. B. Merriman Life & Lett. T. Cromwell (1902) II. 75 The oversight..of forstalers and regraters..within the town of Cambridge.

1592 Sc. Acts Parl. (1597) c. 148 Forasmeikle as sindry acts of Parliament hes bene maid for punishment of fore-stallers and regraters [etc.].

1613 W. Welwood Abridgem. Sea-lawes 12 Against the forestallers, regraters, and dearthers of corne, fish, drinke, fire-wood, victuals caried ouer sea.

1642 D. Rogers Naaman 257 The poore shall curse thee, Oh thou regrater, Thou engrosser of corne, and raiser of prises.

1709–10 R. Steele Tatler No. 118. ⁋10 The Scarcity caused by Regraters of Bread-Corn.

1722 A. M. Thoughts of Project for draining Irish Channel 29 For P—ps, Sp—s, and Pickpockets, read Ingrossors, Forestallers, and Regretters.

1737 S.-Carolina Gaz. 16 Apr. 1/2 Every such Forestaller, Regrater, Ingrosser and other Person offending in any of the Matters aforesaid, shall, for every such Offence, forfeit all such Victuals or Provisions so bought.

1800 Edinb. Mag. Oct. 334/1 If..any regraters or forestallers should be complained of, I will do the utmost in my power to bring them to justice.

1824 W. S. Landor Imaginary Conversat. I. viii. 108 He [sc. James I] is..no forestaller and regrater of manna from heaven, or of palms from paradise.

1870 Daily News 3 Sept. 6 A police decree..preventing regraters from availing themselves of the extraordinary measures taken to provide food for the city [sc. Paris] to make famine prices for their own profit.

1925 S. Baring-Gould Further Reminisc. v. 54 He..had become the great regrater of all the industries in the land, and in so doing had killed its self-respect and initiative.

1964 S. E. Lehmberg Sir Walter Mildmay & Tudor Govt. xviii. 295 In 1589 Parliament attempted to enact legislation against forestallers and regraters but was dissolved before the bill could pass the Lords.

2. Chiefly English regional (south-western). A person who collects commodities from the producers and brings them to market; an intermediary. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > trader > agent or broker > [noun] > middleman

broker1377

kiddier1551

huckster1574

jobber1647

middlemana1797

regrater1804

regrator1808

salesman-

1804 T. H. Williams Picturesque Excursions Devonshire & Cornwall (new ed.) 43 It was near this place, some regraters were passing with several horses laden with the whortle-berry..to supply the markets of Barnstaple.

1836 A. E. Bray Descr. Part Devonshire I. xx. 351 Cart-loads are taken every week from Launceston to Devonport and Plymouth by the Regraters.

1844 Ld. Brougham Albert Lunel II. iii. 57 A middleman between the publisher and the author, like a regrater between the hop-grower and the hop-merchant or the brewer.

1865 Reader 26 Aug. 236/2 ‘Regraters’ (as the Devon folk call them..) travel round the villages, and buy up fowls, and cream, and other delicacies.

1882 T. Hardy Far from Madding Crowd (new ed.) II. xxv. 167 A sort of regrater of other men's experiences of the glorious class.

a1895 W. H. Daniels MS Coll. N. Devonshire Words in Eng. Dial. Dict. (1904) V. 83/2 The regerater's coming and my eggs are not ready.

1963 Recorded Interview (Brit. Libr. Sound Archive) (Survey Eng. Dialects: C908) Track 26 [Cornwall] What was your first job? Speaker: A regrater—chicken, butter and eggs—egg collector.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	regrater
释义	regratern. Brit. /rᵻˈɡreɪtə/, U.S. /ˌriˈɡreɪdər/ Forms: Middle English regratere, Middle English– regrater, 1500s regratar, 1700s regretter, 1800s– regerater (English regional (Devon)); Scottish pre-1700 regraittar, pre-1700 regraitter, pre-1700 regratar, pre-1700 regrater, pre-1700 regratir, pre-1700 regrattair, pre-1700 regreater, pre-1700 regreitar, pre-1700 regretar, pre-1700 regreter. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French regrater; French regratere. Etymology: Partly < Anglo-Norman regrater male retailer (1219 or earlier, frequent as occupational surname: see below; compare Anglo-Norman and Middle French regratier (beginning of the 12th cent. in Old French; French (now rare) regrattier ); probably < regrater regrate v.¹ (although this is first attested later) + -er -er suffix²), and partly < Anglo-Norman regratere (feminine noun) female retailer (1301 or earlier: see below; compare Middle French (rare) regratiere (1292 in Old French)), feminine form corresponding to regrater . Compare post-classical Latin regratarius (12th cent.; frequently from 13th cent. in British sources), and perhaps also the nouns in other Romance languages cited at regrate v.¹, although it is unclear whether there is any etymological connection between them and the French and post-classical Latin nouns (see discussion at regrate v.¹). Compare slightly earlier regrator n. and later regrate v.¹Anglo-Norman regrater, masculine noun, and regratere, feminine noun both occur as occupational surnames (compare Geoffrey le Regrater (1219), Agnes la Regratere (1301)). The following probably likewise shows the Anglo-Norman word, rather than earlier borrowing into Middle English:1288 in W. Hudson Leet Jurisdict. Norwich (1892) 28 De Hugone de London, Regrater. Now rare (chiefly historical). 1. A person who buys commodities (esp. food) in order to sell them on at a profit; a retailer. Also in extended use. Cf. regrate v.¹ ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > trader > agent or broker > [noun] > middleman > buying up for resale or monopoly regratorc1390 forestaller14.. regraterc1400 engrosserc1460 grey merchant1542 grosser?1542 forebuyer1558 ingrater1583 market-monger1629 pin-hooker1885 mailer1950 switch dealer1967 c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. iii. 90 (MED) Syluer to take..Ringes or other ricchesse þe regrateres to maynetene. c1436 Domesday Ipswich (BL Add. 25011) in T. Twiss Black Bk. Admiralty (1873) II. 101 (MED) It is ordeyned that non regrater..go out of the bondys of the forseid market..for to bargaynen, ne for to beyen ne forstallyn fysshe comyng toward the forseid toun to sellyn. a1500 tr. Iter Camererarii c. 19 in Acts Parl. Scotl. (1844) I. 699 Of Regrataris..þai by gudis befor þe lauchfull hour. 1537 T. Cromwell in R. B. Merriman Life & Lett. T. Cromwell (1902) II. 75 The oversight..of forstalers and regraters..within the town of Cambridge. 1592 Sc. Acts Parl. (1597) c. 148 Forasmeikle as sindry acts of Parliament hes bene maid for punishment of fore-stallers and regraters [etc.]. 1613 W. Welwood Abridgem. Sea-lawes 12 Against the forestallers, regraters, and dearthers of corne, fish, drinke, fire-wood, victuals caried ouer sea. 1642 D. Rogers Naaman 257 The poore shall curse thee, Oh thou regrater, Thou engrosser of corne, and raiser of prises. 1709–10 R. Steele Tatler No. 118. ⁋10 The Scarcity caused by Regraters of Bread-Corn. 1722 A. M. Thoughts of Project for draining Irish Channel 29 For P—ps, Sp—s, and Pickpockets, read Ingrossors, Forestallers, and Regretters. 1737 S.-Carolina Gaz. 16 Apr. 1/2 Every such Forestaller, Regrater, Ingrosser and other Person offending in any of the Matters aforesaid, shall, for every such Offence, forfeit all such Victuals or Provisions so bought. 1800 Edinb. Mag. Oct. 334/1 If..any regraters or forestallers should be complained of, I will do the utmost in my power to bring them to justice. 1824 W. S. Landor Imaginary Conversat. I. viii. 108 He [sc. James I] is..no forestaller and regrater of manna from heaven, or of palms from paradise. 1870 Daily News 3 Sept. 6 A police decree..preventing regraters from availing themselves of the extraordinary measures taken to provide food for the city [sc. Paris] to make famine prices for their own profit. 1925 S. Baring-Gould Further Reminisc. v. 54 He..had become the great regrater of all the industries in the land, and in so doing had killed its self-respect and initiative. 1964 S. E. Lehmberg Sir Walter Mildmay & Tudor Govt. xviii. 295 In 1589 Parliament attempted to enact legislation against forestallers and regraters but was dissolved before the bill could pass the Lords. 2. Chiefly English regional (south-western). A person who collects commodities from the producers and brings them to market; an intermediary. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > trader > agent or broker > [noun] > middleman broker1377 kiddier1551 huckster1574 jobber1647 middlemana1797 regrater1804 regrator1808 salesman- 1804 T. H. Williams Picturesque Excursions Devonshire & Cornwall (new ed.) 43 It was near this place, some regraters were passing with several horses laden with the whortle-berry..to supply the markets of Barnstaple. 1836 A. E. Bray Descr. Part Devonshire I. xx. 351 Cart-loads are taken every week from Launceston to Devonport and Plymouth by the Regraters. 1844 Ld. Brougham Albert Lunel II. iii. 57 A middleman between the publisher and the author, like a regrater between the hop-grower and the hop-merchant or the brewer. 1865 Reader 26 Aug. 236/2 ‘Regraters’ (as the Devon folk call them..) travel round the villages, and buy up fowls, and cream, and other delicacies. 1882 T. Hardy Far from Madding Crowd (new ed.) II. xxv. 167 A sort of regrater of other men's experiences of the glorious class. a1895 W. H. Daniels MS Coll. N. Devonshire Words in Eng. Dial. Dict. (1904) V. 83/2 The regerater's coming and my eggs are not ready. 1963 Recorded Interview (Brit. Libr. Sound Archive) (Survey Eng. Dialects: C908) Track 26 [Cornwall] What was your first job? Speaker: A regrater—chicken, butter and eggs—egg collector. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c1400
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